CN217798006U - Kitchen waste comprehensive treatment device - Google Patents
Kitchen waste comprehensive treatment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN217798006U CN217798006U CN202220145631.2U CN202220145631U CN217798006U CN 217798006 U CN217798006 U CN 217798006U CN 202220145631 U CN202220145631 U CN 202220145631U CN 217798006 U CN217798006 U CN 217798006U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for comprehensive treatment of kitchen waste. Carrying out high-pressure dehydration and oil-water separation treatment on the kitchen waste, recycling the obtained grease as a chemical raw material, and adsorbing and purifying the waste water by using biochar to be used as greening water; mixing the biochar subjected to wastewater adsorption and purification with solid-phase dehydration slag, performing low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, and cooling to obtain high-salt biochar; dissolving out soluble salt in the high-salt biochar by using a water-soluble process to obtain desalted biochar and a salt-containing solution; recovering salt in the salt-containing solution by adopting an evaporative crystallization mode to serve as a chemical raw material, and recycling the water solution obtained after steam condensation; and (3) drying the desalted biochar, wherein 50-70% of the obtained product is used as an adsorption material or a soil improvement material, and 30-50% of the obtained product is recycled as a wastewater adsorption and purification material. The method not only solves the problem of environmental pollution of the kitchen waste, but also realizes 100 percent of resource recycling and energy self-supply, and has good economic and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a refuse treatment field especially relates to a device of kitchen garbage integrated processing.
Background
The annual output of kitchen waste in China is about 4000-5000 ten thousand tons, and the annual output of kitchen waste in China is increased by about 10 percent. The kitchen waste has the basic physicochemical characteristics of high moisture (about 80-85%), high salinity and high organic matter content, is easy to rot and deteriorate, and can breed germs, and at the same time, the kitchen waste also contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements. The traditional kitchen waste disposal method comprises sanitary landfill, discharge into a sewer, use as animal feed, mixing with waste for incineration or organic composting. CN107971326A kitchen garbage conversion equipment and kitchen garbage conversion system, insect protein that converts kitchen garbage into. CN205599656U discloses a sled dress formula kitchen garbage processing system and kitchen garbage handle car, solves the secondary pollution problem that traditional kitchen garbage mode caused in collection, transportation, unload, deposit the in-process. The treated kitchen waste can be used for generating electricity or preparing hydrogen and biodiesel. CN201811564165.6 a kitchen waste treatment method solves the problem of separation of aflatoxin in kitchen waste, and the remaining solid kitchen waste without aflatoxin can be used as organic fertilizer or feed after being treated by drying and the like.
CN202010211873.2 a method for treating kitchen waste, which comprises removing a part of liquid-phase waste in kitchen waste to obtain pretreated kitchen waste, pulverizing the pretreated kitchen waste, and adding the pulverized kitchen waste into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to obtain a hydrothermal carbonized product as an organic carbon fertilizer. CN112139222A firstly mixes kitchen waste swill obtained after water filtration with kitchen waste slurry obtained after extrusion dehydration, then carries out oil extraction dehydration treatment, and then carries out anaerobic fermentation on the kitchen waste liquid after oil extraction dehydration to produce biogas. CN109945199A discloses a kitchen garbage burns device for refuse treatment, is equipped with and is used for reducing the moisture content in the kitchen garbage to the stoving chamber below 30% and is used for thoroughly burning the burning chamber of kitchen garbage, effectual improvement kitchen garbage's incineration efficiency. CN201610114928.1 a kitchen garbage compost system for carry out fermentation compost to kitchen garbage material and handle, solve among the prior art kitchen garbage incineration disposal in-process because of burning the secondary pollution problem that inadequately causes.
