CN117751837A - Corn breeding population circulation improvement method and application thereof - Google Patents
Corn breeding population circulation improvement method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cyclic improvement method for corn breeding groups and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of corn breeding. The invention takes parent inbred lines for producing the main-push corn varieties as basic materials, respectively constructs parent and father wide-base breeding basic groups according to a hybrid optimal mode, and respectively creates derivative groups with different target characters in different ecological areas of Huang-Huai-Hai through a multi-environment, large-group and high-stress screening technology; the derivative populations with different target traits are polymerized in a compound hybridization mode, and a comprehensive population carrying multiple target traits is created; by testing the comprehensive population mating force, a directional population is created, a corn breeding population circulation improvement method combining a derivative population, a comprehensive population and a directional population is created, a breeding population genetic improvement method is created, the genetic basis of the breeding population is widened, the advancement of the breeding population is maintained, the creation efficiency of excellent new germplasm is improved, and the original innovation capability of excellent germplasm resources is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn breeding, and particularly relates to a corn breeding population circulation improvement method and application thereof.
Background
The corn excellent breeding parents are poor, the utilization efficiency is low, the innovation capability is insufficient, the genetic foundation of the corn variety is narrow, the homogeneity is serious, and the risk resistance capability is weak. In recent years, with sudden frequent occurrence of adverse conditions such as drought, high temperature, waterlogging, diseases and the like, the production demand of seed mechanical harvest is continuously enhanced, and higher requirements are put forward for the breeding and popularization of new corn varieties in China.
Germplasm resources are the material basis for cultivating new varieties of corn, and innovation and utilization of excellent germplasm resources are the keys for cultivating new varieties of breakthrough corn. The population improvement is one of the most effective ways for accelerating the utilization of the excellent xenogeneic resource and creating the excellent xenogeneic resource and widening the genetic basis of the corn variety. Many scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of work in group improvement and have achieved certain results. In the middle and later stages of the 20 th century, tropical germplasm such as ETO, antigua, tuxpeno and Suwan-1 was introduced into temperate germplasm synthesis composite populations by Latin American corn improvement program (LAMP) and corn germplasm amplification program (GEM) in the United states, and population improvement was performed by recurrent selection, widening the basis of the United states corn germplasm. The international corn-wheat improvement Center (CIMMYT) constructs a broad-base population with different sex-form types, and improves the general mating force by adopting methods of improving spike-row half siblings, mutually recurrent selection and the like. In China, different corn ecological areas have precedents of expanding and utilizing corn germplasm bases in the areas through population improvement. In northeast corn producing area Wang Yanbo, etc. 3 methods are adopted to improve corn Liao comprehensive population, and the result shows that the S1 family close planting identification selection method has obvious population improvement effect, obvious increase of spike number, higher general mating force (GCA) level of yield character and larger breeding potential, and 6 corn inbred lines are bred from the improved population, and 6 hybrid species are assembled to pass national or provincial approval. Yong Hong Jun and the like evaluate the breeding application potential of 8 corn groups in northeast China, and the result shows that 4 groups have better character performance and higher general coordination effect, and the corn germplasm foundation in northeast China can be widened by creating a compound germplasm gradual improvement method. The research of Huang-Huai-Hai corn production area, kuryia and the like shows that the recurrent selection is effective for improving the single plant yield of the 'Yu-hedral No. 5' population, and the half sister recurrent selection and the mutual half sister recurrent selection are both obviously improved in general combination force for improving the population yield. Chen Kun, et al, have used a simplified, improved HS mutual round selection method to genetically improve two populations, and as a result, have found that the average yield gain of the populations after improvement is 7.70%. Researches in southwest corn production area, li Lujiang and the like show that the improved group high-generation selection line yield and main composition character and GCA performance thereof are superior to those of the basic group high-generation selection line, and the improved group high-generation selection line has higher breeding utilization value. And the improvement effect of different round selection methods on the corn narrow-base population is found, so that the main characters of the population and the GCA thereof can be effectively improved. In addition, researches show that innovative germplasm resources bred through group improvement have remarkable improvement in aspects of important agronomic characters, disease resistance, nitrogen utilization efficiency, seed quality and the like.
