CN113446004A - Perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting lateral roof and trend roof of coal mine roadway - Google Patents
Perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting lateral roof and trend roof of coal mine roadway Download PDFInfo
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- CN113446004A CN113446004A CN202110823553.7A CN202110823553A CN113446004A CN 113446004 A CN113446004 A CN 113446004A CN 202110823553 A CN202110823553 A CN 202110823553A CN 113446004 A CN113446004 A CN 113446004A
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- roof
- roadway
- coal mine
- splitting
- top plate
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention relates to a perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting a lateral roof and a trend roof of a coal mine roadway, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1) designing a series of drill holes on a top plate of the roadway along the direction of the roadway; 2) for any one of the drill holes, determining the number and the positions of target hard rock stratums according to the lithology and the thickness of the top plate in the drill hole, cutting a crack in each target rock stratum of the drill hole to form a prefabricated crack, and then carrying out directional expansion operation on the prefabricated crack; 3) and repeating the step 2) until the construction, the cutting and the directional expansion of all the drilled holes are completed, and realizing the simultaneous pre-splitting of the lateral roof and the heading roof of the coal mine roadway. The invention has the advantages of large roof cutting range, good effect, accuracy and controllability, can effectively reduce the trend of a coal mine stoping roadway and the overhang length of a lateral roof, reduces the disaster risks of roadway mine pressure, rock burst and the like, and has important popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety mining, in particular to a perforation arrangement method, and particularly relates to a perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting a lateral roof and a trend roof of a coal mine roadway.
Background
The hard top plate is generally difficult to collapse in time in the coal mining process, a large-area suspended roof is easy to form, and when the hard top plate is suddenly broken, a large amount of energy is released instantly, so that roadway damage, equipment damage and even personnel casualties are caused, and the safety production of a coal mine is seriously threatened. Therefore, the weakening of the hard roof is critical to disaster control of the coal mine roof.
At present, the most common methods for weakening the hard roof mainly comprise blasting top breaking and hydraulic fracturing, but the length of a crack generated by conventional blasting is small, and the purpose of directional top breaking cannot be realized, and the conventional hydraulic fracturing also has the defects that the crack expansion direction cannot be controlled, the crack surface is difficult to expand along the direction of the best weakened roof, and the pressure relief effect is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting lateral roofs and trend roofs of a coal mine roadway, which can remarkably improve the action range of blasting or hydraulic fracturing, is accurate and controllable in roof cutting direction, large in pressure relief range and good in effect, and has important popularization and application values.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting lateral roofs and trend roofs of coal mine roadways comprises the following steps:
1) designing a series of drill holes on a top plate of the roadway along the trend of the roadway (namely the length direction of the roadway);
2) for any one of the drill holes, determining the number and the positions of target hard rock stratums according to the lithology and the thickness of the top plate in the drill hole, cutting a crack in each target rock stratum of the drill hole to form a prefabricated crack, and then carrying out directional expansion operation on the prefabricated crack;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the construction, the cutting and the directional expansion of all the drilled holes are completed, and realizing the simultaneous pre-splitting of the lateral roof and the heading roof of the coal mine roadway.
Preferably, in the step 1), when the tunnel roof is provided with the drill holes along the direction of the tunnel, the included angle between each drill hole and the tunnel roof is generally 0-45 °.
Preferably, in the step 1), the interval of the series of drill holes on the top plate of the roadway is generally 10-20 m.
Preferably, in step 2), for any one of the drill holes, the method for forming the preformed fracture in the drill hole according to the lithology and thickness of the top plate in the drill hole and then performing the operation of directional expansion on the preformed fracture comprises the following steps:
2.1) drilling holes in the top plate of the roadway;
2.2) determining the number and the positions of target hard rock stratums according to the lithology and the thickness of the top plate in the drill hole, and determining the cutting positions of all the target rock stratums;
2.3) cutting each target rock stratum in the drill hole according to the determined cutting joint position, so that a prefabricated crack is formed at each target rock stratum in the drill hole;
and 2.4) directionally expanding the prefabricated cracks in each target rock stratum to realize the pre-cracking of the lateral top plate and the trend top plate at the drilling hole.
Preferably, in the step 2.2), the thickness of the target rock formation is more than 5.0m, and the unidirectional compressive strength is not lower than 60 MPa.
