CN110696379A - 一种用于热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接方法 - Google Patents
一种用于热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光‑胶接复合连接方法,步骤如下:热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光‑胶接复合连接过程中选用的热塑性复合材料是碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料(CFRTP),尺寸为100mm×25mm×2.0mm,铝合金为6061铝镁合金,热处理状态为T6态;先对铝合金表面进行喷砂处理,对复材搭接表面进行机械打磨处理;清洗待焊板材然后在单搭接区域内分别在两块板材的表面上涂敷胶粘剂;采用激光束辐照单搭接结构中铝合金的上表面,焊接后胶层固化,即完成激光‑胶接复合连接。本发明采用激光‑胶接复合连接技术对热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构进行连接,获得综合性能优良的接头。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接方法,属于热塑性复合材料与铝合金异种材料焊接技术领域。
背景技术
碳纤维增强热塑复合材料(CFRTP)以热塑性树脂为基体,具有加热软化、冷却硬化等特性。近几年来,热塑复合材料因具有韧性好、成型周期短、成本低和减重效果明显等一系列优点,在航空航天领域得到了逐步应用和广泛关注。由于6061铝合金既能满足航空航天轻量化的设计理念,又能满足核心部件的力学性能要求,该类铝合金在航空航天领域得到广泛的应用。
激光焊接技术是目前一种较为先进的连接技术,激光具有能量密度高、焊接速度快、热输入小、柔性好等特点。激光焊接技术在航空、航天以及汽车生产领域应用非常广泛,但是,激光焊接接头的耐疲劳性能较差。由于胶接接头拥有良好的综合力学性能,所以经过多年的发展,胶接技术已成为材料连接中的一项重要技术。目前,胶接技术已经广泛应用于很多领域,如航空、航天和汽车行业;运输机、直升机、导弹外壳、宇宙飞船探测器等的许多部件,甚至是承重部件的生产都在使用胶接技术。
与激光焊接接头相比,胶接接头应力分布均匀,不仅绝缘耐腐蚀,而且抗疲劳性能好,适合不同板厚,不同材料的工件连接。但是胶接接头抗剥离性能差,在大气环境中老化寿命短。所以将激光与胶接结合起来,获得的激光-胶接复合连接接头可以增加接头的疲劳寿命、老化寿命,同时解决接头应力集中和抗剥离强度低等缺点,提高了构件的可靠性。
将激光焊接技术与胶接技术相复合,即激光-胶接复合连接技术。激光焊接深宽比大,但是焊点尺寸较小,特别是在低频载荷作用下,焊点疲劳性能较差,寿命较短。而胶接接头具有优良的疲劳性能,但是抗剥离强度低、耐热性差、胶层老化寿命短。将两种连接工艺有机结合起来,综合上述两项连接工艺的优点,并能克服它们各自的缺点,获得综合性能优良的接头;而且胶合材料无需导电,同时胶层的失效区域减小,利用率上升,扩大了胶接区域,因而是热塑复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构连接的最佳选择。
发明内容
1.一种用于热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接方法,其特征在于激光-胶接复合连接方法如下:一、利用喷砂机对铝合金表面进行喷砂处理;二、采用机械打磨的表面处理方法对复材连接表面进行打磨处理;三、将经过步骤一处理的铝合金板材和CFRTP板材放入超声清洗机中进行表面清洗以去除表面的污染物;四、在经过步骤三清洗后待焊铝合金及CFRTP板材连接面上涂敷厚度为0.05mm~0.2mm胶黏剂,然后将CFRTP和6061铝合金待焊板材在压力为15N的条件下搭接,在单搭接结构中铝合金置于CFRTP复合材料的上方,并在铝合金下方垫上与CFRTP板材等厚的垫片,垫片的作用是在激光连接过程中支撑上方的铝合金板材;五、利用激光束对步骤四得到的单搭接结构中铝合金上面进行辐照,采用多道激光摆动焊接技术对铝合金表面进行扫描,并且不同的道次所采用焊接工艺参数是一致的,CFRTP/6061铝合金激光连接功率范围为1000-2000W,焊接速度为0.005-0.03m/s,激光频率设置为200Hz,离焦量为18mm,摆动幅度为2mm,获得焊接后CFRTP/6061单搭接结构;六、焊接后6061铝合金与CFRTP板材间的胶层在常温下发生固化,即完成激光-胶接复合连接。
2.本发明激光-胶接复合连接技术的基本原理是通过控制激光在铝合金板材表面上的热输入,激光辐照铝合金表面的热量传导至CFRTP/6061A1的连接区域使得胶层发生分解,通过控制激光加热区域胶层的分解量,以达到控制焊接质量的目的。即在焊接区域首先施加一定范围功率的激光,当激光热输入较小时,激光作用区域的胶层少量分解产生少量气体。并且这部分的气体在周围压强的作用下,会向四周发生扩散,进一步减少激光作用区域的胶层含量,并通过铝合金和CFRTP板材单搭接结构的间隙进行排气。本试验采用激光摆动焊接方法,激光束在单搭接区域铝合金上表面扫描多次,形成多道的焊缝以增大结合面积。采用本方法焊接后形成的接头,焊缝无明显裂纹、气孔,表面无明显塌陷,成形良好。显微组织分析表明固化后的胶层区域有气泡的存在,证明这种方法可以将胶层区域受热分解的气体外排出来,减少其对铝合金和热塑复合材料激光连接接头力学性能的影响。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供的一种用于热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接方法,使焊后的CFRTP与6061铝合金单搭接结构焊缝成型良好,无明显裂纹、变形等缺陷,并且焊接过程中焊缝稳定性良好。本发明工艺实现了CFRTP与6061铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接,综合激光焊接和胶接连接工艺的优点,并能克服各自的缺点,获得综合力学性能优良的接头,为提高CFRTP与6061铝合金单搭接结构焊接接头的力学性能、改善激光焊接焊后变形奠定了基础。
附图说明
图1是热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接原理图;
