CN101204137A - Selecting method for wide adaptable, high-yielded and adverse-resistant soybean varieties - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to a field of agricultural production technology. The invention relates to a method for breeding an anti-adversity soybean variety with wide adaptability and high yield. Based on the traditional breeding method, the invention gives prominence to identification and utilization of the soybean exceptional resource, adopts a way of convergent cross to realize recombination and accumulation of a plurality of exceptional properties; at the same time, the invention adopts pedigree method, single seed descent method and recurrent selection to carry out directional selection of adaptability, high yield, disease resistance and anti-adversity of filial generation or cross population, which can effectively carry out breeding and improvement of the anti-adversity soybean variety with wide adaptability and high yield and has extremely important significance to continuous and healthy production of the soybean of northeast China.

Description

The selection of a kind of eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean varieties

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies.It is the selection of a kind of eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean new varieties.

Technical background

Soybean is one of important crops of China, and the develop actively soybean produces has very important effect to national economy and social development.Yet, but exist problems such as per unit area yield yields poorly, narrow, the disease-resistant resistance difference of kind adaptation zone on the soybean in China at present, cause the recommended variety life-span very short, be unfavorable for very much the sustainable and healthy development that soybean produces.Therefore, cultivating eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean new varieties, is important research project in the current breeding.

In order to address the above problem, the researcher has adopted the physico chemistry induced-mutation technique to create the soybean new germ plasm on breeding technique, the distant hybridization technology is widened the hereditary basis of soybean, and the annidation evaluation of new lines etc., though created good breeding material of indivedual proterties or strain, but seldom pay attention to excavation, evaluation and the utilization of existing soybean resource, improved variety can not take into account a plurality of excellent proterties such as adaptability is strong, yielding ability is good, disease-resistant good stress resistance.

At above problem, we are widening on the basis of soybean resource, actively carry out the evaluation and the evaluation of proterties such as soybean resource light sensitivity, resistance, yielding ability, select the parent material that comprehensive proterties is good and have complementary advantages, way by sexual hybridization and recurrent selection promotes the polymerization of a plurality of excellent character genes and adds up, formed the procedure of breeding that helps cultivating eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean new varieties.

Key of the present invention at first is the evaluation of the insensitive and yielding ability soybean material of light (temperature), then by the sexual hybridization or a plurality of excellent proterties of mode polymerization of backcrossing, adopt pedigree method, single-seed descent and recurrent selection to the orientation selection that filial generation or colony carry out adaptability, yielding ability, disease resistance, resistance etc. at last, optimize eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean new lines.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is from above technical background, the problem that exists during characteristics of producing at soybean and soybean produce, the autotelic research of carrying out aspects such as soybean Wide-adaptive, yielding ability, disease resistance, resistance parental line selection, cross method, filial generation selection technology, realized the polymerization of soybean eurytopicity, yielding ability, a plurality of excellent proterties such as disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant and added up, eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean new variety selective breeding technology have been proposed, bred a plurality of soybean new lines, and No. 1, a new soybean varieties-Dong Sheng has been named in authorization.The main procedure of breeding is as follows:

A. parental apolegamy

Based on existing soybean resource, carry out the evaluation of light (temperature) susceptibility in flowering stage and productive phase, filter out the insensitive material of special light (temperature), as the eurytopic donor parents of soybean; Determine the good high yield material of comprehensive proterties by the output comparative test, as the donor parents of soybean yields raising; According to the evaluation of soybean drought resisting, anti-adverse-resistant characteristic such as low-phosphorous, determine the degeneration-resistant strong donor parents of soybean; In view of the disease resistance performance of field and the different soybean materials of indoor inoculation, choose the donor parents that Main Soybean Disease is had obvious resistance; Give birth in east then is for No. 1 that to close in rich 25 with the eurytopicity soybean be that the high yield strain of selecting is maternal, and north 87-19 is a male parent with disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant strain, forms through seed selection;

B. the hybridization of excellent proterties, polymerization

By single cross, reestablish diplomatic relations, three technological means of handing over and backcross etc., create hybridization colony, promote interchange, polymerization and the accumulation of excellent character gene, for eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean new lines provide the screening basis;

C. the seed selection of filial generation colony

In colony, adopt pedigree method, single-seed descent and recurrent selection filial generation or colony to be carried out the orientation selection of adaptability, yielding ability, disease resistance, resistance etc.Early generation mainly carries out the selection of aspects such as yielding ability, disease resistance, plant type, straw stiffness; From generation to generation then select at the performance of proterties such as adaptability, resistance late period; Select the good soybean new lines of comprehensive proterties at last.

