CN110720618A - 复合果酱及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种复合果酱,由以下重量百分比的原料制成:桑葚全浆30~40%、全黑米糖浆40~50%、山梨糖醇5~10%、低聚异麦芽糖5~10%。同时还提供了一种上述复合果酱的制备方法。本发明复合果酱以富含花色苷的桑葚和黑米品种为主要原料,并实现桑葚和黑米的全利用,有利于提升产品的生理功效;以山梨糖醇和低聚异麦芽糖替代蔗糖,改善产品口感提高甜度,同时降低了产品的热量;同时低聚异麦芽糖可促进肠道益生菌增殖,进一步丰富了产品的健康效应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种复合果酱,还涉及该复合果酱的制备方法。
背景技术
花色苷广泛存在于自然界中植物的细胞液中,使根、茎、花、叶、果实呈现蓝、紫红、红等不同颜色。近年来,花色苷受到越来越多的关注,研究表明,花色苷能以糖苷的形式进入体内,具有缓减视网膜光化学损伤及保护视力、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗动脉粥样硬化及保护心血管、保护肝脏等多种生理功能。
传统果酱制品口感细腻,但含糖量高达65%~70%,热量值很高,不宜于糖尿病患者、心脑血管等疾病患者食用。而且这类食品易引起肥胖,并引发糖尿病、高血脂、动脉硬化、冠心病等“富贵病”。
目前市面上还没有富含花色苷,同时热量值低的果酱产品,基于此,有必要提供一种复合果酱,满足人们对低热量健康食品的需求。
发明内容
本发明第一目的在于提供一种复合果酱,解决现有果酱热量高,花色苷含量不足的技术问题。
本发明的第二目在于提供一种上述复合果酱的制备方法。
为实现上述第一目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种复合果酱,由以下重量百分比的原料制成:桑葚全浆30~40%、全黑米糖浆40~50%、山梨糖醇5~10%、低聚异麦芽糖5~10%。
本发明以富含花色苷的桑葚、黑米为主要原料,以山梨糖醇和低聚异麦芽糖替代蔗糖,制备了一种富含花色苷的低热量复合果酱,其中,低聚异麦芽糖是一种益生元,可促进双歧杆菌及其它肠道有益菌群的增殖,具有改善肠胃功能的作用。
黑米是天然花色苷重要的来源之一,富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质等营养元素,尤其是黑米皮层中含有大量花色苷,主要为矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊-3-芸香糖苷、矢车菊-3,5-二葡萄糖苷及芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷。
桑葚是花色苷含量最高的水果之一,其富含糖、游离酸、蛋白质、粗纤维、维生素、矿物质等营养成分及多酚类生理活性物质,其中最重要多酚物质为花色苷,主要为矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊-3-芸香糖苷、牵牛花-3-芸香糖苷、天竺葵-3-葡萄糖苷。
为实现上述第二目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种上述复合果酱的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)按照原料配比将桑葚全浆、全黑米糖浆以及山梨糖醇、低聚异麦芽糖混合均匀,经微磨、均质、浓缩得到复合果酱酱体;
(2)将上述复合果酱酱体进行灭菌处理,再无菌包装,即得到复合果酱成品。
本发明复合果酱的一些实施例中,所述桑葚全浆通过以下方式获得:取新鲜成熟的桑葚清洗干净,置于抗坏血酸溶液中浸泡;再置于水浴中烫漂;再将桑葚与水进行打浆至成为均匀浆液,得到桑葚全浆。
将桑葚置于抗坏血酸溶液中浸泡可以提高桑葚花色苷的稳定性,而用水浴短时烫漂,可以迅速钝化其中多酚氧化酶活性,减少多酚氧化酶对花色苷的破坏作用,进一步保持桑葚花色苷的稳定性和活性。
优选地,所述抗坏血酸溶液的重量百分比浓度为0.1~0.5%,在抗坏血酸溶液中浸泡时间为1~3min。
所述水浴温度是100℃,烫漂时间是60~90s。
所述桑葚与水进行打浆的重量比是1:1。
本发明可以进一步改进,所述桑葚选用云桑2号桑葚。云桑2号桑葚其花色苷含量可达到4.57mg/g FW(鲜重),远高于其它品种桑葚;