Comprehensively analyzing the current research situation at home and abroad, the current kitchen waste treatment mainly focuses on directly mixing compost or mixing fermentation to produce biogas, and has the defects of low large-scale treatment efficiency, insufficient resource utilization, low gas production efficiency, easy generation of secondary pollution, high treatment cost, unsorted and recycled byproducts, and the like. Therefore, a new comprehensive treatment technology for kitchen waste is urgently needed to be developed so as to achieve the goal of high-added-value resource utilization while realizing high efficiency and reduction.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the problem that overcome prior art and exist not enough, to the above-mentioned current kitchen garbage utilization not enough, with the direct dehydration back pyrolysis of kitchen garbage and synthesize and deal with, obtain four kinds of products of oil, afforestation water, salt and biochar, realize kitchen garbage resourceization high efficiency and utilize, low carbon, high-efficient, cleanly obtain each item accessory substance, reach the target of making the best use of things, energy-concerving and environment-protective, reduce cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides a device for comprehensively treating kitchen waste, which is characterized by mainly comprising a solid-liquid separation device 1# (2), a mixing device (4), a pyrolysis device (6), a cooling device (7), a salt dissolving device (10), a dehydration device (11), a salt extracting device (12), a drying device (13), a tail gas purification device (20), an oil-water separation device (23), a purification device (27) and a solid-liquid separation device 2# (28);
an outlet of the conveying device 1# (1) is connected with an inlet of the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2), a solid-phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 2# (3), and a liquid-phase outlet is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 10# (22);
the outlet of the conveying device 2# (3) is connected with the inlet of the mixing device (4); the outlet of the mixing device (4) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 3# (5); an outlet of the conveying device 3# (5) is connected with an inlet of the pyrolysis device (6); the outlet of the pyrolysis device (6) is connected with the inlet of the cooling device (7);
an air outlet of the cooling device (7) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 5# (9); the outlet of the conveying device 5# (9) is connected with the air inlet of the pyrolysis device (6);
the material outlet of the cooling device (7) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 4# (8); an outlet of the conveying device 4# (8) is connected with an inlet of the salt dissolving device (10); the outlet of the salt dissolving device (10) is connected with the inlet of the dehydrating device (11);
the liquid phase outlet of the dehydration device (11) is connected with the inlet of the salt extraction device (12); the solid phase outlet of the dehydration device (11) is connected with the inlet of the drying device (13);
an outlet 1 of the drying device (13) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 6# (14); the outlet of the conveying device 6# (14) is connected with the inlet of the purifying device (27); an outlet 2 of the drying device (13) is connected with an inlet of a conveying device 7# (15); an outlet of the conveying device 7# (15) is connected with an inlet of the biochar storage bin (16);
the outlet of the salt extracting device (12) is connected with the inlet of a conveying device 8# (17); an outlet of the conveying device 8# (17) is connected with an inlet of the salt storage bin (18);
the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis device (6) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the salt extraction device (12); the smoke outlet of the salt extracting device (12) is connected with the smoke inlet of the drying device (13); a flue gas outlet of the drying device (13) is connected with a flue gas inlet of the conveying device 9# (19); an outlet of the conveying device 9# (19) and a flue gas inlet of the tail gas purification device (20); the smoke outlet of the tail gas purification device (20) is connected with a chimney (21);
an outlet of the conveying device 10# (22) is connected with an inlet of the oil-water separation device (23); an oil outlet of the oil-water separation device (23) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 11# (24); the outlet of the conveying device 11# (24) is connected with a waste oil storage bin (25);
the wastewater outlet of the oil-water separation device (23) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device No. 13 (26); the outlet of the conveying device 13# (26) is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the purification device (27); the outlet of the purification device (27) is connected with the inlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28);
a solid phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 13# (29); the outlet of the conveying device 13# (29) is connected with the inlet of the mixing device (4); a liquid phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 14# (30); the outlet of the conveying device 14# (30) is connected with a water storage tank (31);
the steam outlet of the salt extracting device (12) is connected with the steam inlet of the mixing device (4); a condensed water outlet of the mixing device (4) is connected with an inlet of a conveying device 15# (32); the outlet of the conveying device 15# (32) is connected with the inlet of the water storage device (33); the outlet of the water storage device (33) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 16# (34); the outlet of the conveying device 16# (34) is connected with the inlet of the salt dissolving device (10).
The pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis device (6) is directly connected with the hearth of the pyrolysis device (6), energy generated by combustion of the pyrolysis gas is used for the pyrolysis device (6), hot flue gas generated by the pyrolysis device (6) is used for the salt extraction device (12), and energy of tail gas of the flue gas generated by the salt extraction device (12) is used for the drying device (13).
Further: the conveying device 1# (1) is a slurry pump;
the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2) and the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) are plate-and-frame filter presses or belt filter presses;
the conveying device 2# (3), the conveying device 3# (5), the conveying device 4# (8), the conveying device 8# (17) and the conveying device 13# (29) are large-inclination-angle belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, bucket elevators or screw conveyors;
the mixing device (4) is a ribbon mixer, a coulter mixer or a double-shaft mixer;
the pyrolysis device (6) is a drum-type indirect pyrolysis furnace with a hearth;
the cooling device (7) is a drum-type indirect cooling device or a spiral indirect cooling device;
the conveying device 5# (9) is a common fan;
the salt dissolving device (10) is a common mixing and dissolving device;
the dehydration device (11) is a plate-and-frame filter press, a centrifugal dehydrator or a belt filter press;
the salt extracting device (12) is a drum-type indirect heating evaporation salt extracting device;
the drying device (13) is a roller drying device, a belt type drying device or a disc type drying device;
the conveying devices 6# (14) and 7# (15) are pneumatic conveyors, large-inclination-angle belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, bucket elevators or screw conveyors;
the biochar bin (16), the salt bin (18) and the waste oil bin (25) are common steel bins;
the conveying device 9# (19) is a common flue gas fan;
the tail gas purification device (20) is a dry method, semi-dry method or wet method tail gas purification device;
the chimney (21) is a steel chimney, a brick-concrete structure chimney or a concrete chimney;
the conveying devices 10# (22), 13# (26), 14# (30), 15# (32) and 16# (34) are water pumps;
the oil-water separation device (23) is a gravity type or centrifugal oil-water separation device;
the conveying device 11# (24) is an oil pump;
the purification device (27) is a static adsorption device or a dynamic adsorption column;
a water storage tank (31), a water storage device (33) and a common steel tank or a concrete water storage tank.
