CN110720417A - Crab breeding method - Google Patents
Crab breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110720417A CN110720417A CN201910968331.7A CN201910968331A CN110720417A CN 110720417 A CN110720417 A CN 110720417A CN 201910968331 A CN201910968331 A CN 201910968331A CN 110720417 A CN110720417 A CN 110720417A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 101
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 15
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000168525 Croton tiglium Species 0.000 claims 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 235000003784 poor nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241001448862 Croton Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000733943 Hapalogaster mertensii Species 0.000 description 2
- 101710179002 Hemolytic toxin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and particularly relates to a crab cultivation method.A feeding device used in the crab cultivation method comprises a shell, wherein a motor and a storage battery are fixed at the top end of the shell, a controller is arranged on the shell and used for controlling the feeding device to operate, a first screw rod is fixed at the output shaft end of the motor, a moving plate is rotatably connected to the surface of the first screw rod, an opening is formed in the bottom end of the shell, a baffle is fixed in the inner cavity of the shell, two second screw rods are rotatably connected to the baffle, mounting blocks are fixed at the bottom ends of the two second screw rods, and more than two blades are fixed on the side wall of each mounting block; according to the crab feeding device, the feeding device is arranged, so that the breeding pond is uniformly fed under the condition that the feeding device normally works, the feed of the breeding pond is uniformly distributed, the conditions of poor nutrition and large individual size of the crabs are avoided, and the yield and the quality of the crabs are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and particularly relates to a crab cultivation method.
Background
Crabs, which are otherwise called crabs and crustaceans, are widely distributed. It is a similar animal in biology classification to shrimp, lobster and live crab. Common crabs include hairy crabs (river crabs, hairy crabs and clean water crabs), portunids and the like. The crab body is protected by a hard shell, breathes by a gill, is symmetrical left and right, can be divided into a forehead area, an eye area, a heart area, a liver area, a stomach area, an intestine area and a gill area, two sides of the body are connected with auxiliary limbs, the auxiliary limbs of the head are called tentacles, have touch and smell functions, and some auxiliary limbs have mouth functions and are used for tearing food and delivering the food into a mouth.
The crabs are fed in a common artificial feeding mode in the breeding process, the artificial feeding easily causes uneven distribution of feed in a pond, the eating amount of the crabs is different, and therefore the phenomena of malnutrition and large individual body type difference of the crabs occur, the breeding period of the crabs is prolonged, and accordingly, the invention provides the crab breeding method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the feeding device used in the crab cultivation method comprises a floating body, a shell and other structures, when the feeding device floats on the water surface, the propeller is driven to rotate by the driving motor, so that the feeding device freely moves on the water surface, meanwhile, the motor drives the moving plate to reciprocate up and down, so that the feed between the moving plate and the baffle passes through the baffle and falls into the cultivation pond, and the cultivation pond is uniformly fed under the condition that the feeding device normally works, so that the feed distribution of the cultivation pond is uniform, the conditions of poor nutrition and large individual size of the crabs are avoided, and the yield and the quality of the crabs are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the crab breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting 3-5 mu ponds to keep the water depth at 50-70cm, cleaning the ponds by using pond cleaning medicaments, putting the pond cleaning medicaments into a feeding device, and then spreading the pond cleaning medicaments in the ponds, wherein the pond cleaning medicaments are a mixture of tea bran, bleaching powder, croton and saline-alkali water, and the pond cleaning medicaments comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of tea bran, 2-5 parts of bleaching powder, 1-3 parts of croton and 10-20 parts of saline alkali water, wherein the tea bran contains 12-18% of tea saponin which is hemolytic toxin and can dissolve red blood cells of fish, so that wild fishes, loaches, snails, mussels, frog eggs, tadpoles and a part of aquatic insects can be killed, the tea bran is high in protein content, so that the tea bran is also a high-efficiency organic fertilizer and widely applied to planting of crops and fruit trees, the effect is excellent, the fertilizer can be increased for ponds with less sludge and poor substrate, the tea bran is used as a pond cleaning medicament and has a more unique effect than other medicaments, then an oxygen increasing rod is used for increasing oxygen in water, the dissolved oxygen amount of the water in the pond is more than 7mg/L, water plants are planted in the pond, and fish fries with the length of 2-4cm are put in each mu of 3000, providing food for crabs, and stocking crab seedlings when waterweeds cover 60 percent of the area of the pond;