本发明复合果酱的一些实施例中,所述全黑米糖浆通过以下方式获得:将黑米和水进行打浆,置于均质机中均质,得到全黑米浆液,再将全黑米浆液进行二次酶解,得到全黑米糖浆。
进一步地,所述黑米和水的重量比为1:7~10。
均质过程中压力为10~15MPa。
所述全黑米浆液中固体物平均粒径为250~350μm。全黑米浆液固体物粒径较低有利于黑米浆液的酶解糖化,可缩短其酶解糖化时间,减少黑米花色苷损失。
更优选地,所述黑米选用龙金01黑米。龙金01黑米其花色苷含量可达到5.10mg/gDW(干重),显著高于其它品种黑米。
进一步地,所述二次酶解中,第一次酶解的具体过程是:加热全黑米浆液进行糊化处理,加入中温α-淀粉酶混匀进行酶解,然后迅速升温进行灭酶活处理,再冷却,得黑米酶解液。
优选地,所述糊化处理是将全黑米浆液在90~95℃保持10~15min。
所述中温α-淀粉酶进行酶解过程中,中温α-淀粉酶的添加量是1.8~3.0U/g,以糊化后干物质计;酶解的温度是60~70℃,酶解时间是20~40min;酶解至浆液DE值达到10%~15%。
所述灭酶活是在95~100℃条件下维持2~3min;冷却至温度为45~55℃。
进一步地,所述二次酶解中,第二次酶解的具体过程是:向经第一次酶解得到的黑米酶解液中加入葡萄糖淀粉酶进行酶解,迅速升温进行灭酶活处理,得到全黑米糖浆。
优选地,所述葡萄糖淀粉酶进行酶解过程中,葡萄糖淀粉酶的添加量是8~12U/g,以第一次酶解得到的黑米酶解液干物质计;酶解的温度是55~60℃,酶解时间是3~4h;酶解至浆液DE值达到25%~30%。所述灭酶活是在95~100℃条件下维持2~3min。
所述微磨是采用胶体磨进行研磨;均质是在常温下,压力为15~20MPa的均质机中进行均质;所述浓缩采用低温真空浓缩,浓缩条件为:温度60~70℃,压力0.06~0.09MPa,浓缩至浆液中可溶性固形物含量达到40~45%。
所述灭菌处理是进行超高温瞬时灭菌,灭菌温度是12l℃~131℃,灭菌时间是5~10s。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明复合果酱以突出产品花色苷含量为目标,以富含花色苷的桑葚和黑米品种为主要原料,并实现桑葚和黑米的全利用,有利于提升产品的生理功效;相对于单纯的桑葚果酱,同时采用黑米作为主要原料,中医认为,桑葚味甘性寒,入心肝、肾经,有滋阴补血作用;黑米有开胃益中、健脾活血、明目的功效,两者搭配相得益彰;
(2)本发明复合果酱区别于传统果酱产品,以山梨糖醇和低聚异麦芽糖替代蔗糖,在不添加蔗糖的前提下,改善产品口感提高甜度。和蔗糖不同的是,山梨糖醇在血液中不会转化为葡萄糖,不受胰岛素影响,血糖上升和有机酸的增加较小,是一种安全性高的甜味剂。而低聚异麦芽糖可促进肠道益生菌增殖,进一步丰富了产品的健康效应。同时,山梨糖醇和低聚异麦芽糖的添加量较低,降低了产品的热量,适宜更多人群食用。
(2)本发明采用多种措施以提高产品的功效性:采用抗坏血酸稳定化以及瞬时烫漂灭酶活工艺以提高桑葚花色苷的稳定性,减少桑葚花色苷的损失;通过二次酶解工艺,将黑米中的淀粉转化为小分子还原糖,提高甜度,同时为了保护黑米花色苷,采用均质前处理降低黑米淀粉颗粒粒径、以缩短酶解时间,并采用中低温酶解工艺,减少黑米花色苷的破坏;采用低温真空浓缩和超高温瞬时灭菌工艺,最大程度提高花色苷的保留率。
(3)本发明制备的复合果酱低热量,具有富含生理活性物质花色苷、无蔗糖添加、促进肠道益生菌增殖等特点,符合国际上食品向低热量、保健食品方向发展的趋势,适宜更多人群食用。
具体实施方式
实施例一
按下列步骤制备一种复合果酱:
1、取新鲜成熟的云桑2号桑葚,以流动水清洗干净,置于重量百分比浓度为0.25%的抗坏血酸溶液中浸泡2min,以提高桑葚花色苷的稳定性;再置于100℃水浴中短时烫漂75s迅速钝化其中多酚氧化酶活性,减少多酚氧化酶对花色苷的破坏作用,进一步保持桑葚花色苷的稳定性和活性;完成后再按桑葚∶水的重量比1∶1加入净化水,投入打浆机中打浆,直至成为均匀浆液,得到桑葚全浆。
2、取新鲜的龙金01黑米,加入其8.5倍重量的洁净水进行打浆,随后置于均质机中于12MPa压力下均质,得到固体物平均粒径316±28μm的全黑米浆液。
将得到的全黑米浆液进行二次酶解:
第一次酶解的具体过程:加热上述全黑米浆液至93℃保持12min至糊化完全;冷却至65℃时添加中温α-淀粉酶并混匀,以糊化后干物质计,添加量为2.3U/g;保持65℃、30min进行第一次酶解,至浆液DE值达到12.5%;迅速升温至97℃、2.5min灭酶活;冷却至50℃,即完成第一次酶解。