The method for comprehensively treating the kitchen waste by using the device comprises the following steps,
s1: dehydrating the kitchen waste at high pressure to obtain solid-phase dehydration slag and dehydration liquid;
s2: carrying out oil-water separation treatment on the dehydration liquid to obtain grease and wastewater, wherein the grease is recycled as a chemical raw material, and the wastewater is used for greening water after being adsorbed and purified by charcoal;
s3: mixing the biochar after adsorbing and purifying the wastewater with the solid-phase dehydrated slag obtained in the step S1, performing low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, and cooling to obtain high-salt biochar;
s4: dissolving out soluble salt in the obtained high-salt biochar by using a water dissolving process, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted biochar and a salt-containing solution;
s5, the obtained salt-containing solution is subjected to indirect heating, evaporation and crystallization by using flue gas, salt in the recovered liquid is used as a chemical raw material, and the water solution obtained after steam condensation is recycled;
s6, drying the desalted biochar obtained in the step S4, wherein 50% -70% of the obtained product is used as an adsorbing material or a soil improvement material, and 30% -50% of the obtained product is recycled in the step S2 to be used as a wastewater adsorbing and purifying material.
Further, the dehydration method in the step S1 is high-pressure mechanical dehydration; preferably, the dehydration method is high-pressure belt filter-press dehydration or high-pressure plate-and-frame filter-press dehydration.
Further, the oil-water separation method in the step S2 is a conventional oil-water gravity separation method or a centrifugal separation method; and (3) carrying out biochar adsorption treatment on the wastewater, wherein the addition amount is controlled to be within a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1.
Further, the biochar adsorbing and purifying the wastewater in the step S3 is mixed with the solid-phase dehydrated slag obtained in the step S1, and the mixing time is 10-30 min; the temperature of the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment is 300-500 ℃, and the cooling mode of the high-salt biochar is indirect cooling.
Further, in the water soluble process in the step S4, the mixing ratio of the biochar to water is (solid-liquid mass ratio) 1-1; the solid-liquid separation mode is a centrifugal separation method, a plate-frame filter pressing method or a vacuum filtration method.
Further, the salt-containing solution in the step S5 adopts a mode of flue gas indirect heating evaporation crystallization, salt in the recovered liquid is used as a chemical raw material, steam is used for preheating a solid-phase mixed material subjected to low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, the temperature of the water solution obtained after condensation is 40-80 ℃, and recycling is the water-soluble process in the step S4.
Further, in the step S6, the temperature for drying the desalted biochar is 100-160 ℃.
Further, pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization in the step S3 is used as energy in the carbonization process, flue gas generated by combustion of the pyrolysis gas is used as a heat source of the evaporation crystallization salt extraction device in the step S5, and waste heat of flue gas tail gas is used for drying the biochar in the step S6.
The method and the system for comprehensively treating the kitchen waste utilize the kitchen waste as a raw material, and separate and recycle waste grease and waste salt as chemical raw materials; the recycled purified water is used as greening water, and the biochar is used as an adsorbing material and a soil improving material, so that the high-value utilization of byproducts in the kitchen waste disposal process is fully realized.
After components such as biological carbon adsorption salt and COD, grease, mix with meal kitchen filter-pressing solid sediment and carry out the pyrolysis, improved biological carbon pore structure, the organic matter obtains decomposing, the salt is remained in the biological charcoal, establishes the basis for follow-up salt of carrying.
The treatment method of the kitchen waste can realize complete digestion of harmful substances (such as bacteria, microorganisms and antibiotic pollutants), effectively solidify heavy metals, and is clean and environment-friendly in process. Most of the existing kitchen waste is subjected to anaerobic fermentation treatment, and the generated biogas can be used as energy, but the process generates a large amount of biogas residues and biogas slurry, and a reasonable large-scale utilization scheme is not provided. The utility model has the advantages of can realize the high-efficient utilization of kitchen garbage, the practicality is strong, specifically includes:
(1) The quick and large-scale reduction of the kitchen waste can be realized, the treatment capacity is high, and the efficiency is high.
(2) Salt is obtained from the kitchen waste and is used as a chemical raw material, so that salt loss and pollution are avoided; the waste water is used for greening after being adsorbed and purified, and the low-cost treatment and utilization of waste water resources are realized.
(3) The biochar obtained by extracting the salt has rich pore structures and functional groups, has good adsorption performance, can be used for adsorbing and purifying the salt, ammonia nitrogen, COD and the like in the wastewater, and can also be used for adsorbing pollutants such as organic matters, heavy metals and the like in the wastewater; meanwhile, the biochar contains rich elements such as N, P, K and the like, and is a good biological fertilizer and soil improvement material.
(4) The problem of kitchen garbage processing exist has effectively been solved, and the treatment effeciency is high, and is with low costs, realizes the categorised high-valued utilization of accessory substance moreover.