Preferably, in the step 2.3), the preformed fracture formed at each target rock stratum comprises a strike fracture and an inclined fracture, wherein the strike fracture refers to a fracture with the fracture depth direction parallel to the roadway length direction (i.e. the strike direction); the inclined cracks are cracks with the crack depth direction vertical to the roadway length direction.
Preferably, in the step 2.3), a water jet system is adopted when each target rock stratum in the drill hole is subjected to lancing; the jet flow flowing out of the water jet system is abrasive mixed water containing quartz sand or pomegranate sand, and the cutting pressure is 30-80 MPa.
Preferably, in the step 2.4), when directional propagation is performed on the preformed fracture in each target rock formation, a blasting mode or a hydraulic fracturing mode is adopted.
Preferably, when the roadway roof is directionally expanded along the prefabricated cracks by adopting a blasting mode, firstly, the explosives are arranged at all the prefabricated cracks in the target stratum, and the hole sealing is carried out between the explosive loading section and the drilling hole by adopting stemming, so that the roadway roof is expanded along the prefabricated cracks in the drilling hole by blasting.
Preferably, when the roadway roof is directionally expanded along the prefabricated cracks in a hydraulic fracturing mode, the packers are sequentially adopted to seal each prefabricated crack of a target rock stratum in a drill hole, so that a closed space is formed in a hole sealing section, high-pressure water is continuously injected into the closed space, and the prefabricated cracks are expanded under the action of the water pressure.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: according to the invention, a series of roof drilling operations are carried out in the roadway according to the design, and the jet blasting or hydraulic fracturing operations are carried out, so that the roadway roof forms an ultra-long prefabricated fracture surface along the trend and the trend, the thick and hard roof can be effectively weakened, the roof pressure during the mining of the working face is reduced, and the occurrence of disasters of strong mine pressure and even rock burst is avoided. The invention has the advantages of large roof cutting range, good effect, accuracy and controllability, can effectively reduce the trend of a coal mine stoping roadway and the overhang length of a lateral roof, reduces the disaster risks of roadway mine pressure, rock burst and the like, and has important popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a perforation arrangement for simultaneously pre-splitting a lateral roof and a strike roof of a coal mine roadway provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the effect of lancing in a hole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are as follows:
1. cutting eyes; 2. an air return roadway; 3. a haulage roadway; 4. drilling a top plate; 5. a hard top plate; 6. cutting a seam section; 7. a crack 1; 8. and (4) a crack 2.
Detailed Description
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a perforation arrangement method for pre-splitting a lateral roof and a trend roof of a coal mine roadway simultaneously. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a perforation arrangement method for pre-splitting a lateral roof and a trend roof of a coal mine roadway at the same time. By implementing a series of drilling holes in the roadway and operating according to the method, the hard top plate can form a weakened surface along the trend and the inclination direction of the roadway, and when the hard top plate is under the action of mine pressure during the mining of a working face, the hard top plate can be timely collapsed along the weakened surface, so that the trend of the roadway and the pressure of the inclined top plate can be simultaneously reduced, and then the strong mine pressure display and even rock burst disasters can be remarkably reduced or even eliminated. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1) designing a series of top plate drill holes on a top plate of the roadway along the trend of the roadway (namely the length direction of the roadway);
2) for any one of the drill holes, determining the number and the positions of target hard rock stratums according to the lithology and the thickness of the top plate in the drill hole, cutting a crack in each target rock stratum of the drill hole to form a prefabricated crack, and then carrying out directional expansion operation on the prefabricated crack;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the construction, the cutting and the directional expansion of all the drilled holes are completed, and realizing the simultaneous pre-splitting of the lateral roof and the heading roof of the coal mine roadway.
Preferably, in the step 1), when the drill holes are arranged on the roadway roof along the roadway direction, the included angle between each drill hole and the roadway roof is generally 0-45 °.
Preferably, in the step 1), the interval of the series of drill holes on the top plate of the roadway is generally 10-20 m.
