CN110679524A - Indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic animal culture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating indoor industrial ecological specific pathogen-free seedlings of litopenaeus vannamei, which comprises the following specific steps: (1) treating seedling culture seawater; (2) cleaning and disinfecting an indoor seedling raising pool; (3) specific pathogen free nauplii delivery; (4) preparing and feeding bait without specific pathogen; (5) controlling key nodes in the seedling process; (6) detecting and tracking the whole seedling raising process; (7) detecting and quality inspecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens; (8) the fry is sold, the fry breeding method adopts an ecological fry breeding concept, follows the basic rule of the natural life and propagation of the litopenaeus vannamei, constructs artificial algal phase and natural bacteria phase in a fry pond, prohibits aquatic product drug inhibition and antibiotics in the whole process, can obviously improve the fry breeding survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei, can ensure that the bred litopenaeus vannamei has no specific pathogen to carry (SPF), has full intestinal tracts and good appetite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic animal culture, and particularly relates to an indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for litopenaeus vannamei.
Background
In recent years, the prawn breeding industry in China is rapidly developed, meanwhile, the whole prawn breeding industry is stricken heavily by factors such as deterioration of breeding environment, uneven seedling quality and the like, the breeding success rate and the breeding yield are lower than one year, and the importance of prawn seedling production serving as the basis of the prawn breeding industry is increasingly prominent. In the 21 st century, the breeding trend in the prawn breeding industry has been transformed from one-sided pursuit speed to high-quality production, high importance has been paid to governments, enterprises and farmers for high-quality seedling breeding, and the demand and cognition of people on high-quality seedlings reach unprecedented heights. The quality of the young prawns directly influences the growth speed and survival rate of the prawns in the later culture process and is one of the important influence factors for the success or failure of the whole prawn culture process.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) successfully breeding Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) south American white prawn seedlings by introducing the Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeus vannamei), commonly known as white prawn or white prawn, from 1988 to 1988, introducing the Litopenaeus vannamei from the United states, breaking through a breeding gate in 1992, from a small test to a pilot test to promotion and breeding all over the country, until 1999, carrying out collaboration between Tianjun practical work of national agriculture leaders company of Guangdong province Shenzhen and ocean biotechnology companies in the United states, and formally introducing Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) south American white prawn breeding and breeding technologies in the United states; after 2000 years, the culture scale of the litopenaeus vannamei is enlarged year by year. The method forms a complete industrial chain from introduction, seedling culture to culture, processing and sale after 30 years of research and popularization in China to date, becomes a main variety for culturing the prawns in China at present, is the prawn variety with the widest culture range and the highest yield in China, and the culture amount of the prawn variety accounts for more than 70 percent of the prawn culture in China.
The high-quality and healthy fries are the premise and the basis of successful prawn culture, scholars at home and abroad have made a great deal of research on the culture and nutrition enhancement of parent litopenaeus vannamei, indoor and outdoor cement pond seedling culture tests, industrial seedling culture, ecological seedling culture and bionic seedling culture, the application of beneficial microorganisms in prawn seedling culture, the establishment of pollution-free prawn seedling culture and culture HACCP modes, the control of prawn seedling diseases, the application of biological baits in prawn seedling culture and the like, and certain achievements are obtained. With the vigorous development of the litopenaeus vannamei breeding industry, some quality and technology supervision departments in province and city release some standard procedures related to the litopenaeus vannamei seedlings, such as: DB 46/T129 and 2008 published in Hainan province, the breeding technical regulation of the Litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds, DB33/T464-2004 pollution-free Litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds and DB 33/T399.1-2003 part 1 of pollution-free Litopenaeus vannamei, the technical specification of offspring production and the like published in Zhejiang province powerfully promote the healthy standard development of the Litopenaeus vannamei industry.
Consulting some domestic enterprises and public institutions and individuals and applying for related patents of Litopenaeus vannamei seedling, such as: the invention discloses a method for ecologically cultivating Penaeus vannamei Boone seedlings (application number: 201610898563.6), which utilizes the ecological environment of a pond to directionally culture bait organisms such as unicellular algae, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and the like, puts nauplius vannamei Boone into an outdoor big pond (elevated pond), and adopts a seedling cultivation technology for cultivating the Penaeus vannamei Boone seedlings by using rich bait organisms, wherein the method mainly carries out the Penaeus vannamei Boone seedling cultivation outdoors, and has the advantages of having different work and sameness with the outdoor water ecological seedling cultivation method (application number: 201510068607.8) of the invention patent granted by the unit; the invention discloses a seedling raising method of Litopenaeus vannamei (application No. 200810015938.5), which comprises putting litopenaeus vannamei nauplii into a seedling raising pool, simultaneously culturing rotifers to feed the litopenaeus vannamei nauplii, wherein the putting density of the litopenaeus vannamei nauplii is 1 ten thousand per m2Artificial baits of shrimp slices, soybean milk and yeast are added, and the density of the added nauplii is too low, so that the method is not suitable for the requirements of industrial and large-scale seedling culture; disclosure of Guangdong Hengxing group LtdA method for culturing Litopenaeus vannamei in small water (application number: 201410076358.2) is suitable for 1m3The development in the left and right circular aquariums only belongs to a small water body seedling raising method; the Jinyang tropical sea delicacy culture Limited company in Maoming city discloses an industrialized ecological breeding method (application number: 201510338222.9) for shrimp fries with high stress resistance and disease resistance, which optimizes the environmental conditions of breeding by biological regulation and control of water quality and environment of indoor breeding ponds and effective control of water temperature, illumination, transparency, dissolved oxygen, salinity, PH value, harmful substances, disease organisms and the like, reduces the use of drugs, reduces the feeding and reduces the drainage; the method has the advantages that the stress resistance and the disease resistance of the shrimp seedlings are enhanced, the quality and the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings are improved, the detection tracking and the quality evaluation in the shrimp seedling cultivation process are lacked, and certain risk still exists for the real cultivation of the shrimp seedlings without Specific Pathogen (SPF). Although the above-mentioned related patents and related documents have made various attempts to breed young litopenaeus vannamei, there are few Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) methods for breeding young litopenaeus vannamei.