CN110668870A - Method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in vegetable production process - Google Patents
Method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in vegetable production process Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in a vegetable production process, and belongs to the technical field of straw returning. The invention comprises the following steps: s1, collecting and cutting wastes generated by pruning and/or branching vegetables and/or thinning flowers and fruits to obtain waste A; s2, uniformly mixing the waste A, an organic carbon source and water, adding yeast and lactic acid bacteria for closed reaction, and filtering to obtain a first liquid bacterial fertilizer and a first solid; s3, mixing the first liquid bacterial manure and an organic nitrogen source to form a mixture A, inoculating bacillus subtilis, fermenting, and filtering to obtain a second liquid bacterial manure and a second solid; s4, mixing the first solid and the second solid into a mixture B, inoculating the mixed bacteria I, and fermenting to obtain an organic fertilizer; s5, applying the straw, the first liquid bacterial fertilizer, the second liquid bacterial fertilizer and the organic fertilizer to soil, and irrigating and decomposing to obtain the fertilizer. The invention utilizes waste resources to cover the whole process of vegetable production, thereby improving the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable straw returning, and particularly relates to a method for recycling all straw wastes in a vegetable production process.
Background
Returning vegetable straws to the field is a soil fertility increasing measure which is generally regarded as important in the world at present, and has the functions of increasing fertilizer and increasing yield while avoiding atmospheric pollution caused by straw burning.
At present, the vegetable straw is returned to the field after being crushed by crushing equipment, then the vegetable straw is deeply applied to soil through mechanical deep ploughing or rotary ploughing, and corresponding base fertilizer is applied to the soil, so that the soil fertility can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, and the environmental pollution can be reduced. However, the decomposition speed of the buried straws is very slow, so that the planting of new crops in the later period is influenced, and the application development of returning the vegetable straws to the field is slow. In addition, the waste generated by pruning and branching fresh vegetable straws every time and/or thinning flowers and fruits every time is scattered, the accumulated amount is large, and the production cost is increased by additionally carrying out manual treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for recycling vegetable straws in order to solve the technical problems in the background art, and the method can solve the technical problems that the straw decomposition speed is low and the waste utilization efficiency is low at present.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in the vegetable production process comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and cutting waste generated by pruning and branching fresh vegetable straws every time and/or thinning flowers and fruits every time to obtain waste A;
s2, uniformly mixing 70-75 parts by mass of the waste material A obtained in the step S1, 220 parts by mass of organic carbon source and 720 parts by mass of water, then adding 0.5-1 part by mass of live yeast bacterial preparation and 0.5-1 part by mass of live lactobacillus bacterial preparation, carrying out closed reaction until the pH value is 3-4, and filtering to obtain a first liquid bacterial fertilizer and a first solid;
s3, mixing a part of the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2 and an organic nitrogen source to form a mixture A, wherein the mass ratio of the first liquid bacterial manure to the organic nitrogen source is (90-100): (10-12), inoculating a bacillus subtilis viable preparation into the mixture A, wherein the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis viable preparation is 2-5% of the mass of the mixture A, and fermenting and filtering to obtain a second liquid bacterial fertilizer and a second solid;
s4, mixing the first solid obtained in the step S2 and the second solid obtained in the step S3 to form a mixture B, then inoculating a mixed bacteria live bacteria preparation I into the mixture B, wherein the inoculation amount of the mixed bacteria live bacteria preparation I is 2-5% of the mass of the mixture B, the mixed bacteria live bacteria preparation I consists of a bacillus subtilis live bacteria preparation, an actinomycete live bacteria preparation and a bacillus megatherium live bacteria preparation, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis live bacteria preparation to the actinomycete live bacteria preparation is (4.5-5.5): (2.5-3.5): (1.5-2.5), and then fermenting to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s5, smashing the vegetable straws, then applying the smashed vegetable straws, the other part of the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2, the second liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S3 and the organic fertilizer obtained in the step S4 to soil, and irrigating and decomposing to finish the recycling treatment of all wastes in the vegetable production process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can recycle the side branch waste generated by pruning and branching fresh vegetable straws every time and/or the flower and fruit waste generated by flower thinning and fruit thinning every time, has wide raw material source, greatly reduces the use amount of base fertilizer, and greatly improves the resource utilization rate;
(2) the invention divides the preparation time into parts, can collect the waste at any time to prepare liquid bacterial manure and base fertilizer, and covers the whole process of vegetable production;
(3) the invention does not need to move the waste to the production place, thereby saving a large amount of labor cost;
(4) the invention can produce two liquid bacterial fertilizers for additional fertilization, and one organic fertilizer for base fertilizer, thereby greatly reducing the investment of vegetable production;
(5) under the condition that the ground temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the straw decomposition time of the liquid bacterial fertilizer, the base fertilizer and the straw which are put into the soil together is generally 7-10 days, compared with the conventional decomposition time of 15-20 days, the reaction effect of the prepared liquid bacterial fertilizer, the prepared base fertilizer and the straw in the soil is obvious, and the decomposition speed is improved.
