CN111528087A - Method for breeding high-combining ability and excellent germplasm of corn - Google Patents
Method for breeding high-combining ability and excellent germplasm of corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN111528087A CN111528087A CN202010306403.4A CN202010306403A CN111528087A CN 111528087 A CN111528087 A CN 111528087A CN 202010306403 A CN202010306403 A CN 202010306403A CN 111528087 A CN111528087 A CN 111528087A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding high-combining ability excellent germplasm of corn, which comprises the steps of firstly collecting excellent inbred lines to construct an initial population, carrying out genotype identification and heterosis group division, selecting specific hybrids as test seeds to evaluate the combining ability performance of each material in the initial population, and establishing a whole genome selection model; then, gradually breeding to obtain excellent single plants in the heterosis group according to the combining ability evaluation result and further obtaining a homozygous inbred line; and finally, carrying out genotype identification on the obtained homozygous inbred line, predicting the combining ability of the homozygous inbred line according to the whole genome selection model, and reserving the homozygous inbred line with high combining ability estimation value to obtain the excellent germplasm with high combining ability. The method has high breeding efficiency and short breeding period, and can accelerate the breeding process of excellent germplasm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding high-combining-ability excellent germplasm of corn.
Background
Corn is the first large-grain crop in the world and has important application value and position in the aspects of food, feed and biological energy, and the breeding of excellent commercial corn hybrid is crucial to improving the yield.
The conventional common selfing line breeding methods include recurrent selection, pedigree selection, backcross breeding and the like, and the methods usually have the following problems: 1. the breeding period is long: the self-bred line combining ability performance is estimated according to the hybrid progeny performance, and the selected line material is required to be subjected to multi-generation self-breeding to form a pure line which can be used for combining hybrid seeds, so that a longer breeding period is often required; 2. the cost is high in the later stage of breeding: in the process of breeding the inbred lines, the combining ability of a large number of inbred lines needs to be measured at the later stage, the measuring and matching cost is greatly improved along with the increase of the number of test seeds and identification places, and the time and the labor are consumed; 3. traditional population improvement typically does not incorporate molecular identification techniques and modern biometrics for population structure analysis and control of breeding populations, and often does not systematically screen population-specific molecular markers.
Furthermore, the whole Genome Selection (GS) strategy is an emerging approach to efficient prediction of complex quantitative traits using molecular markers that cover the entire genome. With the development of a high-throughput low-cost genotype identification technology, the GS technology can obviously reduce the phenotype identification cost at the later stage of breeding, thereby having wide application prospect. However, in the existing breeding process, the whole genome selection strategy is not applied to the prediction of the self-bred line combining ability performance, and the historical breeding data cannot be efficiently utilized.
CN109536629A mentions a method for rapidly improving breeding populations by using a whole genome selection model and combining ability detection, but the method only carries out 1 mixed pollination after selecting preferred strains for training populations to obtain new populations, and the new populations are not subjected to phenotype selection or high-density planting screening and are directly used for inducing doubling to generate DH lines. Furthermore, the DH line selected by GS requires the selection of superior individuals for the mating of hybrids after the determination of the combining ability. Therefore, there are some defects in improving breeding efficiency and controlling breeding cost.
In view of this, there is a need to improve breeding efficiency by applying various modern breeding techniques.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of long period, high cost in the later stage of breeding, low efficiency, low genetic gain and the like in the breeding technology in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly and efficiently breeding high-combining-ability excellent germplasm of corn.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding high-combining ability and excellent germplasm of corn comprises the following steps:
A) collecting excellent inbred lines to construct an initial population, and carrying out genotype identification and heterosis population division; selecting four inbred lines irrelevant to the material of an initial population to combine two hybrids, using the hybrids as test seeds, evaluating the combining ability of the initial population, and establishing a whole genome selection model by combining genotype data, combining the combining ability identification result and the heterosis population specific combining ability related sites;
B) in the heterosis group, selecting an inbred line with excellent performance according to the combining ability evaluation result, obtaining a single plant with excellent performance by an inbred line breeding method, and selecting seeds to carry out the step C);
C) high-density planting the seeds obtained in the step B), selecting individual plants with excellent performance, and further obtaining a homozygous inbred line;
D) and (3) carrying out genotype identification on the obtained homozygous inbred line, predicting the combining ability of the homozygous inbred line according to the whole genome selection model, and reserving the homozygous inbred line with high combining ability estimation value to obtain the excellent germplasm with high combining ability.