At present, the method for creating new corn germplasm by utilizing traditional population improvement mostly uses a few backbone inbred lines as basic materials, and adopts the construction of narrow-base population for line selection, so that the genetic basis is relatively narrow, and the innovative breakthrough new germplasm breeding efficiency is low. In addition, the traditional population improvement method mainly aims at improving a certain target character, few multi-target characters are improved at the same time, and the improvement process of a breeding population is not continuously integrated with new excellent germplasm, so that the population has defects in coping with sudden production problems, and is lack of continuous innovation and advancement. The narrow-base group selection has the main advantages of high germplasm creation speed and obvious short-term effect, but in the long term, the germplasm innovation technology route is single, the basic germplasm innovation capability is seriously insufficient, and new germplasm with excellent comprehensive properties such as high yield, compact resistance, lodging resistance, disease resistance, high stress resistance, suitability for mechanization and the like, which are required by future maize breeding in China, are difficult to create.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a corn breeding population circulation improvement method and application thereof, and the corn breeding population circulation improvement method is established by constructing a corn wide-base population with rich genetic base, so that the utilization efficiency of germplasm resources is improved, and the new germplasm creation and application process is quickened.
The invention provides a cyclic improvement method for corn breeding groups, which comprises the following steps:
creating and expanding a corn broad base population;
taking the created corn wide base population as a material, adopting a multi-environment, large-population, high-density and low-nitrogen stress screening method to carry out recurrent selection, and creating derivative populations carrying different target traits;
taking the offspring excellent plants of the derivative groups carrying different target characters as materials, and constructing a comprehensive group carrying a plurality of target characters simultaneously by multiple composite hybridization polymerization of the multiple target characters in the heterosis group;
and (3) determining the matching force of the preferable single plants in the comprehensive population carrying a plurality of target characters, and screening excellent single plants with high matching force from the high-yield test cross combination to carry out mixed recombination so as to obtain the directional population with definite test matching targets.
Preferably, the method for creating the corn broad base population is characterized in that female parent and male parent backbone inbred lines are respectively identified from the existing excellent germplasm, and the female parent or male parent backbone inbred lines are subjected to multiple hybridization under the condition of reproductive isolation to obtain the corn broad base population.
Preferably, the selection standard of the excellent foreign matter is a parent inbred line of corn hybrid seeds with the popularization area of more than 50 ten thousand mu, and the method is insensitive to light and temperature, moderate in growth period, excellent in comprehensive performance and capable of normal flowering and pollination.
Preferably, the method for identifying and selecting female parent and male parent backbone inbred lines is to divide according to the result of heterosis group and genotyping, wherein the heterosis group is obtained by dividing Ruider (Reid) series, SS (stiffstalk synthetic) series and MaizeAmargo series germplasm into female parent heterosis group and Tang Siping head series, homsw bone series, lanchester (lancaster sure crop) series, suanwann series and Tuxpeno series germplasm into male parent heterosis group by a pedigree analysis method;
the genotyping method is to analyze the main component of the genotype data of the female parent hybrid vigour group and the male parent hybrid vigour group by using a gene chip genotyping method, calculate the genetic distances between different inbred lines and reject the inbred line of the intermediate type of the male parent and the female parent; wherein the genotype of the female parent backbone inbred line is referenced to the genotypes of the standard species zheng 58 and PH6 WC; the genotype of the male parent backbone inbred line is referenced to the genotype of the standard seed yellow early four, dan 340 and PH4 CV;
the intermediate type inbred line of the father and the mother respectively refers to an inbred line containing 40-60% of father blood source or 40-60% of mother blood source.
Preferably, the multi-environment selection method is to plant 7 different test points in Huang-Huai-Hai area;
the large-population screening method is that the planting area of each population is more than 1.5 mu;
the high-density stress screening method is to plant more than 7000 plants per mu;
the low-nitrogen stress screening method is that the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 1/4 based on the conventional fertilizing amount.