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free seedling cultivation method for the litopenaeus vannamei, the seedling cultivation method adopts an ecological seedling cultivation concept, follows the basic rule of natural life and propagation of the litopenaeus vannamei, constructs a seedling pool artificial algae phase and a natural bacteria phase, prohibits aquatic product drug inhibition and antibiotics in the whole process, and can obviously improve the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in seedling cultivation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for cultivating the indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: (1) seedling culture seawater treatment: flocculating and precipitating seawater by potassium permanganate, primary chlorine disinfection, secondary chlorine disinfection, sand vat filtration, primary foam separator treatment, secondary foam separator treatment, precise filtration by a Dow ultrafilter, water quality regulation, precipitation and filtration, and bagging in a pool; (2) cleaning and disinfecting an indoor seedling raising pond: mixing iodine solution, liquid detergent and oxalic acid according to a certain proportion in a seedling raising pool, thoroughly brushing, and airing in a ventilating way after rinsing with fresh water; (3) specific pathogen free nauplii administrationPlacing: selecting qualified N2-N3 stage nauplius which are free of Specific Pathogen (SPF) and detected to be 10-30 ten thousand tails/m3The density of the seedlings is put into a seedling raising pond; (4) preparing and feeding specific pathogen-free bait: preparation of biological baits, including culture of microalgae, rotifers and fairy bugs, detection is carried out to ensure that baits fed are free of Specific Pathogen (SPF), artificial baits are fed, including prawn slices, microecologics and other auxiliary materials, and each product also needs to pass detection of the free of Specific Pathogen (SPF); (5) the shrimp larva cultivation key point is controlled: a. the seedling raising temperature range is 27-32 ℃ in the whole process; b. illumination and ventilation of the seedling growing workshop are realized, direct sunlight is avoided, a place 2-3 m above the seedling pool is shielded by sun-shading cloth, doors and windows of the workshop are opened, and natural ventilation is realized; c. constructing artificial algae phase in the seedling pond: when the nauplius larva grows to N5-N6, feeding chaetoceros and Alternaria hainanensis to the seedling pool, maintaining the density of algae in the water body to be 5-8 million cells/mL, continuing until the shrimp fry completely changes into mysid I period (M1), and keeping the algae in the seedling pool from aging; d. forming a natural bacterial phase in the seedling pool: feeding a certain amount of photosynthetic bacteria into the water body of the seedling pool every day to allow shrimp seedlings to ingest thalli and purify water quality, feeding a certain amount of EM (effective microorganisms) culture medium every day to provide necessary nutrient substances for bacterial proliferation of the seedling pool, and forming a natural bacterial phase by matching beneficial bacterial proliferation in algae and artificial bait to achieve the total bacterial balance of the seedling pool; e. feeding baits: feeding early microcapsule material and early canned prawn slices at the I stage (Z1) of shrimp larvae and fleas at a feeding amount of 1g/m34 tons/day, the feeding amount of the shrimp larvae from flea II (Z2) to flea III stage (Z3) is increased to 1.2-1.5 g/m3Feeding 100-150 g/million of frozen or killed fairy shrimp nauplii at 6 tons/day and 4 tons/day, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement dragging conditions of the shrimp larvae; feeding micro-capsule feed in the middle stage and barreled shrimp slices in the middle stage from shrimp seed chaff I (M1) to chaff III stage (M3), wherein the feeding amount is 15-25 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, feeding 200-300 g/million tails by using frozen or blanched fairy shrimp nauplii and 4 tons/day, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp seeds; feeding the middle and later stages of the young shrimps with barreled shrimp slices, wherein the feeding amount is 40-60 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, the young shrimps are fed with 250-300 g/million tails of live fairy shrimp nauplii and 4 tons/day, andthe regulation is carried out according to the ingestion and excrement conditions of the young shrimps; f. adding and replacing water: adding 6-10 cm of flea III (Z3) to bran III stage (M3) according to the ratio of seawater to fresh water of 1:1 every day, changing water for 15-30% every day after young shrimps are added, and adding 1.2-1.5 g/M of water before feeding into the seedling pool every day3Vitamin C of (a); g. dissolved oxygen amount: keeping the dissolved oxygen of water body above 6mg/L, aerating at N2-N6 stage to be in a microwave state, boiling at Z1-Z3 stage to be in a micro-boiling state, boiling at M1-M3 stage to be in a strong boiling state after young shrimps are grown; (6) detecting and tracking the whole seedling growing process: carrying out whole-process tracking on water quality and bacteria of the seawater of the seedling pool before the nauplii are thrown, at the Z3 stage, the M3 stage, the PL3 stage and the PL7 stage; (7) detecting and quality inspecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens: carrying out real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) specific pathogen free carrying detection on the shrimp seeds at the PL3 and PL7 stages, and carrying out quality inspection on the shrimp seeds at the PL 5-PL 8 stages by multiple indexes; (8) and (3) selling the shrimp larvae: and (3) adjusting the salinity of the fry pond 1-2 days in advance according to the requirements of emergence of the customers on the shrimp fries qualified by specific pathogen detection and quality inspection, controlling the packing density and water temperature of the fry emergence site, and normally selling the shrimp fries to the customers.
Further, the treatment of the seawater for seedling culture is carried out, wherein the treatment concentration of potassium permanganate is 0.5-1.0 g/m3The flocculation precipitation time is 24-48 h, and the effective chlorine concentration of the primary chlorine disinfection and the secondary chlorine disinfection is 20-25 g/m3And 10 to 15g/m3The water quality is adjusted by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)3)40～50g/m35-10 g/m of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA-2Na)3And aerating and mixing uniformly, stopping aerating and precipitating for 12-24 hours.
Further, the nursery pond is cleaned and disinfected, the inner wall and the outer wall are thoroughly brushed twice by using a mixed solution prepared from 10L of fresh water, 50m L of iodine solution with the effective concentration of 10% and 2-5 m L of detergent, and the fresh water is flushed clean and then is ventilated and aired for 2-3 days.
Furthermore, the larvae of the non-specific pathogen nauplii are produced by detecting shrimp species without specific pathogen, such as shrimp Enterocele (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing pancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV), to ensure that the nauplii are SPF.
Furthermore, the natural bacterial phase of the seedling pool is formed, and the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria projected to the water body of the seedling pool every day needs to reach 1.8 multiplied by 107The concentration of the culture medium of the EM needs to reach 18g/m and is more than CFU/mL3The above.
Further, the whole process of seedling culture is detected and tracked, the water quality, the bacterial quantity and the like in the seedling culture water body are detected regularly, specifically, the total alkalinity is 120-160, the pH value is 7.9-8.4, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.4mg/L, the nitrite is less than 0.1mg/L, the water yellow bacteria for seedling culture is less than or equal to 10000, the water green bacteria for seedling culture is less than or equal to 1000, the fluorescent bacteria for seedling culture is 0, and the total bacteria for seedling culture is more than or equal to 10 times of vibrio.
Further, the shrimp larvae are subjected to specific pathogen free detection, shrimp Enterobacter Hepatophagi (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing pancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) of the stage PL3 and PL7 are subjected to real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) for carrying detection of the specific pathogen free of shrimps.