The invention discovers that the method can greatly improve the breeding efficiency, shorten the breeding period and improve the genetic gain.
The excellent inbred line in the step A) can be a parent material of a single hybrid with the popularization area of more than ten million acres, a decrypted inbred line, an inbred line selected by a breeder and the like.
Preferably, in step a), the genotyping is performed using a high-density SNP chip; the number of SNP markers of the high-density SNP chip is preferably 10,000 or more.
In step A) of the present invention, the mating force may be a general mating force (GCA) and/or a specific mating force. As the hybrid performance is mainly determined by GCA effect, and the GCA effect value is an important index for evaluating the excellent characteristics of the inbred line. Therefore, in the present invention, it is more preferable that the compounding force is a general compounding force.
Preferably, after the whole genome selection model is built, cross-validation is performed to check the reliability and accuracy of the model.
Preferably, the initial population is divided into two heterotic populations, the SS and NSS subpopulations respectively.
In step B) of the present invention, the inbred line breeding method may be one of recurrent selection, pedigree selection or backcross breeding. The self-bred line breeding method is preferably recurrent selection, and the self-bred line breeding method is combined with various molecular marker auxiliary means in the environment of the invention, so that favorable alleles can be efficiently and quickly polymerized, and the breeding material with excellent combining ability can be definitely screened out.
Preferably, in step B), when the inbred line breeding method is recurrent selection, the inbred line with excellent performance is subjected to mixed pollination, the individual plant with excellent performance is selected for the next round of mixed pollination, after repeated (at least twice), the individual plant with excellent performance is obtained, and the seed is selected for step C).
Preferably, when the inbred line breeding method is recurrent selection, new excellent germplasm resources are added in any round, the genotype and the combining ability results of the initial population and the new germplasm are integrated, and a whole genome selection model is reestablished so as to expand the genetic basis of a breeding population.
Preferably, in step B), the individuals with excellent performance refer to individuals with early flowering stage, good resistance and high yield.
Preferably, in step C), the homozygous inbred line (in this case also referred to as DH line) is obtained by a doubled haploid technique.
The Double Haploid (DH) technology is a typical representative of the development of modern breeding technology, so that the pure line can be generated without the traditional selfing pollination method, and the homozygous selfing line can be obtained through 2 generations. Compared with the traditional 6-8 generations of self-bred breeding, the method has the technical advantage of obviously accelerating the breeding process. At present, DH technology becomes an important technical means for breeding companies to create inbred lines. The integration of DH technology and GS strategy can effectively solve the problems of rapid creation of inbred line and large-scale phenotype identification and screening, further accelerate breeding process and greatly improve genetic gain.
Preferably, in step C), the individuals with excellent performance refer to excellent individuals with density tolerance, good resistance and coordinated flowering phase.
In some embodiments, the number of homozygous inbred lines obtained in step C) is above 1000.
In addition, in the present invention, "superior individual plant" generally refers to the top 5-10% of individual plants, and "homozygous inbred line with high mating ability estimation" generally refers to the homozygous inbred line with the top 10-15% of GCA estimation ranking, which can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the needs.
The above-described preferred embodiments can be combined by one skilled in the art to provide preferred embodiments of the present invention.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method of the invention directly carries out molecular identification and combining ability analysis aiming at the single heterosis group and establishes a whole genome selection model, which can further break unfavorable linkage, polymerize favorable allele and improve the favorable allele frequency of the group, thereby leading the direction of the heterosis group to be controllable and improving the yield of the excellent DH line. And the DH line does not need to be measured and matched in the later breeding stage, so that the breeding cost and the workload can be effectively reduced, and the breeding efficiency is improved.
