CN110714764A - Short-distance overlying residual coal pillar pressure relief method - Google Patents
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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Abstract
A pressure relief method for covering residual coal pillar in close range includes such steps as sampling, making standard specimen in laboratory, and determining the width X of broken area in coal pillar affected by one-time mining1And the width X of the crushing zone formed by the coal pillar affected by the secondary mining2: and (3) drilling upwards at the roadway side of the side, close to the coal pillar, of the tunnel of the submerged coal seam on site, filling explosives into the drilled holes for blasting, wherein the cross section of the rest part of the coal pillar is similar to a parallelogram, and the rest part of the coal pillar is further damaged under the action of concentrated load of a top plate by utilizing the unstable property of the parallelogram, so that the whole coal pillar loses stress transfer capability, further realizes pressure relief, and ensures the recovery of a coal face in a low-stress state. The invention has scientific principle and reasonable design, adopts an operation mode of theoretically connecting with the reality, and has the advantages of strong pertinence, convenient operation, high efficiency, strong safety and reliability and good pressure relief effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal mine safety mining, and particularly relates to a short-distance overlying residual coal pillar pressure relief method.
Background
In the mining process of mine coal resources, when the number of coal seams is more than two layers, descending mining is adopted, namely: the upper coal seam is mined first, and then the lower coal seam is mined in sequence. In the mining of the upper coal seam, coal pillars with various purposes are required to be reserved due to the safety production requirement, after the upper coal seam is mined, the coal pillars are distributed at different positions of a goaf, the undamaged coal pillars form stress concentration under the action of the pressure of a top plate and are effectively transmitted to a bottom plate, if the distance between the undamaged coal pillars and an adjacent underlying coal seam is less than 20m, the coal pillars belong to a short-distance coal seam, when the underlying coal seam is mined, the concentrated stress formed by the upper coal pillars can cause the underlying coal seam to be produced under a high stress state, and the phenomena of caving, roof caving, frame pressing, ore pressure impact and the like occur, so that great potential safety hazards exist, and the safe and efficient production.
The pressure relief method of the overlying residual coal pillar comprises the following published documents: the invention patent 'a corner cut destruction method of a left coal pillar' disclosed by 9-month national intellectual property office in 2019, application number 201910443558.X, is used for destroying the corner cut of the coal pillar until the residual coal pillar is sheared and destroyed under the action of mine pressure. But the method is suitable for the situation that the width of the coal pillar is small; the invention patent published by 8 months national intellectual property office in 2019, application number 201910443568.3, discloses a method for weakening coal pillar damage of a residual coal pillar potential damage surface, and aims to realize pressure relief of a coal pillar by constructing a drill hole at the position of the coal pillar potential damage surface to enable the coal pillar to be subjected to shear damage along the layer where the drill hole is located under the action of mine pressure. However, the method is suitable for coal pillars with the width-to-height ratio of less than 1, and the pressure relief effect is slight when the width-to-height ratio is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a short-distance residual coal pillar covering pressure relief method which is suitable for large width and height of a coal pillar, convenient to operate and good in pressure relief effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a short-distance covering residual coal pillar pressure relief method comprises the following steps,
sampling through a drilling hole, and collecting a coal sample of an overlying coal bed coal pillar on site;
secondly, processing the coal sample obtained in the step one into a standard test piece in a laboratory, carrying out an angle-changing shearing experiment, and measuring the coal sampleCohesion of coal bedCAnd the internal friction angle of coal seam
；
Thirdly, according to the cohesion C and the internal friction angle of the coal sample measured in the second step
Determining the width X of the crushing zone formed by the influence of one mining in the coal pillar1：