s2: before putting, a small amount of crab seedlings are put into water for observation so as to confirm the pond cleaning effect; if the pond is not thoroughly cleaned, putting all the crab seedlings into the pond at one time to cause a great amount of death of the crab seedlings, putting a small amount of the crab seedlings into the pond for observation, if the crab seedlings die, the pond is not thoroughly cleaned, and the pond needs to be cleaned, if the crab seedlings have no obvious change, the pond is thoroughly cleaned, and then the rest crab seedlings are put into the pond;
s3: stocking the crab seedlings, namely soaking the crab seedlings in 5% of salt solution for 3-5min before stocking to remove microorganisms on the crab seedlings, wherein stocking density is 1200 and 1500 per mu;
s4: daily management, wherein the soybean meal, the eggs and the eggshell powder mixture are fed within 10 days after stocking, and the mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of eggs and 1-3 parts of eggshell powder, wherein the eggshell powder can improve the content of calcium in water, the calcium is beneficial to the growth of crabs, the eggshell powder contains rich inorganic salts and a small amount of organic substances, and can be mixed into feed to supplement the intake of calcium of a culture and promote the growth and development of the culture, a feeding device is utilized to feed 2-5kg of feed per mu, the feed is fed for 1-2 times every day, after the breeding is carried out for 1 month, water is injected into a pond to ensure that the water depth reaches 1.2-1.8m, an oxygenation rod is used for oxygenation to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content of pond water is higher than 5mg/L, and the fed bait is changed into soybean meal: the wheat bran and the egg shell powder are mixed according to the ratio of 1.5:1:1, and the mixture is fed for 2-3 times every day, and 3-6kg of the mixture is fed for each time.
Preferably, the salinity and alkalinity of the saline-alkali water is controlled to be 3% -5%, the soaking time of the tea bran, the bleaching powder and the croton is 2-3 days, the saline-alkali water is used for soaking pool cleaning medicines, during work, if crab cultivation is carried out in saline-alkali areas, the water salinity and alkalinity of the pool is high, the effect of the pool cleaning medicines soaked by the saline-alkali water is closer to the use environment of the pool, meanwhile, the croton has an insecticidal effect, insects in the pool can be killed, and the water quality of the pool is improved.
Preferably, the feeding device used in S4 includes a casing, a motor and a storage battery are fixed at the top end of the casing, a controller is arranged on the casing, the controller is used for controlling the feeding device to operate, a first screw is fixed at the output shaft end of the motor, a movable plate is rotatably connected to the surface of the first screw, an opening is arranged at the bottom end of the casing, a baffle is fixed in the inner cavity of the casing, two second screws are rotatably connected to the baffle, a mounting block is fixed at the bottom end of each of the two second screws, more than two blades are fixed on the side wall of the mounting block, two discharge holes are arranged on the baffle, two dryers are fixed at the bottom end of the baffle, a floating body is fixed at the bottom end of the casing, a motor box is fixed at the side wall of the floating body, a driving motor is arranged in the motor box, and a propeller is fixed, the water tank is fixed at the top end of the shell, the water pump is arranged in the water tank, the water pipe leading to the inner cavity of the shell is arranged at the bottom end of the water tank, when the water tank works, crabs are fed in a common manual feeding mode in the breeding process, the artificial feeding easily causes uneven distribution of feed in a pond and causes different eating amounts of the crabs, so that the crabs have the phenomena of poor nutrition and large individual body size difference, the breeding period is prolonged, the feeding device is placed on the water surface through the arrangement of the feeding device, the feed is fed in the inner cavity of the shell, the driving motor drives the propeller to rotate under the control of the controller, the feeding device freely moves on the water surface, the motor drives the screw rod to rotate while the feeding device moves, the moving plate reciprocates up and down, the second screw rod is driven to rotate while the moving plate moves, and the cutter blade continuously rotates, when the movable plate is close to the baffle plate, the movable plate extrudes feed from the discharge hole on the baffle plate, the feed becomes strip-shaped when passing through the discharge hole, the strip-shaped feed becomes slightly dry after being dried by the dryer, the feed is cut into granules by the rotary blade and falls into the pond, the feed in a dry state is more convenient to cut, the condition of adhering the blades is avoided, a plurality of crabs can be put into the water tank at the top end of the shell, in the moving process of the feeding device, the water is pumped into the water tank at fixed points by the water pump, the pond cleaning effect of the pond is judged by observing the survival condition of the crabs, if the crabs die, the pond cleaning effect is not good, when the inner cavity of the shell is washed, water in the water tank is flushed into the shell, the movable plate moves in a matched manner, water in the shell shakes, and the shell can be washed in the water shaking process, the feed residue in the shell is cleaned up, the feeding is enabled to be automatic through the feeding device, the feeding mode of manual feeding is replaced, the feed is distributed more uniformly in the pond, the feed quantity obtained by the crabs is kept consistent, the nutrition intake of the crabs is guaranteed, and the yield and the quality of the crabs are improved.