D. authorize kind east and give birth to No. 1 introduction

(1) varietal characteristic, characteristic: inferior limited knot folder habit, upper and lower pod is even, and blade comes into leaves, the top point, distributing stragglyly has 1-2 horizontal branch in order during thin planting, and it is plentiful to push up pod; It is strong that seedling is encircleed native ability, well developed root system, strength of stem is medium, and is pale reddish brown about plant height 70cm, gray wool, come into leaves, pod is yellow when ripe; Three, four pods are many, and pod is close, and the seed circle is planted the Beijing opera look, and glossy, navel is colourless, about 100-grain weight 20 grams; Protein content 41.30%, fat content 19.97% (two annuals), in anti-graywall; Resistant to lodging, drought-enduring, waterlogging, adaptability is strong; Belong to medium variety, number of growing days is about 114 days, and needing 〉=10 ℃ of active accumulated temperatures is about 2360 ℃; Be suitable for planting on the soil of the warm cool subhumid in Heilongjiang Province song-Nen plain middle part;

(2) effect of increasing production :-calendar year 2001 in 2000 regional test average hectare output (2016.1) kilogram, than check variety (rich No. 9 of north) volume increase (11.4%); Production test average hectare output (2613.0) kilogram in 2002 is than check variety (rich No. 9 of north) volume increase (13.9%).

Embodiment

The present invention has obtained application in " seed selection and the demonstration of high yield and high quality soybean new lines " problem of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sc.Effectively adopt the present invention to carry out eurytopicity high yield, the research of adverse-resistant soybean breeding of new variety in the problem implementation process, breed and stablize more than 30 part of strain, provide surplus the strain 20 of participating in the experiment time, a new soybean varieties is named in authorization.Simultaneously, we also in the Heilongjiang Province third and fourth accumulated temperature band improved variety and part strain are demonstrated and promote, the result shows that these strains or kind not only have tangible effect of increasing production and stronger adaptability, also show disease resistance and resistance preferably, be subjected to local peasant's welcome deeply, and brought remarkable economic efficiency to them.List the demonstration of part strain below and promoted situation:

Situation is promoted in the demonstration of part soybean line or kind

According to demonstration popularization situation as can be seen, the soybean line of breeding has high relatively yield potentiality, also has remarkable advantages at aspects such as resistance, adaptability, disease resistances, and the Heilungkiang soybean is produced the very positive effect of having played.As seen, this method is not only feasible, but also has more realistic meanings in soybean ecological breeding and improvement.

Claims (1)

1. the selection of an eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean varieties is characterized in that adopting following method and program:

A. parental apolegamy

Based on existing soybean resource, carry out the evaluation of light (temperature) susceptibility in flowering stage and productive phase, filter out the insensitive material of special light (temperature), as the eurytopic donor parents of soybean; Determine the good high yield material of comprehensive proterties by the output comparative test, as the donor parents of soybean yields raising; According to the evaluation of soybean drought resisting, anti-adverse-resistant characteristic such as low-phosphorous, determine the degeneration-resistant strong donor parents of soybean; In view of the disease resistance performance of field and the different soybean materials of indoor inoculation, choose the donor parents that Main Soybean Disease is had obvious resistance; Give birth in east then is for No. 1 that to close in rich 25 with the eurytopicity soybean be that the high yield strain of selecting is maternal, and north 87-19 is a male parent with disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant strain, forms through seed selection.

B. the hybridization of excellent proterties, polymerization

By single cross, reestablish diplomatic relations, three technological means of handing over and backcross etc., create hybridization colony, promote interchange, polymerization and the accumulation of excellent character gene, for eurytopicity high yield, adverse-resistant soybean new lines provide the screening basis;

C. the seed selection of filial generation colony

In colony, adopt pedigree method, single-seed descent and recurrent selection filial generation or colony to be carried out the orientation selection of adaptability, yielding ability, disease resistance, resistance etc.Early generation mainly carries out the selection of aspects such as yielding ability, disease resistance, plant type, straw stiffness; From generation to generation then select at the performance of proterties such as adaptability, resistance late period; Select the good soybean new lines of comprehensive proterties at last.