Especially when a DH line is evaluated and screened aiming at GCA effect according to a whole genome selection strategy, compared with the traditional breeding process, the breeding period can be at least shortened, and the later-stage testing cost is reduced by more than half. In addition, the favorable allele related to GCA can be rapidly and efficiently polymerized by combining a recurrent selection method, and the breeding process of excellent germplasm is accelerated. Meanwhile, in the method, multiple selfing line breeding can be carried out, and new germplasm resources can be added in the breeding period so as to widen the genetic basis of an initial population, increase the polymerization degree and effect of excellent genes, and can be used as a breeding project to carry out population improvement and selfing line breeding for a long time.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The embodiment takes corn as an example, and provides a method for quickly and efficiently breeding high-combining-ability excellent germplasm of corn, which comprises the following steps:
1. collecting excellent maize inbred line materials including large-area promoted variety parents, American decrypted inbred lines and inbred lines bred by breeders, and dividing heterosis groups according to line spectrums and molecular markers. The collected germplasm was divided into two hetero-optimal groups, SS group: ye 478, Fe 7922, Ye 107, Zheng 58, Liao 5114, etc., NSS group: mo17, Jing 92, WK798-1, Chang 7-2, Ji 444 and the like. Taking SS subgroup as an example, 2 hybrids matched with the selfing line irrelevant to the initial population are selected as the test seeds for testing and matching, thereby ensuring that the testing and matching result is more accurate and reliable. The 20K SNP chip is used for genotype identification of inbred line materials;
2. establishing a whole genome selection model by combining molecular marker data and a combining ability estimation result, and performing cross validation, wherein the prediction accuracy reaches 58%;
3. and performing mixed pollination aiming at the SS subgroup of the initial population, and performing recurrent selection work. In each round, the individual plants were investigated for growth period, plant height, ear position, resistance performance and yield. Selecting single plants 10% of the top of the comprehensive character ranking, mixing and pollinating, and then entering the next round, and performing 2 rounds in this way;
4. after the 2 nd round of mixed pollination, selecting 400 plants in the first 5 percent of the single plants with early flowering phase, good resistance and high yield, selecting part of seeds of the selected materials for high-density planting (10,000-12,000 plants/mu), and selecting 2-3 single plants with early flowering phase and good resistance in each ear row for self-pollination to obtain 1000 self-bred ears;
5. the seeds after self-crossing and harvesting are planted in high density (10,000-12,000 plants/mu), 1-2 single plants with early flowering stage and good resistance in the ear rows are selected for haploid induction, and then a large number of DH lines (more than 2000 in total) are generated according to the methods of chemical doubling and tissue culture;
6. the DH lines were genotyped using a 20K SNP chip, GCA estimates for the DH lines were predicted based on an established genome-wide selection model for general binding affinity (GCA), and the DH lines ranked 10% of the GCA estimates were selected by comparison.
As a result, 200 DH lines with high GCA estimated values were obtained from the SS subgroup, and at this time, 10 representative lines were selected from the NSS subgroup and combined with DH lines derived from the SS subgroup to select good hybrids, and finally, 46 DH lines showing good expression were confirmed.
From the results, compared with the traditional recurrent selection breeding process (population improvement, inbred line breeding, testing and matching, matched hybrid combination and field test), the breeding period can be shortened to 5.5 years from 9 years, so that the testing and matching cost at the later stage of breeding can be effectively reduced.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for rapidly and efficiently breeding high-combining-ability excellent germplasm of corn, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that: and (4) selecting the excellent single plants in the step (3) to enter a subsequent recurrent selection program, and performing 6 rounds of selection in total to further accumulate favorable alleles.
And the result is subjected to 6 rounds of selection of the preferred plants for mixed pollination, so that the favorable allele frequency of the population can be improved, the dominant genes are aggregated, and the probability of breeding the excellent maize inbred line is increased. Therefore, the improved population is better than the initial population in target character performance, and the 58 DH lines which are bred all show high combining ability, prematurity and tightness and have excellent agronomic characters.
From the results, compared with the traditional repeated 1-2 rounds of selection, the multiple rounds of selection (5-6 rounds or more) are more helpful for breaking the linkage drag between unfavorable alleles and favorable alleles, and the breeding efficiency of the excellent inbred line is improved, so that the technical advantages of whole genome selection are exerted, and the prediction and selection are carried out aiming at the molecular markers.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for rapidly and efficiently breeding high-combining-ability excellent germplasm of corn, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that: after 2 rounds of mixed pollination, adding new germplasm of a heterosis group the same as that of the initial group to expand the genetic basis of the breeding group, and reestablishing a whole genome selection model for subsequent prediction of the DH line GCA effect; and then steps 2-6 are performed.
The new germplasm added in the embodiment is European early maturing sclerote and American Iodent, and in actual operation, parents of other market main-promoted varieties can also be used as the new germplasm to be added into the method.
As a result, the scale of an initial population (namely a training population) is increased, historical data is accumulated, the whole genome selection accuracy is improved, and the prediction accuracy is improved. In addition, the accuracy of cross validation prediction is improved to more than 65%.