In the step of pyrolysis and carbonization, the temperature is 300-500 ℃. This is because this temperature interval allows to achieve a complete decomposition of the solid phase, completely eliminating bacterial, microbial and antibiotic contaminants. The temperature is lower than 300 ℃, so that complete pyrolysis of a solid phase cannot be smoothly realized, and bacteria, microorganisms and antibiotic pollutants contained in the solid phase cannot be eliminated; above 500 ℃, the influence on the improvement of the quality of the pyrolytic biochar is limited, and the decomposition of calcium-based components and water solubility are easily caused, so that the subsequent salt recovery efficiency is influenced, and the energy waste is easily caused. The drying temperature of the desalted biochar is 80-120 ℃, because the temperature is higher than 120 ℃, energy is wasted, and the drying efficiency is influenced when the temperature is lower than 80 ℃.
Has the advantages that: kitchen garbage integrated processing method, adapt to the kitchen garbage that china is urgent at present day by day and handle the demand, effectively solved kitchen garbage and handled the problem that exists, the treatment effeciency is high, and is with low costs, realizes the categorised high-valued utilization of accessory substance moreover, low carbon, high efficiency, utilize each item accessory substance cleanly, reach the purpose that makes the best use of, energy-concerving and environment-protective, reduce cost of things, have good economic benefits and environmental benefit. Adopt the utility model provides a device and method not only can solve kitchen garbage's environmental pollution problem completely, but also can realize 100% resource recovery and utilize and 100% energy self-supply, have good economic benefits and environmental benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of the comprehensive kitchen waste treatment device system provided by the utility model.
The system comprises a conveying device 1#, a conveying device 2#, a solid-liquid separation device 1#, a conveying device 3#, a conveying device 2#, a mixing device 4#, a mixing device 5#, a conveying device 3#, a pyrolysis device 6#, a cooling device 7#, a conveying device 8#, a conveying device 4#, a conveying device 9#, a conveying device 5#, a salt dissolving device 10#, a dewatering device 11#, a salt extracting device 12#, a drying device 13, a conveying device 14#, a conveying device 6#, a conveying device 15#, a conveying device 7#, a biochar storage bin 16#, a conveying device 8#, a salt storage bin 18 #, a conveying device 9#, a tail gas purification device 20, a chimney 21, a conveying device 10#, a conveying device 23, a separating device 24, a conveying device 11, a waste oil storage bin 26, a conveying device 12#, a purifying device 27, a solid-liquid separation device 28 #, an oil-liquid separation device 2#, an oil-water storage device 13#, a conveying device 30 conveying device 14#, a water storage pool 31, a water storage pool 32, a conveying device 15, a water storage device 33, a conveying device 16..
Fig. 2 is a flow of the comprehensive treatment method for kitchen waste provided by the utility model.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
In the following examples and comparative examples, "%" means weight percent, unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the utility model provides a comprehensive treatment method for kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: (1) Dehydrating the kitchen waste under high pressure to obtain solid-phase dehydration slag and dehydration liquid; (2) Carrying out oil-water separation treatment on the dehydration liquid to obtain grease and wastewater, recycling the grease as a chemical raw material, and adsorbing and purifying the wastewater by using biochar to obtain greening water; (3) Mixing the biochar after adsorbing and purifying the wastewater with the solid-phase dehydration slag, performing low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, and cooling to obtain high-salt biochar; (4) Dissolving out soluble salt in the biochar by using a water dissolving process, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted biochar and a salt-containing solution; (5) The salt-containing solution adopts a mode of flue gas indirect heating evaporation crystallization, salt in the recovered liquid is used as a chemical raw material, and the water solution obtained after steam condensation is recycled; (6) And (3) drying the desalted biochar, wherein 50-70% of the product is used as an adsorbing material or a soil improvement material, and 30-50% of the product is recycled in the step (2) to be used as a wastewater adsorbing and purifying material.
Further, the dehydration method in the step (1) is high-pressure mechanical dehydration, and comprises high-pressure belt type filter-pressing dehydration or high-pressure plate-frame filter-pressing dehydration.
Further, the oil-water separation method in the step (2) is a conventional oil-water gravity separation method or a centrifugal separation method; and (3) carrying out biochar adsorption treatment on the wastewater, wherein the addition amount is controlled to be 1-1.
Further, mixing the biochar adsorbing and purifying the wastewater in the step (3) with the solid-phase dehydrated slag obtained in the step (1) for 10-30 min; the low-temperature pyrolysis treatment temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the high-salt biochar cooling mode is indirect cooling.
Further, in the water-soluble process in the step (4), the mixing ratio of the biochar to water is 1-1; after soluble salt in the biochar is dissolved out, the solid-liquid separation mode is a centrifugal separation method, a plate-and-frame filter pressing method or a vacuum filtration method, and the desalted biochar and the salt-containing solution are obtained.
Further, the salt-containing solution obtained in the step (5) is subjected to indirect heating, evaporation and crystallization by using flue gas, salt in the recovered liquid is used as a chemical raw material, steam is used for preheating a solid-phase mixed material subjected to low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, the temperature of the water solution obtained after condensation is 40-80 ℃, and the water solution is recycled as the water dissolving process in the step (4).
Further, in the step (6), the drying temperature of the desalted biochar is 100-160 ℃, 50-70% of the obtained product is used as an adsorbing material or a soil improvement material, and 30-50% of the obtained product is recycled in the step (2) to be used as a wastewater adsorbing and purifying material.