In the formula:Mis the roadway height, m;
the lateral pressure coefficient is used as the coefficient,(ii) a K is the stress concentration coefficient; h is the buried depth of the roadway, m; c is the cohesion of the coal bed, MPa;
the angle of friction in the coal bed is degree;
fourthly, the width X of the crushing area affected by one-time mining in the coal pillar obtained by calculation according to the third step1Determining the width X of the crushing zone formed by the coal pillar affected by the secondary mining2：
The formula is as follows:
taking 1.5-3 as the coefficient of the crushing area;
(V) drilling a first drilling hole upwards from the side wall of the roadway, close to the coal pillar, of the underlying coal seam roadway to form an included angle between the first drilling hole and the horizontal direction
；
Sixthly, drilling a second drilling hole upwards from the side wall of the roadway of the lower coal seam close to the coal pillar, and enabling the second drilling hole to form an included angle with the horizontal direction
；
(seventh) placing coal mine allowable explosives into the coal overlying column section of the first drill hole and the coal overlying column section of the second drill hole, and plugging the first drill hole and the second drill hole by using water stemming;
(eighth) detonating allowable explosives in the first drill hole and the second drill hole, and caving the coal pillar in a crushing area affected by secondary mining, a part of the coal pillar which is required to be caved and separated on the side affected by the primary mining and the crushing area affected by the primary mining to a goaf, and separating the coal pillar from the rest part of the coal pillar;
and (ninthly), the cross section of the rest part of the coal pillar is similar to a parallelogram, the cross section of the rest part of the coal pillar is further damaged under the action of concentrated load of a top plate by utilizing the unstable property of the parallelogram, the whole coal pillar loses the stress transfer capability, the pressure relief is further realized, and the coal face is guaranteed to be mined in a low-stress state.
In the step (V), the distance W from the position of the first drilling final hole to the edge of the goaf1=X1+1。
In the step (V), the included angle between the first drilling hole and the horizontal direction is less than or equal to 30 degrees
≤50°。
In the step (VI), the second drilling hole enters the position of the overlying coal pillar interface from the stope face roof rock layer to the distance W from the goaf edge2=X2+1。
In the sixth step, the angle between the second drilling hole and the horizontal direction is included
≤55°。
And (seventhly), setting the length of the coal mine permitted explosive in the step (seven) to be L1 of the length of the first drilling hole in the coal pillar and L2 of the length of the second drilling hole in the coal pillar.
And (seventhly), plugging the first drill hole and the second drill hole by using water stemming, wherein the plugging length is more than 2 m.
The ratio of the length W3 of the upper edge to the length W4 of the lower edge of the cross section of the rest part of the coal pillar in the step (nine) is
。
By adopting the technical scheme, the drilling position is determined by formula calculation in a laboratory after sampling on site, then the coal bodies on two sides of the residual wide coal pillar are collapsed by adopting a blasting mode on site, the cross section of the rest part of the coal pillar is approximately parallelogram, the strength of the part of the coal body is weakened by blasting, and the collapse is further destroyed and collapsed under the action of the pressure of the top plate by utilizing the instability of the parallelogram, so that the aim of pressure relief is fulfilled. The invention has scientific principle and reasonable design, adopts an operation mode of theoretically connecting with the reality, and has the advantages of strong pertinence, convenient operation, high efficiency, strong safety and reliability and good pressure relief effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the residual coal pillars and the underlying coal and roadway;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the residual coal pillar of FIG. 1;
the reference numbers in the figures are respectively: 1-a bottom coal seam stope face; 2-underlying coal seam roadway; 3-the coal pillar is affected by secondary mining to break the area; 4-the coal pillar is influenced by the secondary mining and the side needs to be collapsed and separated; 5-the coal pillar is influenced by one mining and the side needs to be collapsed and separated; 6-the coal pillar is affected by one mining to break the area; 7-a first bore; 8-second drilling; 9-the remainder of the coal pillar; 10-first borehole termination location; and 11, enabling the second drilling hole to enter the position of the overlying coal pillar interface from the stope face roof rock layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pressure relief method for the close-range overlying residual coal pillar comprises the following steps,