Preferably, in step 2), for any one of the boreholes, the method for forming the pre-fabricated fracture in the borehole according to the lithology and thickness of the roof in the borehole and then performing the directional propagation operation on the pre-fabricated fracture comprises the following steps:
2.1) drilling holes in the top plate of the roadway;
2.2) determining the number and the positions of target hard rock stratums according to the lithology and the thickness of the top plate in the drill hole, and determining the cutting positions of all the target rock stratums;
2.3) cutting each target rock stratum in the drill hole according to the determined cutting joint position, so that a prefabricated crack is formed at each target rock stratum in the drill hole;
and 2.4) directionally expanding the prefabricated cracks in each target rock stratum to realize the pre-cracking of the lateral top plate and the trend top plate at the drilling hole.
Preferably, in the step 2.2), the thickness of the target rock formation is generally more than 5.0m, and the unidirectional compressive strength is not lower than 60 MPa.
Preferably, in the step 2.3), the preformed fracture formed at each target rock stratum comprises a strike fracture and an inclined fracture, wherein the strike fracture refers to a fracture with a fracture depth direction parallel (or approximately parallel) to the roadway length direction, and the inclined fracture refers to a fracture with a fracture depth direction vertical (or approximately vertical) to the roadway length direction.
Preferably, in the step 2.3), a water jet system may be used for cutting the target rock formations in the drill hole. Wherein the jet flow flowing out of the water jet system is preferably abrasive mixed water containing quartz sand or pomegranate sand, and the slitting pressure is generally 30-80 MPa.
Preferably, in the step 2.4), when directional propagation is performed on the preformed fracture in each target rock formation, a blasting method or a hydraulic fracturing method may be adopted.
Preferably, when the tunnel roof is directionally expanded along the prefabricated cracks by adopting a blasting mode, firstly, the explosives are arranged in all the prefabricated crack sections in each target rock stratum, the hole sealing is carried out between the explosive loading sections and the drill hole openings by adopting stemming, and the tunnel roof is expanded along the prefabricated cracks in the drill holes through the huge blasting impact force.
Preferably, when the roadway roof is directionally expanded along the prefabricated cracks in a hydraulic fracturing mode, the packers are sequentially adopted to seal each prefabricated crack section, so that a closed space is formed in the hole sealing section, and the prefabricated cracks are expanded under the action of water pressure by continuously injecting high-pressure water into the closed space. The pressure of the high-pressure water is usually 20 to 40 MPa.
Example 1
The method for arranging the perforations for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the heading roof of the coal mine roadway is further described by the embodiment. Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the working face is pushed forwards from the hole cutting, before mining, two roadways (namely, a return air roadway and a haulage roadway) need to be subjected to top cutting treatment to reduce the pressure of a top plate in the mining process and ensure safe production, in the embodiment, the return air roadway is only taken as an example for description, in the embodiment, the distance between drill holes is designed to be 20m, the included angle between the drill holes and the roadway top plate is 0 degree (namely, the vertical roadway top plate), and the target rock stratum to be pre-cracked is 1 layer, and the rock stratum is located 15-30m above the roadway top plate.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) drilling holes in a No. 1 top plate in a return air crossheading construction within a preset distance away from a hole to be cut, wherein the hole depth of the No. 1 drilling hole is 30m and is perpendicular to a roadway top plate, a hard top plate is arranged at a distance of 15-30m from an orifice, and advanced top cutting treatment needs to be carried out.
2) And (3) performing water jet lancing on the drilled hole 15-30m by using a water jet system, so that two ultra-deep prefabricated cracks parallel to the axis of the drilled hole are formed in the drilled hole, as shown in figure 4. Wherein, the crack 1 is a trend crack which is parallel to the trend of the roadway and points to the direction of the hole cutting, and the crack 2 is a trend crack which is vertical to the trend of the roadway and points to the direction of the working face (namely the inner side of the roadway).
3) Expanding the prefabricated crack by adopting a blasting or hydraulic fracturing mode, comprising the following steps:
when the blast is adopted to carry out the expansion of the prefabricated crack, the 15-30m sections of the drill hole are charged, the 0-15m sections are sealed, and the tunnel top plate is expanded along the prefabricated crack in the drill hole through the huge impact force of the blast.
When the hydraulic fracturing is adopted for carrying out the prefabricated crack expansion, the hole packer is placed 15m away from the hole opening (for example, the hole packer is arranged at the position of 15-16 m), after the hole packer is used for sealing, a hole 15-30m is a sealed space, high-pressure water is continuously injected into the space, and the prefabricated crack is expanded under the action of water pressure.
4) And repeating the steps until the construction and blasting of the 2#, 3#, and n # drilling holes are completed.