Preferably, the trait of interest comprises at least one of the following: mechanical harvesting, high yield, drought resistance, disease resistance and heat resistance.
Preferably, the selection standard of the mechanically harvested derivative population is that the comprehensive properties are excellent, and the moisture content of the cluster seeds during harvesting is less than or equal to 25 percent;
the drought-resistant derived population is identified and selected according to the standard that the cluster seed setting rate is more than or equal to 85% under the condition of rain culture;
the selection standard of the high-yield derived population is that the comprehensive properties are excellent, and the grain weight of a single spike is more than or equal to 100g;
the screening criteria for the disease resistant derived population were individuals with good resistance to: stem rot, ear rot, rust and small spot;
the screening standard of the high-temperature resistant derivative population is that the fruiting rate of the clusters is more than or equal to 85 percent and the clusters are free of malformed clusters.
Preferably, the method for polymerizing the multiple hybrid traits in the heterosis population by multiple hybrid hybridization is to achieve the target trait polymerization by a sexual hybridization method.
Preferably, the excellent single plant with high coordination force refers to an inbred line with good general coordination force and special coordination force.
The invention provides application of the directional population obtained by the method in corn breeding.
The invention provides a cyclic improvement method of corn breeding population, which comprises the steps of firstly creating and amplifying a corn broad base population; taking the created corn wide base group as a material, adopting a multi-environment, large-group, high-density and low-nitrogen stress screening method to carry out recurrent selection in different geographic environments, and creating derivative groups carrying different target traits; taking excellent offspring single plants of the derivative groups carrying different target characters as materials, and constructing a comprehensive group carrying a plurality of target characters simultaneously by multiple composite hybridization polymerization of the multiple target characters in the heterosis group; selecting the matching force of the preferable single plant in the female parent comprehensive population simultaneously carrying a plurality of target characters and the male parent comprehensive population simultaneously carrying a plurality of target characters, screening excellent single plants with high matching force from high-yield test cross combinations, and carrying out mixed recombination to obtain the directional population with definite test and matching targets. The invention takes parent inbred lines for producing the main-push corn varieties as basic materials, respectively constructs parent and father wide-base breeding basic groups according to a hybrid optimal mode, and respectively creates derivative groups with different target characters in different ecological areas of Huang-Huai-Hai through a multi-environment, large-group and high-stress screening technology; the derivative populations with different target traits are polymerized in a compound hybridization mode, and a comprehensive population carrying multiple target traits is created; creating a directional population through testing the comprehensive population mating force; the technology system of circular improvement of corn population combined with derivative population, comprehensive population and directional population is created, a breeding population genetic improvement method is created, the genetic basis of the breeding population is widened, the advancement of the breeding population is maintained, the creation efficiency of excellent new germplasm is improved, and the original innovation capability of excellent germplasm resources is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an amplified and derived population of Zheng Qun No. 1 and Zheng Qun No. 2 in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system of technology for improving the circulation of corn colony.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cyclic improvement method for corn breeding groups, which comprises the following steps:
creating a corn wide base population;
taking the created corn wide base population as a material, adopting a multi-environment, large-population, high-density and low-nitrogen stress screening method to carry out recurrent selection, and creating derivative populations carrying different target traits;
taking excellent offspring single plants of the derivative groups carrying different target characters as materials, and constructing a comprehensive group carrying a plurality of target characters simultaneously by multiple composite hybridization polymerization of the multiple target characters in the heterosis group;
and (3) determining the combining force of excellent single plants in the comprehensive population carrying a plurality of target characters, and screening the excellent single plants with high combining force from the high-yield test cross combination to carry out mixed recombination to obtain the directional population with definite test and combining targets.
The present invention creates a broad base population of corn.