Further, the shrimp larvae quality inspection is to perform quality inspection of multiple indexes on the shrimp larvae at the stage of PL 5-PL 8, and specifically comprises that shrimp body yellow fungus is less than or equal to 200, shrimp body green fungus is less than or equal to 10, shrimp body fluorescent fungus is 0, fluorescence is observed on site, shelling/weak larvae is less than 6%, deformity/injury is less than 10%, gastrointestinal content midgut deficiency 1/4 is less than or equal to 15%, liver and pancreas color is more than 90%, liver and pancreas digestive cells are more than 70%, stress is more than or equal to 85%, body surface parasites are less than 10%, gill development is more than 70%, and variation coefficient is less than 12%.
Further, the shrimp seedlings are sold, and the young shrimp seedlings are obtained (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is 0.5-0.6 cm): the temperature of the seedling receiving party is below 20 ℃, the temperature of the packaging water is 23 ℃, the temperature of the receiving party is above 20 ℃, and the temperature of the packaging water is 21-22 ℃; the temperature of the seedling adjusting party is above 25 ℃, ice bottles are packed, and the packing density is 4-6 ten thousand tails per bag.
Further, the shrimp larvae are sold, and large larvae are obtained (the total length of the shrimp larvae is more than 0.8 cm): the transportation time is less than 3 hours, the packaging water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the transportation time is 3-6 hours, the packaging water temperature is 26-28 ℃, the transportation time is more than 6 hours, the packaging water temperature is 24-26 ℃, and the density requirement is as follows: the total length of the shrimp larvae is 0.8-1.0 cm: transporting for 3 hours, 5000-6000 tails per bag, transporting for more than 3 hours, 4000-5000 tails per bag; the total length of the shrimp larvae is 1.0-1.2 cm: transporting for 3 hours, 4000-5000 tails per bag, transporting for more than 3 hours, 3000-4000 tails per bag; the total length of the shrimp larvae is more than 1.2 cm: transporting <3 hours, 3000-4000 tails/bag, transporting >3 hours not allowing emergence of seedlings.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fry breeding method adopts an ecological fry breeding concept, follows the basic rule of natural life and propagation of the litopenaeus vannamei, constructs artificial algal phase and natural adult bacterial phase in a fry pond, prohibits aquatic product drug inhibition and antibiotics in the whole process, can obviously improve the fry breeding survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei, has the average survival rate of over 75 percent, can ensure that the bred litopenaeus vannamei has no specific pathogen carrying (SPF), has full intestinal tracts, good appetite, rapid swimming, strong anti-stress capability and uniform and non-destructive individuals, is very suitable for the application of the practical production of the SPF litopenaeus vannamei, further improves the quality of the litopenaeus vannamei, and effectively promotes the standard thickness survival rate, the breeding survival rate and the success rate of the litopenaeus.
Detailed Description
The following further illustrates embodiments of the invention:
example 1:
the method for cultivating the indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture seawater treatment: the seawater is firstly used with the concentration of 0.5g/m3Potassium permanganate treatment, flocculation precipitation time is 24 hours, and the effective chlorine concentration of primary chlorine disinfection and secondary chlorine disinfection is 20g/m respectively3And 10g/m3Adjusting water quality by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)3)40g/m3Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA-2Na)5g/m3Aerating and mixing uniformly, stopping aeration and precipitating for 12 hours;
(2) cleaning and disinfecting an indoor seedling raising pond: thoroughly brushing the inner wall and the outer wall of the nursery pond twice by using a mixed solution prepared from 10L of fresh water, 50m L of iodine solution with the effective concentration of 10% and 2-5 m L of detergent, and airing for 3 days after the fresh water is flushed;
(3) specific pathogen free nauplii delivery: the method ensures that the produced nauplius larvae are SPF by detecting that shrimps such as shrimp enterohepatic cyst (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp taura virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) of imported parent shrimps have no specific pathogen and are not carried;
(4) the shrimp larva cultivation key point is controlled: a. the seedling raising temperature range is 28-30 ℃ in the whole process; b. illumination and ventilation of the seedling growing workshop are realized, direct sunlight is avoided, a place 2-3 m above the seedling pool is shielded by sun-shading cloth, doors and windows of the workshop are opened, and natural ventilation is realized; c. constructing artificial algae phase in the seedling pond: when the nauplius larva grows to N5-N6, feeding chaetoceros and Alternaria hainanensis to the seedling pool, maintaining the density of algae in the water body to be 5-8 million cells/mL, continuing until the shrimp fry completely changes into mysid I period (M1), and keeping the algae in the seedling pool from aging; d. forming a natural bacterial phase in the seedling pool: the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria fed into the water body of the seedling pool every day needs to reach 2.0 multiplied by 107CFU/mL for feeding shrimp larvae with thallus and purifying water, and feeding a certain amount of EM culture medium daily to reach 20g/m3Necessary nutrient substances are provided for the bacterial proliferation of the seedling pool, and the beneficial bacteria in the algae and the artificial bait are matched for the propagation to form a natural bacterial phase, so that the total bacterial balance of the seedling pool is achieved; e. feeding baits: feeding early microcapsule material and early canned prawn slices at the I stage (Z1) of shrimp larvae and fleas at a feeding amount of 1g/m34 ton/day, shrimp flea II (Z2) to flea III stage (Z3) and the feeding amount was increased to 1.2g/m3Feeding 100-150 g/million of frozen or killed fairy shrimp nauplii at 6 tons/day and 4 tons/day, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement dragging conditions of the shrimp larvae; feeding micro-capsule feed in the middle stage and barreled shrimp slices in the middle stage from shrimp seedling chaff I (M1) to chaff III (M3), wherein the feeding amount is 15-20 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, feeding 200 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using frozen or blanched fairy shrimp nauplii, and the feeding is carried out according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp seedlingsAdjusting; feeding the middle and later stages of the shrimp fries with barrelled shrimp slices in the period from the shrimp fries to the shrimp larvae, wherein the feeding amount is 50 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, the feeding amount is 250 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using the live fairy shrimp nauplii, and the feeding is adjusted according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp fries; f. adding and replacing water: adding 6cm of flea III (Z3) to bran III stage (M3) at a ratio of seawater to fresh water of 1:1 every day, changing water for shrimp at 25% every day, adding 1.5g/M of water before feeding into seedling pond3Vitamin C of (a); g. dissolved oxygen amount: keeping the dissolved oxygen of water body above 6mg/L, aerating at N2-N6 stage to be in a microwave state, boiling at Z1-Z3 stage to be in a micro-boiling state, boiling at M1-M3 stage to be in a strong boiling state after young shrimps are grown;
(5) detecting and tracking the whole seedling growing process: detecting the water quality and the bacterial amount in the water body of the seedlings at the M3 and PL3 stages, wherein the total alkalinity is about 160, the pH value is 8.1-8.3, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.05mg/L, the nitrite is less than 0.08mg/L, the water yellow bacteria for seedling cultivation is less than 100, the water green bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0, and the fluorescent bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0;
(6) detecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens: after carrying out real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) on shrimp liver Enterocytozoon (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) and other shrimp specific pathogens carrying detection on shrimp larvae at the stage PL3, all pathogen carrying shows negative;
(7) and (3) testing the quality of the shrimp larvae: performing quality inspection on shrimp seedlings by taking PL5 stage, wherein the number of shrimp yellow bacteria is less than 20, the number of shrimp green bacteria is 0, the number of shrimp fluorescent bacteria is 0, fluorescence is observed on site, shelling/weak seedling is 3%, deformity/injury is 5%, gastrointestinal content midgut is less than 1/4 and liver and pancreas color is 95%, color is consistent, liver and pancreas digestive cells are 80%, stress is 95%, body surface parasites are 0, gill development is 85%, variation coefficient is 5.24%, and the judgment result is A level and is suitable for cultivation;
(8) and (3) selling the shrimp larvae: and (3) young shrimp seedlings are grown (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is 0.55-0.60 cm), the packaging water temperature is 21.5 ℃, 250mL ice bottles are tied, the packaging density is 5.5 thousands of seedlings per bag, the total number is 230 bags, 1500 thousands of seedlings are thrown in the seedling raising of the batch, and the survival rate reaches 84.33%.