Further, pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization in the step (3) is used as energy for a carbonization process, flue gas generated by combustion of the pyrolysis gas is used as a heat source of the evaporation crystallization salt extraction device in the step (5), and flue gas tail gas waste heat is used for drying the biochar in the step (6).
Example 1
The equipment of the utility model is combined for processing.
A comprehensive treatment system for kitchen waste comprises a conveying device 1#, a conveying device 2#, a solid-liquid separation device 1#, a conveying device 3#, a mixing device 4#, a conveying device 5#, a drying device 5#, a conveying device 3#, a pyrolysis device 6#, a cooling device 7#, a conveying device 8#, a conveying device 9#, a conveying device 5#, a salt dissolving device 10#, a dewatering device 11#, a salt extracting device 12#, a drying device 13#, a conveying device 6#, a conveying device 15#, a conveying device 7#, a biochar storage bin 16#, a conveying device 8#, a conveying device 18 #, a salt storage bin 19, a conveying device 9#, a tail gas purification device 20, a chimney 21, a conveying device 22 #, a conveying device 10#, a water-oil separation device 23, a conveying device 24, a waste oil storage bin 25, a conveying device 12#, a conveying device 27, a purification device, a solid-liquid separation device 28 #, a conveying device 2#, a conveying device 29, a conveying device 13, a conveying device 30, a conveying device 14#, a water storage pool 31, a water storage device 32, a conveying device 15#, a conveying device 33, a conveying device 16, a conveying device 16..
An outlet of the conveying device 1# (1) is connected with an inlet of the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2), a solid-phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 2# (3), and a liquid-phase outlet is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 10# (22);
an outlet of the conveying device 2# (3) is connected with an inlet of the mixing device (4); the outlet of the mixing device (4) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 3# (5); the outlet of the conveying device 3# (5) is connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis device (6); the outlet of the pyrolysis device (6) is connected with the inlet of the cooling device (7);
an air outlet of the cooling device (7) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 5# (9); the outlet of the conveying device 5# (9) is connected with the air inlet of the pyrolysis device (6);
the material outlet of the cooling device (7) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 4# (8); an outlet of the conveying device 4# (8) is connected with an inlet of the salt dissolving device (10); the outlet of the salt dissolving device (10) is connected with the inlet of the dehydrating device (11);
the liquid phase outlet of the dehydration device (11) is connected with the inlet of the salt extraction device (12); the solid phase outlet of the dehydration device (11) is connected with the inlet of the drying device (13);
an outlet 1 of the drying device (13) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 6# (14); the outlet of the conveying device 6# (14) is connected with the inlet of the purifying device (27); an outlet 2 of the drying device (13) is connected with an inlet of a conveying device 7# (15); an outlet of the conveying device 7# (15) is connected with an inlet of the biochar storage bin (16);
the outlet of the salt extracting device (12) is connected with the inlet of a conveying device 8# (17); an outlet of the conveying device 8# (17) is connected with an inlet of the salt storage bin (18);
the smoke outlet of the pyrolysis device (6) is connected with the smoke inlet of the salt extraction device (12); the smoke outlet of the salt extraction device (12) is connected with the smoke inlet of the drying device (13); the flue gas outlet of the drying device (13) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the conveying device 9# (19); an outlet of the conveying device 9# (19) and a flue gas inlet of the tail gas purification device (20); the smoke outlet of the tail gas purification device (20) is connected with a chimney (21);
the outlet of the conveying device 10# (22) is connected with the inlet of the oil-water separation device (23); an oil outlet of the oil-water separation device (23) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 11# (24); the outlet of the conveying device 11# (24) is connected with a waste oil storage bin (25);
the wastewater outlet of the oil-water separation device (23) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device No. 13 (26); the outlet of the conveying device 13# (26) is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the purification device (27); the outlet of the purification device (27) is connected with the inlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28);
a solid phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 13# (29); an outlet of the conveying device 13# (29) is connected with an inlet of the mixing device (4); a liquid phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 14# (30); an outlet of the conveying device 14# (30) is connected with a water storage tank (31);
the steam outlet of the salt extracting device (12) is connected with the steam inlet of the mixing device (4); the condensed water outlet of the mixing device (4) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 15# (32); the outlet of the conveying device 15# (32) is connected with the inlet of the water storage device (33); the outlet of the water storage device (33) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 16# (34); the outlet of the conveying device 16# (34) is connected with the inlet of the salt dissolving device (10).
The pyrolysis device (6) pyrolysis gas export is direct to be connected with the furnace of pyrolysis device (6), and the energy that the pyrolysis gas burning produced is used for pyrolysis device (6), the hot flue gas that pyrolysis device (6) produced is used for carry salt device (12), the flue gas tail gas energy that carries salt device (12) production is used for drying device (13).
