CN110130895A - It is a kind of to weaken the coal column destruction methods for leaving coal column Latent destruction face - Google Patents
It is a kind of to weaken the coal column destruction methods for leaving coal column Latent destruction face Download PDFInfo
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- CN110130895A CN110130895A CN201910443568.3A CN201910443568A CN110130895A CN 110130895 A CN110130895 A CN 110130895A CN 201910443568 A CN201910443568 A CN 201910443568A CN 110130895 A CN110130895 A CN 110130895A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
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- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to coal mine fields, the coal column destruction methods in coal column Latent destruction face are left more particularly to a kind of reduction, the following steps are included: leaving coal column core-drilling to upper layer, core is processed into the test specimen of ratio of height to diameter identical as coal column is left, carry out uniaxial compression test, confirm whether its failure mode meets failure by shear form, if so, entering in next step；Different angle shearing testing is carried out to test specimen, measures its internal friction angleφ, and the angle α of the failure mechanics of calculation testing piece and support pressure；According to test specimen measurement result and coal column and lower heading parameter are left, calculates position and the length of reduction drilling；The starting point for weakening drilling is lower heading on the side wall of coal column side, and the centroid of coal column is left described in the reduction drilling process；According to calculated result, it is drilled with reduction drilling, makes to leave coal column and realizes destruction under action of underground.The present invention can reduce critical intensity needed for coal column destroys, and reduce technical difficulty.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal mine fields, and in particular to and it is a kind of to weaken the coal column destruction methods for leaving coal column Latent destruction face,
It carries out the reduction of Latent destruction face by leaving coal column to top, carries out realizing that coal column destroys under Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure.
Background technique
Due to being limited by factors such as mining level, appointed condition and geologic(al) factors, during seam mining, stays and set
A large amount of all kinds of coal columns are used to roof supporting, heading in protection, it is ensured that keep the safety in production.These coal columns will be left permanently in
Underground can not produce, and cause a large amount of wastes of resource.Importantly, the presence of coal column will lead to stress concentration, under causing
Seam mining mine pressure shows exception, the accidents such as Yi Fasheng pressure rack, roof fall, bump.Also lower coal seam protection coal pillar can be increased
Size of pillar reduces the rate of extraction, further waste of resource.
Present resource is increasingly depleted, and energy supply day is becoming tight, and coal is as good non-renewable resources, as far as possible
Influence of the coal column to exploitation is reduced, the rate of extraction is improved, reducing accident rate is urgent problem.For this problem,
Experts and scholars and engineers and technicians have done a large amount of fruitful work, and achieve better effects.For example, passing through dynamiter
Section, hydraulic fracturing, supercritical CO2The methods of presplitting, low temperature liquid nitrogen presplitting destroy upper pillar, and playing, which reduces coal column, answers
The lower purpose that seam mining accident reduces and pillar size reduces is realized in the effect that power is concentrated.But these methods do not utilize
The effect of mine pressure, more without being designed for coal column failure mode, feature, so causing implementation result undesirable.Tool
Body surface is present:
(1) at high cost.Existing method does not make full use of roof and floor to the active force of coal column, only by increase explosive, fracturing fluid,
The dosage of low temperature liquid nitrogen realizes the Integral-crushing of coal column, causes coal column destruction material requested dosage excessive, increases cost.
(2) technical difficulty is big.Do not handled according to the failure mode of coal column and damage feature.Prior art means are
Coal column globality, which is destroyed, by external force increases technical difficulty so needing larger external force that could destroy coal column.
