CN110679475A - Innovative breeding method for yellow European group germplasm - Google Patents
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- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention relates to a crop breeding method, in particular to an innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm, which comprises the following steps: selecting a yellow modifier inbred line as one of the parents, hybridizing the yellow modifier inbred line with a European hard grain germplasm inbred line, and continuously selfing by using a high-stringency line selection method to select a plurality of excellent inbred lines; confirming that the selected inbred line belongs to the yellow Europe group by an SSR molecular marker technology; selecting an inbred line from the X group as a female parent test seed for test cross; the test cross breeding is carried out by taking the current main planting corn variety in China as the contrast, repeatedly planting in a multi-point multi-row area, selecting a corresponding hybrid combination inbred line with the test cross combination yield exceeding 10 percent of the main planting corn variety in China, and having stable yield, adaptability, lodging resistance, disease resistance, density tolerance, drought tolerance, seed dehydration rate and seed water content superior to those of a yellow reform inbred line and a European hard seed inbred line, thus obtaining the new germplasm of the yellow European group. The method aims to develop germplasm resources with the advantages of precocity, density resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed and low seed water content in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crop breeding method, in particular to an innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm.
Background
The corn germplasm resource is a material basis for cultivating high-yield high-quality multi-resistance hybrid seeds. Especially, local germplasm resources with good ecological adaptability are indispensable important materials. At present, due to the impact of foreign excellent germplasm resources, a great part of corn genetic breeding units in China abandons the research and utilization of yellow serology, so that the genetic gain of the special local germplasm in China is obviously reduced. In recent years, natural disasters such as wind and rain, drought, plant diseases and insect pests and the like in the main corn production area in China are frequent, and the problems of lodging, turning over, low seed dehydration speed, high seed water content and the like are very serious, so that most of corn inbred lines in the market cannot meet the urgent requirements of germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive properties such as early maturity, high density and drought resistance, strong disease and lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed, low seed water content and the like in the current and future corn production.
In order to adapt to the situation requirement and solve the problems of poor density and drought resistance, poor disease and lodging resistance, low seed dehydration speed, high seed water content and the like of most of maize inbred lines in China at present, an innovative breeding method of Huangrui group germplasm is provided according to a maize genetic breeding theory and by combining breeding practice. The method can not only continuously improve the genetic gain of the unique germplasm resources in China, but also solve the breeding work of the germplasm resources with the characteristics of precocity, density resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed, low seed water content and the like in China, and accelerate the breeding work of new corn varieties with high yield, precocity, density resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance and suitability for mechanical harvest.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm, which comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a yellow modifier inbred line as one of the parents, hybridizing the yellow modifier inbred line with a European hard grain germplasm inbred line, backcrossing the yellow modifier inbred line as the parent for 1 time, selecting a line group on the basis of a material obtained by backcrossing, and continuously selfing for multiple generations to breed a plurality of parts of excellent inbred lines by using a high-stringency line selection method and taking early maturity, high density and drought tolerance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed and low seed water content as breeding standards;
b. b, selecting backbone inbred lines from the X group, the improved Reid group, the lanchester group, the Huang reform group, the Luda red bone group, the P group and the European hard grain germplasm as representative lines, performing group division on a plurality of inbred lines bred in the step a by using an SSR molecular marker technology, and confirming that the inbred lines are far away from the genetic distance of the representative inbred lines of the existing group and do not belong to the independent group of the group, namely belong to the Huang-Ou group;
c. selecting an inbred line from an X group which is far away from the genetic distance of the yellow reform group and the European hard grain germplasm as a female parent test seed, and carrying out hybridization to obtain a hybrid seed by using the yellow Europe group inbred line, the yellow reform group inbred line and the European hard grain germplasm inbred line which are selected and bred in the steps as a male parent;
d. the hybrid seeds are repeatedly planted in a multi-point and multi-row area by taking the corn varieties mainly planted in China as a contrast, the comprehensive character identification of yield, adaptability, precocity, density and drought resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed, low seed water content and the like is carried out, the hybrid combination yield matched by a newly bred inbred line exceeds 10 percent of the corn varieties mainly planted in China, and the inbred lines of corresponding hybrid combinations matched by a yellow swarming inbred line and a European hard seed germplasm inbred line are superior to those of the yellow swarming inbred line and the European hard seed germplasm inbred line in the characters of stable yield, adaptability, lodging resistance, disease resistance, density and drought resistance, seed dehydration speed, seed water content and the like, namely the bred yellow Europe group new germplasm.
The breeding method comprises the steps of selecting a line, selfing for multiple generations continuously by a high-stringency line selection method, wherein the breeding standards are early maturity, high density and drought tolerance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed and low seed water content.