sampling through a drilling hole, and collecting a coal sample of an overlying coal bed coal pillar on site;
processing the coal sample obtained in the step (I) into a standard test piece in a laboratory, carrying out a variable-angle shearing experiment, and measuring the coal bed cohesion of the coal sampleCAnd the internal friction angle of coal seam
；
Thirdly, according to the cohesion C and the internal friction angle of the coal sample measured in the second step
Determining the width X of the crushing zone 6 formed in the coal pillar under the influence of one mining1：
In the formula:Mis the roadway height, m;
the lateral pressure coefficient is used as the coefficient,
(ii) a K is the stress concentration coefficient; h is the buried depth of the roadway, m; c is the cohesion of the coal bed, MPa;
the angle of friction in the coal bed is degree;
fourthly, the width X of the crushing area 6 affected by one-time mining in the coal pillar obtained by calculation according to the third step1Determining the width X of the crushing zone 3 formed by the pillar affected by the secondary mining2：
The formula is as follows:
taking 1.5-3 as the coefficient of the crushing area;
(V) drilling a first drill hole 7 upwards from the side wall of the roadway 2 of the underlying coal seam close to the coal pillar, so that an included angle is formed between the first drill hole 7 and the horizontal direction
；
Sixthly, drilling a second drill hole 8 upwards from the side wall of the roadway 2 of the underlying coal seam close to the coal pillar, and enabling the second drill hole 8 to form an included angle with the horizontal direction；
(seventh) placing coal mine allowable explosives into the coal overlying column section of the first drill hole 7 and the coal overlying column section of the second drill hole 8, and plugging the first drill hole 7 and the second drill hole 8 by using water stemming;
(eighth) detonating the coal mine allowed explosives in the first drill hole 7 and the second drill hole 8, and caving the coal pillar from the secondary mining influenced crushing area 3, the part of the coal pillar which is required to be caved and separated at the side influenced by the secondary mining, the part of the coal pillar which is required to be caved and separated at the side influenced by the primary mining and the coal pillar from the primary mining influenced crushing area 6 to the goaf, and separating the coal pillar from the rest part 9 of the coal pillar;
the cross section of the rest part 9 of the coal pillar is approximate to a parallelogram, the unstable property of the parallelogram is utilized, the cross section is further destroyed under the action of concentrated load of a top plate, the whole coal pillar loses stress transfer capability, pressure relief is further realized, and the coal face 1 is guaranteed to be mined under a low stress state.
In the step (V)Distance W from the final hole position 10 of the first drilled hole 7 to the gob edge1=X1+1。
In the step (V), the included angle between the first drilling hole 7 and the horizontal direction is more than or equal to 30 degrees
≤50°。
In the step (VI), the second drilling hole 8 enters the position 11 of the overlying coal pillar interface from the top rock layer of the stope face 1 to the distance W from the edge of the goaf2=X2+1。
In the sixth step, the second drilling hole 8 forms an included angle with the horizontal direction
≤55°。
And (seventhly), setting the length of the coal mine permitted explosive in the step (seven) to be the length L1 of the first drilling hole 7 in the coal pillar and the length L2 of the second drilling hole 8 in the coal pillar.
And (seventhly), plugging the first drill hole 7 and the second drill hole 8 by using water stemming, wherein the plugging length is more than 2 m.
The ratio of the upper edge length W3 to the lower edge length W4 of the cross section of the rest part 9 of the coal pillar in the step (nine) is
。
The following is a specific example of the actual operation performed for a coal mine:
the width of the residual coal pillar in the No. 2.3 coal seam of a certain coal mine is 16m, the height of the residual coal pillar is 4.57m, the thickness of the underlying No. 4 coal seam is 3.05m, the distance between the No. 2.3 coal seam and the No. 4 coal seam is 10m, the coal seam belongs to a short-distance coal seam, and the distance between the right side edge of the overlying residual coal pillar and the left side edge of the underlying coal seam is 10 m.
