CN110685697A - Freezing construction method and freezing system for connection channel - Google Patents
Freezing construction method and freezing system for connection channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110685697A CN110685697A CN201910929010.6A CN201910929010A CN110685697A CN 110685697 A CN110685697 A CN 110685697A CN 201910929010 A CN201910929010 A CN 201910929010A CN 110685697 A CN110685697 A CN 110685697A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/008—Driving transverse tunnels starting from existing tunnels
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, in particular to a freezing construction method and a freezing system of a connection channel. The method comprises the following steps: a plurality of freezing holes, a plurality of temperature measuring holes and a plurality of pressure relief holes are respectively distributed on two sides of the communication channel; arranging a freezing station in a tunnel at one side of the communication channel, and laying a plurality of rows of freezing calandria on the tunnel at the opposite side of the freezing station along the freezing wall at the periphery of the channel; setting a freezing system in a freezing station, debugging and operating the freezing system; actively freezing the soil between the tunnels at the two sides, measuring the temperature of the frozen soil between the tunnels at the two sides by using the temperature measuring holes, calculating the average temperature of the frozen wall, and judging that the excavation condition of the communication channel is met when the average temperature reaches a preset value; during excavation, maintenance freezing is carried out, and maintenance freezing data are monitored. The secondary hole opening process is adopted in the hole opening stage, so that a large amount of mud and water are prevented from being discharged when the tunnel segment is drilled through; in the freezing process, the temperature change of the brine of each group of freezers is detected and analyzed, and the construction safety of the communication channel is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, in particular to a freezing construction method and a freezing system of a connection channel.
Background
The tunnel freezing construction method is mainly used in areas with poor geological environment, such as unstable rock stratum, possible collapse in the construction process and other environments which are not beneficial to engineering or cause danger to constructors. The principle of the method is that the rock stratum becomes stable by using low temperature, so that the construction is convenient to carry out.
The freezing method is suitable for geology with large water content and looser gravel, such as round gravel layers, weathered mudstone, sandy soil liquefaction and the like. The gravel layer belongs to a medium water permeable layer, the water quantity is rich, and large water seepage and gushing can occur in the construction process of freezing holes, so that the risks of soil flowing, piping and pipe breaking during drilling are generated. The weathering layer shale rock mass is uneven in hardness and poor in uniformity, drilling deviation, deflection and the like are easily caused, the drilling construction difficulty is high, and certain influence is caused on the construction quality. The foundation after the sandy soil is liquefied is unfavorable to engineering and easy to generate liquefaction settlement, and corresponding anti-liquefaction measures are adopted to eliminate the influence of a liquefied soil layer on the engineering; shallow natural gas may exist locally, and monitoring should be enhanced in construction.
The contact channel is the passageway of setting between two tunnels, generally is used for fire prevention, ventilation, emergency evacuation etc. and when the excavation of contact channel was in geological environment such as circle gravel layer, weathered layer shale and sand liquefaction, adopt horizontal freezing method to consolidate the stratum, the construction is secretly dug to the mine method, promptly: and reinforcing the stratum by adopting a horizontal freezing method in the tunnel, freezing the soil body on the periphery of the contact channel to form a frozen wall with high strength and good sealing property, and then excavating and constructing the contact channel under the protection of the frozen wall. The advantages of this method are better environment after freezing, easy construction, no environmental pollution, easy underground construction, and the disadvantages of high possible cost, requirement for the surrounding environment, preferably a little more water, and prolonged construction period.
However, when the connection channel is constructed by the freezing method, accidents occur together, in the construction working face of the tunnel connection channel engineering, due to the fact that a large amount of water and quicksand flow in, the structure of a tunnel part is damaged, the ground of the peripheral area is settled, three buildings are seriously inclined, the local collapse of the flood control wall causes the cofferdam piping of the flood control wall, and the direct economic loss is estimated to be about 1.5 million yuan RMB preliminarily. The accident investigation conclusion shows that the reasons for causing the accident are as follows: under the conditions that refrigeration equipment for freezing method construction breaks down, dangerous case symptoms appear and a project stops working, a construction unit does not take effective measures to eliminate the dangerous case in time, and field managers command construction against rules, so that accidents are caused directly.