(3) safety is low, effect is poor.The prior art does not consider that factors above, leads to the easy goaf pneumatosis explosion of explosion,
There are larger security risks；And in hydraulic fracturing process, fracturing liquid easily passes through coal column crack and flows into goaf, and execution is very
Difference.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, technical problem to be solved are as follows: provides a kind of by reduction coal
The coal column destruction methods in column Latent destruction face improve resource recovery to reduce lower seam mining accident rate.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: coal column Latent destruction is left in a kind of reduction
The coal column destruction methods in face, comprising the following steps:
S1, coal column core-drilling is left to upper layer, core is processed into the test specimen of ratio of height to diameter identical as coal column is left, carry out uniaxial
Compression test, confirms whether its failure mode meets failure by shear form, if so, entering in next step；
S2, different angle shearing testing is carried out to test specimen, measures its internal friction angleφ, and the failure mechanics of calculation testing piece and support pressure
Angle α；
S3, according to test specimen measurement result and coal column and lower heading parameter are left, calculates position and the length of reduction drilling；
The starting point of the reduction drilling is lower heading on the side wall of coal column side, and leaves coal described in reduction drilling process
The centroid of column；
S4, according to calculated result, be drilled with the reduction drilling, leave coal column in action of underground after making to be drilled with reduction drilling
Lower realization destroys.
In the step S2, the calculation formula of the angle α of the failure mechanics and support pressure of test specimen are as follows:
α=(45°-0.5φ)。
In the step S3, the position of drilling and the calculation formula of length are weakened are as follows:
c 1=(H-0.5d)/tanα-0.5a-h；
L=(H-0.5d)/sinα；
Wherein,c 1To weaken the initial position of drilling to the distance of lower roof；LFor reduction drilling initial position to leaving
The length of coal column centroid；HFor leave coal column centroid to lower heading centroid horizontal distance；aFor the height for leaving coal column；b
For the width for leaving coal column；cWithdRespectively descend the height and width of heading；hFor hanging down for coal column bottom plate and lower roof
Away from；αFor the angle of failure mechanics under Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure and support pressure.
In the step S3, further comprising the steps of before calculating the position and length that reduction drills: coal column is left in calculating
Whether meet condition with lower heading parameter:
(0.5a+h)*tanα+0.5d<H< (0.5a+h+c)*tanα+0.5d；
Wherein,aFor the height for leaving coal column；HFor leave coal column centroid to lower heading centroid horizontal distance；cWithdRespectively
For the height and width of lower heading；hFor coal column bottom plate and lower roof hang down away from；αTo be destroyed under Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure
The angle in face and support pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The present invention does not need additional technical measures, simple that the broken of coal column can be realized by the support pressure acted on coal column
It is bad, mine pressure is taken full advantage of, materials'use amount is reduced, reduces costs.
The present invention leaves coal column Latent destruction face by reduction, reduces critical intensity needed for coal column destroys, and does not have to whole broken
Bad coal column, to reduce technical difficulty.
Mining method exploitation coal column is worn compared to explosion, the present invention realizes coal column by the reduction to coal column Latent destruction face
It destroys, with high security, the good feature of effect.Eliminate the security risk of goaf pneumatosis explosion；It solves and uses waterpower
When fracturing process, fracturing liquid easily passes through coal column crack and flows into goaf, the very poor problem of execution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section for leaving coal column Yu lower coal mining roadway positional relationship.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section for calculating position distance of top plate into lower heading of reduction drilling.
Fig. 3 is the section partial enlarged view for calculating position distance of top plate into lower heading of reduction drilling.
Fig. 4 is coal column destruction schematic diagram after the reduction of Latent destruction face.
In figure: 1, lower coal seam；2, coal column is left；3, upper roof；4, upper heading；5, lower coal mining roadway；
6, reduction drilling.
Specific embodiment
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is a part of the embodiments of the present invention, without
It is whole embodiments；Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not before making creative work
Every other embodiment obtained is put, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides the coal column destruction methods that coal column Latent destruction face is left in a kind of reduction, occurrence conditions
Leave coal column 2 to exist above lower coal seam 1, leave coal column 2 be used to support roof 3, heading 4 in protection, and
It leaves 2 two sides of coal column and has gas, CO etc. is toxic, pernicious gas.The coal column of the present embodiment destroys, and is that exploration is bright to leave coal mending
Staying for column 2 set shape, size, leaves hanging down between the bottom plate of coal column 2 and the top plate in lower coal seam 1 arrives down away from, the centroid of leaving coal column 2
It the distance of 5 centroid of coal mining roadway and leaves that 2 two sides of coal column are toxic, after pernicious gas, 2 cylindrical drill of coal is left to upper coal seam and takes rock
Core carries out uniaxial compression test after core to be processed into the test specimen of ratio of height to diameter identical as coal column, determines whether its failure mode accords with
Failure by shear form is closed, such as meets the form, then carries out different angle shearing testing, measure internal friction angleφ, calculate support pressure
Act on the angle α of lower failure mechanics and support pressure；According to angle α, in lower coal mining roadway 5, suitable reduction is selected to bore
The position in hole 6 and bore angle, to realize the reduction to 2 plane of fracture of coal column is left, the coal column 2 of leaving after reduction is pressed in mine
It will be destroyed along source-sink activity under power effect.