In the method for creating the corn broad base population, preferably, female parent and male parent backbone inbred lines are respectively identified from the existing excellent germplasm, and the female parent or male parent backbone inbred lines are subjected to multiple crossing under the condition of reproductive isolation to obtain the corn broad base population. The selection standard of the excellent foreign matter is preferably a parent inbred line of corn hybrid seeds with the popularization area of more than 50 ten thousand mu, and the method is insensitive to light and temperature, moderate in growth period, excellent in comprehensive performance and capable of normal flowering and pollination. In an embodiment of the present invention, the excellent germplasm comprises 3000 parts. The method for carrying out multiple hybridization under the condition of reproductive isolation comprises three rounds of genetic balance and strict selection under the condition of natural reproductive isolation. The three-wheeled genetic balance method is used for developing and pollinating the original Henan, the three-dimensional Henan and the original Henan respectively, and the isolation area is a square area as much as possible, so that the full exchange recombination of chromosomes is facilitated. Dividing according to the results of heterosis group and genotyping, wherein the heterosis group is obtained by dividing Reed (Reid) series, SS (stiffstalk synthetic) series, maizeAmargo series germplasm into female parent heterosis group and Tang Siping head series, holly red bone series, lanchester (lancaster sure crop) series, suanwann series, tuxpeno series germplasm into male parent heterosis group by pedigree analysis;
the genotyping method is to analyze the main component of the genotype data of the female parent hybrid vigour group and the male parent hybrid vigour group by using a gene chip genotyping method, calculate the genetic distances between different inbred lines and reject the inbred line of the intermediate type of the male parent and the female parent; wherein the genotype of the female parent backbone inbred line is referenced to the genotypes of the standard species zheng 58 and PH6 WC; the genotypes of the male parent backbone inbred lines are referenced to the genotypes of the standard seed yellow early four, dan 340 and PH4 CV. The intermediate type inbred line of the father and the mother respectively refers to an inbred line containing 40-60% of father blood source or 40-60% of mother blood source. In the embodiment of the invention, the female parent backbone inbred line is named as 'Zheng Qun No. 1', and comprises 32 female parent backbone germplasm such as Zheng 478, zheng 58, zheng 32, shen 5003, U8112, PHB47 and the like, and has the characteristics of high yield, good firmness, fast seed dehydration, compact resistance, lodging resistance and the like in Huang-Huai sea areas; the male parent diaphysis inbred line is named as 'Zheng Qun No. 2', and comprises 42 parts of male parent diaphysis germplasm represented by Huang Zao Si, chang 7-2, K12, lx9801, ji 853, dan 340, PHZ51 and the like, and the male parent diaphysis inbred line has the characteristics of early maturity, large powder amount, stress resistance, disease resistance, high coordination force and the like in Huang Huai Hai region. The creation of the two breeding basic groups provides a rich germplasm basis for breeding of Huang-Huai-Hai corn breeding parents.
In order to solve the outstanding problems of drought, disease, heat injury, lack of mechanical harvest varieties and the like in the corn production in recent years, the invention screens excellent germplasm with good adaptability and outstanding target characters through the combined phenotype character accurate evaluation of large-scale germplasm resources which are sustained in multiple ecological areas for years, and in the round selection process of breeding groups, the identified excellent novel germplasm is respectively fused into No. Zheng Qun and No. Zheng Qun by a multiple composite hybridization method based on heterosis groups, and the periodicity and the targeted genetic amplification of the target characters of the breeding groups are realized through multiple rounds of genetic balance and strict selection, so that the adaptability of the breeding groups to complex and changeable environments is further improved, the advancement of the breeding groups is maintained, and the breeding application value of the breeding groups is improved in a crossing way.
After the corn broad base population is obtained, the invention takes the created corn broad base population as a material, adopts a multi-environment, large population, high density and low nitrogen stress screening method to carry out recurrent selection, and creates derivative populations carrying different target traits.
