CN110693921A - 一种人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法和应用,该制备方法包括:选取桑黄菌株桑都1号,采用自然林下仿野生袋料栽培方法,当子实体由黄色变成褐色或深褐色时采收,即得桑黄子实体;将桑黄子实体经过粉碎得到粉体,用乙醇水溶液浸泡,回流提取,将提取液减压浓缩至无乙醇味,真空干燥,得到人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物。本发明提取物可以改善和缓解高尿酸血症小鼠的肾脏损伤,增加尿酸排泄,且作用温和,副作用少,可以用于制备口服的防治高尿酸血症和痛风的药物和保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及桑黄子实体的提取物领域,具体涉及一种人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法和在防治高尿酸血症和痛风方面的新用途。
背景技术
痛风系属代谢性疾病范畴,是生物机体内嘌呤类物质代谢紊乱或肾脏尿酸排泄减少从而导致尿酸盐沉积引起的一系列炎症反应。当血清中尿酸升高至超饱和状态时则由细胞外液沉积于关节、关节周围组织及器官,引起一组痛风综合征(包括痛风石、尿酸性肾结石、痛风性关节炎和痛风肾病)。据统计,全球痛风的总发病率为0.06‰–2.68‰。在我国痛风已成为仅次于糖尿病的第二大类疾病,且发病年龄出现低龄化趋势。目前对痛风的治疗途径主要通过抑制尿酸过量生成、促进尿酸排泄来降低高尿酸血症的发病几率,以及抑制炎症细胞因子等方面。临床治疗痛风的化学药物起效虽快,但不良反应发生较多,如在2000-2015年收集114例别嘌醇所致不良反应,以皮肤损害和消化系统损害为主,预后造成13例死亡,95例经停药对症治疗后好转。其他如非布司他、苯溴马隆、秋水仙碱等均有不同程度的毒副作用,包括肾脏损伤和中枢神经系统毒性等,并且发生几率高。因此寻找新的给药策略迫在眉睫。
桑黄又名桑臣、桑耳、桑黄菇,隶属担子菌亚门Basidiomyeotina、层菌纲Hymenomyeetes、非褶菌目Aphyllophorales、多孔菌科Polyporaeeae、针层孔菌属Phellinus,是一类药用真菌,主要寄生于桑、柳、杨、栎、山楂等阔叶树的树干、树桩或倒木上,多年生,有“森林黄金”之美称。桑黄在我国主要分布于东北、华北、西北、西南等地区,有7个桑黄类群。而在浙江有1个桑黄类群即桑黄纤孔菌,学名为Inonotus sanghuang,野外仅生长在桑属(Morus)植物的树干上,几近绝迹。由于野生桑黄生长周期长、数量少,导致野生桑黄供不应求、价格高昂。与欧盟、日韩等一些国家相比,我国对于桑黄产品的开发与利用技术仍存在较大差距。桑黄子实体活性成分多样,主要药用成分是黄酮、多糖、吡喃酮和三萜类,具有抗肿瘤、增强机体免疫、抗氧化、消炎、降血糖血脂、抗肺炎等药理学功能,但未见用于治疗痛风和高尿酸血症的报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法和应用,该提取物用于制备防治高尿酸血症和痛风的药物和保健品。
本发明技术方案:
一种人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)选取桑黄菌株桑都1号,学名为桑黄Inonotus sanghuang,采用自然林下仿野生袋料栽培方法,当子实体由黄色变成褐色或深褐色时采收,即得桑黄子实体;
2)将步骤1)得到的桑黄子实体经过粉碎得到粉体,用乙醇水溶液浸泡,回流提取,将提取液减压浓缩至无乙醇味,真空干燥,得到人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物。
步骤1)中,桑黄菌株桑都1号为桑黄母种,该菌株于2014年03月07日在中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心(CGCMCC)保藏,保藏编号为CGCMCC No.8854,分类命名为桑黄Inonotus sanghuang,该菌株已在中国专利ZL 201410477690.X中公开。
步骤2)中,所述的乙醇水溶液的体积百分数为60%~80%。进一步优选,所述的乙醇水溶液的体积百分数为65%~75%(最优选的为70%)。
所述的粉体与乙醇水溶液的用量之比为20g:300mL~800mL,进一步优选为20g:400mL~600mL,最优选为20g:500mL。
用乙醇水溶液浸泡0.2~1h,进一步优选,用乙醇水溶液浸泡0.5h。
所述的真空干燥的温度为50℃~70℃,进一步优选为55℃~65℃,最优选的为60℃。
所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物的新用途:所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物可以用于痛风和高尿酸血症的预防和治疗的药物(即抗痛风和高尿酸血症药物)和防治高尿酸血症和痛风的保健品的制备。
