CN106121686B - Underground excavation tunnel water stop structure for protecting groundwater environment and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Underground excavation tunnel water stop structure for protecting groundwater environment and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106121686B CN106121686B CN201610429615.5A CN201610429615A CN106121686B CN 106121686 B CN106121686 B CN 106121686B CN 201610429615 A CN201610429615 A CN 201610429615A CN 106121686 B CN106121686 B CN 106121686B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the electrified railway technology, in particular to an underground excavation tunnel water stop structure for protecting an underground water environment and a construction method thereof. This stagnant water structure includes: the tunnel water-stopping device comprises a plurality of vertical frozen soil water-stopping layers which are sequentially distributed along the tunnel direction, and a horizontal frozen soil water-stopping layer which surrounds the outer contour of the tunnel, wherein the horizontal frozen soil water-stopping layer extends along the extending direction of the tunnel; the vertical frozen soil water stopping layer is intersected with the horizontal frozen soil water stopping layer, and the bottom of the vertical frozen soil water stopping layer is lower than the bottom of the horizontal frozen soil water stopping layer; and a tunnel lining structure is arranged between the horizontal frozen soil water stopping layer and the tunnel. According to the invention, the cup-shaped frozen soil water stopping layer is constructed by adopting the vertical frozen soil water stopping layer and the horizontal frozen soil water stopping layer, so that the groundwater environment is protected, and the groundwater quality is prevented from being polluted in the tunnel construction process. By adopting the freezing water-stopping structure, large-scale drainage construction is avoided, precious underground water resources are saved, and meanwhile, the sedimentation deformation of surrounding adjacent buildings and structures caused by drainage construction is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric railway technologies, in particular to for protecting the bored tunnel of groundwater environment to stop
Water-bound and its construction method.
Background technique
Subway construction for region of FuShui, when subway tunnel uses shallow mining method, using sealing or drainage position
Underground water within the scope of reason tunnel excavation is the element task before tunnel excavation.Currently, China's subway tunnel sealing generally uses
Ejection for water plugging or rotary churning pile water stopping, both sealing modes require to inject cement grout into soil layer, polluted underground water water
Matter, while cement grout flow direction is not easy to control, is easy the seepage channel of blocking underground water, changes the percolation path of underground water.And
Using drainaging scheme, by the valuable groundwater resources of waste, while draining caused level of ground water reduction and easily causing periphery neighbouring
It builds, the sedimentation and deformation of structures.
With urbanization progress and economic development, subway solves one of the main means of urban transport problems by becoming.But
It is that it is all kinds of often to cause surface subsidence, karst collapse, wall rock destabilization etc. during subway construction since geological conditions difference is larger
The problems of geo-environment can also cause all kinds of water environmental problems such as tunnel gushing water, water level decreasing, water pollution.
To avoid all kinds of engineering problems caused in Metro Construction or reducing influence of the subway engineering to surrounding enviroment,
Domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large amount of research to correlative protection governing measure and method.Albert Weiler (1983) is based on moral
Will Duisburg Quaternary Strata condition sums up subway construction method-gap concretion method.Sun Yazhe (2003) is directed to Nanjing
Traffic tunnel is built there may be the problems of geo-environment such as water pollution, surface subsidence, surface collapse, tunnel gushing waters under the XuanWu Lake,
To reduce the influence to groundwater environment, it is proposed that limitation cutting depth and protection natural sludge layer, using banketing for good water permeability
The small construction material of material, pollution, chemical grout avoid large area artificial rainmaking using freezing sealing construction scheme.It sets a prairie fire side
(2004) it is directed to influence of the karst to Guangzhou Metro Construction, proposes to carry out karst water segregation using freezing and High-Pressure Grouting Method,
To solution cavity using grouting and pattern handling.Xing Wei river bend (2004) analyze Metro Construction may be to the influence of water quality, it is proposed that
Using small construction material and chemical grout is polluted in engineering construction, the change for analyzing groundwater flow condition can also make
Engineering stability be deteriorated cause differential settlement, it is proposed that optimization each construction parameter of shield, and using corresponding engineering method such as every
Disconnected, soil stabilization, structure trunk reinforcing and foundation underpinning etc. are to reduce the influence to ambient enviroment.C.O.Aksoy(2008)
The surface subsidence problem for analyzing the initiation of Turkey's Izmir subway station engineering dewatering maintains country rock by chemical grouting means
Stability effectively prevents surface subsidence and restores level of ground water to previous level.Li Guangtao (2009) is for Guangzhou
Molten, soil cave unfavorable geological condition present in No. three line engineering constructions of iron is handled, and the rock of shield and open cut is clearly proposed
Molten treatment measures.R.Galler (2009) proposes the new Austrian method for tunnel construction (NATM) of a set of economic security, the party
Method was rapidly developed in recent years in Australia.Fu Zhifeng (2010) is for possible in No. 2 line engineering constructions of Wuhan subway
The geotechnical engineering problems such as quaternary formation, Karst Geological Landscape, the underground water of appearance, propose engineering dewatering design, diaphram wall,
Slip casting blocks the precautionary measures such as waterproofing work.Long Yankui (2012) analyzes influence of the karst to subway engineering, emphatically to karst
The influence factor of cave stability is explored, and proposes the karst cave of digging up and filling in, slip casing by pressure, works leap
Treatment measures.It is therefore seen that the previous treatment research focused on to certain the problems of geo-environment, and it is anti-for engineering should be carried out. more
Shield processing takes into account spring water again and the research of water quality protection is also more rare at present.
