CN110692556A - Method for high-density out-of-season finless eel and loach cultivation - Google Patents
Method for high-density out-of-season finless eel and loach cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110692556A CN110692556A CN201911123023.0A CN201911123023A CN110692556A CN 110692556 A CN110692556 A CN 110692556A CN 201911123023 A CN201911123023 A CN 201911123023A CN 110692556 A CN110692556 A CN 110692556A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological breeding methods, and particularly relates to a method for breeding finless eel and loach in a high-density out-of-season mode. The method comprises the steps of building a culture pond, laying drainage pipelines, placing culture components, propagating seedlings, discharging waste and the like, and solves the problems that the existing culture variety is single, the investment is large, the occupied area is large, the resource waste is serious, the toxicity of nitrite cannot be eliminated, the continuous self-propagation cannot be realized, the attack of natural enemies cannot be effectively avoided, the anti-season culture cannot be realized and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological breeding methods, and particularly relates to a method for breeding finless eel and loach in a high-density out-of-season mode.
Background
The traditional finless eel breeding development is divided into two stages, one is to define a certain area, so that finless eels can breed and grow in the field; secondly, a culture pond or a net cage is established, and the finless eels are cultured in the culture pond or the net cage in a centralized manner. The two methods have the advantages of single breeding variety, large breeding investment, large occupied area, much labor consumption and serious resource waste. About 30 finless eels can be thrown in each square water area at most.
No matter field culture or culture pond and net cage culture, the water area is wide, few blocking nets exist, natural enemies of the finless eels such as water birds, snakes and mice can easily enter the culture pond or the net cage, and particularly once the dragonflies lay eggs in the water body, larvae of the dragonflies can capture and damage the finless eels for a long time on a large scale. Finless eels are easy to kill each other when lacking food, attack the same kind, and cause serious yield reduction.
The finless eel can not be naturally propagated in a culture pond or a net cage, and breeding must be realized by collecting finless eel fertilized eggs in the field or splitting finless eel genitals to collect eggs and sperms and then performing artificial insemination. Even professional people in the technology have high implementation difficulty and low insemination rate, a large amount of female parent and male parent finless eels are killed, and waste is serious. Leading to the shortage of rice field eel seedlings in the market.
According to the traditional finless eel culture, a plurality of finless eels are piled up to eat and grow, once some finless eels are ill, the finless eels are very easy to infect other finless eels, and the pesticide application effect is not obvious due to the large and deep water body, so that the occurrence of epidemic situation cannot be effectively controlled.
Most of the traditional culture ponds for culturing the finless eels and the loaches are static water, and toxic substances of nitrite are easily generated for a long time, so that the finless eels and the loaches die greatly, and yield and income are reduced. The problem of nitrite removal in the prior art is that the oxygen increasing machine is utilized and oxygen increasing particles are utilized. The traditional aerator has a limited range of moving water, is easy to form dead corners, and still can generate nitrite in a large water area; although the oxygen-increasing particles can solve the problem of oxygen deficiency in the water body for a while, the oxygen-increasing particles can be recovered for a long time, and the cost for applying the oxygen-increasing particles is high, so that the oxygen-increasing particles are not suitable for long-term use.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for high-density out-of-season culturing of finless eel and loach, which solves the problems that the existing culture varieties are single, the investment is large, the occupied area is large, the resource waste is serious, the nitrite toxicity can not be eliminated, the continuous self-propagation can not be realized, the attack of natural enemies can not be effectively avoided, the out-of-season culture can not be realized and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides a method for high-density out-of-season finless eel loach cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a ground culture pond: two rows of parallel communicated plastic pipelines are laid in the bottom of the culture pond in a suspended manner, and holes are drilled on two sides of each plastic pipeline at equal intervals. The water in each position of the pool bottom can conveniently enter the pipeline to flow out of the culture pool under the action of traction force or pressure, and the culture pool is ensured to have no dead angle and no static water. Toxic nitrite in water is extremely unstable, can be immediately and thoroughly reduced into nontoxic nitrate under the flowing state of water, a large amount of water containing the nitrite at the bottom of the culture pond is discharged or pumped away, and fishes including mud eel and loach can be ensured not to be poisoned by the nitrite any more for a long time;