Example 2:
a method for micro-flow water cleaning and disinfection of shrimp nauplii comprises the following steps:
the method for cultivating the indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture seawater treatment: the seawater is firstly used with the concentration of 0.8g/m3Potassium permanganate treatment, flocculation precipitation time is 24 hours, and the effective chlorine concentration of primary chlorine disinfection and secondary chlorine disinfection is 20g/m respectively3And 10g/m3Adjusting water quality by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)3)50g/m38g/m of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA-2Na)3Aerating and mixing uniformly, stopping aerating and precipitating for 24 hours;
(2) cleaning and disinfecting an indoor seedling raising pond: thoroughly brushing the inner wall and the outer wall of the nursery pond twice by using a mixed solution prepared from 10L of fresh water, 50m L of iodine solution with the effective concentration of 10% and 2-5 m L of detergent, and airing for 2 days after the fresh water is flushed;
(3) specific pathogen free nauplii delivery: the method ensures that the produced nauplius larvae are SPF by detecting that shrimps such as shrimp enterohepatic cyst (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp taura virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) of imported parent shrimps have no specific pathogen and are not carried;
(4) the shrimp larva cultivation key point is controlled: a. the seedling raising temperature range is 27-29 ℃ in the whole process; b. illumination and ventilation of the seedling growing workshop are realized, direct sunlight is avoided, a place 2-3 m above the seedling pool is shielded by sun-shading cloth, doors and windows of the workshop are opened, and natural ventilation is realized; c. constructing artificial algae phase in the seedling pond: when the nauplius larva grows to N5-N6, feeding chaetoceros and Alternaria hainanensis to the seedling pool, maintaining the density of algae in the water body to be 5-8 million cells/mL, continuing until the shrimp fry completely changes into mysid I period (M1), and keeping the algae in the seedling pool from aging; d. forming a natural bacterial phase in the seedling pool: the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria fed into the water body of the seedling pool every day needs to reach 2.5 multiplied by 107CFU/mL，For shrimp larvae to ingest thalli and purify water, a certain amount of EM culture medium is fed every day, and the concentration of the EM culture medium is 25g/m3Necessary nutrient substances are provided for the bacterial proliferation of the seedling pool, and the beneficial bacteria in the algae and the artificial bait are matched for the propagation to form a natural bacterial phase, so that the total bacterial balance of the seedling pool is achieved; e. feeding baits: feeding early microcapsule material and early canned prawn slices at the I stage (Z1) of shrimp larvae and fleas at a feeding amount of 1g/m34 ton/day, shrimp flea II (Z2) to flea III stage (Z3) and the feeding amount was increased to 1.2g/m3Feeding 100-150 g/million of frozen fairy shrimp nauplius at 6 tons/day and feeding the nauplius at 4 tons/day, wherein the feeding and the defecating conditions are adjusted according to the feeding and defecating conditions of the shrimp fries; feeding micro-capsule feed in the middle stage and barreled shrimp slices in the middle stage from shrimp seedling chaff I (M1) to chaff III stage (M3), wherein the feeding amount is 15-20 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, feeding 200 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using frozen eutropha latipes nauplius, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp seedlings; feeding the middle and later-period barreled shrimp slices from the young shrimp to the young shrimp stage, wherein the feeding amount is 60 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, the feeding amount is 250 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using live fairy shrimp nauplius, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the young shrimp; f. adding and replacing water: adding 5cm of flea III (Z3) to bran III stage (M3) at a ratio of seawater to fresh water of 1:1 every day, changing water for shrimp every day by 20%, adding water every day, and adding water to the pond before adding 1.5g/M3Vitamin C of (a); g. dissolved oxygen amount: keeping the dissolved oxygen of water body above 6mg/L, aerating at N2-N6 stage to be in a microwave state, boiling at Z1-Z3 stage to be in a micro-boiling state, boiling at M1-M3 stage to be in a strong boiling state after young shrimps are grown;
(5) detecting and tracking the whole seedling growing process: detecting the water quality and the bacterial amount in the water body of the seedlings at the M3 and PL3 stages, wherein the total alkalinity is about 155, the pH value is 8.0-8.2, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.02mg/L, the nitrite is less than 0.05mg/L, the water yellow bacteria for seedling cultivation is less than 200, the water green bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0, and the fluorescent bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0;
(6) detecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens: after shrimp specific pathogen carrying detection of shrimp Enterobacter Hepatica (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacterium (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) and the like by taking shrimp fries at PL3 and PL7 stages to perform real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), all pathogen carrying shows negative;
(7) and (3) testing the quality of the shrimp larvae: performing quality inspection on shrimp seedlings by taking PL8 stage, wherein the number of shrimp yellow bacteria is less than 50, the number of shrimp green bacteria is 0, the number of shrimp fluorescent bacteria is 0, fluorescence is observed on site, shelling/weak seedling is 3%, deformity/injury is 5%, gastrointestinal content midgut is less than 1/4 and liver and pancreas color is 95%, color is consistent, liver and pancreas digestive cells are 90%, stress is 97%, body surface parasites are 0, gill development is 90%, variation coefficient is 8.24%, and the judgment result is A level and is suitable for cultivation;
(8) and (3) selling the shrimp larvae: and (3) large seedlings (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is 0.80-0.94 cm) are grown, the transport time of a client is 2.5 hours, the packaging water temperature is 28 ℃, the packaging density is 5500 tails/bag, the total number is 1500 bags, 1000 thousand tails of the nauplii are thrown in the batch of seedling raising, and the survival rate reaches 82.5%.