Summary of the invention
The bored tunnel water sealing structure and its construction that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of for protecting groundwater environment
Method, the problem of to solve in tunnel work progress to Groundwater Pollution, protect groundwater resources.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment comprising：Edge
Multiple vertical frozen soil sealing layers that tunnel direction is sequentially distributed, the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer around tunnel outer profile, the water
It puts down to frozen soil sealing layer and extends with the extending direction in the tunnel；The vertical frozen soil sealing layer and horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer phase
It hands over, and the bottom of the vertical frozen soil sealing layer is lower than the bottom of the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer；The horizontal direction frozen soil stops
Tunnel lining structure is set between water layer and tunnel, sprays thermal insulation concrete layer, the guarantor on the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer
Warm concrete layer includes：Air entrained concrete, 0.5%~2% efficient accelerator, 0.5%~2% latex powder and 3%~7%
Fiber.
In some embodiments, preferably, the tunnel lining structure includes：Inwardly successively from horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer
For：Thermal insulation concrete layer, plastic draining board layer, the EVA splash guard of injection add geotextile layer, secondary moulded lining layer.
In some embodiments, preferably, the vertical frozen soil sealing layer with a thickness of 1.0 meters~3.0 meters；And/or institute
State horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer with a thickness of 1.0 meters~3.0 meters.
In some embodiments, preferably, the distance of two neighboring vertical frozen soil sealing layer is 20~80 meters.
In some embodiments, preferably, between the two neighboring vertical frozen soil sealing layer, the horizontal direction frozen soil stops
Multiple freezing holes are equipped in water layer, all freezing holes are radial along tunnel line.
In some embodiments, preferably, the angle of the drilling of the freezing hole and tunnel center line is 0.5~1.5 °；
And/or the bore dia that freezes is 50~200 millimeters；And/or the spacing of adjacent freezing hole is 500~1000 millimeters；And/or
The distance between outer layer of the freezing hole and tunnel lining structure is 200~800 millimeters.
In some embodiments, preferably, the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer and the vertical frozen soil sealing layer are averaged
Temperature is not higher than -10 DEG C.
The construction method for the bored tunnel water sealing structure that the present invention also provides a kind of for protecting groundwater environment, packet
It includes：
Constructing tunnel is divided into multiple construction sections；
In the excavation starting point of each construction section, construction shaft is set；
By design orientation and angle excursion, the drilling for carrying out freezing hole and thermometer hole in a like fashion is adopted；Wherein freezing
Tie tripping in freezing pipe in hole, the tripping in liquid supply pipe in the freezing pipe；
Refrigeration system is freezed in installation, will freeze refrigeration system and is connected respectively with thermometer hole, liquid supply pipe；
Freeze operation is carried out, vertical frozen soil sealing layer, horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer are constructed；
After vertical frozen soil sealing layer, the thickness of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer and intensity reach preset requirement, freeze to apply
After work enters maintenance freezing period, tunnel excavation is carried out by arc leading pit partial excavation method or benching tunnelling method；
Construct tunnel lining structure.
In some embodiments, preferably, the drilling of the freezing hole includes：
Determine freezing pipe, relief tube, the specification of liquid supply pipe, equipment of drilling；
Drilling machine platform is built, position is increased in the drilling machine platform setting layering；
Freezing hole aperture, the drilling mounting hole pipe of each freezing hole；
By the fixed drilling machine of freezing hole design orientation, freezing pipe is put into drilling, to seal head after projected depth under freezing pipe
Portion seals the gap of freezing pipe and orifice tube；Freezing pipe and freezing hole concentricity, freezing hole leak test pressure is in 0.7~1.0MPa；
The tripping in liquid supply pipe in freezing pipe, liquid supply pipe bottom end welding support, and outlet and circuit goat's horn are installed, and freeze
Pipe end-cap.