Early maturing: more than 3 days earlier than the original parent;
and (3) density resistance: the planting density is more than 5000 plants/mu;
drought tolerance: the number of pores is less than 20% of that of the control, the size of the pores is reduced by 20% of that of the control, the conductivity of the pores is less than that of the control, and the transpiration rate is less than that of the control;
disease resistance: the resistance to stem rot, ear rot and northern leaf blight reaches the above grade;
lodging resistance: the lodging rate is lower than 5 percent;
the seed dehydration rate is high: the later dehydration rate of the seeds is faster than that of the contrast;
the water content of the grains is low: the water content of the seeds is below 25 percent during harvesting.
Wherein, the yellow improved inbred line is preferably one of Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H.
Wherein, the European scleroid germplasm inbred line is preferably one of UH004F, KWS49 and 6F 576.
The X group inbred line is preferably one of Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547.
Wherein, the line selection method with high stringency is used for continuous selfing for multiple generations, 4-6 generations are selfed, and 5 generations are preferred.
Wherein the corn variety mainly planted in China at present is Zhengdan 958.
The multi-point multi-row area is repeatedly planted, preferably, the multi-point multi-row area is repeatedly planted for three times in 6 rows of 10 test points such as Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinnan, Anhui Huzhou, inner Mongolian Chifeng, inner Mongolian Tongliao, Jilin elm, Heilongjiang Zuodong, Heilongjiang Jiamu Si and the like.
The invention also provides an application of the innovative breeding method of the yellow European group germplasm in corn breeding.
The invention relates to an innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm, aiming at continuously improving the genetic gain of unique germplasm resources in China, enriching the genetic basis of germplasm resources in China, solving the breeding work of germplasm resources with the advantages of precocity, density resistance, drought tolerance, disease resistance, lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed, low seed water content and the like in China, accelerating the breeding work of new maize varieties with high yield, precocity, density resistance, drought tolerance, disease resistance, lodging resistance and suitability for harvesting, and ensuring the grain safety in China.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The yellow modified population inbred line of the variety related in the embodiment is preferably a known variety of Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, UH004F, KWS49, 6F576, Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547, and a person skilled in the art can introduce the variety from a breeding unit or a quality library of each variety.
1. In spring 2012, yellow modifier inbred lines (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H) and European hard grain germplasm inbred lines (UH004F, KWS49 and 6F576) are selected to be hybridized with each other to obtain (Jing 2416 × UH004F, Jing 2416 × KWS49, Jing 2416 × 6F576, Chang 7-2 × UH004F, Chang 7-2 × KWS49, Chang 7-2 × 6F576, Jing 2416H × UH004F, Jing 2416H × WS49 and Jing 2416H × 6F576) F1And (4) seeds.
2. In 2012, the filial generation (Jing 2416 × UH004F, Jing 2416 × KWS49, Jing 2416 × 6F576, Chang 7-2 × UH004F, Chang 7-2 × KWS49, Chang 7-2 × 6F576, Jing 2416H × UH004F, Jing 2416H × KWS49, Jing 2416H × 6F576) F is introduced1Backcrossing the plants with yellow modifier inbred lines (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H) to obtain [ (Jing 2416 XUH 004F) XJing 2416, (Jing 2416 XKWS 49) XJing 2416, (Jing 2416X 6F576) XJing 2416, (Chang 7-2 XUH 004F) XChang 7-2 XKWS 49) XChang 7-2, (Chang 7-2X 6F576) XChang 7-2, (Jing 2416H XUH 004F) XJing 2416H, (Jing 2416H XWS KWS49) XJing 2416H, (Jing 2416H X6F) X2416H]Backcrossing 1 generation of seeds, and breeding backcrossed 1 generation of offspring according to standards (more than 3 days earlier than the original parent, more than 5000 plants/mu of planting density, more than 20% less air holes than the contrast, 20% less air hole size than the contrast, less air hole conductivity than the contrast, less transpiration rate than the contrast, more than resistant grade of stem rot, ear rot and large leaf spot, less than 5% lodging rate, high seed dehydration rate, higher later-stage seed dehydration rate than the contrast, and less than 25% seed water content during harvest) which are suitable for the main corn production area in China, 6-10 fruit ears are selected for each backcross combination.
3. In spring of 2013, selected backcross 1 generation progeny ears are planted in Beijing according to ear rows for selfing, 3-5 individual plants are selected for excellent ear rows for selfing, and selfing progeny breeding is carried out according to standards (the selection standards are the same) which are suitable for the main producing area of corn in China, early maturity, density and drought resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed and low seed water content.
