CN110679373A - Planting and maintaining method for nursery stock in muck area - Google Patents
Planting and maintaining method for nursery stock in muck area Download PDFInfo
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- CN110679373A CN110679373A CN201910985273.9A CN201910985273A CN110679373A CN 110679373 A CN110679373 A CN 110679373A CN 201910985273 A CN201910985273 A CN 201910985273A CN 110679373 A CN110679373 A CN 110679373A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting and maintaining seedlings in a muck area, which comprises the following steps: excavating a planting hole, transplanting the nursery stock into the planting hole for planting and carrying out later nursery stock maintenance management; wherein, when the planting holes are dug, plastic films are laid in the planting holes to form a waterproof flowerpot structure; in the later nursery stock maintenance management, after the planted nursery stock grows for a period of time, a hole is punched from the surface of the planting hole to drill through the film laid at the bottom of the planting hole. According to the invention, through the plastic film flowerpot design of the planting hole and the perforation communication of later-stage maintenance management, the early-stage water leakage blocking and the later-stage bottom ventilation and water accumulation after the plant survives are realized, and the secondary rooting growth of the nursery stock is effectively promoted. In addition, through the wavy fluctuation structure at the bottom of the planting hole, uneven accumulation of water after the plastic cloth is laid is realized, so that after the hole is punched, a partial area at the bottom of the planting hole can still play a certain water storage function, and the water retention capacity and the survival rate of the nursery stock are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling planting method, in particular to a planting method for improving the survival rate of seedlings in a residual soil area, and belongs to the field of planting of seedlings in the residual soil area.
Background
The city and periphery often have dregs backfill regions such as some rubbles, building wastes, because of dregs porosity is big, afforestation work in this type of region is influenced by moisture seepage, brings the nursery stock slow seedling reviving, the low scheduling problem of survival rate, and large-scale excavation clearance then can further increase project construction cost. Therefore, the development of a seedling planting technology for the muck area has important significance for reducing the seedling loss and saving the engineering cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for planting and maintaining seedlings in a muck area;
the above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method for planting and maintaining seedlings in a muck area comprises the following steps: excavating a planting hole, transplanting the nursery stock into the planting hole for planting and carrying out later nursery stock maintenance management; wherein, when the planting holes are dug, plastic films are laid in the planting holes to form a waterproof flowerpot structure; and when the planted nursery stock grows to 4-7 months, drilling a hole on the surface of the planting hole to penetrate through the plastic film laid at the bottom of the planting hole.
Aiming at the problems of water leakage and the like in the muck area, the invention adopts a mode of communicating by punching in the design of a water-tight flowerpot formed by a plastic film of a planting hole in the previous stage and the management of seedling maintenance in the later stage, realizes the balance of water leakage blocking in the previous stage and air permeability and water accumulation at the bottom of a plant in the later stage after survival, effectively promotes the secondary rooting growth of the nursery stock, and finally effectively promotes the survival rate of greening nursery stocks in the muck area.
The method for forming the watertight flowerpot structure by paving the plastic film in the planting hole preferably comprises the steps of paving the plastic film at the bottom of the planting hole, paving the plastic film at the side part of the planting hole, wherein the height of the paved plastic film is 1/5-3/4 of the whole side height; preferably, the height of the plastic film laid on the side surface of the planting hole is 2/3 of the whole height of the side surface (namely the plastic film is not laid at the depth from the surface layer 1/3 of the planting hole), so that the effects of controlling bottom moisture leakage, preventing excessive water accumulation in rainy seasons and ensuring sufficient ventilation and spreading growth of the root system at the height of the surface layer 1/3 can be achieved most effectively; wherein, the plastic film is completely impermeable to water, and is preferably a plastic film with natural degradation property.