In some embodiments, preferably, described to freeze in refrigeration system, in outlet saline line, circuit saline line
It is respectively mounted pressure gauge, temperature sensor, control valve；And/or Brine Pipe outlet installation flowmeter；And/or brine distributing ring and freeze
Tie two valves that control freezing phase brine flow is installed between device；And/or the eminence of saline line installs vent valve；With/
Or, refrigerant agent uses calcium chloride solution, specific gravity 1.265.
In some embodiments, preferably, polystyrene foam plastics insulating layer, modeling are set gradually outside the saline line
Expect film.
In some embodiments, preferably, freezing refrigeration system further includes freezing unit, the evaporator of the freezing unit
And cryogenic pipe is kept the temperature with flex foam, brine tank and salt water conduit tube are kept the temperature with polystyrol plastic foam plate.
In some embodiments, preferably, the freeze operation includes：
In the case where adjusting pressure, temperature at any time, refrigeration system is freezed in operating；
In freezing process, timing detects brine temp, brine flow and frozen soil sealing layer spread scenarios；
It determines that horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer has formed loop connecting structure, and reaches preset thickness；
Determine inside horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer in non-frozen soil 2 meters or more without freezing water；
After being excavated in soil layer, determine that thickness, surface temperature and the deformation of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer reach preset requirement；
Into maintenance freezing period；In maintenance freezing period, if frozen soil sealing layer expansion rate is more than preset value, frozen soil sealing layer
Bearing capacity, the super pre-value of stability, then brine temp be not higher than -20 DEG C in the case where, improve brine temp.
It is provided in an embodiment of the present invention for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure and construction method of groundwater environment, and it is existing
There is technology to compare, using vertical frozen soil sealing layer, the frozen soil sealing layer of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer building cup-shaped, protects underground water
Environment avoids polluted underground water water quality during constructing tunnel.By using water sealing structure is freezed, avoids a wide range of draining and apply
Work has saved valuable groundwater resources, at the same avoid periphery caused by drainage construction it is neighbouring build, the sedimentation of structures becomes
Shape.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is in one embodiment of the invention for protecting the general layout of the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment
Profilograph；
Fig. 2 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of tunnel water sealing structure in Fig. 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is tunnel water sealing structure detail structure profilograph in Fig. 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for freezing refrigeration system in one embodiment of the invention in tunnel water sealing structure.
Note：1 vertical shaft；2 tunnel lining structures；3 horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layers；4 tunnels；5 vertical frozen soil sealing layers；6 freeze
Pipe；7 cooling towers；8 fresh water pumps；9 freezing units；10 starting cabinets；11 brine tanks；12 brine pumps；13 freezing pipes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment combination attached drawing.
In view of water is Source of life and the precious resources that city is depended on for existence and development, China has more than half
City there are problems that lacking, and therefore, it is engineering technology that valuable groundwater resources how are protected during metro construction
The key technical problem that personnel intend to solve, such as this city well-known with spring in Jinan, protect the water quality and water of spring,
Matter of utmost importance even more in subway construction.The technical issues of present invention intends to solve be in region of FuShui subway tunnel process of construction such as
What protection underground water realizes safely and fast efficiently excavating for subway tunnel in the case where not precipitation.Therefore solution is clearly required
The technical issues of be:
(1) pollution problem of the constructing metro tunnel in the process to quality of groundwater is solved；
(2) protection of the constructing metro tunnel in the process to underground water water resource is solved, avoids reducing groundwater level, avoid
Change seepage action of ground water path, protects spring.
The bored tunnel water sealing structure for protecting groundwater environment is provided thus comprising：Successively along tunnel direction
Multiple vertical frozen soil sealing layers, the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer around tunnel outer profile of distribution, the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing
Layer extends with the extending direction in the tunnel；The vertical frozen soil sealing layer intersects with horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer, and described perpendicular
It is lower than the bottom of the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer to the bottom of frozen soil sealing layer；The horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer and tunnel it
Between tunnel lining structure is set, thermal insulation concrete layer, the thermal insulation concrete layer packet are sprayed on the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer
It includes：Air entrained concrete, 0.5%~2% efficient accelerator, 0.5%~2% latex powder and 3%~7% fiber.
Its construction method includes：
Constructing tunnel is divided into multiple construction sections；
In the excavation starting point of each construction section, construction shaft is set；
By design orientation and angle excursion, the drilling for carrying out freezing hole and thermometer hole in a like fashion is adopted；Wherein freezing
Tie tripping in freezing pipe in hole, the tripping in liquid supply pipe in freezing pipe；
Refrigeration system is freezed in installation, will freeze refrigeration system and is connected respectively with thermometer hole, liquid supply pipe；
Freeze operation is carried out, vertical frozen soil sealing layer, horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer are constructed；
After vertical frozen soil sealing layer, the thickness of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer and intensity reach preset requirement, freeze to apply
After work enters maintenance freezing period, tunnel excavation is carried out by arc leading pit partial excavation method or benching tunnelling method；
Construct tunnel lining structure.