Therefore, in view of the above, there is a need for a freezing construction method and a freezing system for a communication channel, which is safer during construction, and can monitor freezing parameters in real time and adjust the parameters in time during freezing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a freezing construction method and a freezing construction system for an interconnection channel.A secondary hole opening process is adopted in a hole opening stage, so that a large amount of mud and water are prevented from being discharged when a tunnel segment is drilled through; in the freezing process, the temperature change of the brine of each group of freezers is detected and analyzed, and the construction safety of the communication channel is ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a freezing construction method of an interconnection channel, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: respectively arranging a plurality of freezing holes, a plurality of temperature measuring holes and a plurality of pressure releasing holes on two sides of the communication channel, and respectively taking the freezing pipe, the temperature measuring pipe and the pressure releasing pipe as the freezing holes, the temperature measuring holes and the pressure releasing holes corresponding to the drill rod construction;
step S2: arranging a freezing station in a tunnel at one side of the communication channel, laying a plurality of rows of freezing calandria on the tunnel at the opposite side of the freezing station along the freezing wall at the periphery of the channel, and arranging a plurality of pairs of through holes between the tunnels at the two sides, wherein the pairs of through holes are used for supplying cold to the freezing holes of the tunnel at the opposite side and the freezing calandria;
step S3: setting a freezing system in a freezing station, debugging and operating the freezing system;
step S4: actively freezing the soil between the tunnels at the two sides, measuring the temperature of the frozen soil between the tunnels at the two sides by using the temperature measuring holes, calculating the average temperature of the frozen wall, and judging that the excavation condition of the communication channel is met when the average temperature reaches a preset value;
step S5: and excavating a communication channel, maintaining and freezing frozen soil between the tunnels at two sides during excavation, and monitoring maintenance and freezing data.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, as a preferable aspect, the step S1 specifically includes:
the freezing pipe is used as a drill rod, the freezing pipe is connected by screw threads and welded to ensure the concentricity and the welding strength of the freezing pipe, the bottom of a hole is sealed by a plug after the freezing pipe reaches the designed depth, and the plug is arranged at the bottom of the freezing pipe by an extension bar;
arranging and fixing a drilling machine in the construction direction of the freezing hole, installing a drill bit into the hole device, sealing the drill bit by using a packing, repositioning the freezing hole if a drill rod is twisted off, adopting a hole repairing measure to remedy, and filling and grouting waste holes;
when drilling in the frozen hole, repeatedly checking the direction of the frozen pipe at each certain drilling depth, adjusting the position of the drilling machine, and continuing to drill after detecting that the drilling direction is not deflected;
after the freezing pipe is installed in place, a liquid supply pipe is arranged in the freezing pipe;
and constructing a temperature measuring hole and a pressure relief hole by adopting the same construction method as the freezing pipe.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S3 includes:
a refrigerator, a cooling water system and a brine system are arranged at a freezing station;
the cooling water system comprises a cooling tower, a clean water tank and a clean water pump, the cooling tower, the clean water tank, the clean water pump and the refrigerating machine are connected through pipelines to form a circulating pipeline, control valves are respectively arranged at water inlets and water outlets of the refrigerating machine and the clean water pump and at a water inlet of the cooling tower, and a pressure gauge and a thermometer are arranged at a water outlet of the clean water pump;
the brine system is including brine tank, brine pump and brine pipe, form the brine circulation pipeline through the brine union coupling between brine tank, brine pump, refrigerator and freezing calandria and the feed pipe, the control flap is installed respectively to the brine inlet outlet of refrigerator and brine pump the delivery port installation manometer and the thermometer of brine pump, at the brine outlet installation thermometer of every refrigerator, the brine is the calcium chloride solution.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S2 includes:
6 rows of freezing calandria are laid on the tunnel on the opposite side of the freezing station along the freezing wall on the periphery of the communication channel, the distance between the calandria is d, wherein d is more than 300mm and less than 500 mm;
the freezing calandria adopts a phi 45 multiplied by 3mm seamless steel pipe;
the freezing row pipes are closely attached to tunnel pipe pieces for laying.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S4 includes:
when the positive freezing is carried out, the operation parameters of the refrigerator are adjusted according to the temperature of cooling water and the temperature of brine, so that the refrigerating efficiency of the refrigerator is improved;
the frost formation of the freezer is checked in a circulating mode after the frozen soil is unfrozen, and if the frost formation of the freezer is not uniform or the freezer is melted, a control valve is adjusted or emptying measures are taken to enable the brine flow of the freezer to be uniform;
and analyzing the formation conditions of the frozen wall according to the temperature of the temperature measuring hole and the pressure monitoring result of the pressure relief hole, wherein the formation conditions comprise the coil crossing condition, the average temperature and the expansion thickness of the frozen wall.
In the above freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S4 further includes:
when the following conditions are satisfied:
the active freezing time is not less than 45 days; and is
The temperature of the saline water is not higher than-28 ℃; and is
The temperature difference between the first end and the tail end of the brine circulating pipeline is not higher than 2 ℃; and is
And when the average temperature of the freezing wall is not higher than-10 ℃ and the surface temperature of the freezing wall is not higher than-5 ℃, judging that the excavation condition of the communication channel is met.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S5 includes:
during the maintenance freezing period, the brine temperature is not higher than-25 ℃, and the brine flow of a single freezing hole is not less than 5m3H and maintaining uniform flow;
and monitoring the surface temperature and the displacement of the exposed freezing wall, and increasing the flow of the freezing hole at the position corresponding to the freezing wall with increased temperature or deformation if the temperature of the local freezing wall is increased and the local freezing wall is deformed.
