CN110681671B - Rural domestic waste sorting unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sorting device for rural domestic waste, which relates to the technical field of waste treatment, and includes a sorting and crushing box, a sorting and degradation box, a liquid collection box, a crushing and conveying device, a vibrating screen, a feeding conveyor, and a first magnetic separation device. , The second magnetic separation device and controller, the separation and crushing box is an open structure at the bottom, the separation and crushing box is fixed on the upper surface of the liquid collection box, the top plate of the liquid collection box is provided with a plurality of water filtering holes, the separation and crushing box is The outlet of the vibrating screen is connected with the inlet of the vibrating screen, the vibrating screen is provided with an outlet for oversize and an outlet for undersize, the oversize outlet is connected with the first magnetic separation device, and the undersize outlet passes through the feeding conveyor and the separation of the sorting and degradation box. The inlet is connected, a residue outlet is arranged at the bottom of the other side of the sorting and degradation box, a second magnetic separation device is arranged below the residue outlet, and a light-weight garbage picking device and a residue pushing device are arranged in the sorting and degradation box. The device has high-efficiency sorting and processing capabilities, and can realize the effective utilization of garbage.

Description

A kind of rural household garbage sorting device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage disposal, in particular to a sorting device for rural domestic garbage.

Background technique

Rural domestic waste refers to the solid waste generated by the rural population in their daily life or activities that provide services for daily life, as well as the waste that is regarded as domestic waste by laws and administrative regulations. Rural domestic waste includes kitchen waste, melon and fruit peel, straw, livestock manure, plastic, paper, cloth, metal, glass, rubber, leather, masonry, ash, etc. Sorting before waste treatment is a very important link. Therefore, perfecting and reliable sorting process of rural domestic waste is the key to improving the efficiency of waste reuse and realizing comprehensive treatment. However, the existing waste recycling sorting equipment generally has the problems of low sorting efficiency, incomplete sorting and inability to fully utilize the waste effectively.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a sorting device for rural domestic garbage, which has high-efficiency sorting and processing capability and can realize effective utilization of garbage.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

The invention provides a sorting device for rural domestic waste, comprising a sorting and crushing box, a sorting and degradation box, a liquid collection box, a crushing and conveying device, a vibrating screen, a feeding conveyor, a first magnetic separation device, and a second magnetic separation device and controller, the top of the sorting and crushing box is provided with a general feeding port, the sorting and crushing box is of a lower opening structure, the sorting and crushing box is fixed on the upper surface of the liquid collection box, the liquid The top plate of the collection box is provided with a plurality of water filtering holes, and the outlet of the sorting and crushing box is connected with the inlet of the vibrating screen. One end of the crushing box is inclined downward, and the crushing and conveying device is used for crushing the garbage and transporting the garbage to the outlet of the sorting and crushing box. The upper material outlet is connected with the first magnetic separation device, the underscreen material outlet is connected with the inlet of the feeding conveyor, the outlet of the feeding conveyor is connected with the inlet of the sorting and degradation box, and the separation One side of the sorting and degradation box is provided with a strain injection port at the top and a degradation liquid outlet at the bottom, and a residue outlet is provided at the bottom of the other side of the sorting and degradation box. The strain injection port and the degradation liquid outlet are located at the bottom. Valves are provided on the sorting and degradation box, and a baffle plate for opening and closing the residue outlet is hinged on the sorting and degradation box. A second magnetic separation device is arranged below the residue outlet. A garbage picking device and a residue pushing device, the residue pushing device is used to transport the residue at the bottom of the sorting and degradation box to the residue outlet, the first magnetic separation device, the second magnetic separation device, the Both the light-weight garbage picking device and the residue pushing device are connected to the controller.

Preferably, the crushing and conveying device includes a first motor, a coupling, a push rod and a screw blade, the first motor is fixed on the upper surface of the liquid collection tank, and the first motor is arranged on the Outside the sorting and crushing box, the push rod is arranged in the sorting and crushing box and one end extends from one side of the sorting and crushing box, and the protruding end of the push rod is connected to the first The output shaft of the motor is connected, and the helical blade is mounted on the propulsion rod.