Preferably, more than two air bags are fixed in the inner cavity of the shell, the air bags are connected with electromagnetic directional valves, the air bags are connected with more than two air cylinders through the electromagnetic directional valves, the collection mechanism is fixed in the inner cavity of the shell, the output shaft ends of the air cylinders are rotatably connected to the side walls of the collection mechanism, when the crab feeding device works, the feeding amount of the feed is increased if the feeding device moves slowly, so that the local feed is excessively fed, the feed is unevenly distributed, the crab malnutrition is easily caused, the air bags are extruded by downward movement of the movable plate through the arrangement of the collection mechanism, gas in the air bags enters the air cylinders under the control of the electromagnetic directional valves, the air cylinders drive the collection mechanism to be opened and closed, the collection mechanism adopts the principle of an iris mechanism, and the feed can be intercepted when the feed passes through the collection mechanism, the feed throughput is ensured to be uniform, so that the feed distribution in the pond is ensured to be uniform, and the yield and the quality of the crabs are effectively improved.
Preferably, the inner cavity of the shell is fixed with a nozzle, the nozzle is connected to the electromagnetic directional valve through a connecting pipe, the side wall of the shell is provided with more than two chutes, when the crab feeding device works, if feed directly falls down, the falling amount of the feed is too much, the feeding amount of the feed is different in different stages of crab feeding, when the feed is not required to be fed too much, the feeding amount of the feed needs to be controlled, through the arrangement of the chutes, in the process that the feed falls down after being cut, gas in the air bag enters the nozzle after passing through the electromagnetic directional valve, the feed sprayed out of the nozzle blows the falling feed into the chutes, at the moment, the feed rolls in the chutes, when the feed is accumulated too much in the chutes, the feed rolls down into the pond, at the moment, the motor can stop working, and after the feed accumulated in the chutes falls into the pond, the motor is started again, so that the feeding amount of the feed can be controlled, the normal intake of the crabs is ensured, the electricity can be saved, the cruising ability of the feeding device is ensured, and the feeding task can be better completed by the feeding device.
Preferably, the one end width value that the casing was kept away from to the spout is slightly littleer than being close to casing one end, and the during operation, the fodder can slowly roll and fall into the aquatic after falling into on the spout, and the one end of spout is narrower, makes the fodder more difficult when passing through narrower region, makes the transit time extension of fodder, thereby makes the input volume of fodder diminish, is applicable to the stage that the crab intake reduces, avoids being more than of fodder extravagant, also avoids producing because of the rotten problem of the too much water that leads to of fodder, has guaranteed the quality of raising of crab.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the crab breeding method, the feeding device used in the crab breeding method comprises the shell, the motor and other structures, and when pond cleaning treatment is carried out, pond cleaning medicines are uniformly thrown into the pond by the feeding device, so that the pond is cleaned more uniformly, and the survival rate of crabs is improved.