On the basis of the embodiment above:
As shown in Figure 1, the occurrence condition of its method is to exist to leave coal column 2 above lower coal seam 1, it is used to support coal seam
Top plate 3 and upper heading 4 is protected, and leave coal column two sides and have gas, CO etc. is toxic, pernicious gas.The preservation of coal is more
Using coal seam group as main feature, generally successively exploit from top to bottom, the coal column of leaving of the above seam mining largely exist.Upper coal
After layer exploitation, there are a large amount of gas in the goaf that it leaves coal column two sides, CO etc. is toxic, pernicious gas.
The present invention, which is suitable for leaving staying for coal column, sets shape as cuboid or cube, it is necessary first to leave coal to upper coal seam
2 core-drilling of column, it is contemplated that ratio of height to diameter to leaving 2 failure mode of coal column with larger impact, so core must be processed into
After the test specimen of the identical ratio of height to diameter of coal column, then uniaxial compression test is carried out, determines whether its failure mode meets from the angle of experiment
Failure by shear form；Such as meet the form, then carries out different angle shearing testing, measure internal friction angleφ, calculate support pressure work
With the failure mechanics of lower ratio of height to diameter test specimen identical as coal column 2 is left and the angle α of support pressure, calculation formula is as follows:
α=(45°-0.5φ)；(1)
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, in conjunction with actual condition, start to be drilled with reduction drilling 6 in lower coal mining roadway, then weaken drilling
6 starting point is lower heading 5 on the side wall of coal column side, and the shape of coal column 2 is left described in 6 process of reduction drilling
The heart；
Angle α is obtained according to experimental result and formula (1), the position and length of suitable reduction drilling are calculated, calculated
Formula is as follows:
c 1=(H-0.5d)/tanα-0.5a-h；(2)
L=(H-0.5d)/sinα；(3)
In formula:c 1For the distance of position top plate into lower heading 5 of reduction drilling 6；LFor reduction 6 plagioclases of drilling；HTo lose
Stay 2 centroid of coal column to the horizontal distance of lower 5 centroid of heading；aFor the height for leaving coal column 2；B is the width for leaving coal column 2；cWithdIt is respectively the height and width of lower heading 5；hFor leave 2 bottom plate of coal column and lower roof hang down away from；α is branch
Bearing capacity acts on the angle of lower failure mechanics and support pressure.
In view of the initial position of reduction drilling 6 should be between lower seam roof and bottom plate, the reduction is bored
The position in hole 6 and calculating formula of length need to meet the following conditions:
(0.5a+h) * tan α+0.5d < H < (0.5a+h+c) * tan α+0.5d (4)
By above-mentioned formula be calculated as a result, in lower heading 5 to leave coal column center direction drill, realize pair
The reduction of 2 source-sink activity of coal column is left in lower 5 oblique upper of coal mining roadway, so that the coal column 2 of leaving after reduction is pressed in mine
It will be destroyed along source-sink activity under power effect, as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment:
The height a and width b that certain mine rectangle leaves coal column 2 distinguish 3m and 5m, and the height c and width d of lower coal mining roadway 5 divide
Not Wei 3m and 4.5m, leave between the bottom plate of coal column 2 and the top plate in lower coal seam 1 hang down away from h be 20m, leave 2 centroid of coal column to lower coal
The horizontal distance H of layer 5 centroid of stope drift active workings is 15m.