The invention also provides a freezing system for freezing construction of the communication channel, which comprises a refrigerator, a cooling water system, a brine system, a freezing calandria and a liquid supply pipe;
the refrigerator, the cooling water system and the brine system are arranged in a tunnel at one side of the communication channel, a plurality of rows of freezing calandria are laid in the tunnel at the other side along the freezing wall at the periphery of the channel, a plurality of pairs of through holes are formed between the tunnels at the two sides, the pairs of through holes are used for cooling the freezing holes of the tunnel at the opposite side and the freezing calandria, and the liquid supply pipes are arranged in the freezing pipes around the communication channel;
the cooling water system comprises a cooling tower, a clean water tank and a clean water pump, the cooling tower, the clean water tank, the clean water pump and the refrigerating machine are connected through pipelines to form a circulating pipeline, control valves are respectively arranged at water inlets and water outlets of the refrigerating machine and the clean water pump and at a water inlet of the cooling tower, and a pressure gauge and a thermometer are arranged at a water outlet of the clean water pump;
the brine system comprises a brine tank, a brine pump and brine pipes, wherein the brine tank, the brine pump, the refrigerating machines, the refrigerating discharge pipes and the liquid supply pipes are connected through the brine pipes to form a brine circulation pipeline;
preferably, the brine is a calcium chloride solution.
In the above freezing system for freezing construction of the communication passage, preferably, the pair of perforations are provided in plurality, the plurality of perforations are parallel to each other, the plurality of brine pipes are passed through the plurality of perforations, respectively, and one end of the brine pipe is connected to the freezer, and the other end of the brine pipe is connected to the freezer discharge pipe and the liquid supply pipe.
In the above freezing system for freezing construction of the communication channel, as a preferred scheme, the freezing system for freezing construction of the communication channel further comprises a temperature measuring pipe and a pressure relief pipe, wherein the freezing pipe, the temperature measuring pipe and the pressure relief pipe are respectively installed in a freezing hole, a temperature measuring hole and a pressure relief hole, the freezing hole, the temperature measuring hole and the pressure relief hole are respectively arranged around the communication channel, and the freezing pipe, the temperature measuring pipe and the pressure relief pipe are respectively used as drill bits for drilling the freezing hole, the temperature measuring hole and the pressure relief hole.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a freezing construction method of a connection channel, which has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a freezing construction method of an interconnection channel, which adopts a secondary tapping process when freezing holes are constructed, prevents a large amount of mud and water from being discharged when the tunnel segment is drilled through, repeatedly calibrates the deflection angle of the drilled hole during construction, corrects or blocks in time, ensures that the connection of freezing pipes is straight, and improves the deflection precision of the freezing holes;
2. the invention provides a freezing construction method of an interconnection passage, which is characterized in that the temperature change of brine of each group of freezers is detected and analyzed in the freezing process, the temperatures of a freezing device return circuit and a temperature measuring hole are monitored every day, the temperature change near the interface of a tunnel segment and a soil layer is monitored, the problem is found, a freezing system is completed in time, and the freezing operation parameters are adjusted.
The invention also provides a freezing system for freezing construction of the contact channel, which has the advantages similar to the freezing construction method of the contact channel and is not repeated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a freezing construction method of a communication channel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a freezing system for freezing construction of a communication channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a freezing construction method of an interconnection channel, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: respectively arranging a plurality of freezing holes, a plurality of temperature measuring holes and a plurality of pressure releasing holes on two sides of the communication channel, and respectively taking the freezing pipe, the temperature measuring pipe and the pressure releasing pipe as the freezing holes, the temperature measuring holes and the pressure releasing holes corresponding to the drill rod construction;
step S2: arranging a freezing station in a tunnel at one side of the communication channel, laying a plurality of rows of freezing calandria on the tunnel at the opposite side of the freezing station along the freezing wall at the periphery of the channel, and arranging a plurality of pairs of through holes between the tunnels at the two sides, wherein the pairs of through holes are used for supplying cold to the freezing holes of the tunnel at the opposite side and the freezing calandria;
step S3: setting a freezing system in a freezing station, debugging and operating the freezing system;
step S4: actively freezing the soil between the tunnels at the two sides, measuring the temperature of the frozen soil between the tunnels at the two sides by using the temperature measuring holes, calculating the average temperature of the frozen wall, and judging that the excavation condition of the communication channel is met when the average temperature reaches a preset value;
step S5: and excavating a communication channel, maintaining and freezing frozen soil between the tunnels at two sides during excavation, and monitoring maintenance and freezing data.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, as a preferable scheme, the step S1 specifically includes:
and S101, using the freezing pipe as a drill rod, connecting the freezing pipe by adopting screw threads, welding to ensure the concentricity and the welding strength of the freezing pipe, sealing the bottom of the hole by using a plug after the freezing pipe reaches the designed depth, and installing the plug at the bottom of the freezing pipe by using an extension rod.
And S102, setting and fixing a drilling machine in the construction direction of the freezing hole, installing a drill bit into the hole device, sealing the drill bit by using a packing, repositioning the freezing hole if a drill rod is twisted off, adopting a hole repairing measure to remedy, and filling and grouting waste holes.
And S103, repeatedly checking the direction of the freezing pipe at each certain drilling depth when the freezing hole is drilled, adjusting the position of the drilling machine, and continuously drilling after detecting that the drilling direction is not deviated.
And step S104, after the freezing pipe is installed in place, putting a liquid supply pipe into the freezing pipe.
And S105, constructing a temperature measuring hole and a pressure relief hole by adopting the same construction method as the freezing pipe.
The sequence among step S101, step S102, step S103, step S104 and step S105 may be adjusted to some extent without affecting the construction process.