The conveying device 1# (1) is a slurry pump;
the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2) and the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) are plate-and-frame filter presses or belt filter presses;
the conveying device 2# (3), the conveying device 3# (5), the conveying device 4# (8), the conveying device 8# (17) and the conveying device 13# (29) are large-inclination-angle belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, bucket elevators or screw conveyors;
the mixing device (4) is a ribbon mixer, a coulter mixer or a double-shaft mixer;
the pyrolysis device (6) is a drum-type indirect pyrolysis furnace with a hearth;
the cooling device (7) is a drum-type indirect cooling device or a spiral indirect cooling device;
the conveying device 5# (9) is a common fan;
the salt dissolving device (10) is a common mixing and dissolving device;
the dehydration device (11) is a plate-and-frame filter press, a centrifugal dehydrator or a belt filter press;
the salt extracting device (12) is a drum-type indirect heating evaporation salt extracting device;
the drying device (13) is a roller drying device, a belt type drying device or a disc type drying device;
the conveying devices 6# (14) and 7# (15) are pneumatic conveyors, large-inclination-angle belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, bucket elevators or screw conveyors;
the biochar bin (16), the salt bin (18) and the waste oil bin (25) are common steel bins;
the conveying device 9# (19) is a common flue gas fan;
the tail gas purification device (20) is a dry method, semi-dry method or wet method tail gas purification device;
the chimney (21) is a steel chimney, a brick-concrete structure chimney or a concrete chimney;
the conveying devices 10# (22), 13# (26), 14# (30), 15# (32) and 16# (34) are water pumps;
the oil-water separation device (23) is a gravity type or centrifugal oil-water separation device;
the conveying device 11# (24) is an oil pump;
the purification device (27) is a static adsorption device or a dynamic adsorption column;
a water storage tank (31), a water storage device (33) and a common steel tank or a concrete water storage tank.
When the kitchen waste mixing device works, the kitchen waste is conveyed into a solid-liquid separation device 1# (2) through a conveying device 1# (1) to be subjected to solid-liquid separation, and a solid phase obtained through separation is conveyed into a mixing device (4) through a conveying device 2# (3) to be mixed with a material conveyed by a conveying device 13# (29); the mixture is conveyed into a pyrolysis device (6) through a conveying device 3# (5) for anaerobic pyrolysis, and a pyrolysis product enters a cooling device (7) and is indirectly cooled by air; conveying the cooled biochar into a salt dissolving device (10) through a conveying device No. 4 (8), and dehydrating after dissolving out the salt in the biochar to obtain a salt solution, and conveying the salt solution into a salt extracting device (12) for evaporation and salt extraction; drying the obtained solid in a drying device (13) to obtain a desalted biochar product; one part of the desalted biochar product is conveyed into a biochar storage bin (16) through a conveying device 7# (15) for storage and is used for soil improvement or adsorption materials; the other part is conveyed into a purification device (27) through a conveying device 6# (14) to be used as an adsorption and purification material for adsorbing COD, salt and the like in the wastewater. The salt extracting device (12) is used for extracting salt by indirect heating evaporation crystallization, hot flue gas generated by the pyrolysis device (6) is used as energy, water vapor generated by the steam is used for indirect heating of the mixing device, and obtained condensed water with a certain temperature is conveyed into the water storage device (33) for storage through the conveying device 15# (32), and then conveyed into the salt extracting device (12) through the conveying device 16# (34) for recycling.
Pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis device (6) is combusted in a hearth of the pyrolysis device to supply heat to the pyrolysis device; cold air indirectly heated by the cooling device (7) is conveyed to a hearth of the pyrolysis device (6) by a conveying device 5# (9) to be used as air required by combustion; the generated hot flue gas is used for indirectly heating a heat source by a salt extraction device (12), then enters a drying device (13) to be used as drying energy, is conveyed by a conveying device 9# (19) to enter a tail gas purification device (20) for purification treatment, and finally is discharged through a chimney (21) after reaching the standard.
The liquid phase obtained by the separation of the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2) is conveyed into an oil-water separation device (23) through a conveying device 10# (22); the separated oil is conveyed into a waste oil storage bin (25) through a conveying device 11# (24) to be stored and used as a chemical raw material; the wastewater obtained by separation is conveyed into a purification device (27) through a conveying device 13# (26) and is mixed with the desalted biochar conveyed by the conveying device 6# (14) to realize adsorption purification treatment; and (3) feeding the purified solid-liquid mixture into a solid-liquid separation device No. 2 (28) to realize solid-liquid separation, and conveying the solid-phase biochar into a mixing device (4) through a conveying device No. 13 (29) to be mixed for subsequent pyrolysis, so that the complete decomposition of organic pollutants such as COD (chemical oxygen demand) and the like is realized. The water solution separated by the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) is conveyed into a water storage tank (31) through a conveying device 14# (30) for storage, and is used for greening water.
By adopting the process, the recovery rate of sodium chloride in the kitchen waste is high>90 percent; the obtained desalted biochar has specific surface area>300m 2 Perg, the adsorption removal rate of organic pollutants in the wastewater>95 percent of adsorption removal rate of heavy metals in the wastewater>95％。
In conclusion, the four products of oil, green water, salt and charcoal are obtained by comprehensively treating the kitchen waste, so that the large-scale quick treatment of the kitchen waste is realized, various byproducts are obtained in a low-carbon, high-efficiency and clean manner, and the aims of making the best use of things, saving energy, protecting environment and reducing cost are fulfilled.