Preferably, it also includes a cleaning device, the cleaning device includes a water tank, a water pump, a water pipe and a plurality of spray heads, a plurality of the spray heads are installed inside the sorting and crushing box, and the plurality of the spray heads communicate with the water pipe through the water pipe. The water tank is connected, and the water pump is arranged on the water pipe.

Preferably, the residue pushing device includes a first power device and a push plate, the first power device is fixed on the bottom plate of the sorting and degradation box, and the first power device is located at a distance away from the residue outlet. On the other hand, the first power device is connected with the push plate and can drive the push plate to move along the bottom plate of the sorting and degradation box, and the first power device is connected with the controller.

Preferably, the sorting and degrading box includes a box body with an upper opening and a cover plate capable of covering the upper part of the box body, and the light-weight garbage scooping device includes a retractable and unwinding rope device, a connecting rope, a second power device, A connecting plate and a scooping plate, the rope retracting device and the second power device are respectively installed on both ends of the lower surface of the cover plate, a connecting plate is installed at the lower end of the second power device, and the lower end of the connecting plate is hinged with a The fishing plate, the lower end of the fishing plate is connected with one end of the connecting rope, the other end of the connecting rope is connected with the rope retracting device, the fishing plate is provided with a plurality of through holes, the second power device and the rope retracting and unwinding device are all connected with the controller.

Preferably, the rope retracting and unwinding device includes a second motor and a rope reel, the second motor is mounted on the lower surface of the cover plate, and the rope reel is fixedly sleeved with the output shaft of the second motor The connecting rope is wound on the rope reel, and the second motor is connected to the controller.

Preferably, the lower part of the residue outlet is connected with a downwardly inclined material guide plate, and the outlet of the material guide plate is located above the second magnetic separation device.

Preferably, the first magnetic separation device includes a first belt conveyor and a first metal collection box, a first electromagnetic sheet is provided on the surface of the conveyor belt of the first belt conveyor, and the first electromagnetic sheet is connected to the first electromagnetic sheet. The controller is connected, and the first metal collecting box is arranged under the conveying belt of the first belt conveyor.

Preferably, the second magnetic separation device includes a second belt conveyor and a second metal collection box, a second electromagnetic sheet is provided on the surface of the conveyor belt of the second belt conveyor, and the second electromagnetic sheet is connected to the second electromagnetic sheet. The controller is connected, and the second metal collection box is arranged under the conveyor belt of the second belt conveyor.

The present invention has achieved the following technical effects with respect to the prior art:

In the rural domestic garbage sorting device of the present invention, the garbage is put into the sorting and crushing box from the main feeding port, and the crushing and conveying device transports the garbage to the outlet of the sorting and crushing box. During the conveying process, the liquid in the garbage passes through the filter. The water hole enters the liquid collection box to realize the solid-liquid separation of garbage, and since the organic garbage used for degradation is soft garbage, the organic garbage is crushed by the crushing and conveying device, and the separated and crushed solid garbage enters the vibrating screen and undergoes vibration. The large piece of garbage is sieved from the screen and enters the first magnetic separation device from the outlet of the over-sieve. The first magnetic separation device separates and collects the metal in the large piece of waste, and the small piece of waste is conveyed from the outlet of the under-screen through the feeding conveyor. Enter the sorting and degradation box, and use the microbial treatment technology to degrade the organic matter in the garbage, which can effectively remove the odor of the garbage, and the fermented bacteria liquid entering the biogas tank can generate biogas for the surrounding residents to use, and realize the full utilization of organic garbage. The residue formed after the degradation is transported to the guide plate through the residue pushing device to enter the second magnetic separation device, the second magnetic separation device separates and collects the small pieces of metal in the residue, and the light garbage scouring device will float on the bacteria liquid. Plastics, films, etc. are collected and collected, so that the garbage can be sorted into multiple categories efficiently, and the sorting effect is good.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the first structural schematic diagram of the sorting device for rural domestic waste provided by the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the rural household garbage sorting device provided by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sorting and degradation box in the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: 1. Sorting and crushing box; 2. Liquid collection box; 3. Vibrating screen; 4. Feeding conveyor; 5. Sorting and degrading box; 51. Box body; Feeding port; 7. Water filter hole; 8. Nozzle; 9. First motor; 10. Coupling; 11. Propulsion rod; 12. Spiral blade; machine; 15, the first metal collection box; 16, the strain injection port; 17, the degradation liquid outlet; 18, the first power unit; 19, the push plate; 20, the retractable rope device; 201, the second motor; 202, 21, the second power unit; 22, the connecting plate; 23, the fishing plate; 24, the connecting rope; 25, the material guide plate; 26, the second belt conveyor; 27, the second metal collecting box.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sorting device for rural domestic garbage, which has high-efficiency sorting and processing capability and can realize effective utilization of garbage.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1-3, this embodiment provides a sorting device for rural domestic waste, including a sorting and crushing box 1, a sorting and degradation box 5, a liquid collection box 2, a crushing and conveying device, a vibrating screen 3, a feeding and conveying device Machine 4, the first magnetic separation device, the second magnetic separation device and the controller, the top of the separation and crushing box 1 is provided with a total feeding port 6, the separation and crushing box 1 is of an open bottom structure, and the separation and crushing box 1 is fixed at The upper surface of the liquid collection box 2 and the top plate of the liquid collection box 2 are provided with a plurality of water filtering holes 7. The outlet of the sorting and crushing box 1 is connected to the inlet of the vibrating screen 3. One end to the end far away from the sorting and crushing box 1 is inclined downward. The crushing and conveying device is used to transport the garbage to the outlet of the sorting and crushing box 1. The vibrating screen 3 is provided with an over-screen outlet 13 and an underscreen outlet. The material outlet 13 is connected to the first magnetic separation device, the underscreen material outlet is connected to the inlet of the feeding conveyor 4, the outlet of the feeding conveyor 4 is connected to the inlet of the sorting and degradation box 5, and one side of the sorting and degradation box 5 is arranged. There is a strain injection port 16 at the top and a degradation liquid outlet 17 at the bottom, a residue outlet is provided at the bottom of the other side of the sorting degradation box 5, and a valve is provided at the strain injection port 16 and the degradation liquid outlet 17, and the sorting A baffle plate for opening and closing the residue outlet is hinged on the degradation box 5, a second magnetic separation device is arranged below the residue outlet, and a light-weight garbage picking device and a residue pushing device are arranged in the sorting degradation box 5. The residue pushing device is used for The residue at the bottom of the sorting and degradation box 5 is transported to the residue outlet, and the first magnetic separation device, the second magnetic separation device, the light garbage scouring device and the residue pushing device are all connected to the controller.