According to the invention, tests show that when the planted nursery stock grows to 6 months, the effect of punching a hole on the surface of the planting hole and drilling through the plastic film laid at the bottom of the planting hole is the best; wherein, the punching position is most preferably at the middle position between the seedling trunk and the edge of the planting hole; the number of the holes punched is preferably 2-8, and the positions of the punched holes are uniformly distributed around the seedling trunk; the diameter of the holes may be 1-3 cm; the depth of the hole is 5-10cm deeper than that of the planting hole so as to ensure that the plastic film embedded at the bottom is punched through and provide conditions for further rooting and growing of the survival nursery stock; as a reference embodiment, the holes may be punched with a drill steel having a diameter of 1-3 cm.
Further tests show that when the planting hole is dug, the bottom of the planting hole is dug into a wavy fluctuation structure, after the plastic film is laid, the accumulation of moisture by the wavy fluctuation structure is uneven, so that after holes are punched from the ground surface to penetrate through the plastic film at the bottom in the later period, partial area of the wavy fluctuation structure at the bottom of the planting hole still has the water storage function, the air permeability of the bottom can be ensured, the water storage and water retention of the bottom can be considered, and the survival rate of seedlings can be effectively improved; wherein the height difference between the wave crest and the wave trough in the wavy undulating structure can be 2-5 cm; the wavy undulating structure may be formed by uneven excavation of the bottom of the tree pit and uneven backfill after the excavation.
When the planting holes are excavated, if the roots of the transplanted seedlings are provided with soil balls, the circumferential diameter of the planting holes is 70-90cm larger than the soil balls of the planted seedlings, and the depth of the planting holes is 30-40cm larger than the height of the soil balls; if the transplanted nursery stock is a bare-rooted nursery stock (the root of the nursery stock is not provided with a soil ball), the circumferential diameter of the planting hole is 12-15 times of the diameter of the nursery stock, and the depth of the planting hole is 8-10 times of the height of the root of the nursery stock.
When the nursery stock is transplanted into the planting hole for field planting, preferably, a layer of backfill is paved on the plastic film at the bottom of the planting hole, then the nursery stock is transplanted and backfilled layer by layer, and finally the step is performed; more preferably, the method comprises the steps of firstly paving 10-30cm of backfill on a plastic film at the bottom, then planting the nursery stock into a tree hole, and then backfilling and treading the backfill layer by layer; wherein the backfill soil is externally transported alien soil, or the alien soil and the muck in the planting area are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-4) to obtain mixed soil, and preferably, the alien soil and the muck in the planting area are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain the mixed soil.
In order to prevent the evaporation of irrigation water, the plant holes are covered with straws or thin films after field planting, so that the evaporation of the irrigation water can be prevented to a certain degree.
Wherein the maintenance measures mainly comprise various conventional maintenance means of nursery stocks such as watering, fertilizing, pruning, weeding, pest control and the like; the maintenance management time is half a year or more.
The method of the invention mainly has the following advantages:
1. aiming at the problems of water leakage and the like in a muck area, the step-by-step operation of preventing leakage by paving a plastic film in a planting hole in the early stage and communicating holes in the later stage is adopted, so that the full supply of water after seedling planting and the communication of water, water and gas after survival are realized, and the normal growth of the seedlings is ensured;
2. the uneven accumulation of water by paving the plastic film is realized through the wavy fluctuation structure at the bottom of the planting hole, so that a certain water storage function can be still exerted in a sub-area after the hole is punched, and the water retention capacity and the survival rate of the nursery stock are further improved;
3. the method provided by the invention is simple to operate, easy to obtain materials, strong in pertinence and good in popularization and application value.
According to the invention, through the plastic film flowerpot design of the planting hole and the perforation communication of the later-stage maintenance management, the early-stage water leakage blocking and the later-stage air permeability and water accumulation of the bottom of the plant after survival are realized, the secondary rooting growth of the nursery stock is effectively promoted, and the survival rate of the greening nursery stock in the muck area is finally and obviously improved. In addition, the uneven accumulation of water after the plastic film is laid is realized through the wavy fluctuation structure at the bottom of the planting hole, so that a part of the area at the bottom of the planting hole can still play a certain water storage function after the hole is punched, and the water retention capacity and the survival rate of the nursery stock are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a planting hole; 1-nursery stock trunk; 2-plastic film covered on the surface of the planting hole; 3-muck; 4-plastic film laid in the planting hole; 5-a hole is directly communicated with the bottom of the planting hole from the ground surface of the planting hole; 6-a wavy fluctuation structure at the bottom of the planting hole; 7-backfilling; 8-the root of the seedling; 9-edge of planting hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, the advantages and features of which will become apparent from the description. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be within the scope of the invention.