人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物口服有效,可以口服给药。即所述的痛风和高尿酸血症的预防和治疗的药物和保健品为口服用药。
人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物降尿酸作用与抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶有关。
人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物推荐的人用剂量范围为5.5~148.5mg/kg,其余为药学上可接受的载体。
药物或保健品是以人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物为主要活性物质的药物组合物,还包含药学领域可接受的辅料,是任何药用剂型。
通过研究发现:人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物(40~160μg/mL)体外显著减轻尿酸钠引起的细胞损伤,提高细胞存活率。体内研究表明该提取物具有较强的降尿酸作用,灌胃给予150mg/kg剂量的桑黄子实体提取物即可明显降低氧嗪酸钾诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠的血清尿酸水平和肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,且对肾脏无损伤;小鼠灌胃给药20.0g/kg,无一例动物死亡,未见明显毒副作用,可用于制备口服的抗痛风和高尿酸血症的药物或保健品,为改善目前痛风药物副作用大的现象提供了新的方向。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
经过研究我们发现人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物具有明显降尿酸作用。体外细胞实验表明桑黄子实体提取物对尿酸钠诱导的细胞损伤具有较强的保护作用;灌胃给药150mg/kg剂量桑黄子实体提取物即可明显降低氧嗪酸钾诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠的血清尿酸和肌酐水平以及肝脏中的黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,同时对小鼠体重没有影响,说明本发明可以改善和缓解高尿酸血症小鼠的肾脏损伤,增加尿酸排泄,且作用温和,副作用少,可以用于制备口服的防治高尿酸血症和痛风的药物和保健品。
本发明首次将人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物应用到抗痛风和高尿酸血症药物的制备,与临床一线黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂别嘌呤醇相比,活性虽然弱于别嘌醇,但毒性低于别嘌醇(小鼠口服LD50为700mg/kg),本提取物最大耐受量大于20.0g/kg,相当于药效学有效剂量的100倍。
附图说明
图1是桑黄子实体提取物对尿酸钠诱导细胞存活率的影响比较图;
图2是桑黄子实体提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠体重的影响比较图;
图3是桑黄子实体提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平的影响比较图;
图4是桑黄子实体提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠血清肌酐水平的影响比较图;
图5是桑黄子实体提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响比较图;
图6是桑黄子实体提取物对正常小鼠体重的影响比较图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及人工栽培桑黄子实体,采用桑黄菌株桑都1号为桑黄母种,该菌株于2014年03月07日在中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心(CGCMCC)保藏,保藏编号为CGCMCCNo.8854,分类命名为桑黄Inonotus sanghuang,该菌株已在中国专利ZL 201410477690.X中公开。采用自然林下仿野生袋料桑黄栽培方法(已在中国专利201711469522.6中公开),选择适宜的林地和相应的菌种制作、菌棒生产、林地种植的时间,当桑黄子实体由黄色变成褐色或深褐色时采收。