In the invention, the multi-environment selection method is preferably to plant 7 different test points in Huang-Huai-Hai region, namely Anyang, crane wall, luoyang, compound river, nanyang, fuyang and Xinxiang. The selection method of the large group is preferably that each group is planted with more than 1.5 mu or 10000 plants. The high-density stress screening method is preferably more than 7000 plants planted in each mu. The low nitrogen stress screening method is preferably that the fertilizing amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is reduced by 1/4 of the quality on the basis of the conventional fertilizing amount. The trait of interest preferably comprises at least one of the following: mechanical harvesting, high yield, drought resistance, disease resistance and heat resistance. The selection standard of the mechanically harvested derivative group is preferably good in comprehensive properties, the moisture content of the cluster seeds is less than or equal to 25% during harvesting, and the single plant selection rate of the group is about 1%; the selection standard of drought-resistant derived groups is preferably that under the condition of rain and cultivation, the fruiting rate of the clusters is more than or equal to 85 percent, and the selection rate of excellent single plants of the groups is preferably 0.8-1.2 percent, more preferably 1 percent; the selection standard of the high-yield derived population is preferably good in comprehensive properties, the grain weight of a single spike is more than or equal to 100g, and the selection rate of the good single plant of the population is preferably 0.8-1.2%, more preferably 1%; the screening criteria for the disease resistant derived population is preferably an individual with good resistance to: the selection rate of excellent single plants in the group is preferably 0.8-1.2%, more preferably 1%; the screening standard of the high-temperature resistant derivative population is preferably that the fruiting rate of the clusters is more than or equal to 85 percent, the selection rate of excellent single plants of the population is preferably 0.8-1.2 percent, more preferably 1 percent, and the clusters are free of malformed clusters. In the embodiment of the invention, a derivative population with the mechanical properties is obtained by screening an Anyang; the derived population with high yield character is obtained by screening on the crane wall and Zhengzhou; selecting and obtaining derivative populations of drought resistance characters in the Luoyang; selecting the derived population with disease resistance in the Loxoriver and the Nanyang; and (5) carrying out screening on Fuyang to obtain a derivative population with the heat resistance property.
After derived populations carrying different target traits are obtained, the offspring of the derived populations carrying different target traits are used as materials, and comprehensive populations carrying a plurality of target traits are constructed through multiple composite hybridization polymerization of multi-target trait excellent genes or loci in the heterosis populations.
In the invention, the method for polymerizing the multi-target traits by multiple compound hybridization in the heterosis group is to realize the polymerization of the target traits by a sexual hybridization method.
After the comprehensive population carrying a plurality of target traits is obtained, the coordination force of excellent single plants in the comprehensive population simultaneously carrying a plurality of target traits is measured, and the excellent families with high coordination force are screened from the high-yield test cross combination to carry out mixed recombination, so that the directional population with definite test and coordination targets is obtained.
In the invention, the yield of the high-yield test cross combination is preferably increased by more than 5% compared with the yield of a control variety Zhengdan 958. The excellent family of high mating force preferably refers to an excellent inbred line which is good in both general mating force and special mating force. The general good match means that when the excellent single plant and a plurality of test species are prepared, the hybrid combination yield is more than 5% higher than that of the local control. A good specific binding capacity preferably means that the yield of the hybrid combination of a good individual and a specific test seed is more than 5% higher than that of a local control. In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of directional groups are obtained, for example, a yellow-modified directional group which is advantageous to test species with Zheng 58 backbone inbred lines or a Reid directional group which is advantageous to test species with Chang 7-2 backbone inbred lines.
The method provided by the invention creates a corn population circulation improvement technology system combining derivative population, comprehensive population and directional population. The technology system is essentially that a derivative group is responsible for screening key target characters in an ecological area where the derivative group is located, a comprehensive group is responsible for polymerizing different target characters, and heterosis (coordination force) efficient utilization is realized by constructing a directional group. Through the multi-round improvement of the comprehensive population and the directional population, an excellent new germplasm with excellent comprehensive properties and high coordination force is created, and is continuously integrated into the derivative population, and then the multi-environment, large population and high stress corn population screening technology is combined, so that the target properties and the comprehensive properties of the derivative population are continuously improved, the next round of comprehensive population and the directional population are constructed, and the cyclic improvement of the three types of populations is realized.