Example 3:
the method for cultivating the indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture seawater treatment: the seawater is firstly used with the concentration of 1.0g/m3Treating with potassium permanganate, flocculating settling for 36h, and respectively sterilizing with primary chlorine and secondary chlorine at effective chlorine concentration of 25g/m3And 10g/m3Adjusting water quality by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)3)45g/m310g/m of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA-2Na)3Aerating and mixing uniformly, stopping aerating and precipitating for 24 hours;
(2) cleaning and disinfecting an indoor seedling raising pond: thoroughly brushing the inner wall and the outer wall of the nursery pond twice by using a mixed solution prepared from 10L of fresh water, 50m L of iodine solution with the effective concentration of 10% and 2-5 m L of detergent, and airing for 3 days after the fresh water is flushed;
(3) specific pathogen free nauplii delivery: the method ensures that the produced nauplius larvae are SPF by detecting that shrimps such as shrimp enterohepatic cyst (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp taura virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) of imported parent shrimps have no specific pathogen and are not carried;
(4) the shrimp larva cultivation key point is controlled: a. the seedling temperature range is 29 ℃ in the whole process; b. illumination and ventilation of the seedling growing workshop are realized, direct sunlight is avoided, a place 2-3 m above the seedling pool is shielded by sun-shading cloth, doors and windows of the workshop are opened, and natural ventilation is realized; c. constructing artificial algae phase in the seedling pond: when the nauplius larva grows to N5-N6, feeding chaetoceros and Alternaria hainanensis to the seedling pool, maintaining the density of algae in the water body to be 5 ten thousand cells/mL, continuing until the shrimp fry completely changes into mysid I period (M1), and keeping the algae in the seedling pool from aging; d. forming a natural bacterial phase in the seedling pool: the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria fed into the water body of the seedling pool every day needs to reach 1.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL for feeding shrimp larvae with thallus and purifying water, and feeding a certain amount of EM culture medium every day with concentration of 25g/m3Necessary nutrient substances are provided for the bacterial proliferation of the seedling pool, and the beneficial bacteria in the algae and the artificial bait are matched for the propagation to form a natural bacterial phase, so that the total bacterial balance of the seedling pool is achieved; e. feeding baits: feeding early microcapsule material and early canned prawn slices at the I stage (Z1) of shrimp larvae and fleas at a feeding amount of 1g/m34 ton/day, shrimp flea II (Z2) to flea III stage (Z3) and the feeding amount was increased to 1.2g/m3Feeding 100-150 g/million of frozen or killed fairy shrimp nauplii at 6 tons/day and 4 tons/day, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement dragging conditions of the shrimp larvae; feeding micro-capsule feed in the middle stage and barreled shrimp slices in the middle stage from shrimp fry chaff I (M1) to chaff III stage (M3), wherein the feeding amount is 15-20 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, feeding 200 g/million tails by using frozen or killed fairy shrimp nauplii and at 4 tons/day, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp fries; feeding the middle and later stages of the shrimp fries with barrelled shrimp slices in the period from the shrimp fries to the shrimp larvae, wherein the feeding amount is 50 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, the feeding amount is 250 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using the live fairy shrimp nauplii, and the feeding is adjusted according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp fries; f. adding and replacing water: adding 6cm of flea III (Z3) to bran III stage (M3) at a ratio of seawater to fresh water of 1:1 every day, changing water for shrimp at 25% every day, adding 1.5g/M of water before feeding into seedling pond3Vitamin C of (a); g. dissolved oxygen amount:keeping the dissolved oxygen of water body above 6mg/L, aerating at N2-N6 stage to be in a microwave state, boiling at Z1-Z3 stage to be in a micro-boiling state, boiling at M1-M3 stage to be in a strong boiling state after young shrimps are grown;
(5) detecting and tracking the whole seedling growing process: detecting the water quality and the bacterial amount in the water body of the seedlings at the M3 and PL3 stages, wherein the total alkalinity is about 140, the pH value is 8.0-8.3, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.05mg/L, the nitrite is less than 0.08mg/L, the water yellow bacteria for seedling cultivation is less than 100, the water green bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0, and the fluorescent bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0;
(6) detecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens: after shrimp specific pathogen carrying detection of shrimp Enterobacter Hepatica (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacterium (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) and the like by taking shrimp fries at PL3 and PL7 stages to perform real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), all pathogen carrying shows negative;
(7) and (3) testing the quality of the shrimp larvae: performing quality inspection on shrimp larvae by taking PL5 and PL8 stages, wherein shrimp yellow bacteria is less than 50, shrimp green bacteria is 0, shrimp fluorescent bacteria is 0, fluorescence is 0 under field observation, shelling/weak seedling is less than 5%, malformation/injury is less than 5%, gastrointestinal content midgut is less than 1/4 and less than 5%, liver and pancreas color is more than 95% and is consistent, liver and pancreas digestive cells are more than 85%, stress is more than 95%, body surface parasites are 0, gill development is more than 85%, variation coefficient is 5.24-8.78%, and judgment results are all A-level and are suitable for cultivation;
(8) and (3) selling the shrimp larvae: and (3) producing young shrimps (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is 0.55-0.60 cm), keeping the packaging water temperature at 22 ℃, not tying ice bottles, packaging the young shrimps with the packaging density of 5.9 thousand tails/bag, and taking 220 bags in total, producing big shrimps (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is 0.85-1.10 cm), keeping the packaging water temperature at 27 ℃, packaging the young shrimps with the packaging density of 3800 tails/bag, and taking 580 bags in total, and putting 2000 thousand tails of the nauplius larva in the seedling culture of the batch, wherein the survival rate reaches 75.92%.