The number of the freezing holes of the communication channel is 101, wherein 61 freezing holes are arranged in the tunnel at the side of the freezing station, and 40 freezing holes are arranged at the opposite side of the freezing station. 8 temperature measuring holes are respectively arranged inside and outside the channel and in the tunnels at two sides, wherein 6 temperature measuring holes are arranged in the tunnels at the opposite sides of the freezing station; 4 pressure relief holes are arranged in the middle of the freezing curtain, two lines are arranged on the left and right sides respectively, and the depth is 6 m. In addition, during specific construction, the following requirements are specifically set forth:
(1) the arrangement positions of the freezing holes meet the requirements of design drawings, the error of the positions of the holes is not more than 100mm, and the positions of segment joints, bolt holes, main ribs and steel tube segment ribs are avoided.
(2) The maximum allowable deflection of the freeze holes is 150mm (the distance between the freeze hole trajectory and the design trajectory). The area of the final hole passage of the freezing hole is not more than 1300mm, and the area of the waste water pump room is not more than 1400 mm.
(3) 6 pairs of through holes are arranged for cooling the refrigerating calandria and brine circulation of freezing holes at the opposite side of the refrigerating station.
(4) The effective depth of the freezing hole (the length of the circulating brine section of the freezing pipe below the surface of the pipe piece) is not less than the design depth of the freezing hole. When the freezing pipe heads touch the freezing holes of the opposite side tunnel pipe pieces during construction, the freezing pipe heads should touch the opposite side tunnel pipe pieces until the freezing pipe heads cannot circulate the salt water, and the length of the pipe heads of all the freezing pipes cannot be larger than 150 mm.
(5) The freezing pipe is made of 20# (Q235) steel and is a low-carbon seamless steel pipe with the specification of phi 89 multiplied by 8 mm. The pressure resistance of the freezing pipe is not less than 1.5-2.0 times of the salt water pressure of the freezing working face and not less than 0.8 Mpa.
(6) The compressive strength of the freezing pipe joint is not lower than 80% of that of the mother pipe.
(7) And (3) when the freezing hole is constructed, the soil mass loss is not larger than the freezing hole volume, otherwise, grouting is carried out in time to control the stratum settlement.
(8) And (5) drilling through holes to recheck the reserved openings of the two tunnels. If the relative position error of the reserved openings of the two tunnels is more than 100mm, the arrangement of the freezing holes is adjusted according to the principle of ensuring the design thickness of the freezing wall.
(9) The freezing pipe is a phi 89 multiplied by 8mm low-carbon seamless steel pipe. The length of a single pipe is 1.0-2.0 m, and the pipe is longer under the condition allowed by a construction site.
(10) The freezing pipes are connected by adopting butt welding of lining pipes, and a 45-degree groove is processed on one side. The head of the first section of freezing pipe is welded and sealed by a steel plate with the thickness of 10 mm. A J422 electrode was used.
(11) The temperature measuring pipe is a low-carbon seamless steel pipe with the diameter of 45 multiplied by 3 mm/89 multiplied by 8 mm.
(12) The pressure relief pipe is made of seamless steel pipes with the diameter of 89 multiplied by 8mm, the seamless steel pipes are directly connected in a butt welding mode, and the head of the first section of pipe is welded and sealed through a 5mm steel plate.
(13) The liquid supply pipe adopts a polyethylene plastic pipe with phi 45 multiplied by 3.5 mm.
When the freezing hole is constructed, in order to ensure the drilling precision, the hole opening section is the key. And (3) repeatedly checking the direction of the freezing pipe when 2m before drilling, adjusting the position of the drilling machine, and continuously drilling after detecting no deflection problem. Before the freezing pipe is put into the hole, the pipe is arranged to ensure the concentricity of the freezing pipe. After the freezing pipe is placed, the theodolite light inclinometry is adopted for detection, then the depth of the freezing hole is measured again, and the pressure is carried out for leakage test. The pressure resistance of the freezing pipe is not lower than 1.0MPa and not lower than 1.5 times of the salt water pressure of the freezing working surface, the pressure is stable for 30 minutes and is not changed, or the pressure drop in the first 30 minutes is less than 0.05MPa, and the pressure is not reduced to be qualified after 15 minutes.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S3 includes:
a refrigerator, a cooling water system and a brine system are arranged at a freezing station; the cooling water system comprises a cooling tower, a clean water tank and a clean water pump, the cooling tower, the clean water tank, the clean water pump and the refrigerating machine are connected through pipelines to form a circulating pipeline, control valves are respectively arranged at water inlets and water outlets of the refrigerating machine and the clean water pump and at a water inlet of the cooling tower, and a pressure gauge and a thermometer are arranged at a water outlet of the clean water pump; the brine system is including brine tank, brine pump and brine pipe, form the brine circulation pipeline through the brine union coupling between brine tank, brine pump, refrigerator and freezing calandria and the feed pipe, the control flap is installed respectively to the brine inlet outlet of refrigerator and brine pump the delivery port installation manometer and the thermometer of brine pump, at the brine outlet installation thermometer of every refrigerator, the brine is the calcium chloride solution.
When the freezer station is installed, the following requirements should be noted:
(1) the saline water tank bottom pad is 100 multiplied by 150mm square timber, and the distance is not more than 800 mm. Polystyrene heat-insulating boards with the thickness of 100mm are filled between the square timbers.