Sampling through a drilling hole, and collecting 5 coal samples of an overlying coal seam on site;
(II) processing the coal sample obtained in the step (I) into 6 standard test pieces in a laboratory, carrying out a variable angle shearing experiment, and measuring the cohesion of the coal sample
Internal friction angle of coal seam；
Thirdly, according to the cohesion C and the internal friction angle of the coal sample measured in the second stepDetermining the width X of the crushing zone 6 formed in the coal pillar under the influence of one mining1：
Wherein: height of coal pillar on the topM=4.57 m; coal bed poisson ratio
Coefficient of lateral pressure(ii) a Taking 2 as the concentration coefficient K; the buried depth H of the roadway is 140 m; volume weight of roof strata
Take 25KN/m3. The width of the crushing zone 6 formed by the coal pillar affected by one mining is calculated to be 0.83m through a formula and is determined to be X1=1m。
Fourthly, the width X of the crushing area 6 affected by one-time mining in the coal pillar obtained by calculation according to the third step1Determining the width X of the crushing zone 3 formed by the pillar affected by the secondary mining2：
Due to the lower strength of the coal bed, in the formula
Taking 3;
(V) drilling a first drilling hole 7 upwards from the top corner of the roadway on one side, close to the coal pillar, of the roadway 2 of the underlying coal seam to form an included angle between the first drilling hole 7 and the horizontal direction
The included angle between the first drilling hole 7 and the horizontal direction is more than or equal to 30 degrees
The temperature is less than or equal to 50 degrees.
Distance W from final hole position 10 of first drill hole 7 to goaf edge1=X1+1=1+1=2m。
Sixthly, a second drilling hole 8 is drilled upwards from the position, close to one side roadway side of the coal pillar, of the roadway 2 of the underlying coal seam and 1m away from the bottom plate, so that an included angle formed between the second drilling hole 8 and the horizontal direction is formed
In accordance with the angle between the second bore hole 8 and the horizontal
The temperature is less than or equal to 55 degrees.
The distance W from the position 11 of the top rock layer of the stope face 1 entering the overlying coal pillar interface to the edge of the goaf of the second drilling hole 82=X2+1=3+1=4m。
And (seventh) placing coal mine allowable explosive into the coal overlying column section of the first drilling hole 7 and the coal overlying column section of the second drilling hole 8, and plugging the first drilling hole 7 and the second drilling hole 8 by using water stemming, wherein the length of the coal mine allowable explosive is L1=6.14m in the coal pillar of the first drilling hole 7, the length of the second drilling hole 8 is L2=5.4m in the coal pillar, and the length of the plugging of the first drilling hole 7 and the second drilling hole 8 by using the water stemming is 3 m.
(eighth), the coal mine allowable explosives in the first drill hole 7 and the second drill hole 8 are detonated, the coal pillar is subjected to secondary mining influence and is crushed in the crushing area 3, the part, needing to be crushed, of the coal pillar, which is influenced by secondary mining influence, is crushed in the crushing area 5, which is influenced by primary mining influence, of the coal pillar, and the crushing area 6, needing to be crushed, of the coal pillar, which is influenced by primary mining influence, are crushed in the goaf, and are separated from the rest part 9 of the coal pillar. Residual coal pillarThe ratio of the upper side length W3=6.91m to the lower side length W4=6.08m of the cross section of the rest part 9 is 1.14, which is in accordance with
The requirements of (1).