Example 4:
the method for cultivating the indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture seawater treatment: first use concentration of seawaterIs 0.8g/m3Treating with potassium permanganate, flocculating settling for 48h, and respectively sterilizing with primary chlorine and secondary chlorine at effective chlorine concentration of 20g/m3And 15g/m3Adjusting water quality by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)3)50g/m38g/m of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA-2Na)3Aerating and mixing uniformly, stopping aeration and precipitating for 12 hours;
(2) cleaning and disinfecting an indoor seedling raising pond: thoroughly brushing the inner wall and the outer wall of the seedling raising pool twice by using a mixed solution prepared from 10L of fresh water, 50m L of iodine solution with the effective concentration of 10% and 5m L of detergent, and airing for 2 days after the fresh water is flushed;
(3) specific pathogen free nauplii delivery: the method ensures that the produced nauplius larvae are SPF by detecting that shrimps such as shrimp enterohepatic cyst (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp taura virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) of imported parent shrimps have no specific pathogen and are not carried;
(4) the shrimp larva cultivation key point is controlled: a. the seedling raising temperature range is 28-31 ℃ in the whole process; b. illumination and ventilation of the seedling growing workshop are realized, direct sunlight is avoided, a place 2-3 m above the seedling pool is shielded by sun-shading cloth, doors and windows of the workshop are opened, and natural ventilation is realized; c. constructing artificial algae phase in the seedling pond: when the nauplius larva grows to N5-N6, feeding chaetoceros and Alternaria hainanensis to the seedling pool, maintaining the density of algae in the water body to be 8 ten thousand cells/mL, continuing until the shrimp fry completely changes into mysid I period (M1), and keeping the algae in the seedling pool from aging; d. forming a natural bacterial phase in the seedling pool: the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria fed into the water body of the seedling pool every day needs to reach 1.5 multiplied by 107CFU/mL for feeding shrimp larvae with thallus and purifying water, and feeding a certain amount of EM culture medium daily to reach concentration of 30g/m3Necessary nutrient substances are provided for the bacterial proliferation of the seedling pool, and the beneficial bacteria in the algae and the artificial bait are matched for the propagation to form a natural bacterial phase, so that the total bacterial balance of the seedling pool is achieved; e. feeding baits: feeding early microcapsule material and early canned prawn slices at the I stage (Z1) of shrimp larvae and fleas at a feeding amount of 1g/m34 ton/day, shrimp larvae flea II (Z2) to flea IIIStage (Z3), the feeding amount was increased to 1.2g/m3Feeding the killed fairy shrimp nauplii at a ratio of 100-150 g/million tails at 6 tons/day and at 4 tons/day, and adjusting according to the feeding and defecation conditions of the shrimp larvae; feeding micro-capsule feed in the middle stage and barreled shrimp slices in the middle stage from shrimp fry chaff I (M1) to chaff III stage (M3), wherein the feeding amount is 15-20 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, feeding the non-larva shrimps dead in the middle stage by using the scalded fairy shrimp at 200 g/million tails and 4 tons/day, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp fries; feeding the middle and later-period barreled shrimp slices from the young shrimp to the young shrimp stage, wherein the feeding amount is 55-60 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, the feeding amount is 250 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using live fairy shrimp nauplii, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the young shrimp; f. adding and replacing water: adding 6cm of flea III (Z3) to bran III stage (M3) at a ratio of seawater to fresh water of 1:1 every day, changing water for shrimp 30% every day, adding water 1.0g/M before adding water into the pond3Vitamin C of (a); g. dissolved oxygen amount: keeping the dissolved oxygen of water body above 6mg/L, aerating at N2-N6 stage to be in a microwave state, boiling at Z1-Z3 stage to be in a micro-boiling state, boiling at M1-M3 stage to be in a strong boiling state after young shrimps are grown;
(5) detecting and tracking the whole seedling growing process: detecting the water quality and the bacterial amount in the water body of the seedlings at the M3 and PL3 stages, wherein the total alkalinity is about 135, the pH value is 8.1-8.2, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.07mg/L, the nitrite is less than 0.06mg/L, the water yellow bacteria for seedling cultivation is less than 200, the water green bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0, and the fluorescent bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0;
(6) detecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens: after carrying out real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) on shrimp liver Enterocytozoon (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) and other shrimp specific pathogens carrying detection on shrimp larvae at the stage PL3, all pathogen carrying shows negative;
(7) and (3) testing the quality of the shrimp larvae: performing quality inspection on shrimp larvae by taking PL5 stage, wherein the number of shrimp yellow bacteria is less than 10, the number of shrimp green bacteria is 0, the number of shrimp fluorescent bacteria is 0, fluorescence is observed on site, shelling/weak seedling is 4%, malformation/injury is 3%, gastrointestinal content midgut is less than 1/4 and is 5%, the color of liver and pancreas is 90%, the color of liver and pancreas is consistent, the number of digestive cells of liver and pancreas is 85%, stress is 95%, body surface parasites is 0, gill development is 85%, the coefficient of variation is 6.14%, and the judgment result is grade A and is suitable for cultivation;
(8) and (3) selling the shrimp larvae: and (3) young shrimp seedlings are grown (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is 0.52-0.60 cm), the packaging water temperature is 21 ℃, 250mL ice bottles are tied, the packaging density is 6 ten thousand tails/bag, and the total number is 320 bags, 2000 thousand tails of the nauplii are thrown in the batch of seedling raising, and the survival rate reaches 96.0%.
Example 5:
the method for cultivating the indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture seawater treatment: the seawater is firstly used with the concentration of 0.5g/m3Potassium permanganate treatment, flocculation precipitation time is 48h, and the effective chlorine concentration of primary chlorine disinfection and secondary chlorine disinfection is respectively 30g/m3And 15g/m3Adjusting water quality by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)3)50g/m38g/m of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA-2Na)3Aerating and mixing uniformly, stopping aerating and precipitating for 24 hours;
(2) cleaning and disinfecting an indoor seedling raising pond: thoroughly brushing the inner wall and the outer wall of the seedling raising pool twice by using a mixed solution prepared from 10L of fresh water, 50m L of iodine solution with the effective concentration of 10% and 4m L of detergent, and airing for 3 days after the fresh water is flushed;
(3) specific pathogen free nauplii delivery: the method ensures that the produced nauplius larvae are SPF by detecting that shrimps such as shrimp enterohepatic cyst (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp taura virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) of imported parent shrimps have no specific pathogen and are not carried;
(4) the shrimp larva cultivation key point is controlled: a. the seedling temperature range is 31 ℃ in the whole process; b. illumination and ventilation of the seedling growing workshop are realized, direct sunlight is avoided, a place 2-3 m above the seedling pool is shielded by sun-shading cloth, doors and windows of the workshop are opened, and natural ventilation is realized; c. constructing artificial algae phase in the seedling pond: the nauplii grow to N5 ℃When N6 is carried out, feeding Chaetoceros and Alternaria hainanensis to the seedling pool, maintaining the density of algae in the water body to be 6 million cells/mL, continuing until the shrimp larvae are completely changed into mysidacea I stage (M1), and keeping the algae in the seedling pool from aging; d. forming a natural bacterial phase in the seedling pool: the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria fed into the water body of the seedling pool every day needs to reach 2.5 multiplied by 107CFU/mL for feeding shrimp larvae with thallus and purifying water, and feeding a certain amount of EM culture medium daily to reach concentration of 30g/m3Necessary nutrient substances are provided for the bacterial proliferation of the seedling pool, and the beneficial bacteria in the algae and the artificial bait are matched for the propagation to form a natural bacterial phase, so that the total bacterial balance of the seedling pool is achieved; e. feeding baits: feeding early microcapsule material and early canned prawn slices at the I stage (Z1) of shrimp larvae and fleas at a feeding amount of 1g/m34 ton/day, shrimp flea II (Z2) to flea III stage (Z3) and the feeding amount was increased to 1.3g/m3Feeding 100-150 g/million of frozen fairy shrimp nauplius at 