图1中编号表示:11-6061铝合金;12-CFRTP;13-胶黏剂;14-上夹具;15-激光束;16-下夹具;17-垫片。
图2是热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接实物图;
图2中编号表示:21-CFRTP;22-6061铝合金。23-焊缝;24-胶黏剂。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种用于热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接方法,为使本发明的目的、效果及技术方案更加鲜明,参照附图并对照实例对本发明进行详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式,还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式中激光-胶接复合连接方法如下:一、利用喷砂机对铝合金表面进行喷砂处理;二、采用机械打磨的表面处理方法对复材连接表面进行打磨处理;三、将经过步骤一处理的铝合金板材和CFRTP板材放入超声清洗机中进行表面清洗以去除表面的污染物;四、在经过步骤三清洗后待焊铝合金及CFRTP板材连接面上涂敷厚度为0.05mm~0.2mm胶黏剂,然后将CFRTP和6061铝合金待焊板材在压力为15N的条件下搭接,在单搭接结构中铝合金置于CFRTP复合材料的上方,并在铝合金下方垫上与CFRTP板材等厚的垫片,垫片的作用是在激光连接过程中支撑上方的铝合金板材;五、利用激光束对步骤四得到的单搭接结构中铝合金上面进行辐照,采用多道激光摆动焊接技术对铝合金表面进行扫描,并且不同的道次所采用焊接工艺参数是一致的,CFRTP/6061铝合金激光连接功率范围为1000-2000W,焊接速度为0.005-0.03m/s,激光频率设置为200Hz,离焦量为18mm,摆动幅度为2mm,获得焊接后CFRTP/6061单搭接结构;六、焊接后6061铝合金与CFRTP板材间的胶层在常温下发生固化,即完成激光-胶接复合连接。
具体实施方式二:焊前分别对CFRTP复合材料表面和铝合金表面进行超声波清洗,将待焊接试样置于盛有适量丙酮的烧杯中,并将烧杯放于超声波清洗槽中,清洗时间为20min,随后将试样置于烘干炉中进行烘干处理,保温温度为80℃,保温时间为2h。
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤一中所述的铝合金为6061铝镁合金板材,厚度为2mm,热处理状态为T6态,尺寸为100mm×25mm×2.0mm,其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤二中所述的复材为CFRTP热塑复合材料,其它与具体实施方式一相同。本实施方式中所述的CFRTP板材整体厚度2mm,铺层厚度0.2mm,碳纤维种类为T300,铺层角度是±45,0/90且尺寸为100mm×25mm×2.0mm。
具体实施方式五:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤四中所述连接面上涂敷的胶黏剂厚度为0.1mm,搭接区域的尺寸为12.5×25mm,其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式六:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤五中所述激光功率为1500W,焊接速度为0.015m/s,其它与具体实施方式一相同。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下还可以作出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于热塑性复合材料与铝合金单搭接结构的激光-胶接复合连接方法,其特征在于激光-胶接复合连接方法如下:一、利用喷砂机对铝合金表面进行喷砂处理;二、采用机械打磨的表面处理方法对复材连接表面进行打磨处理;三、将经过步骤一处理的铝合金板材和CFRTP板材放入超声清洗机中进行表面清洗以去除表面的污染物;四、在经过步骤三清洗后待焊铝合金及CFRTP板材连接面上涂敷厚度为0.05mm~0.2mm胶黏剂,然后将CFRTP和6061铝合金待焊板材在压力为15N的条件下搭接,在单搭接结构中铝合金置于CFRTP复合材料的上方,并在铝合金下方垫上与CFRTP板材等厚的垫片,垫片的作用是在激光连接过程中支撑上方的铝合金板材;五、利用激光束对步骤四得到的单搭接结构中铝合金上表面进行辐照,采用多道激光摆动焊接技术对铝合金表面进行扫描,并且不同的道次所采用焊接工艺参数是一致的,CFRTP/6061铝合金激光连接功率范围为1000-2000W,焊接速度为0.005-0.03m/s,激光频率设置为200Hz,离焦量为18mm,摆动幅度为2mm,获得焊接后CFRTP/6061单搭接结构;六、焊接后6061铝合金与CFRTP板材间的胶层在常温下发生固化,即完成激光-胶接复合连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述激光-胶接复合连接方法,其特征在于:步骤一中所述的铝合金板材为T6态的6061铝镁合金板材,厚度为2mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的激光-胶接复合连接方法,其特征在于:步骤二中所述热塑性复合材料是碳纤维增强热塑复合材料(CFRTP),尺寸为100mm×25mm×2.0mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的激光-胶接复合连接方法,其特征在于:步骤三中所述的超声清洗过程是在超声波清洗槽中倒入适量的丙酮,采用超声波清洗的方式清除复合材料和6061铝合金表面的油污和杂质,焊前使用酒精擦拭、清洗试样表面,去除残余污染物以确保试样表面清洁。
5.根据权利要求1所述的激光-胶接复合连接方法,其特征在于:步骤四中在清洗后待焊铝合金及CFRTP板材连接面上涂敷厚度为0.1mm胶黏剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的激光-胶接复合连接方法,其特征在于:步骤五中采用的激光工艺参数组合为激光功率1500W,焊接速度为0.015m/s,激光频率为200Hz,离焦量为18mm,摆动幅度为2mm。
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