2. According to the crab breeding method, the feeding device used in the crab breeding method comprises a shell, a motor and other structures, the feeding device is driven to move on the water surface by the rotation energy of the propeller, and the feed is uniformly fed into the pond while moving, so that the crab can eat enough feed, and the growth of the crab is promoted.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a charging device for use in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of a charging device for use in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the collection mechanism;
in the figure: the device comprises a shell 1, a motor 2, a first screw 3, a moving plate 4, a baffle 5, a second screw 6, a blade 7, a dryer 8, a floating body 9, a motor box 10, a propeller 11, a water tank 12, a water pipe 13, an air bag 14, an air cylinder 15, a collecting mechanism 16, a nozzle 17, a chute 18 and a discharge hole 19.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the crab cultivation method of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1: selecting 3-5 mu ponds to keep the water depth at 50-70cm, cleaning the ponds by using pond cleaning medicaments, putting the pond cleaning medicaments into a feeding device, and then spreading the pond cleaning medicaments in the ponds, wherein the pond cleaning medicaments are a mixture of tea bran, bleaching powder, croton and saline-alkali water, and the pond cleaning medicaments comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of tea bran, 2-5 parts of bleaching powder, 1-3 parts of croton and 10-20 parts of saline alkali water, wherein the tea bran contains 12-18% of tea saponin which is hemolytic toxin and can dissolve red blood cells of fish, so that wild fishes, loaches, snails, mussels, frog eggs, tadpoles and a part of aquatic insects can be killed, the tea bran is high in protein content, so that the tea bran is also a high-efficiency organic fertilizer and widely applied to planting of crops and fruit trees, the effect is excellent, the fertilizer can be increased for ponds with less sludge and poor substrate, the tea bran is used as a pond cleaning medicament and has a more unique effect than other medicaments, then an oxygen increasing rod is used for increasing oxygen in water, the dissolved oxygen amount of the water in the pond is more than 7mg/L, water plants are planted in the pond, and fish fries with the length of 2-4cm are put in each mu of 3000, providing food for crabs, and stocking crab seedlings when waterweeds cover 60 percent of the area of the pond;
s2: before putting, a small amount of crab seedlings are put into water for observation so as to confirm the pond cleaning effect; if the pond is not thoroughly cleaned, putting all the crab seedlings into the pond at one time to cause a great amount of death of the crab seedlings, putting a small amount of the crab seedlings into the pond for observation, if the crab seedlings die, the pond is not thoroughly cleaned, and the pond needs to be cleaned, if the crab seedlings have no obvious change, the pond is thoroughly cleaned, and then the rest crab seedlings are put into the pond;
s3: stocking the crab seedlings, namely soaking the crab seedlings in 5% of salt solution for 3-5min before stocking to remove microorganisms on the crab seedlings, wherein stocking density is 1200 and 1500 per mu;
s4: daily management, wherein the soybean meal, the eggs and the eggshell powder mixture are fed within 10 days after stocking, and the mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of eggs and 1-3 parts of eggshell powder, wherein the eggshell powder can improve the content of calcium in water, the calcium is beneficial to the growth of crabs, the eggshell powder contains rich inorganic salts and a small amount of organic substances, and can be mixed into feed to supplement the intake of calcium of a culture and promote the growth and development of the culture, a feeding device is utilized to feed 2-5kg of feed per mu, the feed is fed for 1-2 times every day, after the breeding is carried out for 1 month, water is injected into a pond to ensure that the water depth reaches 1.2-1.8m, an oxygenation rod is used for oxygenation to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content of pond water is higher than 5mg/L, and the fed bait is changed into soybean meal: the wheat bran and the egg shell powder are mixed according to the ratio of 1.5:1:1, and the mixture is fed for 2-3 times every day, and 3-6kg of the mixture is fed for each time.
As a specific implementation mode of the invention, the salinity and alkalinity of the saline-alkali water is controlled to be 3% -5%, the soaking time of the tea bran, the bleaching powder and the croton is 2-3 days, the saline-alkali water is used for soaking pool cleaning drugs, when the crab culture pond is in work, if crab culture is carried out in a saline-alkali area, the water salinity and alkalinity of the pond are high, the drug effect of the pool cleaning drugs soaked by the saline-alkali water is closer to the use environment of the pond, and meanwhile, the croton has an insecticidal effect, can kill insects in the pond and improve the water quality of the pond.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the feeding device used in S4 includes a housing 1, a motor 2 and a storage battery are fixed on the top end of the housing 1, a controller is arranged on the housing 1, the controller is used for controlling the operation of the feeding device, a first screw 3 is fixed on an output shaft end of the motor 2, a moving plate 4 is rotatably connected to the surface of the first screw 3, an opening is arranged at the bottom end of the housing 1, a baffle 5 is fixed in an inner cavity of the housing 1, two second screws 6 are rotatably connected to the baffle 5, mounting blocks are fixed at the bottom ends of the two second screws 6, two or more blades 7 are fixed on the side walls of the mounting blocks, two discharging holes 19 are arranged on the baffle 5, two dryers 8 are fixed at the bottom end of the baffle 5, a floating body 9 is fixed at the bottom end of the housing 1, a motor box 10 is fixed on the side walls of the floating