6 tons/day and feeding the nauplius at 4 tons/day, wherein the feeding and the defecating conditions are adjusted according to the feeding and defecating conditions of the shrimp fries; feeding micro-capsule feed in the middle stage and barreled shrimp slices in the middle stage from shrimp seedling chaff I (M1) to chaff III stage (M3), wherein the feeding amount is 15-20 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, feeding 200 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using frozen eutropha latipes nauplius, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp seedlings; feeding the middle and later-period barreled shrimp slices from the young shrimp to the young shrimp stage, wherein the feeding amount is 50-60 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, the feeding amount is 250 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using live fairy shrimp nauplii, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the young shrimp; f. adding and replacing water: adding 6cm of flea III (Z3) to bran III stage (M3) at a ratio of seawater to fresh water of 1:1 every day, changing water for shrimp 30% every day, adding water 1.5g/M before adding water into the pond3Vitamin C of (a); g. dissolved oxygen amount: keeping the dissolved oxygen of water body above 6mg/L, aerating at N2-N6 stage to be in a microwave state, boiling at Z1-Z3 stage to be in a micro-boiling state, boiling at M1-M3 stage to be in a strong boiling state after young shrimps are grown;
(5) detecting and tracking the whole seedling growing process: detecting the water quality and the bacterial amount in the water body of the seedlings at the M3 and PL3 stages, wherein the total alkalinity is about 155, the pH value is 8.2-8.3, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.08mg/L, the nitrite is less than 0.07mg/L, the water yellow bacteria for seedling cultivation is less than 500, the water green bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0, and the fluorescent bacteria for seedling cultivation is 0;
(6) detecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens: after shrimp specific pathogen carrying detection of shrimp Enterobacter Hepatica (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacterium (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) and the like by taking shrimp fries at PL3 and PL7 stages to perform real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), all pathogen carrying shows negative;
(7) and (3) testing the quality of the shrimp larvae: performing quality inspection on shrimp seedlings by taking PL5 and PL8 stages, wherein shrimp yellow bacteria is less than 80, shrimp green bacteria is 0, shrimp fluorescent bacteria is 0, fluorescence is 0 under field observation, shelling/weak seedlings is less than 4%, deformity/injury is less than 6%, gastrointestinal content midgut is less than 1/4 is less than 5%, liver and pancreas color is more than 95%, liver and pancreas digestive cells are more than 85%, stress is more than 95%, body surface parasites are 0, gill development is more than 85%, variation coefficient is 4.64-7.78%, and the judgment results are all A-grade and are suitable for cultivation;
(8) and (3) selling the shrimp larvae: and (3) producing young shrimp seedlings (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is 0.52-0.59 cm), keeping the packaging water temperature at 22 ℃, not tying ice bottles, packaging the young shrimp seedlings with the packaging density of 4.8 thousand tails/bag, totaling 390 bags, producing large shrimp seedlings (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is 0.80-1.0 cm), keeping the packaging water temperature at 28 ℃, packaging the young shrimp seedlings with the packaging density of 5000 tails/bag, totaling 1000 bags, putting 3000 thousand tails of the nauplius larva in the batch of the seedlings, and achieving the survival rate of 79.07%.
The foregoing embodiments and description have been presented only to illustrate the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The method for cultivating the indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free litopenaeus vannamei offspring seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: (1) seedling culture seawater treatment: flocculating and precipitating seawater with potassium permanganate, primary chlorine disinfection, secondary chlorine disinfection, sand jar filtration, primary foam separator treatment, secondary foam separator treatment, precise filtration with a Dow ultrafilter, water quality regulation, precipitation and filtration, and bagging with cotton bagsA pool; (2) cleaning and disinfecting an indoor seedling raising pond: mixing iodine solution, liquid detergent and oxalic acid according to a certain proportion in a seedling raising pool, thoroughly brushing, and airing in a ventilating way after rinsing with fresh water; (3) specific pathogen free nauplii delivery: selecting qualified N2-N3 stage nauplius which are free of Specific Pathogen (SPF) and detected to be 10-30 ten thousand tails/m3The density of the seedlings is put into a seedling raising pond; (4) preparing and feeding specific pathogen-free bait: preparation of biological baits, including culture of microalgae, rotifers and fairy bugs, detection is carried out to ensure that baits fed are free of Specific Pathogen (SPF), artificial baits are fed, including prawn slices, microecologics and other auxiliary materials, and each product also needs to pass detection of the free of Specific Pathogen (SPF); (5) the shrimp larva cultivation key point is controlled: a. the seedling raising temperature range is 27-32 ℃ in the whole process; b. illumination and ventilation of the seedling growing workshop are realized, direct sunlight is avoided, a place 2-3 m above the seedling pool is shielded by sun-shading cloth, doors and windows of the workshop are opened, and natural ventilation is realized; c. constructing artificial algae phase in the seedling pond: when the nauplius larva grows to N5-N6, feeding chaetoceros and Alternaria hainanensis to the seedling pool, maintaining the density of algae in the water body to be 5-8 million cells/mL, continuing until the shrimp fry completely changes into mysid I period (M1), and keeping the algae in the seedling pool from aging; d. forming a natural bacterial phase in the seedling pool: feeding a certain amount of photosynthetic bacteria into the water body of the seedling pool every day to allow shrimp seedlings to ingest thalli and purify water quality, feeding a certain amount of EM (effective microorganisms) culture medium every day to provide necessary nutrient substances for bacterial proliferation of the seedling pool, and forming a natural bacterial phase by matching beneficial bacterial proliferation in algae and artificial bait to achieve the total bacterial balance of the seedling pool; e. feeding baits: feeding early microcapsule material and early canned prawn slices at the I stage (Z1) of shrimp larvae and fleas at a feeding amount of 1g/m34 tons/day, the feeding amount of the shrimp larvae from flea II (Z2) to flea III stage (Z3) is increased to 1.2-1.5 g/m3Feeding 100-150 g/million of frozen or killed fairy shrimp nauplii at 6 tons/day and 4 tons/day, and adjusting according to the feeding and excrement dragging conditions of the shrimp larvae; feeding micro-capsule feed in the middle stage and barreled shrimp slices in the middle stage from shrimp seed chaff I (M1) to chaff III (M3), wherein the feeding amount is 15-25 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, feeding 200-300 g/million tails by using frozen or blanched fairy shrimp nauplii and 4 tons/day, and feeding according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the shrimp seedsAdjusting the rows; feeding the middle and later-period barreled shrimp slices from the young shrimp to the young shrimp stage, wherein the feeding amount is 40-60 g/million tails and 6 tons/day, the young shrimp is fed with 250-300 g/million tails and 4 tons/day by using live fairy shrimp nauplii, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the feeding and excrement conditions of the young shrimp; f. adding and replacing water: adding 6-10 cm of flea III (Z3) to bran III stage (M3) according to the ratio of seawater to fresh water of 1:1 every day, changing water for 15-30% every day after young shrimps are added, and adding 1.2-1.5 g/M of water before feeding into the seedling pool every day3Vitamin C of (a); g. dissolved oxygen amount: keeping the dissolved oxygen of water body above 6mg/L, aerating at N2-N6 stage to be in a microwave state, boiling at Z1-Z3 stage to be in a micro-boiling state, boiling at M1-M3 stage to be in a strong boiling state after young shrimps are grown; (6) detecting and tracking the whole seedling growing process: carrying out whole-process tracking on water quality and bacteria of the seawater of the seedling pool before the nauplii are thrown, at the Z3 stage, the M3 stage, the PL3 stage and the PL7 stage; (7) detecting and quality inspecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens: carrying out real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) specific pathogen free carrying detection on the shrimp seeds at the PL3 and PL7 stages, and carrying out quality inspection on the shrimp seeds at the PL 5-PL 8 stages by multiple indexes; (8) and (3) selling the shrimp larvae: and (3) adjusting the salinity of the seedling pool 1-2 days in advance according to the requirements of the emergence of the shrimp seedlings for specific pathogen detection and qualified quality inspection, and controlling the packing density and the water temperature on the emergence site.