(2) and paving heat-radiating metal pipelines above the plastic pipelines in the same direction side by side. An arched heat-preservation greenhouse is additionally built above the culture pond, and the greenhouse can effectively prevent water birds and dragonfly larvae from entering the culture pond. A boiler and/or an electric heater is erected at a high position outside the culture pond and is connected with the metal pipeline in the culture pond. The plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline penetrate out of one end of the culture pond and are connected with a water inlet pipeline of the water pump on the same side. The plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline are respectively provided with a valve, the valves are in a closed state, and the metal pipeline does not need to be perforated. When water needs to be drained or heated, the corresponding valve is only needed to be closed, the water pump is started, the wastewater can be led out of the culture pond or hot water in the boiler/electric heater is led into the metal pipe, and the hot water is conducted through the metal pipe to spread every corner of the culture pond. A water return pipe is arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the water pump, so that water with higher temperature directly returns to the culture pond, the water temperature of the culture pond is improved, rice field eels in winter are guaranteed to continue eating and growing, hibernation of the rice field eels is reduced, weight loss and physical energy consumption are avoided, the growth time of the rice field eels is prolonged in a phase change manner every year, and the productivity is greatly improved;
(3) arranging plastic pipe culture assemblies in a culture pond, and determining the number of the plastic pipe culture assemblies according to the size of the culture pond, wherein each plastic pipe culture assembly comprises a plurality of groups of plastic pipe groups which are arranged in parallel, each plastic pipe group is formed by closely attaching plastic pipes with small holes at the bottoms, each 100 plastic pipes form one group of plastic pipe groups, and each plastic pipe is a large pipe and a small pipe; putting one ricefield eel in each plastic pipe, putting a large ricefield eel in each large pipe, putting a small ricefield eel in each small pipe, standing the ricefield eels in the plastic pipe, extending the mouth out of the water surface for breathing, wherein the height of the water surface is lower than the body length of the ricefield eels; the finless eel has no gills, and the lips can extend out of the water surface to breathe air only by erecting the finless eel in a pipeline. Thus, the culture density is increased, and even one square can be as high as 200 and 300. The finless eel is arranged in the plastic tube, so that the trapping and killing of mice and snakes can be effectively prevented, the cross infection of finless eel diseases can be prevented, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the finless eel are improved;
(5) seedling propagation: planting vine crops such as towel gourd in the culture pond, and covering all plastic pipes with root systems; when the finless eel is in sexual maturity, spitting foam of a female finless eel is adhered to a ratoon of a vine crop, laying eggs in each spitting foam bubble, enabling the semen discharged by the male finless eel to be combined with eggs in the spitting foam bubbles, manually collecting the spitting foam of the finless eel after insemination is completed, and transferring the spitting foam to a seedling culture pond to realize natural propagation;
(6) feeding: monopteri albi belongs to omnivorous fishes, and is not only fond of food of various insects such as maggots, earthworms, red worms, yellow meal worms and the like. Because the finless eel is in the vertical pipeline, the movement range is limited, the finless eel can only eat at the mouth of the pipeline or on the water surface in the pipeline, various living bodies are thrown in the finless eel domestication period, and after a period of time, the finless eel is induced to eat. When the habit is developed, various insects, starch, protein and other substances are crushed into liquid food which is placed on the root hairs of the crops covering the mouths of the pipelines to allow the insects to eat the liquid food by themselves;
(7) putting loaches: putting a proper amount of loaches, culturing the loaches and the finless eels in the same pipeline, consuming the residual food of the finless eels and playing a role of activating water;
(8) waste discharge: the waste water at the bottom of the pond is discharged in time by using water pressure and/or a water pump, so that the waste water is replaced, the water quality is ensured to be fresh, and the water body of the culture pond is ensured not to be polluted; when finless eel is infected with diseases, the liquid medicine is poured into each plastic tube one by one, various bacteria, parasites and viruses on the surface of finless eel bodies can be effectively killed, pathogens flow out of the plastic tubes and are discharged out of the culture pond through the drainage of the pond bottom, and economic loss caused by the diseases is reduced as much as possible.
Wherein the aperture of the plastic pipeline in the step (1) is 30 mm, and the aperture of the punching hole is 2 mm.
Wherein the temperature of the culture pond in the step (2) is 4 ~ 10 ℃.
Wherein the pipe aperture of the plastic pipe in the step (3) is 15 ~ 50 mm, and the pipe height is 200 ~ 350 mm.