(2) The refrigerator and the water pump are directly installed on the tunnel platform without a foundation.
(3) The refrigerator is horizontally installed, the chassis is firmly seated, and the chassis is leveled by a wedge iron.
(4) After the refrigerator and the water pump are fixed, the gap and the concentricity of the coupling and the tightness of the shaft seal or the packing are mainly checked to confirm that the technical requirements of equipment installation are met.
(5) The cooling tower is arranged above the clean water tank.
(6) The installation of the cooling tower mainly checks whether the cable joint of the motor of the water distributor is insulated, whether the rotation direction of the motor is correct and whether the water distribution of the water distributor is uniform.
(7) The cooling tower and the electrical equipment should have enough distance to prevent water from splashing on the electrical equipment to cause electromechanical accidents.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S2 includes:
6 rows of freezing calandria are laid on the tunnel on the opposite side of the freezing station along the freezing wall on the periphery of the communication channel, the distance between the calandria is d, wherein d is more than 300mm and less than 500 mm; the freezing calandria adopts a phi 45 multiplied by 3mm seamless steel pipe; the freezing row pipes are closely attached to tunnel pipe pieces for laying.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S4 includes:
step S401, when the active freezing is carried out, adjusting the operation parameters of the refrigerator according to the temperature of cooling water and the temperature of brine, and improving the refrigeration efficiency of the refrigerator;
s402, after the frozen soil is unfrozen, the frost formation of the freezer is checked in a circulating mode, and if the frost formation of the freezer is not uniform or the freezer is melted, a control valve is adjusted or emptying measures are taken to enable the brine flow of the freezer to be uniform;
and S403, analyzing the formation conditions of the frozen wall according to the temperature of the temperature measuring hole and the pressure monitoring result of the pressure relief hole, wherein the formation conditions comprise the ring crossing condition, the average temperature and the expansion thickness of the frozen wall.
Step S401, step S402, and step S403 are performed continuously for a plurality of times, and there is no specific order. During positive freeze initiation and maintenance, the following are satisfied:
(1) the active freezing time is designed to be 45 days (the freezing excavation time is determined according to the parameters of the freezing wall circle time, the freezing wall thickness, the average temperature and the like). The single-hole flow of the freezing hole is required to be not less than 5m3H; actively freezing for 7 days until the temperature of the saline is reduced to below-18 ℃; actively freezing for 15 days until the temperature of the saline water is reduced to below-24 ℃, wherein the temperature difference of the saline water in the return circuit is not more than 2 ℃; the temperature of the saline water is reduced to-30 ℃ during excavation. If the brine temperature and brine flow rate do not meet the design requirements, the active freeze time should be extended.
(2) The refrigerator is started after checking and confirming that the operating parameters of the circuit system, the cooling water circulating system and the brine circulating system are normal. The refrigerator idles for 1-3 h, and liquid is supplied for refrigeration after normal idling is observed.
(3) And performing trial operation, and gradually adjusting various state parameters such as energy, pressure, temperature, motor load and the like to enable the unit to operate under the technical parameter conditions related to equipment regulations and operation requirements.
(4) After the test operation is normal, the active freezing is carried out, and the operation parameters of the refrigerator are adjusted according to the temperature of cooling water and the temperature of brine so as to improve the refrigerating efficiency of the refrigerator.
(5) And (4) after the freezing is started, the frost formation of the freezer is inspected in a circulating way, and if the frost formation is not uniform or the frost formation is molten, measures such as adjusting a control valve, emptying and the like are adopted to solve the problem of non-uniform brine flow of the freezer.
(6) And analyzing the formation conditions of the frozen wall according to the monitoring results of the temperature measuring hole and the pressure of the pressure relief hole, wherein the formation conditions comprise the coil crossing condition, the average temperature, the expansion thickness and the like of the frozen wall. And if the pressure of the pressure relief hole exceeds the initial pressure by 0.2MPa, opening the pressure relief valve to relieve the pressure.
(7) And (4) forecasting the development trend of the frozen wall according to the temperature monitoring of the frozen wall and by combining finite element numerical simulation. If the development speed of the frozen wall can not meet the design requirement, remedial measures such as prolonging the active freezing time and increasing the freezing and cooling are taken.
(8) And detecting frost heaving deformation of the tunnel every day, and adjusting the supporting force of the tunnel support according to the design if necessary. And (4) checking whether the seam of the tunnel segment leaks water, and immediately performing grouting plugging if the tunnel segment leaks water.
(9) And checking and recording the operation parameters of the freezing system every 2 hours, and analyzing and processing in time.
In the above freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S4 further includes: when the following conditions are satisfied: the active freezing time is not less than 45 days; and the temperature of the saline water is not higher than-28 ℃; the temperature difference between the head end and the tail end of the brine circulating pipeline is not higher than 2 ℃; and when the average temperature of the frozen wall is not higher than-10 ℃ and the surface temperature of the frozen wall is not higher than-5 ℃, judging that the excavation condition of the communication channel is met. The following conditions should be met during excavation of the specific communication channel:
(1) the positive freezing time reaches the design value, the temperature of the brine is reduced to be below minus 28 ℃, and the temperature difference of the brine in the cooling and return circuits is not more than 2 ℃.