实施例1:人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物制备
取桑黄子实体200g,置摇摆式粉碎机中粉碎成中粉,混合均匀。取20g,置于圆底烧瓶中,加入体积百分数70%乙醇水溶液500mL,浸泡0.5h,回流提取1h,滤过,收集滤液,用体积百分数70%乙醇100mL洗涤滤渣,合并滤液,置于旋转蒸发器中回收乙醇至无醇味,真空干燥(60℃),得5.12g桑黄子实体提取物。
实施例2:人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物对尿酸钠诱导细胞存活率的影响
将人脐静脉内皮细胞在培养瓶中培养至对数生长期后,胰蛋白酶消化,离心,重悬后,细胞计数,并配制成细胞密度为8×104个/mL的细胞悬液,100μL接种到96孔培养板上,放入CO2培养箱中培养24h。之后,取出培养板,弃去旧培养液,按如下分组加入培养液:正常对照组,尿酸钠组(150μg/mL),尿酸钠+不同剂量桑黄子实体提取物组(10,20,40,80,160和320μg/mL),每组设6个平行孔,在培养箱中孵育24h后,20μL5mg/mL的MTT,继续孵育4h。弃培养液,加入150μL DMSO,室温低速震荡溶解10min,于酶标仪570nm处检测OD值,进行统计分析。细胞存活率按以下公式计算:细胞活力(%)=(A给药组/A正常组)×100%。
结果表明,如图1所示,150μg/mL尿酸钠处理后,细胞存活率显著降低,与正常对照组相比,有统计学差异(P<0.01),提示细胞痛风模型成功。与尿酸钠组比,同时给予40,80和160μg/mL桑黄子实体提取物可明显提高细胞存活率(P<0.05,P<0.01)。提示桑黄子实体提取物对尿酸钠诱导的细胞损伤,具有保护作用。
实施例3:人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物对氧嗪酸钾诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠的降尿酸作用
将60只雄性ICR小鼠(体重18-22g)适应性喂养一周后,随机分为6组:正常对照组,高尿酸血症模型组,桑黄子实体提取物450、150和50mg/kg剂量组和阳性对照组别嘌呤醇10mg/kg。受试药物用0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(0.5%CMC-Na)配成适宜浓度,各组每日上午定时进行灌胃给药,连续7天,并在第1,4、7d对小鼠称重记录,结果图2所示。于第7d,除正常组外,其余各组在末次给药前0.5h腹腔注射氧嗪酸钾盐350mg/kg,造成小鼠高尿酸血症模型,正常对照组腹腔注射等量0.5%CMC-Na。
注射0.5h后,各组小鼠按照给药方法灌胃给药,0.5h后,摘眼球取血,离心(3000rpm,10min)分离血清后,按照试剂盒说明测定其血清尿酸和肌酐水平。结果如图3,图4所示。
处死小鼠,取各组小鼠的肝脏样本,加入4℃预冷的生理盐水,按照质量比1:9的比例制成10%的肝组织匀浆,离心取上清液。再用部分上清液加入9倍0.9%生理盐水配成1%肝组织匀浆。分别按照试剂盒说明书测定10%肝组织匀浆中黄嘌呤氧化酶的OD值和1%肝组织匀浆中总蛋白含量。计算黄嘌呤氧化酶的相对活力。结果如图5所示。
使用GraphPad prism 8.0对数据进行统计分析。所有数据表示为mean±SD,并通过单因素方差分析进行分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)的用以下符号表示:与正常组对照组对照有差异:*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与高尿酸血症模型组有差异:#P<0.05,##P<0.01;与别嘌呤醇组对照有差异,△P<0.05,△△P<0.01。
血尿酸是评价降尿酸效果的直接指标。结果表明:各组小鼠在实验过程体重正常升高,无明显差异。与正常对照组相比,腹腔注射氧嗪酸钾后小鼠血清尿酸水平显著升高,有显著性差异(P<0.01),提示高尿酸血症模型成功。给予桑黄子实体提取物后,150和450mg/kg剂量组小鼠血清尿酸水平明显低于高尿酸血症模型对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);但弱于阳性对照药别嘌醇,差异有统计学显著性(P<0.05)。提示桑黄子实体提取物具有降尿酸作用。
肌酐是含氮有机代谢物的代谢终产物,由肾小球滤过,随尿液排出。但肾功能受损,肌酐含量上升。因此肌酐值成为评价肾功能的主要指标之一。结果表明:与正常对照相比,高尿酸血症模型组血清中肌酐水平升高(P<0.01)。给予桑黄子实体提取物后,150和450mg/kg剂量组小鼠血清肌酐水平明显下降,与模型组相比有统计学差异(P<0.05),别嘌呤组血肌酐水平与模型组相比无明显统计学差异。提示桑黄子实体提取物对肾脏副作用小。