2. The method for cultivating the litopenaeus vannamei indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free offspring seeds according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the treatment of the seedling seawater is carried out, wherein the treatment concentration of potassium permanganate is 0.5-1.0 g/m3The flocculation precipitation time is 24-48 h, and the effective chlorine concentration of the primary chlorine disinfection and the secondary chlorine disinfection is 20-25 g/m3And 10 to 15g/m3The water quality is adjusted by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)3)40～50g/m35-10 g/m of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA-2Na)3And aerating and mixing uniformly, stopping aerating and precipitating for 12-24 hours.
3. The method for cultivating the litopenaeus vannamei indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free offspring seeds according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the indoor seedling raising pond is cleaned and disinfected, the inner wall and the outer wall are thoroughly brushed twice by using a mixed solution prepared from 10L of fresh water, 50mL of iodine solution with the effective concentration of 10% and 2-5 mL of detergent, and the fresh water is flushed clean and then is ventilated and aired for 2-3 days.
4. The method for cultivating the litopenaeus vannamei indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free offspring seeds according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the larvae of the nauplius are released without specific pathogens, and the nauplius need to be produced by detecting the shrimp without specific pathogens such as shrimp enterocystis disease (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing pancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease bacteria (AHPND), Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV), so as to ensure that the nauplius is SPF.
5. The method for cultivating the litopenaeus vannamei indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free offspring seeds according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: natural bacterial phase is formed in the seedling pool, and the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria projected to the water body of the seedling pool every day needs to reach 1.8 multiplied by 107The concentration of the culture medium of the EM needs to reach 18g/m and is more than CFU/mL3The above.
6. The method for cultivating the litopenaeus vannamei indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free offspring seeds according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: detecting and tracking the whole seedling culture process, and periodically detecting the water quality, the bacterial quantity and the like in a seedling culture water body, wherein the total alkalinity is 120-160, the pH value is 7.9-8.4, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.4mg/L, the nitrite is less than 0.1mg/L, the water yellow bacteria for seedling culture is less than or equal to 10000, the water green bacteria for seedling culture is less than or equal to 1000, the fluorescent bacteria for seedling culture is 0, and the total bacteria for seedling culture is more than or equal to 10 times of vibrio.
7. The method for cultivating the litopenaeus vannamei indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free offspring seeds according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: carrying out detection of shrimp larvae without specific pathogens, namely carrying and detecting the shrimp larvae without specific pathogens such as shrimp Enterogaster Hepatica (EHP), shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), shrimp Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), necrotizing pancreatitis bacteria (NHPB), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis bacteria (AHPND), vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Shrimp Hemocyte Iridovirus (SHIV) of the PL3 and PL7 stages by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR); taking PL 5-PL 8 stages to carry out quality inspection of multiple indexes on shrimp fries, specifically comprising less than or equal to 200 percent of shrimp body yellow fungus, less than or equal to 10 percent of shrimp body green fungus, 0 percent of shrimp body fluorescent fungus, 0 percent of fluorescence observed on site, less than 6 percent of unshelling/weak fry, less than 10 percent of deformity/injury, less than or equal to 15 percent of gastrointestinal content midgut deficiency 1/4, 90 percent of liver and pancreas color, 70 percent of liver and pancreas digestive cells, more than or equal to 85 percent of stress, 10 percent of body surface parasites, 70 percent of gill development and 12 percent of coefficient of variation.
8. The method for cultivating the litopenaeus vannamei indoor industrialized ecological specific pathogen-free offspring seeds according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: selling the shrimp seeds, and obtaining the young shrimps (the total length of the shrimp seeds is 0.5-0.6 cm): the temperature of the seedling receiving party is below 20 ℃, the temperature of the packaging water is 23 ℃, the temperature of the receiving party is above 20 ℃, and the temperature of the packaging water is 21-22 ℃; the temperature of the seedling adjusting party is above 25 ℃, ice bottles are packed, and the packing density is 4-6 ten thousand tails per bag; big seedlings (the total length of the shrimp seedlings is more than 0.8 cm): the transportation time is less than 3 hours, the packaging water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the transportation time is 3-6 hours, the packaging water temperature is 26-28 ℃, the transportation time is more than 6 hours, the packaging water temperature is 24-26 ℃, and the density requirement is as follows: the total length of the shrimp larvae is 0.8-1.0 cm: transporting for 3 hours, 5000-6000 tails per bag, transporting for more than 3 hours, 4000-5000 tails per bag; the total length of the shrimp larvae is 1.0-1.2 cm: transporting for 3 hours, 4000-5000 tails per bag, transporting for more than 3 hours, 3000-4000 tails per bag; the total length of the shrimp larvae is more than 1.2 cm: transporting <3 hours, 3000-4000 tails/bag, transporting >3 hours not allowing emergence of seedlings.
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| CN112616741A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-04-09 | 渤海水产育苗(山东)有限公司 | Method for cultivating green food shrimp fries |
| CN112646786A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-04-13 | 海南海壹水产种苗有限公司 | Rapid preliminary separation method for vibrio kammaticus phage |
| CN112655625A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-04-16 | 渤海水产育苗(山东)有限公司 | EHP-free prawn breeding technology |
| CN113475440A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-08 | 新荣腾种业有限公司 | Method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone seedlings with glass seedling disease bacterium resistance |
| CN113711963A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-11-30 | 龙海市顺源水产科技有限公司 | Method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN114600811A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-10 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for purifying Chinese prawn core breeding group WSSV |
| CN115176750A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-10-14 | 阳江利洋苗种繁育有限公司 | Remote transportation method of nauplii of penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN117016459A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-11-10 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali land litopenaeus vannamei breeding method |
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