Wherein, the vine crops in the step (5) include but are not limited to luffa, balsam pear, cucumber, pumpkin and kidney bean.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the pipeline arrangement of the culture pond ensures that the culture pond has no dead angle and no static water, and a large amount of water containing nitrite at the bottom of the culture pond is discharged or pumped away, so that fishes including finless eels and loaches can be ensured not to be poisoned by the nitrite any more in a long time.
The water return pipe is arranged to return hot water, the temperature of the culture pond is increased, water with higher temperature directly returns to the culture pond, the water temperature of the culture pond is improved, rice field eels in winter are guaranteed to continue eating and growing, hibernation of the rice field eels is reduced or stopped, fat is not reduced, physical energy is not consumed, the growing time of the rice field eels is prolonged every year, and the productivity is greatly improved.
The waste discharge pipeline is utilized, the water body of the culture pond is replaced, the water quality is ensured to be fresh, and the water body is ensured not to be polluted; through the drainage of the pond bottom, pathogens flow out of the plastic pipe and are discharged out of the culture pond, and the economic loss caused by diseases is reduced as much as possible.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for high-density out-of-season finless eel and loach cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a ground culture pond: two rows of parallel and communicated plastic pipelines are laid in the bottom of the culture pond in a suspended manner, and holes are drilled on two sides of each plastic pipeline at equal intervals;
(2) and paving heat-radiating metal pipelines above the plastic pipelines in the same direction side by side. An arched heat-preservation greenhouse is additionally built above the culture pond, and a boiler and/or an electric heater is erected at a high position outside the culture pond and is connected with the metal pipeline in the culture pond; the plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline penetrate out of one end of the culture pond and are connected with a water inlet pipeline of a water pump on the same side, the plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline are respectively provided with a valve, the valves are in a closed state, a water return pipe is arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the water pump, hot water flows back through the water return pipe, and the temperature of the culture pond is increased;
(3) arranging plastic pipe culture assemblies in a culture pond, and determining the number of the plastic pipe culture assemblies according to the size of the culture pond, wherein each plastic pipe culture assembly comprises a plurality of groups of plastic pipe groups which are arranged in parallel, each plastic pipe group is formed by closely attaching plastic pipes with small holes at the bottoms, each 100 plastic pipes form one group of plastic pipe groups, and each plastic pipe is a large pipe and a small pipe; putting one ricefield eel in each plastic pipe, putting a large ricefield eel in each large pipe, putting a small ricefield eel in each small pipe, standing the ricefield eels in the plastic pipe, extending the mouth out of the water surface for breathing, wherein the height of the water surface is lower than the body length of the ricefield eels;
(5) seedling propagation: planting some vine crops in the culture pond, and enabling root systems of the vine crops to cover all the plastic pipes; when the finless eel is in sexual maturity, spitting foam of a female finless eel is adhered to a ratoon of a vine crop, laying eggs in each spitting foam bubble, enabling the semen discharged by the male finless eel to be combined with eggs in the spitting foam bubbles, manually collecting the spitting foam of the finless eel after insemination is completed, and transferring the spitting foam to a seedling culture pond to realize natural propagation;
(6) feeding: during the domestication of the finless eel, putting various living bodies, crushing various insects, starch, protein and other substances into liquid food after a period of time, and placing the liquid food on crop roots covering the mouth of a pipeline to allow the liquid food to eat by oneself;
(7) putting loaches: putting a proper amount of loaches, culturing the loaches and the finless eels in the same pipeline, consuming the residual food of the finless eels and playing a role of activating water;
(8) waste discharge: the waste water at the bottom of the pond is discharged in time by using the water pressure and/or a water pump, and the water body of the culture pond is ensured not to be polluted.
Wherein the aperture of the plastic pipeline in the step (1) is 30 mm, and the aperture of the punching hole is 2 mm.
Wherein the temperature of the culture pond in the step (2) is 4 ~ 10 ℃.
Wherein the pipe aperture of the plastic pipe in the step (3) is 15 ~ 50 mm, and the pipe height is 200 ~ 350 mm.