Based on the oriented population carrying a plurality of target traits, the invention provides application of the oriented population obtained by the method in corn breeding.
The following examples are provided to illustrate a method for circularly improving a maize breeding population and the use thereof in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Circulation improvement method for corn breeding population
1. Construction of broad base populations
Aiming at the outstanding problems of narrow genetic foundation, serious corn variety homogeneity and the like of the maize breeding parent inbred line. 40 parts and 42 parts of female parent and male parent backbone inbred lines are respectively identified and selected from more than 3000 excellent germplasm collected at home and abroad. Wherein the quality of the xenogenous inclusion criteria: the parent inbred line of the corn hybrid with the popularization area of more than 50 ten thousand mu is insensitive to light and temperature, has moderate growth period and excellent comprehensive performance, and can normally bloom and pollinate. Classifying according to heterosis groups, and dividing according to genotype data. The selected germplasm is divided into a female parent group and a male parent group, and the specific method comprises the following steps: dividing the Ruidean series, stiff stalk synthetic series and MaizeAmargo series germplasm into maternal heterosis groups by a pedigree analysis method; dividing Tang Siping head series, hotel bone series, lanchester series, suanwann series, tuxpeno series germplasm into male parent heterosis groups; carrying out principal component analysis on genotype data of the germplasm by using a gene chip (Genobaits map 1 KPanel) typing method, calculating genetic distances among different inbred lines, and eliminating inbred lines of a father-mother intermediate type (genetic distance is about 0.5); the hybrid vigor group and the genotyping result are classified into a female parent backbone inbred line and a male parent backbone inbred line.
Based on comprehensive phenotypic character and heterosis group, three rounds of genetic balance and strict selection are carried out under natural isolation conditions of Henan original sun-Henan three-Henan original sun and the like through multiple hybridization, and a corn broad-base breeding basic group is created. The construction of the specific female parent group No. Zheng Qun refers to that the germplasm of the selected female parent group is subjected to open pollination under the condition of reproductive isolation, and the isolated area is a square area as much as possible, so that the complete exchange recombination (called multiple hybridization) of chromosomes is facilitated. The construction of the male parent group "Zheng Qun No. 2" is the same as above. Wherein, the 'Zheng Qun' comprises 32 female parent diaphysis germplasm of fluid, zheng 58, zheng 32, shen 5003, U8112, PHB47, fluid, PH6WC, K22, B37, B73, B14, yellow C, beijing 724, dredging 9058, comprehensive 3, comprehensive 31, fluid, system 14, DH382, 7884-7, DH351, ji 63, 8001, WK858, 515, L239, lu Yuan, DH65232, F19, KWS49, mixed 517 and the like, and has the characteristics of high yield, good firmness, fast seed dehydration, compact-resistant and anti-fall in Huang Huai sea area and the like; no. Zheng Qun "includes 42 male parent backbone species such as Huangzao Sichuan, chang 7-2, K12, lx9801, ji 853, dan 340, kuai 330, E28, PHZ51, PH4CV, mo17, C103, C123, mo17, OH43, 178, beijing 92, dredging 928, zizyhig 319, 87-1, 444, shen 137, P138, K12, dragon 11, K10, fluid, KLiang52106, L7221, WK798-2, 77, L91158, 953, CL11, NG5, M5972, F06, M14, dwarf gold 525, travel 28, weifeng 322, leucon, cheng 18 and the like, and has the characteristics of early maturity, large powder amount, stress resistance, high coordination force and the like when planted in Huanghuai sea areas. The creation of the two breeding basic groups provides a rich germplasm basis for breeding of Huang-Huai-Hai corn breeding parents.