第二次酶解的具体过程:向第一次酶解得到的黑米酶解液中加入葡萄糖淀粉酶,以黑米酶解液干物质计,添加葡萄糖淀粉酶量为10U/g;第二次酶解保持58℃、3.5hr至浆液DE值达到25%~30%;迅速升温至99℃、2min灭酶活;得到全黑米糖浆。
3、按照原料配比将桑葚全浆、全黑米糖浆以及山梨糖醇、低聚异麦芽糖分别以30%、50%、10%、10%的重量百分比混合均匀,通过胶体磨制成细腻的浆液,随后在常温下通过均质机,在均质压力18MPa下完成均质,可进一步提高浆液的细腻程度;为保持产品营养成分及风味,采用低温真空浓缩,浓缩条件为:65℃,0.75MPa,浓缩后浆液中可溶性固形物含量达到43%,得到复合果酱酱体。
4、将上述复合果酱酱体经过超高温瞬时灭菌,其中灭菌温度128℃,灭菌时间8s,随后无菌包装,即得到一种富含花色苷的低热量复合果酱成品。
实施例二
按下列步骤制备一种复合果酱:
1、取新鲜成熟的云桑2号桑葚,以流动水清洗干净,置于重量百分比浓度为0.15%的抗坏血酸溶液中浸泡3min,以提高桑葚花色苷的稳定性;再置于100℃水浴中短时烫漂65s迅速钝化其中多酚氧化酶活性,减少多酚氧化酶对花色苷的破坏作用,进一步保持桑葚花色苷的稳定性和活性;完成后再按桑葚∶水的重量比1∶1加入净化水,投入打浆机中打浆,直至成为均匀浆液,得到桑葚全浆;
2、取新鲜的龙金01黑米,加入其7.5倍重量的洁净水进行打浆,随后置于均质机中于10MPa压力下均质,得到固体物平均粒径282μm±19μm的全黑米浆液。
将得到的全黑米浆液进行二次酶解:
第一次酶解的具体过程:加热得到的上述全黑米浆液至90℃保持15min至糊化完全;冷却至60℃时添加中温α-淀粉酶并混匀,以糊化后干物质计,添加量为1.85U/g;保持60℃、40分钟进行第一次酶解,至浆液DE值达到11%;迅速升温至95℃、3min灭酶活;冷却至45℃,即完成第一次酶解。
第二次酶解的具体过程:向第一次酶解得到的黑米酶解液中加入葡萄糖淀粉酶,以黑米酶解液干物质计,添加葡萄糖淀粉酶量为8.5U/g;第二次酶解保持55℃、4hr至浆液DE值达到25.5%;迅速升温至95℃、3min灭酶活;得到全黑米糖浆。
3、按照原料配比将桑葚全浆、全黑米糖浆以及山梨糖醇、低聚异麦芽糖分别以35%、50%、5%、10%的重量百分比混合均匀,通过胶体磨制成细腻的浆液,随后在常温下通过均质机,在均质压力15MPa下完成均质,可进一步提高浆液的细腻程度;为保持产品营养成分及风味,采用低温真空浓缩,浓缩条件为:60℃,0.09MPa,浓缩后浆液中可溶性固形物含量达到41%,得到复合果酱酱体。
4、将上述复合果酱酱体经过超高温瞬时灭菌,其中灭菌温度12l℃,灭菌时间10s,随后无菌包装,即得到一种富含花色苷的低热量复合果酱成品。
实施例三
按下列步骤制备一种复合果酱:
1、取新鲜成熟的云桑2号桑葚,以流动水清洗干净,置于重量百分比浓度为0.5%的抗坏血酸溶液中浸泡1min,以提高桑葚花色苷的稳定性;再置于100℃水浴中短时烫漂90s迅速钝化其中多酚氧化酶活性,减少多酚氧化酶对花色苷的破坏作用,进一步保持桑葚花色苷的稳定性和活性;完成后再按桑葚∶水的重量比1∶1加入净化水,投入打浆机中打浆,直至成为均匀浆液,得到桑葚全浆;
2、取新鲜的龙金01黑米,加入其黑米7~10倍重量的洁净水进行打浆,随后置于均质机中于14MPa压力下均质,得到固体物平均粒径298±22μm的全黑米浆液,固体粒径较低有利于黑米浆液的酶解糖化,可缩短其酶解糖化时间,减少黑米花色苷损失。
将得到的全黑米浆液进行二次酶解:
第一次酶解的具体过程:加热得到的上述全黑米浆液至95℃保持10min至糊化完全;冷却至69℃时添加中温α-淀粉酶并混匀,以糊化后干物质计,添加量为3.0U/g;保持70℃、20分钟进行第一次酶解,至浆液DE值达到15%;迅速升温至100℃、2min灭酶活;冷却至45~55℃,即完成第一次酶解。
第二次酶解的具体过程:向第一次酶解得到的黑米酶解液中加入葡萄糖淀粉酶,以黑米酶解液干物质计,添加葡萄糖淀粉酶量为12U/g;第二次酶解保持60℃、3hr至浆液DE值达到30%;迅速升温至100℃、2min灭酶活;得到全黑米糖浆。
3、按照原料配比将桑葚全浆、全黑米糖浆以及山梨糖醇、低聚异麦芽糖分别以40%、45%、7%、8%的重量百分比混合均匀,通过胶体磨制成细腻的浆液,随后在常温下通过均质机,在均质压力20MPa下完成均质,可进一步提高浆液的细腻程度;为保持产品营养成分及风味,采用低温真空浓缩,浓缩条件为:70℃,0.06MPa,浓缩后浆液中可溶性固形物含量达到45%,得到复合果酱酱体。