When in use, the degradation liquid outlet 17 and the residue outlet are closed, and the strain liquid is injected into the sorting and degradation box 5 through the strain injection port 16, and the garbage is put into the sorting and crushing box 1 through the general feeding port 6. The garbage is transported to the outlet of the sorting and crushing box 1. During the transportation process, the liquid in the garbage enters the liquid collection box 2 through the water filter hole 7 to realize the solid-liquid separation of the garbage. Excrement and other organic wastes belong to organic wastes. It can be seen that the organic wastes used for degradation are soft wastes, and soft wastes are easily broken. The organic waste can be effectively crushed through the crushing and conveying device, so that the organic wastes are broken into small pieces of waste for easy entry. Under the screen of the vibrating screen 3, the solid waste after separation and crushing enters the vibrating screen 3, and the sieved bulk garbage that passes through the vibrating screen 3 enters the first magnetic separation device from the overscreen outlet 13, and the first magnetic separation device will The metals in the large pieces of garbage are separated and collected, and the small pieces of garbage are transported from the underscreen outlet through the feeding conveyor 4 into the sorting and degradation box 5. Livestock manure, etc.) sink in the bacterial solution, decompose into small molecular organic matter under the action of microorganisms and enzymes, dissolve in the soaking liquid and form residues, and use microbial treatment technology to degrade the organic matter in the garbage, which can effectively remove the odor of garbage, And the fermented strain liquid is discharged from the degradation liquid outlet 17 and enters the biogas tank, where it undergoes further hydrolysis and anaerobic reaction, and generates biogas for the use of surrounding residents, thereby realizing the full utilization of organic waste, and the residue formed after degradation passes through. The residue pushing device is transported to the guide plate 25 and enters the second magnetic separation device. The second magnetic separation device separates and collects small pieces of metal in the residue. The waste is collected and collected, so that the garbage can be sorted into multiple categories efficiently, and the sorting effect is good.

Specifically, the crushing and conveying device includes a first motor 9, a coupling 10, a push rod 11 and a screw blade 12. The first motor 9 is fixed on the upper surface of the liquid collection box 2, and the first motor 9 is arranged in the sorting and crushing box. 1 outside, the push rod 11 is arranged in the sorting and crushing box 1 and one end protrudes from one side of the sorting and crushing box 1, and the protruding end of the push rod 11 is connected with the output shaft of the first motor 9 through the coupling 10, The screw blade 12 is installed on the push rod 11. When in use, the first motor 9 is turned on, and the push rod 11 drives the screw blade 12 to crush and transport the garbage.

In order to facilitate the cleaning of the top plates of the sorting and crushing box 1 and the liquid collection box 2, a cleaning device is also included in this embodiment. The cleaning device includes a water tank, a water pump, a water pipe and a plurality of spray heads 8, and the plurality of spray heads 8 are installed in the sorting and crushing. Inside the tank 1, a plurality of spray heads 8 are connected to the water tank through water pipes, and the water pump is arranged on the water pipe. When cleaning is required, the water pump is turned on to make the spray heads 8 spray water flow, and the top plate of the liquid collection tank 2 is cleaned to avoid the blockage of the water filter hole 7. Clean the sorting and crushing box 1 to remove odor.

Specifically, the residue pushing device includes a first power device 18 and a push plate 19. The first power device 18 is fixed on the bottom plate of the sorting and degradation box 5, and the first power device 18 is located on the side away from the residue outlet. The device 18 is connected with the push plate 19 and can drive the push plate 19 to move along the bottom plate of the sorting and degradation box 5 .

In order to facilitate the introduction of the residue into the second magnetic separation device, a downwardly inclined material guide plate 25 is connected to the lower part of the residue outlet, and the outlet of the material guide plate 25 is located above the second magnetic separation device.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , the sorting and degradation box 5 includes a box body 51 with an upper opening and a cover plate 52 capable of covering the upper part of the box body 51 , and the light-weight garbage picking device includes a retractable and unwinding rope device 20 and a connecting rope 24 , the second power device 21, the connecting plate 22 and the scooping plate 23, the rope retracting device 20 and the second power device 21 are respectively installed on both ends of the lower surface of the cover plate 52, the lower end of the second power device 21 is installed with the connecting plate 22, The lower end of the connecting plate 22 is hinged with a fishing plate 23, the lower end of the fishing plate 23 is connected with one end of the connecting rope 24, the other end of the connecting rope 24 is connected with the rope retracting device 20, and the fishing plate 23 is provided with a plurality of through holes.

In this specific embodiment, the rope retracting and unwinding device 20 includes a second motor 201 and a rope reel 202 . The second motor 201 is installed on the lower surface of the cover plate 52 , and the rope reel 202 is fixedly sleeved with the output of the second motor 201 . On the shaft, the connecting rope 24 is wound on the rope reel 202 . It should be noted that, the rope retracting and unwinding device 20 may also adopt an automatic thread retracting and unwinding device in the prior art.