From the results, it is understood that, compared with example 1, the fitness of the statistical model and the accuracy of prediction of the breeding population can be effectively improved, so that the efficiency of selection of the DH line having high combining ability can be improved, and genetic improvement can be performed on the breeding material for a long period of time.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding high-combining ability and excellent germplasm of corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A) collecting excellent inbred lines to construct an initial population, and carrying out genotype identification and heterosis population division; selecting four inbred lines irrelevant to the material of an initial population to combine two hybrids, using the hybrids as test seeds, evaluating the combining ability of the initial population, and establishing a whole genome selection model by combining genotype data, combining the combining ability identification result and the heterosis population specific combining ability related sites;
B) in the heterosis group, selecting an inbred line with excellent performance according to the combining ability evaluation result, obtaining a single plant with excellent performance by an inbred line breeding method, and selecting seeds to carry out the step C);
C) high-density planting the seeds obtained in the step B), selecting individual plants with excellent performance, and further obtaining a homozygous inbred line;
D) and (3) carrying out genotype identification on the obtained homozygous inbred line, predicting the combining ability of the homozygous inbred line according to the whole genome selection model, and reserving the homozygous inbred line with high combining ability estimation value to obtain the excellent germplasm with high combining ability.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step a), the genotyping is performed using a high-density SNP chip; the number of SNP markers of the high-density SNP chip is preferably 10,000 or more.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step a), the mating force is a general mating force.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step A) the initial population is divided into two heterosis populations, respectively an SS population and an NSS population.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step B), the inbred line breeding method is recurrent selection.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step B), when the inbred line breeding method is recurrent selection, the inbred line with excellent performance is subjected to mixed pollination, the individual plant with excellent performance is selected for the next round of mixed pollination, after repeated times, the individual plant with excellent performance is obtained, and seeds are selected for step C).
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein when the inbred line breeding method is recurrent selection, new excellent germplasm resources are added in any round, and the genotype and combining ability results of the initial population and the new germplasm are integrated to reestablish a whole genome selection model.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the individuals with excellent performance in step B) refer to individuals with early flowering stage, good resistance and high yield.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step C), the homozygous inbred line is obtained by a doubled haploid technique.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the individuals with excellent performance in step C) are excellent individuals with density tolerance, good resistance and coordinated flowering period.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN111771716A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Crop genetic breeding method for efficiently utilizing heterosis |
| CN112365926A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-12 | 沈阳农业大学 | Whole genome prediction method for general combining ability and special combining ability of maize inbred line and application |
| CN113475331A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-10-08 | 张掖市易农农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for corn DH line combining ability identification |
| CN113647321A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-11-16 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Efficient and rapid detection method for corn inbred line combining ability |
| CN113951134A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-01-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Efficient corn breeding method based on single plant evaluation and whole genome selection technology |
| CN114793886A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-29 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for breeding drought-tolerant male parent germplasm based on corn PB group |
| CN118000089A (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-05-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Corn germplasm population construction and line selection method and application thereof in excellent gene enrichment |
| CN118000089B (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-07-02 | 北京市农林科学院 | Corn germplasm population construction and line selection method and application thereof in excellent gene enrichment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111771716A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Crop genetic breeding method for efficiently utilizing heterosis |
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| CN112365926A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-12 | 沈阳农业大学 | Whole genome prediction method for general combining ability and special combining ability of maize inbred line and application |
| CN112365926B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2024-02-13 | 沈阳农业大学 | Whole genome prediction method for general and special mating forces of maize inbred line and application thereof |
| CN113951134A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-01-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Efficient corn breeding method based on single plant evaluation and whole genome selection technology |
| CN113647321A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-11-16 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Efficient and rapid detection method for corn inbred line combining ability |
| CN113647321B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-05-27 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Efficient and rapid detection method for corn inbred line combining ability |
| CN113475331A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-10-08 | 张掖市易农农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for corn DH line combining ability identification |
| CN114793886A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-29 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for breeding drought-tolerant male parent germplasm based on corn PB group |
| CN118000089A (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-05-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Corn germplasm population construction and line selection method and application thereof in excellent gene enrichment |
| CN118000089B (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-07-02 | 北京市农林科学院 | Corn germplasm population construction and line selection method and application thereof in excellent gene enrichment |
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