(2) Frozen wall thickness and frozen wall mean temperature test
The design thickness of the freezing wall is 3m of the connecting channel arch part and the side wall, 2.2m of the pump room side wall and 2m of the bottom plate; the average freezing wall temperature is not higher than-10 ℃ below zero, and the interface temperature is not higher than-5 ℃.
①, calculating the average development speed of the frozen wall according to the freezing monitoring data gathered by 8 temperature measuring holes and the temperature change curve chart of the temperature measuring holes, obtaining the maximum hole distance of the effective area of the frozen wall according to the actual deflection of the frozen holes, calculating the circling time of the frozen wall, drawing a circling graph of the frozen wall, and measuring the thickness of the frozen wall.
②, calculating whether the frozen wall is formed according to the design requirement, detecting holes on the inner side and the outer side of the communication channel, namely forming small holes of phi 32 at the inner edge and the outer edge of the calculated frozen soil, monitoring the temperature change by a lower temperature measuring line, wherein the monitoring frequency is 1 time every 6 hours, the data is the same as the calculated data (close to 0 ℃) in the monitoring process, which indicates that the whole frozen wall is formed, if not, the development condition of the frozen wall is calculated reversely, and judging whether the communication channel is excavated safely according to the hole detecting condition.
③ calculating the average freezing wall temperature according to the formula of ice formation, and if it reaches-10 deg.C, it indicates that the strength of the freezing wall has reached the freezing design requirement.
④, detecting to confirm that the interface freezing temperature and the thickness of the frozen wall between the frozen wall and the tunnel segment reach the design values, selecting the position of the probing hole at the position with larger hole distance or the position with abnormal freezing, and checking the stability of the stratum in the probing hole without continuous mud and water outflow.
(3) The pressure of the pressure relief hole rises for more than 7 days, and the pressure after rising is higher than the original pore water pressure by more than 0.15 MPa.
(5) And opening the pressure relief hole to confirm that no muddy water is gushed.
In the freezing construction method of the communication channel, preferably, the step S5 includes: during the maintenance freezing period, the brine temperature is not higher than-25 ℃, and the brine flow of a single freezing hole is not less than 5m3H and maintaining uniform flow; and monitoring the surface temperature and the displacement of the exposed freezing wall, and increasing the flow of the freezing hole at the position corresponding to the freezing wall with increased temperature or deformation if the temperature of the local freezing wall is increased and the local freezing wall is deformed. The following conditions should be met during maintenance freezing when the specific communication channel is excavated:
(1) the brine temperature is kept below-25 ℃ from excavation to primary lining. The non-design allows for not increasing the brine temperature or decreasing the brine flow during excavation.
(2) During construction of the structure, maintenance freezing is carried out, but the temperature of brine is not higher than-25 ℃ (according to the past construction experience, under the same geological conditions, the construction safety can be guaranteed), and the flow rate of brine in a single freezing hole is not less than 5m 3/h.
(3) In the process of maintaining and freezing, the freezing construction monitoring must be carried out as in the process of actively freezing, so as to ensure the normal operation of a freezing system and analyze the temperature change of the freezing wall in time.
(4) In the excavation process, the surface temperature and the displacement of the exposed freezing wall are monitored every day, and if the temperature of the local freezing wall is higher and the deformation is larger, the flow of the freezing hole at the corresponding position can be increased by a method of connecting pipeline pumps in series.
(5) The insulating layer near the opening of the side channel cannot be damaged in the excavation process. When the temperature of the exposed surface of the frozen wall rises to 0 ℃, the surface of the frozen wall is subjected to heat preservation treatment, and a soft heat preservation plate with the thickness of 30mm is adopted as a heat preservation material.
(6) And stopping freezing after the concrete lining is poured.
(7) And immediately plugging the freezing hole after freezing is stopped. Firstly cutting off an orifice pipe and a freezing pipe, wherein the depth of the orifice pipe and the freezing pipe is required to be not less than 60mm, then blowing salt water in the pipes by using compressed air, and filling M10 cement mortar or concrete with the length of not less than 1.5M in the freezing pipe.
(8) And embedding a grouting pipe at the position of the freezing hole so as to facilitate grouting and plugging during water seepage.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a freezing system for freezing construction of the communication channel, which comprises a refrigerator, a cooling water system, a brine system, a freezing drain pipe and a liquid supply pipe; the refrigerator, the cooling water system and the brine system are arranged in a tunnel at one side of the communication channel, a plurality of rows of freezing calandria are laid in the tunnel at the other side along the freezing wall at the periphery of the channel, a plurality of pairs of through holes are formed between the tunnels at the two sides, the pairs of through holes are used for cooling the freezing holes of the tunnel at the opposite side and the freezing calandria, and the liquid supply pipes are arranged in the freezing pipes around the communication channel; the cooling water system comprises a cooling tower, a clean water tank and a clean water pump, the cooling tower, the clean water tank, the clean water pump and the refrigerating machine are connected through pipelines to form a circulating pipeline, control valves are respectively arranged at water inlets and water outlets of the refrigerating machine and the clean water pump and at a water inlet of the cooling tower, and a pressure gauge and a thermometer are arranged at a water outlet of the clean water pump; the brine system is including brine tank, brine pump and brine pipe, form the brine circulation pipeline through the brine union coupling between brine tank, brine pump, refrigerator and freezing calandria and the feed pipe, the control flap is installed respectively to the salt water inlet outlet of refrigerator and brine pump the delivery port installation manometer and the thermometer of brine pump, at the salt water outlet installation thermometer of every refrigerator.