In the landscaping construction of a certain park, a greening field is formed by backfilling construction wastes, the porosity is large, the water retention is poor, and the greening field is a typical muck area.
6 green land sections with completely the same soil conditions (including soil quality, fertilizer and water content) and site conditions (including illumination, topography and the like) are selected from the green land, and the 6 green land sections are excavated and planted in planting holes according to the modes of the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2 respectively (the transplanted seedlings of the Chinese scholartree have no difference in size, growth state and the like) and are subjected to conventional maintenance management.
Example 1
(1) 80 planting holes with the diameter of 150cm and the depth of 90cm are dug in the muck area; the bottom of the planting hole is formed into a wavy fluctuation structure through uneven backfill after being dug, wherein the height difference between the wave crest and the wave trough is 2-5 cm;
(2) laying a plastic film with degradation property in the planting hole, fully laying the plastic film at the bottom of the planting hole, laying the plastic film on the side surface of the planting hole at 2/3 the height of the planting hole, and forming a water-tight flowerpot structure;
(3) mixing foreign soil transported from the outside and muck in a planting area according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5 to form backfill soil; firstly, paving backfill soil with the thickness of 20cm on plastic at the bottom of a planting hole, then planting the nursery stock into a tree hole, backfilling the backfill soil in layers and treading the backfill soil tightly; covering a film on the surface of the planted pit cofferdam to prevent irrigation water from evaporating; conventional maintenance management such as watering, weeding, pruning and the like is carried out in time;
(4) when the seedlings are planted for 6 months, uniformly and symmetrically punching 4 holes with the depth of 95cm at the middle position between the seedling trunk and the edge of a planting hole by using a drill steel with the diameter of 2 cm;
(5) and continuously carrying out maintenance management such as watering, fertilizing, pruning, weeding, pest control and the like for 6 months.
Through the mode, the situation of 80 planted seedlings in the whole process is kept good, and the survival rate of the assembly reaches 100%.
Example 2
(1) 80 planting holes with the diameter of 150cm and the depth of 90cm are dug in the muck area; the bottom of the planting hole is in a flat state;
(2) laying a plastic film with degradation property in the planting hole, fully laying the plastic film at the bottom of the planting hole, laying the plastic film on the side surface of the planting hole at 2/3 the height of the planting hole, and forming a water-tight flowerpot structure;
(3) mixing foreign soil transported from the outside and muck in a planting area according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5 to form backfill soil; firstly, paving backfill soil with the thickness of 20cm on plastic at the bottom of a planting hole, then planting the nursery stock into a tree hole, backfilling the backfill soil in layers and treading the backfill soil tightly; covering a film on the surface of the planted pit cofferdam to prevent irrigation water from evaporating; conventional maintenance management such as watering, weeding, pruning and the like is carried out in time;
(4) when the seedlings are planted for 6 months, uniformly and symmetrically punching 4 holes with the depth of 95cm at the middle position between the seedling trunk and the edge of a planting hole by using a drill steel with the diameter of 2 cm;
(5) and continuously carrying out maintenance management such as watering, fertilizing, pruning, weeding, pest control and the like for 6 months.
Through the mode, the early-stage condition of 80 planted seedlings is kept good, the wilting state of the short-term leaves appears after the holes are punched in the later stage, the wilting state is relieved by timely watering, 12 seedlings die, and the survival rate of the assembly is 85.00%.