Embodiment 2 application method of comprehensive kitchen waste treatment system
As shown in fig. 2. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Enabling the kitchen waste to pass through a conveying device 1# 1 and enter a solid-liquid separation device 1# 2 for high-pressure dehydration, and enabling the kitchen waste to pass through a conveying device 10# 22 and enter an oil-water separation device 23 to obtain solid-phase dehydration residues and dehydration liquid; the dehydration method is high-pressure mechanical dehydration, and comprises high-pressure belt type filter-pressing dehydration or high-pressure plate-frame filter-pressing dehydration.
(2) Carrying out oil-water separation treatment on the dehydrated liquid (23, an oil-water separation device) to obtain grease (entering 25, a waste oil storage bin and waste water through a 24-conveying device 11 #), recycling the grease as a chemical raw material, adsorbing and purifying the waste water (entering 27, a purifying device through a 26-conveying device 12 #) through charcoal, carrying out solid-liquid separation through a 28-solid-liquid separation device 2#, and conveying the obtained liquid phase into a 31-water storage tank through a 30-conveying device 14#, wherein the liquid phase is used as greening water; the oil-water separation method is a conventional oil-water gravity separation method or a centrifugal separation method; and (3) carrying out biochar adsorption treatment on the wastewater, wherein the addition amount is controlled to be 1-1.
(3) And (3) separating the biochar used for adsorbing and purifying the wastewater by a solid-liquid separation device 2# 28 to obtain used biochar, conveying the biochar into a mixing device 4# 29 and a conveying device 13# to mix with solid-phase dehydration slag (the mixing time is 10-30 min), conveying the mixture into a pyrolysis device 6# 5 and a conveying device 3# to carry out anaerobic low-temperature pyrolysis, and conveying a pyrolysis product into a cooling device 7 to indirectly cool by air. The low-temperature pyrolysis treatment temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the high-salt biochar is obtained after indirect cooling.
(4) Conveying the high-salt biochar into a 10-salt dissolving device through an 8-conveying device 4#, dissolving soluble salt in the biochar by using a water dissolving process (wherein the mixing ratio of the biochar to water is 1-1 in a solid-liquid mass ratio, the water temperature is controlled to be 40-80 ℃), and then performing solid-liquid separation (a centrifugal separation method, a plate-and-frame filter pressing method or a vacuum filtration method) to obtain the desalted biochar and a salt-containing solution.
(5) Sending the salt-containing solution into a 12. Salt extraction device, recovering salt in the liquid as a chemical raw material by adopting a mode of flue gas indirect heating evaporation crystallization, and recycling the water solution obtained after steam condensation; the steam is used for preheating the solid-phase mixed material (4) subjected to low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, the temperature of the water solution obtained after condensation is 40-80 ℃, and the water solution is recycled as the water dissolving process in the step (4).
(6) And (2) drying the desalted biochar (one part of the desalted biochar passes through a drying device 13, is conveyed into a biochar storage 16 through a conveying device 7#, and the other part of the desalted biochar is conveyed into a purifying device 27 through a conveying device 6# (14) to be used as a wastewater adsorption and purification material) (the drying temperature is 100-160 ℃), wherein 50-70% of biochar products are used as an adsorption material or a soil improvement material, and 30-50% of biochar products are recycled to be used as the wastewater adsorption and purification material in the step (2).
Further, pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization in the step (3) is used as energy for a carbonization process, flue gas generated by combustion of the pyrolysis gas is used as a heat source of the evaporation crystallization salt extraction device in the step (5), and flue gas tail gas waste heat is used for drying the biochar in the step (6).