Preferably, the brine is a calcium chloride solution.
In the above freezing system for freezing construction of the communication passage, preferably, the pair of perforations are provided in plurality, the plurality of perforations are parallel to each other, the plurality of brine pipes are passed through the plurality of perforations, respectively, and one end of the brine pipe is connected to the freezer, and the other end of the brine pipe is connected to the freezer discharge pipe and the liquid supply pipe.
In the above freezing system for freezing construction of the communication channel, as a preferred scheme, the freezing system for freezing construction of the communication channel further comprises a temperature measuring pipe and a pressure relief pipe, wherein the freezing pipe, the temperature measuring pipe and the pressure relief pipe are respectively installed in a freezing hole, a temperature measuring hole and a pressure relief hole, the freezing hole, the temperature measuring hole and the pressure relief hole are respectively arranged around the communication channel, and the freezing pipe, the temperature measuring pipe and the pressure relief pipe are respectively used as drill bits for drilling the freezing hole, the temperature measuring hole and the pressure relief hole.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A freezing construction method of an interconnection channel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: respectively arranging a plurality of freezing holes, a plurality of temperature measuring holes and a plurality of pressure releasing holes on two sides of the communication channel, and respectively taking the freezing pipe, the temperature measuring pipe and the pressure releasing pipe as the freezing holes, the temperature measuring holes and the pressure releasing holes corresponding to the drill rod construction;
step S2: arranging a freezing station in a tunnel at one side of the communication channel, laying a plurality of rows of freezing calandria on the tunnel at the opposite side of the freezing station along the freezing wall at the periphery of the channel, and arranging a plurality of pairs of through holes between the tunnels at the two sides, wherein the pairs of through holes are used for supplying cold to the freezing holes of the tunnel at the opposite side and the freezing calandria;
step S3: setting a freezing system in a freezing station, debugging and operating the freezing system;
step S4: actively freezing the soil between the tunnels at the two sides, measuring the temperature of the frozen soil between the tunnels at the two sides by using the temperature measuring holes, calculating the average temperature of the frozen wall, and judging that the excavation condition of the communication channel is met when the average temperature reaches a preset value;
step S5: and excavating a communication channel, maintaining and freezing frozen soil between the tunnels at two sides during excavation, and monitoring maintenance and freezing data.
2. The freezing construction method of the communication channel according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically includes:
the freezing pipe is used as a drill rod, the freezing pipe is connected by screw threads and welded to ensure the concentricity and the welding strength of the freezing pipe, the bottom of a hole is sealed by a plug after the freezing pipe reaches the designed depth, and the plug is arranged at the bottom of the freezing pipe by an extension bar;
arranging and fixing a drilling machine in the construction direction of the freezing hole, installing a drill bit into the hole device, sealing the drill bit by using a packing, repositioning the freezing hole if a drill rod is twisted off, adopting a hole repairing measure to remedy, and filling and grouting waste holes;
when drilling in the frozen hole, repeatedly checking the direction of the frozen pipe at each certain drilling depth, adjusting the position of the drilling machine, and continuing to drill after detecting that the drilling direction is not deflected;
after the freezing pipe is installed in place, a liquid supply pipe is arranged in the freezing pipe;
and constructing a temperature measuring hole and a pressure relief hole by adopting the same construction method as the freezing pipe.
3. The freezing construction method of the communication channel according to claim 2, wherein the step S3 includes:
a refrigerator, a cooling water system and a brine system are arranged at a freezing station;
the cooling water system comprises a cooling tower, a clean water tank and a clean water pump, the cooling tower, the clean water tank, the clean water pump and the refrigerating machine are connected through pipelines to form a circulating pipeline, control valves are respectively arranged at water inlets and water outlets of the refrigerating machine and the clean water pump and at a water inlet of the cooling tower, and a pressure gauge and a thermometer are arranged at a water outlet of the clean water pump;
the brine system is including brine tank, brine pump and brine pipe, form the brine circulation pipeline through the brine union coupling between brine tank, brine pump, refrigerator and freezing calandria and the feed pipe, the control flap is installed respectively to the brine inlet outlet of refrigerator and brine pump the delivery port installation manometer and the thermometer of brine pump, at the brine outlet installation thermometer of every refrigerator, the brine is the calcium chloride solution.
4. The freezing construction method of the communication channel according to claim 3, wherein the step S2 includes:
6 rows of freezing calandria are laid on the tunnel on the opposite side of the freezing station along the freezing wall on the periphery of the communication channel, the distance between the calandria is d, wherein d is more than 300mm and less than 500 mm;
the freezing calandria adopts a phi 45 multiplied by 3mm seamless steel pipe;
the freezing row pipes are closely attached to tunnel pipe pieces for laying.