In the invention, the bacillus subtilis has stronger amylase and protease activity, can decompose pectin and polysaccharide of plant tissues, and can accelerate the decomposition of organic substances, thereby providing power for manufacturing or converting available nutrients for crops. The bacillus subtilis also has the functions of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and activating potential nutrients in soil, has certain functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and dissolving potassium, reduces the investment of chemical fertilizers and reduces the cost. The bacillus subtilis can generate a plurality of antibiotics and enzymes, has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and extremely strong stress resistance, and comprehensively plays roles of preventing diseases, fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and potassium by a plurality of action modes such as competition, sterilization, growth promotion and the like. In the process of propagation and metabolism, the bacillus subtilis continuously secretes auxin such as cytokinin, indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and the like and active substances such as amino acid and the like, strongly promotes rooting, root whitening and root growth, increases the number of capillary roots by more than one time, absorbs water, has enhanced fertilizer absorbing capacity, has thick stems and strong seedlings, and is not slow to transplant.
In the present invention, Bacillus megaterium is an aerobic saprophytic bacterium. The bacillus megaterium can generate a large amount of organic acid in the growth process, can decompose or dissolve phosphorus-containing substances which are difficult to dissolve in soil, and can be converted into phosphorus elements which can be easily absorbed by plants, so that the utilization rate of the phosphorus elements is improved. The bacillus megaterium can be rapidly propagated in soil and becomes dominant bacteria to control nutrition and other nutrients of rhizosphere, so that pathogenic bacteria lose living space and conditions to a great extent.
In the invention, the yeast is an important fermentation microorganism, can live in aerobic and anaerobic environments, and belongs to facultative anaerobes. The organic matter can be decomposed in a short time by having rich enzyme systems and proteins and other microorganisms acting on organic materials such as straws and the like, particularly, the straws with high lignin content can be degraded, and the mass propagation of actinomycetes in compost can be promoted, so that the soil environment is improved, and a good environment required by the growth and development of crops is created. The saccharomycete has deodorizing effect in the straw decomposing process and has strong adaptability to high sugar environment, high carbon environment, high osmotic pressure environment, etc.
In the present invention, actinomycetes are a main antibiotic-producing bacterium, and among them, Streptomyces produces more than 2/3 of total antibiotics. Actinomycetes play a role in the nitrogen cycle.
It should be particularly noted that the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2, the second liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S3 and the organic fertilizer obtained in the step S4 can be used together, which has the advantage of increasing the decomposition rate of the straw; in addition, in order to improve economic efficiency, the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2 and the second liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S3 may be used or stored as additional fertilizers separately, that is, used as they are during ordinary production.
It is understood that the living bacterial preparation can be either a solid living bacterial preparation or a liquid living bacterial preparation.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in step S1, the length of the cut segment is 2-3 cm.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the waste of 2-3 cm is easier to react, thereby improving the fermentation speed.
Further, in step S2, the organic carbon source is at least one of sucrose, brown sugar, and molasses.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the invention utilizes the waste generated by pruning and forking the fresh vegetable straws every time and/or thinning flowers and fruits every time as the fermentation auxiliary material, can satisfy the fermentation nutrient of beneficial flora only by appropriately supplementing the organic carbon source, and has wide sources and easy acquisition of the organic carbon source, thereby effectively reducing the production cost and increasing the economic benefit.