Using vertical frozen soil sealing layer, the frozen soil sealing layer of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer building cup-shaped, underground water ring is protected
Border avoids polluted underground water water quality during constructing tunnel.By using water sealing structure is freezed, avoids a wide range of draining and apply
Work has saved valuable groundwater resources, at the same avoid periphery caused by drainage construction it is neighbouring build, the sedimentation of structures becomes
Shape.
Next, the technology is described in detail：
It is a kind of for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment, as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3 comprising：Along tunnel 4
Multiple vertical frozen soil sealing layers 5 that direction is sequentially distributed, the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3 around 4 outer profile of tunnel, horizontal direction are frozen
Native sealing layer 3 extends with the extending direction in tunnel 4；Vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5 collectively forms one with horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3
Cupuliform water sealing structure.Vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5 intersects with horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3, and the bottom of vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5 is low
In the bottom of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3, i.e., the depth of vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5 should be greater than horizontal frozen soil at 4 bottom plate of tunnel and stop
The depth of water layer.Vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5 is connect with horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3, is formed closed water sealing structure, is prevented tunnel
Underground water other than 4 excavation regions enters inside water sealing structure.The mean temperature of effective frozen soil sealing layer is not higher than -10 DEG C, opens
Frozen soil sealing layer surface temperature is lower than -3 DEG C when digging.
The thickness of vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5 is intended to be 1.0m~3.0m range, and the width of vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5 need to be according to tunnel
The span and 4 horizontal direction of tunnel in road 4 are freezed width and are determined.
Horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3 is laid along 4 contour line of tunnel, forms closed circumferential frozen soil sealing collar, and horizontal direction is frozen
The thickness of native sealing layer 3 is determined according to parameters such as 4 buried depth of tunnel, water pressure, ground loads, need to meet wanting for surrounding rock stability
It asks, thickness is intended to be 1.0m~3.0m range.The length of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3 is determined according to segment length is freezed, and is intended to be 20
~80m.
The construction of vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5：Starting point is excavated in tunnel 4, construction shaft 1 is set, generally using subway
Foundation pit stand as construction shaft 1；Tunnel 4 is divided into several freeze sections along 4 line alignment of tunnel, each freezing segment length is about
Vertical frozen soil sealing layer 5 is arranged in 20~80m at freeze section segmentation.
The construction of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3：Expand 4 section of tunnel in each freeze section junction, forms working pit,
Sets freezing hole along 4 contour line of tunnel in working pit, freezes the quasi- selection 50mm~200mm of bore dia, freeze pitch of holes 500~
The clear spacing of 1000mm, freezing hole and 4 supporting construction outer profile of tunnel is intended to be 200~800mm.Freezing hole is in along 4 route of tunnel
Radial drilling, the angle for freezing hole drilling and 4 center line of tunnel are intended to be 0.5~1.5 °.Lower freezing pipe 6, freezes in freezing hole
Lower infusion tube in pipe.
In order to reduce energy consumption, the heat insulation effect of refrigeration system is improved, between horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3 and tunnel 4
Tunnel lining structure 2 is set.Tunnel lining structure 2 includes：It is inwardly followed successively by from horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer 3：The heat preservation of injection
Concrete layer, plastic draining board layer, EVA splash guard add geotextile layer, secondary moulded lining layer.After tunnel 4 excavates, spray in time
One layer of heat preservation concrete, jet thickness are intended to be 10~30cm.Thermal insulation concrete is also known as air entrained concrete, foam concrete, hair
Concrete is steeped, the scope of heat preserving and insulating material is belonged to, can be prevented or reduce with extraneous generation heat exchange, the tool that reduction heat dissipates
There is the special concrete of certain Physical and mechanical properties.
Thermal insulation concrete is constructed using wet shot method, in order to reduce the mobility of foam concrete, improves viscosity and attachment
Power, in foam concrete increase by 0.5%~2% (BASF) efficiently accelerator, 0.5%~2% (ternary) latex powder and
3%~7% fiber.
The construction method of above-mentioned bored tunnel water sealing structure is provided below, specifically includes：
Step 101, constructing tunnel is divided into multiple construction sections；
Step 102, construction shaft is set in the excavation starting point of each construction section；
Step 103, freezing pipe creeps into work；
First part：Freezing pipe, temperature tube, relief tube and liquid supply pipe specification
108 × 8mm of ф low-carbon seamless steel pipe can be selected in freezing pipe, and single pipe length is 1.5~2m, using threaded connection
And manual repair welding, temperature tube and the same freezing pipe of hydrology pipe tubing.62 × 6mm of liquid supply pipe ф can be selected enhancing vinyl tube or
15# steel pipe.