The cross section of the rest part 9 of the coal pillar is approximate to a parallelogram, the cross section of the rest part is further damaged under the action of concentrated load of a top plate by utilizing the unstable property of the parallelogram, the whole coal pillar loses the stress transfer capability, so that the pressure relief is realized, the abnormal stress phenomenon does not occur below the upper residual coal pillar in the recovery process of the underlying coal face 1, and the safe operation of the underlying coal face is ensured.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A short-distance overlying residual coal pillar pressure relief method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
sampling through a drilling hole, and collecting a coal sample of an overlying coal bed coal pillar on site;
processing the coal sample obtained in the step (I) into a standard test piece in a laboratory, carrying out a variable-angle shearing experiment, and measuring the coal bed cohesion of the coal sampleCAnd the internal friction angle of coal seam
；
Thirdly, according to the measured cohesion C and internal friction angle of the coal sample
Determining the width X of a crushing zone (6) formed in the coal pillar under the influence of one mining1：
In the formula:Mis the roadway height, m;
the lateral pressure coefficient is used as the coefficient,
(ii) a K is the stress concentration coefficient; h is the buried depth of the roadway, m; c is the cohesion of the coal bed, MPa;the angle of friction in the coal bed is degree;
fourthly, calculating the width X of the crushing area (6) affected by one-time mining in the coal pillar obtained according to the third step1Determining the width X of the crushing zone (3) formed by the coal pillar affected by the secondary mining2：
The formula is as follows:
taking 1.5-3 as the coefficient of the crushing area;
(V) drilling a first drilling hole (7) upwards from the side wall of the roadway (2) of the underlying coal seam close to the coal pillar, so that an included angle between the first drilling hole (7) and the horizontal direction is formed
；
Sixthly, a second drilling hole (8) is drilled upwards from the side wall of the roadway (2) of the underlying coal seam close to the coal pillar, so that an included angle between the second drilling hole (8) and the horizontal direction is formed
；
Seventh, coal mine allowable explosive is placed into the coal overlying column section of the first drill hole (7) and the coal overlying column section of the second drill hole (8), and the first drill hole (7) and the second drill hole (8) are sealed by water stemming;
(eighth) detonating allowable explosives in the coal mine in the first drill hole (7) and the second drill hole (8), and caving the coal pillar from the secondary mining influence crushing area (3), the part of the coal pillar which is influenced by the secondary mining and needs to be caved and separated, the part of the coal pillar which is influenced by the primary mining and needs to be caved and separated (5) and the coal pillar which is influenced by the primary mining influence crushing area (6) to the goaf, and separating the coal pillar from the rest part (9) of the coal pillar;
the cross section of the rest part (9) of the coal pillar is approximate to a parallelogram, the unstable property of the parallelogram is utilized, the cross section is further destroyed under the action of concentrated load of a top plate, the whole coal pillar loses stress transfer capability, pressure relief is further realized, and the coal face (1) is guaranteed to be mined under a low stress state.
2. The method for releasing pressure of the closely-covered residual coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure releasing method comprises the following steps: in the step (V), the distance W from the final hole position (10) of the first drilling hole (7) to the edge of the goaf1=X1+1。
3. The method for releasing pressure of the closely-covered residual coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure releasing method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, the included angle between the first drilling hole (7) and the horizontal direction is more than or equal to 30 degrees≤50°。
4. The method for releasing pressure of the closely-covered residual coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure releasing method comprises the following steps: in the step (VI), the second drilling hole (8) enters the position (11) where the overlying coal pillar interface is located from the top rock layer of the stope working face (1) to the distance W from the edge of the goaf2=X2+1。
5. The method for releasing pressure of the closely-covered residual coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure releasing method comprises the following steps: in the step (VI), the included angle between the second drilling hole (8) and the horizontal direction
≤55°。
6. The method for releasing pressure of the closely-covered residual coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure releasing method comprises the following steps: and (seventhly), setting the length of the coal mine permitted explosive in the step (seven) to be L1 of the length of the first drilling hole (7) in the coal pillar and L2 of the length of the second drilling hole (8) in the coal pillar.
7. The method for releasing pressure of the closely-covered residual coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure releasing method comprises the following steps: and (seventhly), blocking the first drill hole (7) and the second drill hole (8) by using water stemming, wherein the blocking length is more than 2 m.
8. The method for releasing pressure of the closely-covered residual coal pillar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure releasing method comprises the following steps: the ratio of the upper side length W3 to the lower side length W4 of the cross section of the rest part (9) of the coal pillar in the step (nine) is
。
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| CN111636869A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-09-08 | 华北科技学院 | Roadway protection structure and method for gob-side roadway |
| CN111927453A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for recovering coal resources of upper adjacent layer and weakening stress concentration of coal resources |
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