Further, in step S2, the number of effective viable bacteria in the live yeast bacterial preparation is not less than 10 hundred million/g; the effective viable count of the viable lactobacillus preparation is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g.
Further, in step S2, the air release treatment is performed every 2 to 3 days during the sealing reaction.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: carbon dioxide can be generated in the closed reaction process, and the carbon dioxide can be discharged in time through air discharge treatment, so that the smooth reaction is ensured.
It is understood that, in the actual application, in step S2 of the present invention, the whole amount of the scrap a obtained in step S1 may be added to the container for the closed reaction at one time, or may be added to the container for the closed reaction in several portions, and the start time of the closed reaction is generally the time when the whole amount of the scrap a is added to the container for the closed reaction, and the reaction is carried out until the pH value is 3 to 4.
Further, in step S3, the organic nitrogen source is at least one of soybean meal, peanut meal, peptone, soybean peptone, cotton seed meal, and soybean cake.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the organic nitrogen source of the invention has wide sources, can effectively reduce the production cost and increase the economic benefit.
Further, in step S3, the fermentation is a natural fermentation for at least 48 hours.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the invention can ensure the dominant propagation of beneficial flora through natural fermentation, has good environmental adaptability, high production efficiency and simple and easy operation.
Further, in step S4, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture B is controlled to be 20:1-30: 1; preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture B is controlled to be 25: 1.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the nutrient requirement of beneficial flora on fermentation can be met by controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and the economic benefit is also considered.
Further, in step S5, the method further includes a step of inoculating a mixed viable bacteria preparation ii to the soil after the step of applying to the soil, wherein the inoculation amount of the mixed viable bacteria preparation ii is 2-3 kg per mu of soil, and the mixed viable bacteria preparation ii comprises a viable bacteria preparation of actinomycetes, a viable bacteria preparation of trichoderma harzianum and a viable bacteria preparation of bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of the viable bacteria preparation ii to the viable bacteria preparation of bacillus subtilis is (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2).
Further, in step S5, the irrigation amount is 60-120 kg per mu of soil.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: can directly carry near crop root soil with the liquid manure through watering, improve and irrigate the liquid manure utilization ratio, increase economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments and comparative examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The embodiment does not indicate specific conditions, and the method is carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Embodiment mode 1
The embodiment provides a method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in a vegetable production process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and cutting waste generated by pruning and branching fresh vegetable straws every time and thinning flowers and fruits every time to 3 cm per section to obtain waste A;
s2, adding 72 parts by mass of waste A, 216 parts by mass of brown sugar and 730 parts by mass of water into a plastic barrel, uniformly mixing, then adding 0.8 part by mass of yeast viable bacteria preparation with the effective viable bacteria number of 10 hundred million/g and 0.8 part by mass of lactobacillus viable bacteria preparation with the effective viable bacteria number of 10 hundred million/g into the plastic barrel to form a mixture, then placing the plastic barrel in a shade place, sealing the opening of the plastic barrel by using a rubber band to enable the mixture in the plastic barrel to carry out a closed reaction, carrying out air release treatment once every 2 days during the closed reaction, measuring the pH value of the mixture in the plastic barrel to be 4 by using a wide range of test paper after 15 days of the closed reaction, taking out the mixture, and carrying out filtration treatment to obtain a first liquid bacterial fertilizer and a first solid;
s3, mixing a part of the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2 and an organic nitrogen source to form a mixture A, wherein the mass ratio of the first liquid bacterial manure to the organic nitrogen source is 95: 11, inoculating a live bacillus subtilis preparation into the mixture A, wherein the inoculation amount of the live bacillus subtilis preparation is 5% of the mass of the mixture A, the effective viable bacteria number in the live bacillus subtilis preparation is 10 hundred million/g, naturally fermenting for at least 48 hours, and filtering to obtain a second liquid bacterial fertilizer and a second solid;