5. The freezing construction method of the communication channel according to claim 3, wherein the step S4 includes:
when the positive freezing is carried out, the operation parameters of the refrigerator are adjusted according to the temperature of cooling water and the temperature of brine, so that the refrigerating efficiency of the refrigerator is improved;
the frost formation of the freezer is checked in a circulating mode after the frozen soil is unfrozen, and if the frost formation of the freezer is not uniform or the freezer is melted, a control valve is adjusted or emptying measures are taken to enable the brine flow of the freezer to be uniform;
and analyzing the formation conditions of the frozen wall according to the temperature of the temperature measuring hole and the pressure monitoring result of the pressure relief hole, wherein the formation conditions comprise the coil crossing condition, the average temperature and the expansion thickness of the frozen wall.
6. The freezing construction method of the communication channel according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 further includes:
when the following conditions are satisfied:
the active freezing time is not less than 45 days; and is
The temperature of the saline water is not higher than-28 ℃; and is
The temperature difference between the first end and the tail end of the brine circulating pipeline is not higher than 2 ℃; and is
And when the average temperature of the freezing wall is not higher than-10 ℃ and the surface temperature of the freezing wall is not higher than-5 ℃, judging that the excavation condition of the communication channel is met.
7. The freezing construction method of the communication channel according to claim 6, wherein the step S5 includes:
during the maintenance freezing period, the brine temperature is not higher than-25 ℃, and the brine flow of a single freezing hole is not less than 5m3H and maintaining uniform flow;
and monitoring the surface temperature and the displacement of the exposed freezing wall, and increasing the flow of the freezing hole at the position corresponding to the freezing wall with increased temperature or deformation if the temperature of the local freezing wall is increased and the local freezing wall is deformed.
8. A freezing system for freezing construction of a communication channel is characterized by comprising a refrigerator, a cooling water system, a brine system, a freezing row pipe and a liquid supply pipe;
the refrigerator, the cooling water system and the brine system are arranged in a tunnel at one side of the communication channel, a plurality of rows of freezing calandria are laid in the tunnel at the other side along the freezing wall at the periphery of the channel, a plurality of pairs of through holes are formed between the tunnels at the two sides, the pairs of through holes are used for cooling the freezing holes of the tunnel at the opposite side and the freezing calandria, and the liquid supply pipes are arranged in the freezing pipes around the communication channel;
the cooling water system comprises a cooling tower, a clean water tank and a clean water pump, the cooling tower, the clean water tank, the clean water pump and the refrigerating machine are connected through pipelines to form a circulating pipeline, control valves are respectively arranged at water inlets and water outlets of the refrigerating machine and the clean water pump and at a water inlet of the cooling tower, and a pressure gauge and a thermometer are arranged at a water outlet of the clean water pump;
the brine system comprises a brine tank, a brine pump and brine pipes, wherein the brine tank, the brine pump, the refrigerating machines, the refrigerating discharge pipes and the liquid supply pipes are connected through the brine pipes to form a brine circulation pipeline;
preferably, the brine is a calcium chloride solution.
9. The freezing system for freezing operation of communication channel according to claim 8, wherein said pair of through holes are plural, said plural pair of through holes are parallel to each other, plural brine pipes are passed through said plural pair of through holes, respectively, one end of said brine pipe is connected to said freezer, and the other end is connected to said freezer discharge pipe and said supply pipe.
10. The freezing system for freezing construction of the communication channel according to claim 8, wherein said freezing system for freezing construction of the communication channel further comprises a temperature measuring pipe and a pressure releasing pipe, said freezing pipe, said temperature measuring pipe and said pressure releasing pipe are respectively installed in a freezing hole, a temperature measuring hole and a pressure releasing hole, said freezing hole, said temperature measuring hole and said pressure releasing hole are respectively arranged around the communication channel, and said freezing pipe, said temperature measuring pipe and said pressure releasing pipe are respectively used as drill bits for drilling said freezing hole, said temperature measuring hole and said pressure releasing hole.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910929010.6A CN110685697A (en) | 2019-09-28 | 2019-09-28 | Freezing construction method and freezing system for connection channel |
| LU102303A LU102303B1 (en) | 2019-09-28 | 2020-06-29 | Freezing construction method for connecting passage, and freezing system |
| JP2021506939A JP7141650B2 (en) | 2019-09-28 | 2020-06-29 | Freezing method and freezing system for connecting passages |
| PCT/CN2020/099045 WO2020244677A1 (en) | 2019-09-28 | 2020-06-29 | Freezing construction method for connecting passage, and freezing system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910929010.6A CN110685697A (en) | 2019-09-28 | 2019-09-28 | Freezing construction method and freezing system for connection channel |
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| CN110685697A true CN110685697A (en) | 2020-01-14 |
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| JP (1) | JP7141650B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110685697A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU102303B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020244677A1 (en) |
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- 2019-09-28 CN CN201910929010.6A patent/CN110685697A/en active Pending
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- 2020-06-29 LU LU102303A patent/LU102303B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2020-06-29 WO PCT/CN2020/099045 patent/WO2020244677A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-06-29 JP JP2021506939A patent/JP7141650B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| LU102303B1 (en) | 2021-05-21 |
| JP7141650B2 (en) | 2022-09-26 |
| JP2021534337A (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| WO2020244677A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
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