Example 3
(1) 80 planting holes with the diameter of 150cm and the depth of 90cm are dug in the muck area; the bottom of the planting hole is formed into a wavy fluctuation structure through uneven backfill after being dug, wherein the height difference between the wave crest and the wave trough is 2-5 cm;
(2) laying a plastic film with degradation property in the planting hole, fully laying the plastic film at the bottom of the planting hole, laying the plastic film on the side surface of the planting hole at 2/3 the height of the planting hole, and forming a water-tight flowerpot structure;
(3) mixing foreign soil transported from the outside and muck in a planting area according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5 to form backfill soil; firstly, paving backfill soil with the thickness of 20cm on plastic at the bottom of a planting hole, then planting the nursery stock into a tree hole, backfilling the backfill soil in layers and treading the backfill soil tightly; covering a film on the surface of the planted pit cofferdam to prevent irrigation water from evaporating; conventional maintenance management such as watering, weeding, pruning and the like is carried out in time;
(4) 4, uniformly and symmetrically punching 4 holes with the depth of 95cm at the positions close to the edges of the planting holes by using a drill steel with the diameter of 2cm 4 months after planting the seedlings;
(5) and continuously carrying out maintenance management such as watering, fertilizing, pruning, weeding, pest control and the like for 6 months.
Through the mode, the situation of 76 planted seedlings is kept good in the whole process, 4 seedlings die, and the total survival rate is 95%.
Example 4
(1) 80 planting holes with the diameter of 150cm and the depth of 90cm are dug in the muck area; the bottom of the planting hole is formed into a wavy fluctuation structure through uneven backfill after being dug, wherein the height difference between the wave crest and the wave trough is 2-5 cm;
(2) laying a plastic film with degradation property in the planting hole, fully laying the plastic film at the bottom of the planting hole, laying the plastic film on the side surface of the planting hole at 2/3 the height of the planting hole, and forming a water-tight flowerpot structure;
(3) mixing foreign soil transported from the outside and muck in a planting area according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5 to form backfill soil; firstly, paving backfill soil with the thickness of 20cm on plastic at the bottom of a planting hole, then planting the nursery stock into a tree hole, backfilling the backfill soil in layers and treading the backfill soil tightly; covering a film on the surface of the planted pit cofferdam to prevent irrigation water from evaporating; conventional maintenance management such as watering, weeding, pruning and the like is carried out in time;
(4) when 7 months later after the nursery stock is planted, uniformly and symmetrically punching 4 holes with the depth of 95cm at the position close to the main trunk of the nursery stock in the planting hole by using a drill steel with the diameter of 2 cm;
(5) and continuously carrying out maintenance management such as watering, fertilizing, pruning, weeding, pest control and the like for 6 months.
Through the mode, the situation of 74 seedlings planted in the whole process is kept good, 6 seedlings die, and the total survival rate is 92.5%.
Comparative example 1
(1) 80 planting holes with the diameter of 150cm and the depth of 90cm are dug in the muck area, and the planting holes are in a flat state;
(2) laying a plastic film with degradation property in the planting hole, fully laying the plastic film at the bottom of the planting hole, laying the plastic film on the side surface of the planting hole at 2/3 the height of the planting hole, and forming a water-tight flowerpot structure;
(3) mixing foreign soil transported from the outside and muck in a planting area according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5 to form backfill soil; firstly, paving backfill soil with the thickness of 20cm on plastic at the bottom of a planting hole, then planting the nursery stock into a tree hole, backfilling the backfill soil in layers and treading the backfill soil tightly; covering a film on the surface of the planted pit cofferdam to prevent irrigation water from evaporating; regular maintenance management such as watering, weeding and pruning is carried out in time for more than 6 months (except that no hole is punched, the other maintenance management measures and time are the same as those in the example 1);
through the way, compared with the example 1 after one year of maintenance, the survival rate is low, 33 plants are not survived, the total survival rate is only about 58.75 percent, and the trees grow weakly.