黄嘌呤氧化酶直接调控人体内尿酸水平的高低。非嘌呤类前体物质在体内经过系列生化转化生成嘌呤类核苷酸,继续分解生成次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤,最终经过黄嘌呤氧化酶的连续氧化而生成尿酸。结果表明:高尿酸血症模型组肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶活力升高,与正常对照组相比有统计学差异(P<0.01)。桑黄子实体提取物50,150和450mg/kg剂量组和别嘌呤醇组小鼠肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶活力均明显下降,与模型组相比有统计学差异(P<0.01,P<0.05),其中桑黄子实体提取物450mg/kg剂量组高于别嘌呤醇组,有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。提示桑黄子实体提取物降尿酸作用与抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶有关。
实施例4:人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物急性毒性试验研究
选择健康ICR小鼠40只,雌雄各半,体重18-22g,适应性喂养3天后,设正常对照组和桑黄子实体提取物组,桑黄子实体提取物用0.5%CMC-Na配制成混悬液,小鼠禁食过夜(16h)后于上午9时按照20.0g/kg体重灌胃给药一次,给药后连续观察14天,记录动物中毒和死亡情况。
灌胃给药后,动物未出现明显的异常反应,14天连续观察,未见动物出现任何中毒反应,活动自如,进食饮水和大小便均正常,体重正常增长,一般情况良好。40只动物无一死亡,处死动物后尸检,各脏器未见肉眼可见的病理改变,测得小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受量大于20.0g/kg,相当于药效学有效剂量的50倍。
上述结果说明,本发明所提取人工栽培桑黄子实体提取物,可保护尿酸钠诱导细胞损伤,可使高尿酸血症小鼠的血清中尿酸含量水平显著降低。可通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性降低血清中尿酸含量的效果。另外,该提取物对肾脏副作用小,可以用于降尿酸和改善痛风的药物、保健品或辅助药剂的制备。
以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域技术人员应当理解,依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)选取桑黄菌株桑都1号,学名为桑黄Inonotus sanghuang,采用自然林下仿野生袋料栽培方法,当子实体由黄色变成褐色或深褐色时采收,即得桑黄子实体;
2)将步骤1)得到的桑黄子实体经过粉碎得到粉体,用乙醇水溶液浸泡,回流提取,将提取液减压浓缩至无乙醇味,真空干燥,得到人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,桑黄菌株桑都1号为桑黄母种,在中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心保藏,保藏编号为CGCMCC No.8854。
3.根据权利要求1所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述的乙醇水溶液的体积百分数为60%~80%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述的粉体与乙醇水溶液的用量之比为20g:300mL~800mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,用乙醇水溶液浸泡0.2~1h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述的真空干燥的温度为50℃~70℃。
7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的制备方法制备的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物在制备痛风和高尿酸血症的预防和治疗的药物中的应用。
9.根据权利要求7所述的人工栽培桑黄子实体的提取物在制备防治高尿酸血症和痛风的保健品中的应用。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的痛风和高尿酸血症的预防和治疗的药物以及防治高尿酸血症和痛风的保健品均为口服用药。
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