4、将上述复合果酱酱体经过超高温瞬时灭菌,其中灭菌温度130℃,灭菌时间5s,随后无菌包装,即得到一种富含花色苷的低热量复合果酱成品。
实验例
采用如下对比工艺制作对照组复合果酱:取消本发明中抗坏血酸稳定化以及瞬时烫漂灭酶活的桑葚预处理、取消黑米浆液的均质前处理、并采用高温酶解工艺、采用常温浓缩和沸水浴30分钟灭菌工艺,制备得到复合果酱。采用pH示差法三次重复实验分别测定对照组以及实施例一、二、三制得复合果酱成品中花色苷含量,并计算三次平均值,具体测定结果见表1。
表1实施例一、二、三及对照组制得的复合果酱成品中花色苷含量
从表1可见,实施例一~三制得的复合果酱,由于采取了桑葚抗坏血酸稳定化及瞬时烫漂灭酶活、黑米浆液均质前处理及中低温酶解、低温真空浓缩和超高温瞬时灭菌等提高花色苷保留率的工艺,花色苷含量显著高于对照组,最低值也接近对照组的4倍。
以上实施例仅用于阐述本发明,而本发明的保护范围并非仅仅局限于以上实施例。所属技术领域的普通技术人员依据以上本发明公开的内容均可实现本发明的目的,任何基于本发明构思基础上做出的改进,均落入本发明的保护范围之内,具体保护范围以权利要求书记载的为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合果酱,其特征在于,由以下重量百分比的原料制成:桑葚全浆30~40%、全黑米糖浆40~50%、山梨糖醇5~10%、低聚异麦芽糖5~10%。
2.一种复合果酱的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:(1)按照权利要求1所述复合果酱的原料配比将桑葚全浆、全黑米糖浆以及山梨糖醇、低聚异麦芽糖混合均匀,经微磨、均质、浓缩得到复合果酱酱体;(2)将上述复合果酱酱体进行灭菌处理,再无菌包装,即得到复合果酱成品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述桑葚全浆通过以下方式获得:取新鲜成熟的桑葚清洗干净,置于抗坏血酸溶液中浸泡;再置于水浴中烫漂;再将桑葚与水进行打浆至成为均匀浆液,得到桑葚全浆。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述抗坏血酸溶液的重量百分比浓度为0.1~0.5%,在抗坏血酸溶液中浸泡时间为1~3min;所述水浴温度是100℃,烫漂时间是60~90s。
5.根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述全黑米糖浆通过以下方式获得:将黑米和水进行打浆,置于均质机中均质,得到全黑米浆液,再将全黑米浆液进行二次酶解,得到全黑米糖浆。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述黑米和水的重量比为1:7~10;均质过程中压力为10~15MPa;所述全黑米浆液中固体物平均粒径为250~350μm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二次酶解中,第一次酶解的具体过程是:加热全黑米浆液进行糊化处理,加入中温α-淀粉酶混匀进行酶解,然后迅速升温进行灭酶活处理,再冷却,得黑米酶解液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中温α-淀粉酶进行酶解过程中,中温α-淀粉酶的添加量是1.8~3.0U/g,以糊化后干物质计;酶解的温度是60~70℃,酶解时间是20~40min;酶解至浆液DE值达到10%~15%。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二次酶解中,第二次酶解的具体过程是:向经第一次酶解得到的黑米酶解液中加入葡萄糖淀粉酶进行酶解,迅速升温进行灭酶活处理,得到全黑米糖浆。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述葡萄糖淀粉酶进行酶解过程中,葡萄糖淀粉酶的添加量是8~12U/g,以第一次酶解得到的黑米酶解液干物质计;酶解的温度是55~60℃,酶解时间是3~4h;酶解至浆液DE值达到25%~30%。
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