2 Multi-target trait derived population construction
On the basis of the creation and amplification of the basic groups of No. Zheng Qun and No. Zheng Qun, aiming at production problems, the series derivative groups of No. Zheng Qun, no. Zheng Qun, no. 1, high yield, drought resistance, stem rot resistance, rust resistance and heat resistance are created by the selection method of multiple environments (7 representative test points in Huang-Huai-Hai region), large groups (more than 1.5 mu, 10000 strains), high stress (more than 7000 strains/mu; low nitrogen and one fourth of nitrogen reduction) through recurrent selection on the basis of the basic groups of No. Zheng Qun and No. Zheng Qun, respectively (FIG. 1). Mechanical derived population authentication criteria: the comprehensive properties are excellent, and the moisture content of the cluster seeds is less than or equal to 25% when the clusters are harvested (in the growth period of 110 days); drought-resistant derived population selection criteria: under the condition of rain cultivation, the fruit setting rate of the clusters is more than or equal to 85 percent; high yield derived population selection criteria: the comprehensive properties are excellent, and the grain weight of a single spike is more than or equal to 100g; comprehensive disease-resistant derived population screening criteria: excellent single plants with stem rot resistance, spike rot resistance, rust resistance and small spot disease resistance; high temperature resistant derived population screening criteria: the fruit setting rate of the ears is more than or equal to 85 percent, and the ears are free of malformed ears (table 1).
TABLE 1 construction of derived populations with different target traits
3 multiple group circulation improvement technical method and application
And utilizing good offspring of the derived population, and efficiently polymerizing multiple characters through multiple composite hybridization in the heterosis population to construct a comprehensive population carrying multiple target characters No. Zheng Qun and No. Zheng Qun. The comprehensive population Zheng Qun has the characteristics of good seed setting property, good seed quality, high seed production yield and the like besides the target character; the comprehensive population Zheng Qun has the characteristics of strong stress resistance, large pollen quantity, good pollen powder dispersion, long flowering phase and the like besides the target characters (table 2).
TABLE 2 general population characteristics
Selecting the matching force of the comprehensive population of No. Zheng Qun No. 1 and No. Zheng Qun by taking the representative inbred lines of No. Zheng Qun and No. Zheng Qun as test seeds according to a half-sibling interaction round selection method, screening excellent families with high matching force from high-yield test cross combinations, carrying out mixed recombination, and synthesizing a plurality of sets of directional populations with definite test matching targets according to a heterosis utilization mode, wherein the yellow modified type directional populations with the advantages of Zheng 58 backbone inbred lines are test seeds; selfing line with the class-7-2 backbone is a "directed population" of the Reid class with advantage of the test species.
The new corn varieties such as Zheng 1110, zheng 1111, zheng 641, zheng 642, zheng 651, zheng 1112, zheng 1086, zheng 893, zheng A03, zheng A16, zheng A19, zheng B92 and the like are created by utilizing the population circulation improvement technology, and the new corn varieties such as Zheng 7137, zheng 7153, zheng 7167, zheng 7168, zheng 7143 and the like prepared by utilizing the bone dry lines are approved by the national or provincial level and are applied in large scale production. The hybrid seeds such as Zhengdan 7216, zhengdan 7921, zhengdan 7929 and CR2023 participate in different channel examination tests, and are expected to pass the examination.
Based on the above research, a corn population circulation improvement technology system combining derivative population, comprehensive population and directional population is further established. The technology system is essentially that a derivative group is responsible for screening key target characters in an ecological area where the derivative group is located, a comprehensive group is responsible for polymerizing different target characters, and heterosis (coordination force) efficient utilization is realized by constructing a directional group. Through the multi-round improvement of the comprehensive population and the directional population, an excellent new germplasm with excellent comprehensive properties and high coordination force is created, and is continuously integrated into the derivative population, and then the target properties and the comprehensive properties of the derivative population are continuously improved by combining the multi-environment, large-population and high-stress corn population screening technology, so that the next round of comprehensive population and directional population is constructed, and the cyclic improvement of the three types of populations is realized (figure 2).