In this embodiment, the first power plant 18 , the second power plant 21 and the second motor 201 are all connected to the controller. Initially, the scooping plate 23 is in the vertical state as shown in FIG. 1. When light-weight garbage such as plastic, foam, and film needs to be scooped up, the controller controls the second motor 201 to turn on and drive the rope reel 202 to rotate and retract the connecting rope 24, thereby driving the scooping. The plate 23 rotates upwards to the horizontal state in FIG. 3 , at this time the controller controls the second motor 201 and the second power device 21 to drive the connecting rope 24 and the connecting plate 22 to move upwards to separate from the upper surface of the bacterial strain liquid, thereby completing the light weight For the scooping of garbage, when it is necessary to take out the light garbage on the scooping plate 23, the cover plate 52 of the sorting and degradation box 5 can be lifted up and the light garbage can be taken out and collected. After that, open the degradation liquid outlet 17 to discharge the degradation liquid, at this time the residue is attached to the bottom plate of the sorting and degradation box 5, open the baffle plate at the residue outlet, and the controller controls the first power device 18 to drive the push plate 19 towards the residue outlet. The bottom movement will transport the residue to the guide plate 25.

In this embodiment, the first power device 18 and the second power device 21 are air cylinders or electric push rods. The feeding conveyor 4 is a belt conveyor in the prior art.

Specifically, the first magnetic separation device includes a first belt conveyor 14 and a first metal collection box 15, the surface of the conveyor belt of the first belt conveyor 14 is provided with a first electromagnetic sheet, and the first electromagnetic sheet is connected to the controller, The first metal collecting box 15 is arranged below the conveyor belt of the first belt conveyor 14 . At the beginning, the controller controls the first electromagnetic sheet to be energized, and the metal in the large pieces of garbage falling on the conveyor belt of the first belt conveyor 14 from the oversize outlet 13 is adsorbed by the first electromagnetic sheet. When the metal is adsorbed, the controller controls the power off of the first electromagnetic sheet, and the metal in the bulk garbage will fall into the first metal collection box 15 .

Specifically, the second magnetic separation device includes a second belt conveyor 26 and a second metal collection box 27, the surface of the conveyor belt of the second belt conveyor 26 is provided with a second electromagnetic sheet, and the second electromagnetic sheet is connected to the controller, The second metal collecting box 27 is arranged below the conveyor belt of the second belt conveyor 26 . At the beginning, the controller controls the second electromagnetic sheet to be energized, and the metal in the residue falling on the conveyor belt of the second belt conveyor 26 by the guide plate 25 is adsorbed by the second electromagnetic sheet. When the adsorbed metal needs to be removed When the power is off, the controller controls the second electromagnetic sheet to be powered off, and the metal in the residue will fall into the second metal collection box 27 .