Second part：It drills lectotype selection
2, MKG-5S type drilling machine can be selected.2, BW-250/50 slush pump, flow 250l/min can be selected.Drilling machine and
Slush pump general power is 41kw.
Freezing hole drilling special combination drilling tool pipe-following drilling can be used.Special TY-1 type high-precision can be used in drillhole inclination survey
Horizontal drilling gyrolevel, drilling superficial part are calibrated with theodolite Inclination Measurement by Light.
Part III：Freezing hole quality requirement
According to construction reference point, freezing hole is arranged by freezing hole construction figure.Hole location deviation should not exceed 100mm.Freezing hole
110mm can be selected in aperture.Freezing hole drilling depth error is -0.2~+0.3m.Hole deviation controls within 0.8 ‰.
Part IV：Drilling machine platform is built
Drilling machine platform is built using full hall scaffold pipe, and scaffold tube interplanar spacing is 0.6m × 0.6m.Platform is completely spread
60mm thickness deal board, borer chassis underlay 200mm × 200mm lumps of wood.According to hole site is freezed, drilling machine platform is increased in layering.
Step 104：By design orientation and angle excursion, the drilling for carrying out freezing hole and thermometer hole in a like fashion is adopted；
The wherein tripping in freezing pipe in freezing hole, the tripping in liquid supply pipe in freezing pipe；
The step specifically includes：
Step 104-1, freezing hole aperture
Freezing hole can use the core drill aperture of Φ 160mm diamond.Each drilling mounting hole pipe, orifice tube can use ф 159
The processing of × 8mm seamless steel pipe.When drilling, orifice tube mounting hole sealing device.
Step 104-2, freezing hole drilling are installed with frigo
1. by the fixed drilling machine of freezing hole design orientation requirement.Freezing pipe is put into drilling.To after projected depth under freezing pipe
Seal header joints.
2. in order to guarantee borehole accuracy, aperture section drilling is crucial.When creeping into preceding 10~20m, drilling rod side is checked repeatedly
To, adjustment drilling machine position, and can continue to creep into after detecting deflection no problem with theodolite or gyroscope.
3. to be first piped before in freezing pipe tripping in hole, guarantee freezing pipe concentricity.Under after good freezing pipe, carried out with inclinometer
Deviational survey, then repetition measurement freezes hole depth.Tube head is freezed in sealing after freezing length of tube and deflection qualification, and carries out suppressing leak test.
Freezing hole leak test pressure controls between 0.7~1.0MPa, and stablizing 30 minutes unchanged persons of pressure is that pressure testing is qualified.
4. freezing pipe is after the installation is completed, with the gap of plugging material sealing freezing pipe and orifice tube.
5. the tripping in liquid supply pipe in freezing pipe.The effective pipe collar connection of feed flow, the bracket of 0.2m high is welded in liquid supply pipe bottom end.So
Installation goes, circuit goat's horn and freezes pipe end-cap afterwards.
Thermometric hole construction method is identical as freezing pipe.
Step 105, installation freeze refrigeration system, will freeze refrigeration system respectively with freezing pipe 13, thermometer hole, liquid supply pipe phase
Even；
The installation diagram for freezing refrigeration system can refer to attached drawing 4.Installation steps specifically include：
Step 105-1 freezes refrigeration equipment type selecting and circuit design
1. YSKF600 type, which can be selected, freezes unit, 1 set, YSKF300 type freezing unit is 2 sets each (wherein 1 set spare).When
Brine temp is at -30 DEG C, and when cooling water temperature is 28 DEG C, the refrigerating capacity of Freezing Station is about 240000kcal/h, 9 electricity of freezing unit
Machine general power is 305kw.
2. 8Sh-13 (A) salt water circulating pump 2 (wherein 1 spare), flow 270m3/h, lift 36m, motor can be selected
Power 45kw；IS200-150-250 cooling water circulating pump 1, flow 400m3/h, lift 20m is selected, motor general power
37kw；.
3. DBN3-200 type cooling tower 7,2, motor general power 11kw can be selected.
4. setting brine tank 11 1, volume 6m3.
5. salt water conduit tube sum aggregate liquid distribution pipe selects ф 219 × 8mm seamless steel pipe, salt water conduit tube length is 380m.Collect, match
Liquid pipe is connect with goat's horn selects 1.5 " high-pressure rubber pipes.
6. " welded tube installs thermometer in refrigerator inlet and outlet pipes to cooling water pipe with 5.
7. going, installing pressure gauge, temperature sensor and control valve in the saline line of circuit.It exports and installs in Brine Pipe
Flowmeter.
8. installing two, valve, between brine distributing ring and frigo so as to control freezing device brine flow.
9. the eminence in saline line installs vent valve.
10. salt water and clear water pipeline pressure resistance are respectively 0.7MPa and 0.3MPa.