body 9, the crab breeding device is characterized in that a driving motor is arranged in the motor box 10, a propeller 11 is fixed at an output shaft end of the driving motor, a water tank 12 is fixed at the top end of the shell 1, a water pump is arranged in the water tank 12, a water pipe 13 leading to an inner cavity of the shell 1 is arranged at the bottom end of the water tank 12, when the crab breeding device works, the crabs are bred in a common artificial feeding mode in the breeding process, the artificial feeding easily causes uneven distribution of feed in a pond and different eating amounts of the crabs, so that the phenomena of poor nutrition and large individual body size difference of the crabs occur, the breeding period is prolonged, the feeding device is placed on the water surface through the arrangement of the feeding device, the feed is fed in the inner cavity of the shell 1, the driving motor drives the propeller 11 to rotate under the control of the controller, the feeding device freely moves on the water surface, and the motor 2 drives the screw rod to rotate, the movable plate 4 is made to reciprocate up and down, the second screw 6 is driven to rotate while the movable plate 4 moves, the blade 7 is made to rotate continuously, when the movable plate 4 is close to the baffle 5, the movable plate 4 extrudes feed out of the discharge hole 19 on the baffle 5, the feed becomes long-strip-shaped when passing through the discharge hole 19, the long-strip-shaped feed is dried by the dryer 8 and becomes slightly dry, the feed is cut into granules by the rotating blade 7 and falls into a pond, the feed in a dry state is more convenient to cut, the phenomenon of adhering the blade 7 is avoided, a plurality of crabs can be filled into the water tank 12 at the top end of the shell 1, when the feeding device moves, the water is pumped into the water tank 12 at a fixed point by the water pump, the pond cleaning effect of the pond is judged by observing the survival condition of the crabs, if the crabs die, the pond cleaning effect is not good, when the inner cavity of the shell 1 is washed, the water in the water tank 12 is flushed into the shell 1, the movable plate 4 is matched to move, water in the shell 1 rocks, the shell 1 can be flushed by the water in the process that the water rocks, feed residues in the shell 1 are cleaned up, feeding becomes automatic through the arrangement of the feeding device, the feeding mode of manual feeding is replaced, the feed is more uniform in distribution in a pond, the feed amount obtained by the crabs keeps consistent, the nutrition intake of the crabs is guaranteed, and the yield and the quality of the crabs are improved.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, two or more air bags 14 are fixed in the inner cavity of the shell 1, the air bags 14 are connected with electromagnetic directional valves, the air bags 14 are connected with two or more air cylinders 15 through the electromagnetic directional valves, a collecting mechanism 16 is fixed in the inner cavity of the shell 1, the output shaft ends of the air cylinders 15 are rotatably connected to the side walls of the collecting mechanism 16, when the feeding device moves during operation, if the moving speed is slow, the feeding amount of the feed is increased, the local feeding of the feed is excessive, the feed is unevenly distributed, and the crab malnutrition is easily caused, the air bags 14 are pressed downwards through the moving plate 4 through the arrangement of the collecting mechanism 16, so that the air in the air bags 14 enters the air cylinders 15 under the control of the electromagnetic directional valves, the air cylinders 15 drive the collecting mechanism 16 to open and close, and the collecting mechanism 16 adopts the principle of an iris mechanism, when the feed passes through the collecting mechanism 16, the feed can be intercepted, and the feed throughput is ensured to be uniform, so that the feed in the pond is ensured to be uniformly distributed, and the yield and the quality of the crabs are effectively improved.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, a nozzle 17 is fixed in an inner cavity of the housing 1, the nozzle 17 is connected to an electromagnetic directional valve through a connecting pipe, the side wall of the housing 1 is provided with more than two chutes 18, when the crab feeding device works, if feed directly falls, the falling amount of the feed is excessive, the feeding amount of the feed is different in different stages of crab feeding, when the excessive feed is not required to be fed, the feeding amount of the feed needs to be controlled, through the arrangement of the chutes 18, in the process that the feed falls after being cut, gas in the air bag 14 enters the nozzle 17 through the electromagnetic directional valve, the gas sprayed from the nozzle 17 blows the falling feed into the chutes 18, the feed rolls in the chutes 18, when the feed is excessively accumulated in the chutes 18, the feed falls into a pond, at this time, the motor 2 can stop working, and the motor 2 is restarted after the feed accumulated in the chutes 18 falls into the pond, the crab feeding device has the advantages that the feeding amount of the feed can be controlled, the normal intake of the crabs is guaranteed, meanwhile, the electricity can be saved, the cruising ability of the feeding device is guaranteed, and the feeding task can be better completed by the feeding device.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the width of the end of the chute 18 far from the shell 1 is slightly smaller than that of the end close to the shell 1, when the crab-shaped crab feeding device works, the feed slowly rolls into the water after falling into the chute 18, the end of the chute 18 is narrower, so that the feed is difficult to pass through a narrow area, the passing time of the feed is prolonged, the feeding amount of the feed is reduced, the crab feeding device is suitable for a stage of reducing the intake of crabs, the feed is prevented from being more than wasted, the problem of water body deterioration caused by excessive feed is avoided, and the feeding quality of the crabs is ensured.