5) The working face self-cutting hole starts to advance to mine coal resources, the influence of the lateral top plate on the return air tunnel can be effectively eliminated due to the existence of the trend crack, the top plate is orderly broken along the direction of the prefabricated crack in the working face advancing process, the influence of the hard top plate of the working face on the return air tunnel is greatly reduced, and therefore the mine pressure of the tunnel and even the damage of rock burst can be obviously reduced.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting a lateral roof and a trend roof of a coal mine roadway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) designing a series of drill holes on a top plate of the roadway along the direction of the roadway;
2) for any one of the drill holes, determining the number and the positions of target hard rock stratums according to the lithology and the thickness of the top plate in the drill hole, cutting a crack in each target rock stratum of the drill hole to form a prefabricated crack, and then carrying out directional expansion operation on the prefabricated crack;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the construction, the cutting and the directional expansion of all the drilled holes are completed, and realizing the simultaneous pre-splitting of the lateral roof and the heading roof of the coal mine roadway.
2. The perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the strike roof of the coal mine roadway according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), when the roadway roof arranges the boreholes along the roadway strike, the included angle between each borehole and the roadway roof is 0-45 degrees.
3. The method of perforating a lateral roof and a strike roof of a pre-split coal mine roadway simultaneously as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step 1) the series of boreholes in the roadway roof are spaced at intervals of 10-20 m.
4. The perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the heading roof of the coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), for any one of the boreholes, a pre-fabricated fracture is formed in the borehole according to the lithology and the thickness of the roof in the borehole, and then the pre-fabricated fracture is subjected to the operation of directional expansion, the method comprises the following steps:
2.1) drilling holes in the top plate of the roadway;
2.2) determining the number and the positions of target hard rock stratums according to the lithology and the thickness of the top plate in the drill hole, and determining the cutting positions of all the target rock stratums;
2.3) cutting each target rock stratum in the drill hole according to the determined cutting joint position, so that a prefabricated crack is formed at each target rock stratum in the drill hole;
and 2.4) directionally expanding the prefabricated cracks in each target rock stratum to realize the pre-cracking of the lateral top plate and the trend top plate at the drilling hole.
5. The perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the strike roof of the coal mine roadway according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2.2), the thickness of the target rock stratum is more than 5.0m, and the unidirectional compressive strength is not lower than 60 MPa.
6. The perforation placement method for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the strike roof of the coal mine roadway according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2.3), the pre-fabricated fractures formed at each target rock stratum comprise strike fractures and dip fractures, and the strike fractures refer to fractures with the depth direction of the fractures parallel to the length direction of the roadway; the inclined cracks are cracks with the crack depth direction vertical to the roadway length direction.
7. The perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the trend roof of the coal mine roadway according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2.3), a water jet system is adopted when each target rock stratum in the drilled hole is subjected to lancing; the jet flow flowing out of the water jet system is abrasive mixed water containing quartz sand or pomegranate sand, and the cutting pressure is 30-80 MPa.
8. The perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the strike roof of the coal mine roadway according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2.4), a blasting mode or a hydraulic fracturing mode is adopted when directional expansion is carried out on the pre-fabricated cracks in each target rock stratum.
9. The perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the heading roof of the coal mine tunnel according to claim 8, wherein when the tunnel roof is directionally expanded along the pre-fabricated cracks by adopting a blasting method, firstly, explosives are arranged at all the pre-fabricated cracks in the target rock stratum, and hole sealing is carried out between an explosive loading section and a drilling hole by adopting stemming, so that the tunnel roof is expanded along the pre-fabricated cracks in the drilling hole by blasting.
10. The perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting the lateral roof and the heading roof of the coal mine tunnel according to claim 8, wherein when the tunnel roof is directionally expanded along the pre-fabricated cracks by means of hydraulic fracturing, each pre-fabricated crack of the target rock stratum in the drilled hole is sequentially sealed by using packers, so that a closed space is formed in the sealing section, and the pre-fabricated cracks are expanded by means of hydraulic action through continuously injecting high-pressure water into the closed space.
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| CN202110823553.7A CN113446004A (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2021-07-21 | Perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting lateral roof and trend roof of coal mine roadway |
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| CN202110823553.7A CN113446004A (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2021-07-21 | Perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting lateral roof and trend roof of coal mine roadway |
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