Wherein, the vine crops in the step (5) include but are not limited to luffa, balsam pear, cucumber, pumpkin and kidney bean.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for high-density out-of-season finless eel and loach cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a ground culture pond: two rows of parallel communicated plastic pipelines are laid in the bottom of the culture pond in a hanging mode, holes are punched in the two sides of each plastic pipeline at equal intervals, the aperture of each plastic pipeline is 30 mm, and the aperture of each punched hole is 2 mm;
(2) and paving heat-radiating metal pipelines above the plastic pipelines in the same direction side by side. An arched heat-preservation greenhouse is additionally built above the culture pond, and a boiler and/or an electric heater is erected at a high position outside the culture pond and is connected with the metal pipeline in the culture pond; the plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline penetrate out of one end of the culture pond and are connected with a water inlet pipeline of a water pump on the same side, the plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline are respectively provided with a valve, the valves are in a closed state, a water return pipe is installed on a water outlet pipeline of the water pump, hot water flows back through the water return pipe, the temperature of the culture pond is increased, and the temperature is kept at 4 ℃;
(3) arranging plastic pipe culture assemblies in a culture pond, and determining the number of the plastic pipe culture assemblies according to the size of the culture pond, wherein each plastic pipe culture assembly comprises a plurality of groups of plastic pipe groups which are arranged in parallel, each plastic pipe group is formed by closely attaching plastic pipes with small holes at the bottoms, each 100 plastic pipes form one group of plastic pipe groups, and each plastic pipe is a large pipe and a small pipe; the aperture of the large pipe pipeline is 50 mm, the height of the pipeline is 350 mm, the aperture of the small pipe is 15mm, the height of the pipeline is 200mm, one ricefield eel is put in each plastic pipe, the large pipe is used for putting the large ricefield eel, the small pipe is used for putting the small ricefield eel, the ricefield eel stands in the pipeline, the mouth of the ricefield eel extends out of the water surface for breathing, and the height of the water surface is lower than the body length of the ricefield eel;
(5) seedling propagation: planting some vine crops including towel gourd and bean in the culture pond, and covering the root systems of the vine crops with all plastic pipes; when the finless eel is in sexual maturity, spitting foam of a female finless eel is adhered to a ratoon of a vine crop, laying eggs in each spitting foam bubble, enabling the semen discharged by the male finless eel to be combined with eggs in the spitting foam bubbles, manually collecting the spitting foam of the finless eel after insemination is completed, and transferring the spitting foam to a seedling culture pond to realize natural propagation;
(6) feeding: during the domestication of the finless eel, putting various living bodies, crushing various insects, starch, protein and other substances into liquid food after a period of time, and placing the liquid food on crop roots covering the mouth of a pipeline to allow the liquid food to eat by oneself;
(7) putting loaches: putting a proper amount of loaches, culturing the loaches and the finless eels in the same pipeline, consuming the residual food of the finless eels and playing a role of activating water;
(8) waste discharge: the waste water at the bottom of the pond is discharged in time by using the water pressure and/or a water pump, and the water body of the culture pond is ensured not to be polluted.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for high-density out-of-season finless eel loach cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a ground culture pond: two rows of parallel communicated plastic pipes are laid in the bottom of the culture pond in a hanging mode, holes are punched in the two sides of each plastic pipe at equal intervals, the diameter of each pipe is 30 mm, and the diameter of each punched hole is 2 mm;
(2) and paving heat-radiating metal pipelines above the plastic pipelines in the same direction side by side. An arched heat-preservation greenhouse is additionally built above the culture pond, and a boiler and/or an electric heater is erected at a high position outside the culture pond and is connected with the metal pipeline in the culture pond; the plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline penetrate out of one end of the culture pond and are connected with a water inlet pipeline of a water pump on the same side, the plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline are respectively provided with a valve, the valves are in a closed state, a water return pipe is installed on a water outlet pipeline of the water pump, hot water flows back through the water return pipe, the temperature of the culture pond is increased, and the temperature of the culture pond is 5 ℃;
(3) arranging plastic pipe culture assemblies in a culture pond, determining the number of the plastic pipe culture assemblies according to the size of the culture pond, wherein each plastic pipe culture assembly is composed of a plurality of groups of plastic pipe groups which are arranged in parallel, each plastic pipe group is formed by closely attaching plastic pipes with small holes at the bottoms, each 100 plastic pipes form one group of plastic pipe groups, each plastic pipe is a large pipe and a small pipe, the diameter of each large pipe is 45 mm, the height of each pipe is 280 mm, the diameter of each small pipe is 20mm, and the height of each small pipe is 210mm, each plastic pipe is used for placing one ricefield eel, each large pipe is used for placing large ricefield eels, each small pipe is used for placing small ricefield eels, each ricefield eel stands in each pipe, the mouth of each ricefield eel stands out of;