The method can realize efficient large-scale disposal and resource utilization of the kitchen waste and reduce the rate>85% recovery of soluble salt>90% of biochar (N + P) obtained 2 O 5 +K 2 O)>5 percent, the treatment system realizes 100 percent self-supply of energy, is clean and environment-friendly, and the biochar is suitable for soil improvement and can increase the yield of crops>15 percent, and has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the invention, and that those skilled in the art may make variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for comprehensive treatment of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising a solid-liquid separation device No. 1 (2), a mixing device (4), a pyrolysis device (6), a cooling device (7), a salt dissolving device (10), a dehydration device (11), a salt extracting device (12), a drying device (13), a tail gas purification device (20), an oil-water separation device (23), a purification device (27) and a solid-liquid separation device No. 2 (28);
an outlet of the conveying device 1# (1) is connected with an inlet of the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2), a solid-phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 2# (3), and a liquid-phase outlet is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 10# (22);
the outlet of the conveying device 2# (3) is connected with the inlet of the mixing device (4); the outlet of the mixing device (4) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 3# (5); the outlet of the conveying device 3# (5) is connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis device (6); the outlet of the pyrolysis device (6) is connected with the inlet of the cooling device (7);
an air outlet of the cooling device (7) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 5# (9); an outlet of the conveying device 5# (9) is connected with an air inlet of the pyrolysis device (6);
the material outlet of the cooling device (7) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 4# (8); an outlet of the conveying device 4# (8) is connected with an inlet of the salt dissolving device (10); the outlet of the salt dissolving device (10) is connected with the inlet of the dehydrating device (11);
the liquid phase outlet of the dehydration device (11) is connected with the inlet of the salt extraction device (12); the solid phase outlet of the dehydration device (11) is connected with the inlet of the drying device (13);
an outlet 1 of the drying device (13) is connected with an inlet of a conveying device 6# (14); the outlet of the conveying device 6# (14) is connected with the inlet of the purifying device (27); an outlet 2 of the drying device (13) is connected with an inlet of a conveying device 7# (15); an outlet of the conveying device 7# (15) is connected with an inlet of the biochar storage bin (16);
a crystallized salt outlet of the salt extracting device (12) is connected with an inlet of a conveying device No. 8 (17); an outlet of the conveying device 8# (17) is connected with an inlet of the salt storage bin (18);
the smoke outlet of the pyrolysis device (6) is connected with the smoke inlet of the salt extraction device (12); the smoke outlet of the salt extraction device (12) is connected with the smoke inlet of the drying device (13); the flue gas outlet of the drying device (13) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the conveying device 9# (19); an outlet of the conveying device 9# (19) and a flue gas inlet of the tail gas purification device (20); the smoke outlet of the tail gas purification device (20) is connected with a chimney (21);
an outlet of the conveying device 10# (22) is connected with an inlet of the oil-water separation device (23); an oil outlet of the oil-water separation device (23) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 11# (24); the outlet of the conveying device 11# (24) is connected with a waste oil storage bin (25);
the wastewater outlet of the oil-water separation device (23) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device No. 13 (26); the outlet of the conveying device 13# (26) is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the purification device (27); the outlet of the purification device (27) is connected with the inlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28);
a solid phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 13# (29); the outlet of the conveying device 13# (29) is connected with the inlet of the mixing device (4); a liquid phase outlet of the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) is connected with an inlet of the conveying device 14# (30); an outlet of the conveying device 14# (30) is connected with a water storage tank (31);
the steam outlet of the salt extracting device (12) is connected with the steam inlet of the mixing device (4); a condensed water outlet of the mixing device (4) is connected with an inlet of a conveying device 15# (32); the outlet of the conveying device 15# (32) is connected with the inlet of the water storage device (33); the outlet of the water storage device (33) is connected with the inlet of the conveying device 16# (34); the outlet of the conveying device 16# (34) is connected with the inlet of the salt dissolving device (10);
the pyrolysis device (6) pyrolysis gas export is direct to be connected with the furnace of pyrolysis device (6), and the energy that the pyrolysis gas burning produced is used for pyrolysis device (6), the hot flue gas that pyrolysis device (6) produced is used for carry salt device (12), the flue gas tail gas energy that carries salt device (12) production is used for drying device (13).
2. The device for comprehensively treating the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the conveying device 1# (1) is a slurry pump;
the solid-liquid separation device 1# (2) and the solid-liquid separation device 2# (28) are plate-and-frame filter presses or belt filter presses.
3. The device for the comprehensive treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the conveying device 2# (3), the conveying device 3# (5), the conveying device 4# (8), the conveying device 8# (17) and the conveying device 13# (29) are large-inclination belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, bucket elevators or screw conveyors;
the mixing device (4) is a ribbon mixer, a coulter mixer or a double-shaft mixer.
4. The device for the comprehensive treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis device (6) is a drum-type indirect pyrolysis furnace with a hearth;
the cooling device (7) is a drum-type indirect cooling device or a spiral indirect cooling device;
the conveying device 5# (9) is a common fan.
5. The device for the comprehensive treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that said salt dissolving device (10) is a common mixing and dissolving device;
the dehydration device (11) is a plate-and-frame filter press, a centrifugal dehydrator or a belt filter press;
the salt extracting device (12) is a roller type indirect heating evaporation salt extracting device.
6. The apparatus for the comprehensive treatment of kitchen wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying device (13) is a drum drying device, a belt drying device or a disc drying device;
the conveying devices 6# (14) and 7# (15) are pneumatic conveyors, large-inclination-angle belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, bucket elevators or screw conveyors;
the biochar bin (16), the salt bin (18) and the waste oil bin (25) are common steel bins.
7. The device for the comprehensive treatment of kitchen wastes according to claim 1, wherein the conveying device 9# (19) is a common flue gas fan;
the tail gas purification device (20) is a dry method, semi-dry method or wet method tail gas purification device;
the chimney (21) is a steel chimney, a brick-concrete structure chimney or a concrete chimney.
8. The device for comprehensively treating kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveying device 10# (22), the conveying device 13# (26), the conveying device 14# (30), the conveying device 15# (32) and the conveying device 16# (34) are water pumps;
the oil-water separation device (23) is a gravity type or centrifugal oil-water separation device;
the conveying device 11# (24) is an oil pump;
the purification device (27) is a static adsorption device or a dynamic adsorption column;
a water storage tank (31), a water storage device (33) and a common steel tank or a concrete water storage tank.
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| CN117019841A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-11-10 | 广东聚奎环境科技有限公司 | Kitchen waste pretreatment process |
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