In this specification, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; There will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope of the idea of the invention. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A rural domestic waste sorting device is characterized in that, comprising a sorting crushing box, a sorting degradation box, a liquid collection box, a crushing conveying device, a vibrating screen, a feeding conveyor, the first magnetic separation device, the second Magnetic separation device and controller, the top of the separation and crushing box is provided with a general feeding port, the separation and crushing box is of an open bottom structure, and the separation and crushing box is fixed on the upper surface of the liquid collection box, The top plate of the liquid collection box is provided with a plurality of water filtering holes, and the outlet of the sorting and crushing box is connected to the inlet of the vibrating screen. One end of the sorting and crushing box is inclined downward, the crushing and conveying device is used for crushing garbage and transporting the garbage to the outlet of the sorting and crushing box, and the vibrating screen is provided with an overscreen outlet and an underscreen outlet, The outlet of the oversize material is connected with the first magnetic separation device, the outlet of the undersize material is connected with the inlet of the feeding conveyor, and the outlet of the feeding conveyor is connected with the inlet of the sorting and degradation box, One side of the sorting and degradation box is provided with a bacterial species injection port located at the top and a degradation liquid outlet located at the bottom, and the bottom of the other side of the sorting and degradation box is provided with a residue outlet. Valves are arranged at the liquid outlets, a baffle plate for opening and closing the residue outlet is hinged on the separation and degradation box, a second magnetic separation device is arranged below the residue outlet, and a second magnetic separation device is arranged in the separation and degradation box. There are a light garbage picking device and a residue pushing device. The residue pushing device is used to transport the residue at the bottom of the sorting and degradation box to the residue outlet. The first magnetic separation device and the second magnetic separation The device, the light garbage picking device and the residue pushing device are all connected to the controller; the sorting and degradation box includes a box body with an upper opening and a cover plate that can be covered on the upper part of the box body, so The light-weight garbage scooping device includes a retractable and unwinding rope device, a connecting rope, a second power device, a connecting plate and a scooping plate, and the retracting and unwinding device and the second power device are respectively installed on both ends of the lower surface of the cover plate, A connecting plate is installed at the lower end of the second power device, the lower end of the connecting plate is hinged with the fishing plate, the lower end of the fishing plate is connected with one end of the connecting rope, and the other end of the connecting rope is connected with the rope retracting and releasing device A plurality of through holes are provided on the fishing plate, and both the second power device and the rope retracting and unwinding device are connected to the controller. 2 . The sorting device for rural domestic waste according to claim 1 , wherein the crushing and conveying device comprises a first motor, a coupling, a propulsion rod and a screw blade, and the first motor is fixed to the liquid. 3 . the upper surface of the collection box, the first motor is arranged outside the sorting and crushing box, the push rod is arranged in the sorting and crushing box and one end protrudes from one side of the sorting and crushing box, The protruding end of the push rod is connected with the output shaft of the first motor through a coupling, and the helical blade is mounted on the push rod. 3 . The sorting device for rural domestic waste according to claim 1 , further comprising a cleaning device, the cleaning device comprising a water tank, a water pump, a water pipe and a plurality of spray heads, and a plurality of the spray heads are installed on the Inside the crushing box, a plurality of the spray heads are connected to the water tank through the water pipe, and the water pump is arranged on the water pipe. 4 . The sorting device for rural domestic waste according to claim 1 , wherein the residue pushing device comprises a first power device and a push plate, and the first power device is fixed on the bottom plate of the sorting and degradation box. 5 . and the first power device is located on the side away from the residue outlet, the first power device is connected with the push plate and can drive the push plate to move along the bottom plate of the sorting and degradation box, the first power device A device is connected to the controller. 5 . The sorting device for rural domestic waste according to claim 1 , wherein the rope retracting and unwinding device comprises a second motor and a rope reel, and the second motor is installed on the lower surface of the cover plate, 6 . The rope reel is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the second motor, the connecting rope is wound on the rope reel, and the second motor is connected to the controller. 6 . The sorting device for rural domestic waste according to claim 1 , wherein the lower part of the residue outlet is connected with a downwardly inclined material guide plate, and the outlet of the material guide plate is located in the second magnetic separator. 7 . above the device. 7. The rural domestic waste sorting device according to claim 1, wherein the first magnetic separation device comprises a first belt conveyor and a first metal collection box, and the first belt conveyor has a A first electromagnetic sheet is arranged on the surface of the conveyor belt, the first electromagnetic sheet is connected with the controller, and the first metal collecting box is arranged under the conveying belt of the first belt conveyor. 8. The rural domestic garbage sorting device according to claim 1, wherein the second magnetic separation device comprises a second belt conveyor and a second metal collection box, and the second belt conveyor has a A second electromagnetic sheet is arranged on the surface of the conveyor belt, the second electromagnetic sheet is connected with the controller, and the second metal collection box is arranged under the conveyor belt of the second belt conveyor.

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