(11) the cooling water amount of each Freezing Station is 30m3/h, maximum total electricity consumption about 398kw.
(12) other：Refrigerator oil selects N40 refrigerator oil.Refrigerant selects R22 refrigerant.Refrigerant agent is molten using calcium chloride
Liquid is as refrigerating cycle salt water.Salt water specific gravity is 1.265.
Step 105-2, the installation of Freezing Station Housing, Furniture, Furnishing And Equipment
Station equipment mainly includes power distribution cabinet (i.e. starting cabinet 10), freezing unit 9, brine tank 11, brine pump 12, fresh water pump
8, cooling tower 7 and clear water reserviors etc..Equipment is installed to be carried out by the requirement of equipment operating manual.
Control valve is installed between water pump inlet and outlet, salt water conduit tube both ends, collection brine distributing ring and frigo.Condenser into
Outlet installation temperature measuring point；Going to circuit salt water conduit tube both ends that temperature and pressure measuring point is installed；The salt water conduit tube outlet installation in circuit
Electromagnetic flowmeter；Flow measurement circuit is installed between each frigo and collection brine distributing ring；In brine tank installation liquid level instruction report
Alert device.
In some embodiments, Freezing Station assembled prefabricated house, 3.5 meters of clear height, wall and roof are laid with soundproof plate, clear water reserviors
With brick masonry, cement plaster, pond is 0.7 meter high.
Step 105-3, piping connection, heat preservation and test instrumentation are installed
Salt water and cooling water pipeline with pipe support directly on the ground, flanged joint.It goes, circuit salt water conduit tube pipe support is consolidated
It is scheduled on the active well borehole wall.Thermometer, pressure gauge and flowmeter installation are carried out by design.Saline line is used after leak test, cleaning
Polystyrene foam plastics heat preservation, the outside of insulation layer thickness 50mm, insulating layer are wrapped up with plastic film.
Freeze the evaporator of unit and the flex foam heat preservation of cryogenic pipe 50mm thickness, brine tank and salt water conduit tube
It is kept the temperature with the polystyrol plastic foam plate of 50mm thickness.
Step 105-4, dissolves calcium chloride and unit fills fluorine oiling
About 1/4 clear water is first injected in brine tank, then turn on pump recycles and be gradually added solid calcium chloride, until salt water
Concentration reaches design requirement.Impurity is removed when dissolving calcium chloride.Salt water in brine tank cannot fill too full, in order to avoid it is higher than salt
Brine tank is overflowed when the freezing pipe salt water reflux of tank port.
Unit fills fluorine and refrigerator refuels and carries out according to the requirement of equipment operating manual.The inspection of refrigeration system is carried out first
Leakage and nitrogen rinse, and after ensuring system ne-leakage, then fill fluorine oiling.
Step 106, freeze operation is carried out, vertical frozen soil sealing layer, horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer are constructed；
The step includes：
Step 106-1, freezing system test running with actively freeze
Equipment carries out debugging and test running after the installation is completed.In test running, each state such as pressure, temperature is adjusted at any time
Parameter runs unit under the conditions of in relation to the technical parameter of technological procedure and design requirement.In freezing process, timing is detected
Brine temp, brine flow and frozen soil sealing layer spread scenarios,
Freezing system operating parameter is adjusted when necessary.Freezing system enters after working well actively to be freezed.It is required that in one week
Brine temp is down to -20 DEG C or less.
Step 106-2, examination is dug to be freezed with maintenance
It is observed according to hydrology hole and determines that frozen soil sealing layer has handed over circle, and judge that frozen soil sealing layer reaches according to observed temperature
After design thickness, then with core drill 2m or more in non-frozen soil is squeezed into inside frozen soil sealing layer, without moving water in confirmation frozen soil sealing layer.
It is then possible to which subregion opens the active well borehole wall.After being excavated in soil layer, thickness, surface temperature and the change of frozen soil sealing layer are surveyed
Shape such as has reached design requirement, then can enter normal construction, otherwise should stop tunneling, reinforce freezing, and analyze reason, take
Corresponding measure.
Tunnel enters maintenance freezing period after formally tunneling.In principle, brine temp and salt water are freezed in the maintenance during driving
Flow with actively freeze it is identical, as according to site-test analysis, proved frozen soil sealing layer expansion rate than estimated in construction really
Fastly, frozen soil sealing layer has enough bearing capacities and stability, has met design requirement, can properly increase brine temp, but most
Height is not above -20 DEG C.Start after doing liner, in the case where ensuring outer lining safety, brine temp can be improved, or even in advance
Stopping is freezed.