2 core-drilling of coal column is left to upper coal seam, it is contemplated that ratio of height to diameter has larger shadow to 2 failure mode of coal column is left
It rings, thus after core must be processed into the test specimen of ratio of height to diameter identical as coal column, then uniaxial compression test is carried out, from the angle of experiment
Determine that its failure mode meets failure by shear form；Further progress different angle shearing testing, measures internal friction angleφ=30°；According to
Formula (1) calculates the angle of the failure mechanics of ratio of height to diameter test specimen identical as coal column 2 is left and support pressure under Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure
α=(45°-0.5φ)=30°。
In order to guarantee that the coal column plane of fracture is left in reduction, so that coal column will be left under action of underground along source-sink activity
It destroys.It is calculated as follows using calculation formula (2) ~ (3):
c 1=(H-0.5d)/tanα-0.5a-h=0.58m；
L=(H-0.5d)/sinα=25.5m；
According to the position of the reduction drilling and calculating formula of length (4), the following conditions are also needed to meet:
(0.5a+h) * tan α+0.5d < H < (0.5a+h+c) * tan α+0.5d；
It brings the mine relevant parameter into above formula, can obtain:
14.6 (m) < H < 16.4m；
By verifying, which leaves 2 centroid of coal column to horizontal distance H=15m of lower 5 centroid of coal mining roadway, meets the present invention
The applicable elements of the method.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of weaken the coal column destruction methods for leaving coal column Latent destruction face, which comprises the following steps:
S1, coal column core-drilling is left to upper layer, core is processed into the test specimen of ratio of height to diameter identical as coal column is left, carry out uniaxial
Compression test, confirms whether its failure mode meets failure by shear form, if so, entering in next step；
S2, different angle shearing testing is carried out to test specimen, measures its internal friction angleφ, and the failure mechanics of calculation testing piece and support pressure
Angle α；
S3, according to test specimen measurement result and coal column (2) and lower heading (5) parameter are left, calculates the position of reduction drilling (6)
It sets and length；The starting point of the reduction drilling (6) is lower heading (5) on the side wall of coal column side, and the reduction is bored
The centroid of coal column (2) is left described in the process of hole (6)；
S4, according to calculated result, be drilled with the reduction drilling (6), leave coal column (2) in mine after making to be drilled with reduction drilling (6)
Lower realize of mountain pressure effect is destroyed.
2. the coal column destruction methods that coal column Latent destruction face is left in a kind of reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step S2, the calculation formula of the angle α of the failure mechanics and support pressure of test specimen are as follows:
α=(45°-0.5φ)。
3. the coal column destruction methods that coal column Latent destruction face is left in a kind of reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step S3, the position of reduction drilling (6) and the calculation formula of length are as follows:
c 1=(H-0.5d)/tanα-0.5a-h；
L=(H-0.5d)/sinα；
Wherein,c 1To weaken the initial position of drilling (6) to the distance of lower roof；LFor the initial position of reduction drilling (6)
To the length for leaving coal column (2) centroid；HFor leave coal column (2) centroid to lower heading centroid horizontal distance；aTo leave
The height of coal column；bFor the width for leaving coal column；cWithdRespectively descend the height and width of heading (5)；hFor coal column bottom plate
With lower roof hang down away from；αFor the angle of failure mechanics under Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure and support pressure.
4. the coal column destruction methods that coal column Latent destruction face is left in a kind of reduction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step S3, calculate reduction drilling (6) position and length before it is further comprising the steps of: calculating leave coal column (2) and
Whether lower heading (5) parameter meets condition:
(0.5a+h)*tanα+0.5d<H< (0.5a+h+c)*tanα+0.5d；
Wherein,aFor the height for leaving coal column；HFor leave coal column (2) centroid to lower heading centroid horizontal distance；cWithd
Respectively descend the height and width of heading (5)；hFor coal column bottom plate and lower roof hang down away from；αFor Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure
The angle of lower failure mechanics and support pressure.
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