When the feeding device works, the crabs are fed in a common artificial feeding mode in the breeding process, the artificial feeding easily causes uneven distribution of feed in a pond, the eating amount of the crabs is different, so that the crabs have poor nutrition and large individual size difference, the breeding period is prolonged, the feeding device is placed on the water surface through the arrangement of the feeding device, the feed is fed into the inner cavity of the shell 1 through the feed inlet preset above the feeding device, the driving motor drives the propeller 11 to rotate under the control of the controller, the feeding device freely moves on the water surface, the motor 2 drives the screw rod to rotate while the feeding device moves, the moving plate 4 is driven to reciprocate up and down, the second screw rod 6 is driven to rotate while the moving plate 4 moves, the blade 7 of the moving plate continuously rotates, when the moving plate 4 is close to the baffle 5, the moving plate 4 extrudes the feed from the discharge hole 19 on the baffle 5, when the feed passes through the discharge hole 19, the feed is in a strip shape, the strip feed is dried by the dryer 8 and then becomes slightly dry, the feed is cut into granules by the rotary blade 7 and then falls into the pond, the feed in a dry state is more convenient to cut, the condition that the blade 7 is adhered is avoided, a plurality of crabs can be put into the water tank 12 at the top end of the shell 1, in the moving process of the feeding device, the water is pumped into the water tank 12 at fixed points by the water pump, the pond cleaning effect of the pond is judged by observing the survival condition of the crabs, if the crabs die, the pond cleaning effect is not good, when the inner cavity of the shell 1 is cleaned, the water in the water tank 12 is flushed into the shell 1 and then is matched with the movement of the movable plate 4, so that the water in the shell 1 is shaken, the shell 1 can be cleaned in the water shaking process, and the feed residues in the shell 1 are cleaned up, through the setting of throwing the material device, let throw the material and become automatic, replaced the artificial feeding mode of throwing the material for the fodder distributes more evenly in the pond, makes the fodder volume that the crab obtained keep unanimous, thereby has guaranteed the nutrition intake of crab, has improved the output and the quality of crab.
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the embodiment.
Example 1
Selecting 5 ponds to keep the water depth at 50-70cm, and cleaning the ponds by using pond cleaning medicines, wherein the pond cleaning medicines comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of tea bran, 2-5 parts of bleaching powder, 1-3 parts of croton and a plurality of saline-alkali water, and different medicaments are used for observing the pond cleaning effect of the pond cleaning medicament.
Example 2
Feeding is not carried out within 10 days after stocking, and after 10 days, a mixture is fed, wherein the mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of eggs and 1-3 parts of eggshell powder, and observing the growth condition of the crabs by changing the mixture ratio of different mixtures.
Example 3
4 ponds with the same size are selected, different feed feeding modes are adopted, and the growth condition of the crabs is observed.
Table 1
Table 1 shows that the survival rate of the juvenile crabs is lower when the pond clearing medicines are used alone, and the survival rate of the juvenile crabs is greatly improved when the combined medicines are used, which indicates that the pond clearing effect of the pond clearing medicines used in combination is better than that of the pond clearing medicines used alone, and meanwhile, the efficacy of the pond clearing medicines is best when the ratio of the tea bran, the bleaching powder, the croton and the saline-alkali water is 1:2:1: 10.
Table 2
Table 2 shows that the weight of crabs fed with the feed in different proportions is changed, the crabs grow faster when the amount of eggshell powder is large, and the crabs grow fastest when the proportion of the soybean meal, the eggs and the eggshell powder is 10:2: 3.