Step 107, when vertical frozen soil sealing layer, the thickness of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer and intensity reach preset requirement
Afterwards, after frozen construction enters maintenance freezing period, tunnel excavation is carried out by arc leading pit partial excavation method or benching tunnelling method；
When frozen soil layer effective thickness and intensity reach requirement, frozen construction enters after maintenance freezing period by arc leading pit branch
Excavating load or benching tunnelling method are constructed, and when excavation, the soil layer that does not freeze of selection hand excavation first recycles pneumatic pick driving to freeze
Soil.Pay attention to：Freezing curtain exposure temperature must not be higher than -5 DEG C, and exposure duration control is in for 24 hours
Step 108, tunnel lining structure is constructed.
The step specifically includes：
Step 108-1 sprays thermal insulation concrete
One layer of heat preservation concrete is sprayed after tunnel excavation in time, jet thickness is intended to be 10~30cm.Thermal insulation concrete uses
The construction of wet shot method improves viscosity and adhesive force, increases in foam concrete to reduce the mobility of foam concrete
The efficient accelerator of 0.5%~2% BASF, 0.5%~2% ternary latex powder and 3%~7% fiber.
Step 108-2, pours Tunnel Second Lining
Tunnel Second Lining should ensure that lining thickness and lapped length of steel bar.Strict control measurement prevents tunnel to owe to dig, steel
When muscle is bound, special messenger is responsible for, and circumferential, the longitudinal reinforcement lap of splice is respectively 35~25 times of bar diameter.
To guarantee that strength of lining is not less than the requirement of C30, concrete mix proportion experiment should be made before construction, determined by test
Optimum mix, and be strictly controlled, make up to design requirement.
Lining cutting is using homemade simple steel formwork trolley construction, and strict control die shape size cannot invade lining when formwork erection
Inner outline is built, and is no more than 50mm outward, is responsible for by footman survey crew, and blocked up bulkhead, to guarantee outside form joint
Not spillage liquid.
To accelerate concrete hardening and preventing part freezing, the J851 that cement weight 2.5%~4% is added in concrete is early
The MRT early strength antifreezing agent of strong antifreeze water-reducing agent and cement weight 3%~4%, both materials have improvement concrete and easy
Property and density, enhance the anti-permeability performance and freexing tolerance of concrete, and reinforce concrete vibrating in construction, prevent honeycomb fiber crops
Face.
Tunnel Second Lining should reinforce the continuity of concrete construction, reinforce to concrete curing, to prevent frozen soil to mixed
Solidifying soil has freeze injury.
The present invention has the following advantages that：
(1) groundwater environment is protected, polluted underground water water quality during constructing tunnel is avoided.
(2) by using water sealing structure is freezed, a wide range of drainage construction is avoided, has saved valuable groundwater resources,
Avoid simultaneously periphery caused by drainage construction it is neighbouring build, the sedimentation and deformation of structures.
(3) by the way that thermal insulation concrete is arranged between Tunnel Second Lining and frozen soil sealing layer, frozen soil sealing layer is improved
Thermal insulation property, slow down frozen soil sealing layer with the heat transfer in tunnel, considerably reduce and freeze expense.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment, which is characterized in that including：Successively along tunnel direction
Multiple vertical frozen soil sealing layers, the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer around tunnel outer profile of distribution, horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer shape
At closed circumferential frozen soil sealing collar, the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer extends with the extending direction in the tunnel；It is described vertical
Frozen soil sealing layer intersects with horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer, and the bottom of the vertical frozen soil sealing layer is lower than the horizontal direction frozen soil
The bottom of sealing layer；Tunnel lining structure is set between the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer and tunnel, tunnel lining structure includes：
It is inwardly followed successively by from horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer：Thermal insulation concrete layer, plastic draining board layer, the EVA splash guard of injection add geotechnique
Layer of cloth, secondary moulded lining layer；Thermal insulation concrete layer, the thermal insulation concrete layer packet are sprayed on the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer
It includes：Air entrained concrete, 0.5%~2% efficient accelerator, 0.5%~2% latex powder and 3%~7% fiber.
2. as described in claim 1 for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment, which is characterized in that described perpendicular
To frozen soil sealing layer with a thickness of 1.0 meters~3.0 meters；And/or the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer with a thickness of 1.0 meters~3.0
Rice.
3. as described in claim 1 for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment, which is characterized in that adjacent two
The distance of a vertical frozen soil sealing layer is 20~80 meters.
4. as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment, feature exists
In between the two neighboring vertical frozen soil sealing layer, equipped with multiple freezing holes, Suo Yousuo in the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer
It is radial along tunnel line to state freezing hole.
5. as claimed in claim 4 for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment, which is characterized in that the jelly
The angle of the drilling and tunnel center line of tying hole is 0.5~1.5 °；And/or the bore dia that freezes is 50~200 millimeters；With/
Or the spacing of adjacent freezing hole is 500~1000 millimeters；And/or between the freezing hole and the outer layer of tunnel lining structure
Distance is 200~800 millimeters.