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for circularly improving corn breeding population, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
creating a corn wide base population;
taking the created corn wide base population as a material, adopting a multi-environment, large-population, high-density and low-nitrogen stress screening method to carry out recurrent selection, and creating derivative populations carrying different target traits;
taking the offspring excellent plants of the derivative groups carrying different target characters as materials, and constructing a comprehensive group carrying a plurality of target characters simultaneously by multiple composite hybridization polymerization of the multiple target characters in the heterosis group;
and (3) determining the matching force of the preferable single plants in the comprehensive population carrying a plurality of target characters, and screening excellent single plants with high matching force from the high-yield test cross combination to carry out mixed recombination so as to obtain the directional population with definite test matching targets.
2. The method for circularly improving corn breeding population according to claim 1, wherein the method for creating the corn broad base population is characterized in that female parent and male parent backbone inbred lines are respectively identified from existing excellent germplasm, and the female parent or male parent backbone inbred lines are subjected to multiple crossing under a reproductive isolation condition to obtain the corn broad base population.
3. The method for circularly improving corn breeding groups according to claim 2, wherein the selection standard of the superior foreign matters is a parent inbred line of corn hybrid seeds with a popularization area of more than 50 ten thousand mu, and the method is insensitive to light and temperature, moderate in growth period, excellent in comprehensive performance and capable of normal flowering and pollination.
4. The method for circularly improving corn breeding population according to claim 2, wherein the method for identifying and selecting female parent and male parent backbone inbred lines is divided according to the results of heterosis type group and genotyping, wherein the heterosis type group is obtained by dividing the Reed series, stiffstalk synthetic series and Maizeamargo series germplasm into female parent heterosis type group and Tang Siping head series, hoda red bone series, lanchester series, suanwann series and Tuxpeno series germplasm into male parent heterosis type group through a pedigree analysis method;
the genotyping method is to analyze the main component of the genotype data of the female parent hybrid vigour group and the male parent hybrid vigour group by using a gene chip genotyping method, calculate the genetic distances between different inbred lines and reject the inbred line of the intermediate type of the male parent and the female parent; wherein the genotype of the female parent backbone inbred line is referenced to the genotypes of the standard species zheng 58 and PH6 WC; the genotype of the male parent backbone inbred line is referenced to the genotype of the standard seed yellow early four, dan 340 and PH4 CV;
the intermediate type inbred line of the father and the mother respectively refers to an inbred line containing 40-60% of father blood source or 40-60% of mother blood source.
5. The method for circularly improving corn breeding groups according to claim 1, wherein the multi-environment selection method is to plant 7 different test points in Huang-Huai-Hai area;
the large-population screening method is that the planting area of each population is more than 1.5 mu;
the high-density stress screening method is to plant more than 7000 plants per mu;
the low-nitrogen stress screening method is that the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 1/4 based on the conventional fertilizing amount.
6. The method of circularly improving a maize breeding population of claim 1, wherein the trait of interest comprises at least one of: mechanical harvesting, high yield, drought resistance, disease resistance and heat resistance.
7. The method for circularly improving corn breeding groups according to claim 6, wherein the selection standard of the mechanically harvested derivative groups is that the comprehensive properties are excellent, and the moisture content of the clusters and seeds during harvesting is less than or equal to 25%;
the drought-resistant derived population is identified and selected according to the standard that the cluster seed setting rate is more than or equal to 85% under the condition of rain culture;
the selection standard of the high-yield derived population is that the comprehensive properties are excellent, and the grain weight of a single spike is more than or equal to 100g;
the screening criteria for the disease resistant derived population were individuals with good resistance to: stem rot, ear rot, rust and small spot;
the screening standard of the high-temperature resistant derivative population is that the fruiting rate of the clusters is more than or equal to 85 percent and the clusters are free of malformed clusters.
8. The method for circularly improving a maize breeding population according to claim 7, wherein the method for polymerizing the multiple hybrid traits in the heterosis population is to achieve the polymerization of the target traits by a sexual hybridization method.
9. The method for circularly improving a maize breeding population according to claim 1, wherein the excellent individual plant with high mating force is an inbred line with good general mating force and special mating force.
10. Use of the directed population obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 in maize breeding.
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