(5) seedling propagation: planting some vine crops such as balsam pears and cucumbers in the culture pond, and enabling root systems of the vine crops to cover all plastic pipes; when the finless eel is in sexual maturity, spitting foam of a female finless eel is adhered to a ratoon of a vine crop, laying eggs in each spitting foam bubble, enabling the semen discharged by the male finless eel to be combined with eggs in the spitting foam bubbles, manually collecting the spitting foam of the finless eel after insemination is completed, and transferring the spitting foam to a seedling culture pond to realize natural propagation;
(6) feeding: during the domestication of the finless eel, putting various living bodies, crushing various insects, starch, protein and other substances into liquid food after a period of time, and placing the liquid food on crop roots covering the mouth of a pipeline to allow the liquid food to eat by oneself;
(7) putting loaches: putting a proper amount of loaches, culturing the loaches and the finless eels in the same pipeline, consuming the residual food of the finless eels and playing a role of activating water;
(8) waste discharge: the waste water at the bottom of the pond is discharged in time by using the water pressure and/or a water pump, and the water body of the culture pond is ensured not to be polluted.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for high-density out-of-season finless eel loach cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) building a ground culture pond: two rows of parallel and communicated plastic pipelines are laid in the bottom of the culture pond in a suspended manner, and holes are drilled on two sides of each plastic pipeline at equal intervals;
(2) paving heat-radiating metal pipelines above the plastic pipelines in the same direction in parallel, building an arched heat-insulating greenhouse above the culture pond, and erecting a boiler and/or an electric heater at a high position outside the culture pond to be connected with the metal pipelines in the culture pond; the plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline penetrate out of one end of the culture pond and are connected with a water inlet pipeline of a water pump on the same side, the plastic pipeline and the metal pipeline are respectively provided with a valve, the valves are in a closed state, a water return pipe is arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the water pump, hot water flows back through the water return pipe, and the temperature of the culture pond is increased;
(3) arranging plastic pipe culture assemblies in a culture pond, and determining the number of the plastic pipe culture assemblies according to the size of the culture pond, wherein each plastic pipe culture assembly comprises a plurality of groups of plastic pipe groups which are arranged in parallel, each plastic pipe group is formed by closely attaching plastic pipes with small holes at the bottoms, each 100 plastic pipes form one group of plastic pipe groups, and each plastic pipe is a large pipe and a small pipe; putting one ricefield eel in each plastic pipe, putting a large ricefield eel in each large pipe, putting a small ricefield eel in each small pipe, standing the ricefield eels in the plastic pipe, extending the mouth out of the water surface for breathing, wherein the height of the water surface is lower than the body length of the ricefield eels;
(5) seedling propagation: planting some vine crops in the culture pond, and enabling root systems of the vine crops to cover all the plastic pipes; when the finless eel is in sexual maturity, spitting foam of a female finless eel is adhered to a ratoon of a vine crop, laying eggs in each spitting foam bubble, enabling the semen discharged by the male finless eel to be combined with eggs in the spitting foam bubbles, manually collecting the spitting foam of the finless eel after insemination is completed, and transferring the spitting foam to a seedling culture pond to realize natural propagation;
(6) feeding: during the domestication of the finless eel, putting various living bodies, crushing various insects, starch, protein and other substances into liquid food after a period of time, and placing the liquid food on crop roots covering the mouth of a pipeline to allow the liquid food to eat by oneself;
(7) putting loaches: putting a proper amount of loaches, culturing the loaches and the finless eels in the same pipeline, consuming the residual food of the finless eels and playing a role of activating water;
(8) waste discharge: the waste water at the bottom of the pond is discharged in time by using the water pressure and/or a water pump, and the water body of the culture pond is ensured not to be polluted.
2. The method for high-density out-of-season finless eel and loach cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the aperture of the plastic pipeline is 30 mm, and the aperture of the through hole is 2 mm.
3. The method for high-density out-of-season finless eel and loach cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cultivation pond in the step (2) is 4 ~ 10 ℃.
4. The method for high-density out-of-season finless eel and loach cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the plastic pipe has a pipe aperture of 15 ~ 50 mm and a pipe height of 200 ~ 350 mm.
5. The method for high-density out-of-season finless eel loach cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the vine crops in the step (5) include but are not limited to luffa, balsam pear, cucumber, pumpkin and kidney bean.
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