6. as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for protecting the bored tunnel water sealing structure of groundwater environment, feature exists
In the mean temperature of the horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer and the vertical frozen soil sealing layer is not higher than -10 DEG C.
7. a kind of construction method of the bored tunnel water sealing structure for protecting groundwater environment, which is characterized in that including：
Constructing tunnel is divided into multiple construction sections；
In the excavation starting point of each construction section, construction shaft is set；
By design orientation and angle excursion, the drilling for carrying out freezing hole and thermometer hole in a like fashion is adopted；Wherein in freezing hole
Middle tripping in freezing pipe, the tripping in liquid supply pipe in the freezing pipe；
Refrigeration system is freezed in installation, will freeze refrigeration system and is connected respectively with thermometer hole, liquid supply pipe；
Freeze operation is carried out, vertical frozen soil sealing layer, horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer are constructed；
After vertical frozen soil sealing layer, the thickness of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer and intensity reach preset requirement, frozen construction into
Enter after safeguarding freezing period, carries out tunnel excavation by arc leading pit partial excavation method or benching tunnelling method；
Construct tunnel lining structure.
8. construction method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the drilling of the freezing hole includes：
Determine freezing pipe, relief tube, the specification of liquid supply pipe, equipment of drilling；
Drilling machine platform is built, position is increased in the drilling machine platform setting layering；
Freezing hole aperture, the drilling mounting hole pipe of each freezing hole；
By the fixed drilling machine of freezing hole design orientation, freezing pipe is put into drilling, it is close to seal header joints after projected depth under freezing pipe
Seal the gap of freezing pipe and orifice tube；Freezing pipe and freezing hole concentricity, freezing hole leak test pressure is in 0.7~1.0MPa；
The tripping in liquid supply pipe in freezing pipe, liquid supply pipe bottom end welding support, and outlet and circuit goat's horn are installed, and freeze pipe end
Lid.
9. construction method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that described to freeze in refrigeration system, outlet saline line is returned
Pressure gauge, temperature sensor, control valve are respectively mounted in the saline line of road；And/or Brine Pipe outlet installation flowmeter；With/
Or, installing two valves of control freezing phase brine flow between brine distributing ring and frigo；And/or the eminence peace of saline line
Put air valve；And/or refrigerant agent uses calcium chloride solution, specific gravity 1.265.
10. construction method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that set gradually polystyrene bubble outside the saline line
Foam plastic, thermal-insulation layer, plastic film.
11. construction method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that freezing refrigeration system further includes freezing unit, described cold
The evaporator and cryogenic pipe for freezing unit are kept the temperature with flex foam, brine tank and salt water conduit tube polystyrene foam plastics
Plate heat preservation.
12. such as the described in any item construction methods of claim 7-11, which is characterized in that the freeze operation includes：
In the case where adjusting pressure, temperature at any time, refrigeration system is freezed in operating；
In freezing process, timing detects brine temp, brine flow and frozen soil sealing layer spread scenarios；
It determines that horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer has formed loop connecting structure, and reaches preset thickness；
It is squeezed into inside frozen soil sealing layer 2 meters or more in non-frozen soil with core drill, without dynamic water in confirmation frozen soil sealing layer；
After being excavated in soil layer, determine that thickness, surface temperature and the deformation of horizontal direction frozen soil sealing layer reach preset requirement；
Into maintenance freezing period；In maintenance freezing period, if frozen soil sealing layer expansion rate is more than preset value, frozen soil sealing layer is held
Power, the super pre-value of stability are carried, then in the case where brine temp is not higher than -20 DEG C, improves brine temp.
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| CN108005660A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-05-08 | 党文华 | A kind of Optimization of Expressway Tunnel Construction method |
| CN108286432B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-07-26 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of salt water conduit tube automatic air eliminator |
| CN108222970A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-29 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | High and cold area human settlements underground works insulation construction |
| CN108397202B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-08-16 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Freeze the leading excavation method of base tunnel in multi-step under advance support |
| CN110132211B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2021-08-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Interlayer gap monitoring method and system for double-layer lining structure |
| CN114320219A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆交通大学 | Karst borehole fracture water rapid plugging device and method |
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| CN102839670A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-26 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Shallow foundation pit freezing enclosure and construction method thereof |
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| CN205260038U (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-05-25 | 海南大学 | Wall reinforced structure is freezed to shield tunnel end box |
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| JP6156973B2 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-07-05 | 株式会社ケー・エフ・シー | How to build a tunnel structure |
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| CN102839670A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-26 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Shallow foundation pit freezing enclosure and construction method thereof |
| CN204877506U (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-16 | 长安大学 | Indoor test device in han qu tunnel |
| CN105297742A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-03 | 北京城建集团有限责任公司 | Structure and method of water stopping support of underground space |
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