Comparative example 2
(1) 80 planting holes with the diameter of 150cm and the depth of 90cm are dug in the muck area, and the planting holes are in a flat state;
(2) no plastic film is laid in the planting holes, and foreign soil transported from the outside and the muck in the planting area are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5 to form backfill soil; firstly, paving backfill soil with the thickness of 20cm on the bottom of the planting hole, then planting the nursery stock into the tree hole, backfilling the backfill soil in layers and treading the backfill soil tightly; covering a film on the surface of the planted pit cofferdam to prevent irrigation water from evaporating; regular maintenance management such as watering, weeding and pruning is carried out in time for more than 6 months (except that no hole is punched, the other maintenance management measures and time are the same as those in the example 1);
through the mode, compared with the embodiment 1 after one year of maintenance, the survival rate is low, 45 plants do not survive, the assembly survival rate is only 43.75%, the trees grow weakly, the watering frequency caused by moisture leakage in the whole maintenance process is about 4-6 times that of the embodiment 1, and the labor cost is greatly increased.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting and maintaining seedlings in a muck area comprises the following steps: excavating a planting hole, transplanting the nursery stock into the planting hole for planting and carrying out later nursery stock maintenance management; it is characterized in that when the planting hole is dug, a plastic film is laid in the planting hole to form a waterproof flowerpot structure; in the later nursery stock maintenance management, when the planted nursery stock grows for 4-7 months, a hole is punched from the surface of the planting hole to drill through the plastic film laid at the bottom of the planting hole.
2. The planting and maintaining method of claim 1, wherein the watertight flowerpot structure is formed by spreading a plastic film in the planting hole by spreading the plastic film entirely on the bottom of the planting hole, and spreading the plastic film on the side of the planting hole to a height of 1/5-3/4; preferably, the plastic film is laid on the side of the planting hole to 2/3 the height of the whole side.
3. The planting and maintaining method according to claim 1, wherein in the later nursery stock maintaining management, when the planted nursery stock grows for 6 months, a plastic film laid at the bottom of the planting hole is punched and drilled from the ground surface of the planting hole.
4. A method of planting and maintaining as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the surface perforations are located at intermediate positions between the seedling trunk and the edge of the planting hole.
5. The planting and curing method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the depth of the ground surface perforation is 5 to 10cm deeper than the depth of the planting hole.
6. The planting and maintaining method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the number of the holes punched is 2-8, and the holes are uniformly distributed around the seedling trunk; the diameter of the hole is 1-3 cm.
7. The planting and maintaining method according to claim 1, wherein, when the planting holes are dug, the bottom of the planting holes are dug into a wavy undulating structure; preferably, the height difference between the wave crest and the wave trough in the wavy undulating configuration is 2-5 cm.
8. The planting and maintaining method according to claim 1, wherein when the seedlings are transplanted into the planting holes for planting, a layer of backfill is laid on the plastic film at the bottom of the planting holes, then the seedlings are transplanted and backfilled layer by layer, and finally the seedlings are tamped; preferably, firstly, paving 10-30cm of backfill on the plastic film at the bottom, then planting the nursery stock into the tree hole, and backfilling and treading the backfill layer by layer; wherein the backfill soil is externally transported alien soil, or the alien soil and the muck in the planting area are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-4) to obtain mixed soil, and more preferably, the alien soil and the muck in the planting area are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain the mixed soil.
9. The planting and maintaining method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is covered with straw or film in the plant pit cofferdam after planting.
10. The planting and curing method of claim 1 wherein the curing means includes watering, fertilizing, trimming, weeding, or pest control; the maintenance management time is 6 months or more.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111802153A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-23 | 江苏久智环境科技服务有限公司 | Landscape plant planting and maintaining method |
| CN113016475A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 西安建工园林工程有限公司 | Tree planting method in soil moisture saturation area |
| CN118020528A (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-05-14 | 成都市农林科学院 | Tree pit and tree seedling planting method suitable for mountain forestry recovery |
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| CN111802153A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-23 | 江苏久智环境科技服务有限公司 | Landscape plant planting and maintaining method |
| CN113016475A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 西安建工园林工程有限公司 | Tree planting method in soil moisture saturation area |
| CN113016475B (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2023-09-22 | 蒲恒恒 | Tree planting method in soil moisture saturation area |
| CN118020528A (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-05-14 | 成都市农林科学院 | Tree pit and tree seedling planting method suitable for mountain forestry recovery |
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|---|---|
| CN110679373B (en) | 2023-02-03 |
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