Table 3
Table 3 shows that the yield and individual difference of crabs are large in different feeding modes, the yield and individual difference of crabs are high and small by using the feeding mode of the feeding device, and the yield and individual difference of crabs are low and large by using the artificial or other feed feeding modes.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The crab breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting 3-5 mu of pond to keep the water depth at 50-70cm, and cleaning the pond by using pond cleaning medicines, wherein the pond cleaning medicines comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of tea bran, 2-5 parts of bleaching powder, 1-3 parts of croton and 10-20 parts of saline alkali water, wherein oxygen is added into the water by using an oxygen adding rod, the dissolved oxygen amount of the water in a pond is more than 7mg/L, aquatic weeds are planted in the pond, fish fries with the length of 2-4cm are released, 3000 tails are put in the pond per mu at a dosage of 2000 and 3000 tails to provide food for crabs, and when the aquatic weeds cover 60 percent of the area of the pond, the crab fries are released;
s2: before putting, a small amount of crab seedlings are put into water for observation so as to confirm the pond cleaning effect;
s3: stocking the crab seedlings, namely soaking the crab seedlings in 5% of salt solution for 3-5min before stocking to remove microorganisms on the crab seedlings, wherein stocking density is 1200 and 1500 per mu;
s4: daily management, wherein the feed is not carried out within 10 days after stocking, and after 10 days, the feed is mixed, and the mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of eggs and 1-3 parts of egg shell powder, feeding by using a feeding device, feeding 2-5kg of feed per mu, feeding 1-2 times per day, injecting water into a pond after stocking for 1 month to ensure that the water depth reaches 1.2-1.8m, increasing the oxygen by using an oxygen increasing rod to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content of the pond water is higher than 5mg/L, changing the fed bait into soybean meal, wheat bran and egg shell powder, mixing according to a ratio of 1.5:1:1, and feeding for 2-3 times per day, 3-6kg each time.
2. The crab cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the crab cultivation method comprises the following steps: the salinity of the saline-alkali water is controlled to be 3% -5%, the soaking time of the tea bran, the bleaching powder and the croton is 2-3 days, and the saline-alkali water is used for soaking pool cleaning medicines.
3. The crab breeding method according to claim 2, wherein the crab breeding method comprises the following steps: the feeding device used in the S4 comprises a shell (1), wherein a motor (2) and a storage battery are fixed at the top end of the shell (1), a controller is arranged on the shell (1) and used for controlling the feeding device to operate, a first screw (3) is fixed at the output shaft end of the motor (2), a moving plate (4) is connected to the surface of the first screw (3) in a rotating mode, an opening is formed in the bottom end of the shell (1), a baffle (5) is fixed in the inner cavity of the shell (1), two second screws (6) are connected to the baffle (5) in a rotating mode, mounting blocks are fixed at the bottom ends of the two second screws (6), more than two blades (7) are fixed on the side wall of each mounting block, two discharge holes (19) are formed in the baffle (5), two dryers (8) are fixed at the bottom end of the baffle (5), and a floating body (9) is fixed at the bottom end of the shell (1), the side wall of body (9) is fixed with motor case (10), be equipped with driving motor (2) in motor case (10), the output shaft end of driving motor (2) is fixed with screw (11), casing (1) top is fixed with water tank (12), be equipped with the water pump in water tank (12), water tank (12) bottom is equipped with water pipe (13) that lead to casing (1) inner chamber.
4. The crab breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the crab breeding method comprises the following steps: the inner chamber of casing (1) is fixed with gasbag (14) more than two, be connected with the electromagnetic directional valve on gasbag (14), gasbag (14) are connected with cylinder (15) more than two through the electromagnetic directional valve, casing (1) inner chamber is fixed with collects (16), the output axle head of cylinder (15) is rotated and is connected on the lateral wall of collecting mechanism (16).
5. The crab cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the crab cultivation method comprises the following steps: the inner cavity of the shell (1) is fixed with a nozzle (17), the nozzle (17) is connected to the electromagnetic directional valve through a connecting pipe, and the side wall of the shell (1) is provided with more than two sliding grooves (18).
6. The crab cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein: the width value of one end of the sliding groove (18) far away from the shell (1) is slightly smaller than that of the end close to the shell (1).
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