4. And carrying out continuous selfing selection on Beijing-Hainan in the winter of 2013 to 2015 according to a high-stringency line selection method for 2 generations in one year (the selection standard is the same as above), and breeding 20 parts of excellent selfing lines for 5 generations by selfing. The 20 inbred lines are high in yield, wide in adaptability, early-maturing, dense-tolerant and drought-tolerant, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, high in seed dehydration speed, low in seed water content (the average early-maturing time is 4 days higher than that of an original parent, the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the number of air holes is 20% less than that of a control, the size of the air holes is 20% less than that of the control, the air hole conductivity is less than that of the control, the transpiration rate is less than that of the control, the resistance to stem rot, ear rot and large leaf spot is up to the above grade, the average lodging rate is 5%, the seed dehydration rate is high, the later-stage dehydration rate of the seeds is 5.
5. In 2016, the backbone inbred lines Jing 724, Jing MC01, Jing B547, Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, MO17, PH4CV, LH301, Zheng 58, Bao 478, CH03, B73, PH6WC, Dan 340, E28, Qiqi 319, P178, UH F, KWS49 and 6F576 which are commonly used in production are selected as X groups (Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547), yellow reform groups (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H), Lankanster groups (MO17, PH4CV and LH301), improved Rurd groups (Zheng 58, Gao and CH03), Rurd groups (B73 and PH6 48), Luda red bone groups (Dan 340, E28), P groups (319 and P178), European hard seed culture (KsQI 58, Ws 582 and CH03), Rurd groups (Beijing WC), European SSR strains are selected as excellent germplasm groups, and the new germplasm markers are selected, and the bred by using different technologies such as 20 germplasm markers. The group comprises excellent characteristics of 4 large corn germplasm resource groups such as Reid group, Huang reform group, Lankaster group and Luda red bone group which are widely used in China.
6. And (3) utilizing the representative lines of different germplasm groups in the step (5) and the newly bred 20 inbreds to perform genetic distance analysis by utilizing an SSR molecular marker technology according to a UPGMA (unweight Pair Group Method identity measures) Method, and finding that the genetic distance between the newly bred 20 inbred lines and the Group X is farthest.
7. In 2016, the X-group inbred lines (Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547) are used as female parent test seeds, and the newly bred 20 parts of yellow Europe inbred lines and the original parent (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, UH004F, KWS49 and 6F576) are used as male parents to perform hybridization and hybridization.
8. In 2017 spring, the hybrid is matched to obtain hybrid seeds, the corn variety Zhengdan 958 which is mainly planted in China at present is taken as a contrast, repeatedly planting 10 test points such as Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinan, Anhui Huzhou, inner Mongolian red peak, inner Mongolian Tongliao, Jilin elm, Heilongjiang Zuodong, Heilongjiang Jiamu and the like for three times in 6 rows, and carrying out comprehensive character screening and identification such as high-yield precocity, density resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance, mechanical harvest and the like (the screening standard is that the yield is equal to or higher than that of a control by more than 5%, the contrast is precocity by more than 3 days, the planting density is more than 5000 plants/mu, the number of air holes is less than that of the control by more than 20%, the size of the air holes is reduced by 20%, the conductivity is less than that of the control, the steaming rate is less than that of the control, the stem rot, the panicle rot and the big spot resistance reaches the higher level, the lodging rate is less than 5%, and the later-period. Comprehensive performance analysis of properties such as yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance, stability and the like shows that the newly bred 20 parts of hybrid combination formed by the yellow European group inbred line and the X group inbred line is superior to the hybrid combination formed by combining original parent strains of Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, UH004F, KWS49 and 6F576 with the X group inbred line in terms of high yield, stable yield, adaptability, lodging resistance and disease resistance. Meanwhile, the hybrid combination matched with the newly bred yellow Europe group inbred line can increase the yield by more than 10 percent compared with the current major variety Zheng 958, and the number of the hybrid combination with excellent comprehensive character performance is 10.
10. In 2017, in winter, the X-group inbred line (Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547) is used as a female parent test seed, and 10 parts of the newly screened yellow Europe group inbred line and original parents (Jing 2416, Chang 7-2, Jing 2416H, UH004F, KWS49 and 6F576) are used as male parents to perform hybridization and hybridization.
11. In 2018 spring, the hybrid is matched to obtain hybrid seeds, the corn variety Zhengdan 958 which is mainly planted in China at present is taken as a contrast, repeatedly planting 10 test points such as Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinan, Anhui Huzhou, inner Mongolian red peak, inner Mongolian Tongliao, Jilin elm, Heilongjiang Zuodong, Heilongjiang Jiamu and the like for three times in 6 rows, and carrying out comprehensive character screening and identification such as high-yield precocity, density resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance, mechanical harvest and the like (the screening standard is that the yield is equal to or higher than that of a control by more than 5%, the contrast is precocity by more than 3 days, the planting density is more than 5000 plants/mu, the number of air holes is less than that of the control by more than 20%, the size of the air holes is reduced by 20%, the conductivity is less than that of the control, the steaming rate is less than that of the control, the stem rot, the panicle rot and the big spot resistance reaches the higher level, the lodging rate is less than 5%, and the later-period. Through 2 years of 10-point identification, the newly bred inbred line is obviously superior to 3 yellow European group inbred lines of the original parent in the aspects of early maturity, density and drought resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed, low seed water content and the like. The 3 parts of yellow Europe group inbred line is excellent yellow Europe group new germplasm which is named as Jinghuangou 1, Jinghuangou 2 and Jinghuangou 3.
Jinghuangou 1, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18326, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
Jinghuangou 2, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18327, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
Jinghuangou 3, classified and named as corn Zea mays, with the preservation number of CGMCC 18328, and preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 08 and 20 months, address: western road No. 1, north chen west road, north kyo, chaoyang, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, zip code 100101.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a yellow modifier inbred line as one of the parents, hybridizing the yellow modifier inbred line with a European hard grain germplasm inbred line, backcrossing the yellow modifier inbred line as the parent for 1 time, selecting a line group on the basis of a material obtained by backcrossing, and continuously selfing for multiple generations to breed a plurality of parts of excellent inbred lines by using a high-stringency line selection method and taking early maturity, high density and drought tolerance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed and low seed water content as breeding standards;
b. b, selecting backbone inbred lines from the X group, the improved Reid group, the lanchester group, the Huang reform group, the Luda red bone group, the P group and the European hard grain germplasm as representative lines, performing group division on a plurality of inbred lines bred in the step a by using an SSR molecular marker technology, and confirming that the inbred lines are far away from the genetic distance of the representative inbred lines of the existing group and do not belong to the independent group of the group, namely belong to the Huang-Ou group;
c. selecting an inbred line from an X group which is far away from the genetic distance of the yellow reform group and the European hard grain germplasm as a female parent test seed, and carrying out hybridization to obtain a hybrid seed by using the yellow Europe group inbred line, the yellow reform group inbred line and the European hard grain germplasm inbred line which are selected and bred in the steps as a male parent;
d. the hybrid seeds are repeatedly planted in a multi-point and multi-row area by taking the corn varieties mainly planted in China as the contrast, the comprehensive character identification of yield, adaptability, precocity, density and drought resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, high seed dehydration speed and low seed water content is carried out, the hybrid combination yield matched with the newly bred inbred line exceeds 10 percent of the corn varieties mainly planted in China, and the inbred line of the corresponding hybrid combination matched with the yellow improved group inbred line and the European hard seed germplasm inbred line is superior to the yellow improved group inbred line and the European hard seed germplasm inbred line in the aspects of yield stability, adaptability, lodging resistance, disease resistance, density and drought resistance, seed dehydration speed and seed water content, namely the bred new yellow European germplasm.
2. The innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that the selection method of high stringency is used for continuous selfing for multiple generations, and the breeding criteria are early maturity, high density and drought tolerance, disease and lodging resistance, fast seed dehydration speed and low seed water content.
3. The innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm according to claim 2, characterized in that the specific criteria are as follows:
early maturing: more than 3 days earlier than the original parent;
and (3) density resistance: the planting density is more than 5000 plants/mu;
drought tolerance: the number of pores is less than 20% of that of the control, the size of the pores is reduced by 20% of that of the control, the conductivity of the pores is less than that of the control, and the transpiration rate is less than that of the control;
disease resistance: the resistance to stem rot, ear rot and northern leaf blight reaches the above grade;
lodging resistance: the lodging rate is lower than 5 percent;
the seed dehydration rate is high: the later dehydration rate of the seeds is faster than that of the contrast;
the water content of the grains is low: the water content of the seeds is below 25 percent during harvesting.
4. The innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm of claim 1, characterized in that the yellow improved group inbred line is one of Jing 2416, Chang 7-2 and Jing 2416H.
5. The innovative breeding method of yellow european collection germplasm of claim 1, characterized in that the european durum germplasm inbred line is one of UH004F, KWS49, 6F 576.
6. The innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm of claim 1, characterized in that the X group inbred line is one of Jing 724, Jing MC01 and Jing B547.
7. The innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm of claim 1, characterized in that the line selection method with high stringency is used for continuous selfing for multiple generations, selfing for 4-6 generations.
8. The innovative breeding method of yellow European group germplasm in claim 1, characterized in that the corn variety currently cultivated in China is Zhengdan 958.
9. The innovative breeding method of yellow Europe group germplasm of claim 1, characterized in that the multi-point multi-row repeated planting is carried out in 6 rows of 10 test points of Beijing Tongzhou, Hebei Baoding, Henan Zhengzhou, Shandong Jinnan, Anhui Huzhou, inner Mongolian red peak, inner Mongolian Tongliao, Jilin elm, Heilongjiang Zuodong and Heilongjiang Jiamu Si for three times.
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| 赵久然等: "基于SNP 芯片揭示中国玉米育种种质的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构", 《中国农业科学》 * |
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