s4, mixing the first solid and the second solid to form a mixture B, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture B is controlled within the range of 25:1, then inoculating a mixed bacterium I into the mixture B, wherein the inoculation amount of the mixed bacterium viable bacteria preparation I is 5% of the mass of the mixture B, the mixed bacterium viable bacteria preparation I consists of a bacillus subtilis viable bacteria preparation, an actinomycete viable bacteria preparation and a bacillus megatherium viable bacteria preparation, and the ratio of the bacillus subtilis viable bacteria preparation to the actinomycete viable bacteria preparation to the bacillus megatherium preparation is 5:3:2, and then fermenting to obtain the organic fertilizer;
s5, when seedling pulling is carried out on the vegetable straws, 3 days of sunny days are selected according to weather forecast, the vegetable straws are crushed, then the crushed vegetable straws, the other part of the first liquid bacterial fertilizer obtained in the step S2, the second liquid bacterial fertilizer obtained in the step S3 and the organic fertilizer obtained in the step S4 are applied to soil, then 3 kg of mixed bacteria viable bacteria preparation II is inoculated to each mu of soil, the mixed bacteria viable bacteria preparation II consists of actinomycete viable bacteria preparation, trichoderma harzianum viable bacteria preparation and bacillus subtilis viable bacteria preparation, the ratio of the actinomycete viable bacteria preparation II to the trichoderma harzianum viable bacteria preparation to the bacillus subtilis viable bacteria preparation is 1:1:1, and then the treatment is completed after irrigation and rotten, wherein the irrigation amount of the irrigation is 80 kg per mu of soil.
Embodiment mode 2
The embodiment provides a method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in a vegetable production process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting waste generated by pruning and forking fresh vegetable straws every time, and cutting the waste into sections of 2 cm to obtain waste A;
s2, adding 70 parts by mass of waste A, 210 parts by mass of cane sugar and 720 parts by mass of water into a 1000L plastic barrel, uniformly mixing, then adding 0.5 part by mass of yeast viable bacteria preparation with the effective viable bacteria number of 10 hundred million/g and 0.5 part by mass of lactobacillus viable bacteria preparation with the effective viable bacteria number of 10 hundred million/g into the plastic barrel to form a mixture, then placing the plastic barrel in a shade place, sealing the opening of the plastic barrel by using a rubber band to enable the mixture in the plastic barrel to carry out a sealed reaction, carrying out a gas release treatment once every 2 days during the sealed reaction, measuring the pH value of the mixture in the plastic barrel to be 3 by using a wide range of test paper after the sealed reaction for 15 days, taking out the mixture, and carrying out a filtration treatment to obtain a first liquid bacterial fertilizer and a first solid;
s3, mixing a part of the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2 and an organic nitrogen source to form a mixture A, wherein the mass ratio of the first liquid bacterial manure to the organic nitrogen source is 90:12, then inoculating a bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation into the mixture A, the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation is 2% of the mass of the mixture A, the effective viable bacterial count in the bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation is 10 hundred million/g, then naturally fermenting for at least 48 hours, and then filtering to obtain a second liquid bacterial manure and a second solid;
s4, mixing the first solid and the second solid to form a mixture B, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture B is controlled within the range of 20:1, then inoculating a mixed bacterium live bacterial preparation I into the mixture B, wherein the inoculation amount of the mixed bacterium live bacterial preparation I is 2% of the mass of the mixture B, the mixed bacterium live bacterial preparation I consists of a bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation, an actinomycete live bacterial preparation and a bacillus megatherium live bacterial preparation, the ratio of the bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation to the actinomycete live bacterial preparation is 5.5:2.5:2.5, and then fermenting to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s5, when seedling pulling is carried out on the vegetable straws, 3 days of sunny days are selected according to weather forecast, the vegetable straws are crushed, then the crushed vegetable straws, the other part of the first liquid bacterial fertilizer obtained in the step S2, the second liquid bacterial fertilizer obtained in the step S3 and the organic fertilizer obtained in the step S4 are applied to soil, then a mixed bacteria live bacteria preparation II is inoculated according to 2 kg of soil per mu, the mixed bacteria live bacteria preparation II consists of an actinomycete live bacteria preparation, a trichoderma harzianum live bacteria preparation and a bacillus subtilis live bacteria preparation, the ratio of the actinomycete live bacteria preparation II to the trichoderma harzianum live bacteria preparation to the bacillus subtilis live bacteria preparation is 0.8:1.2:1.2, and then the mixed bacteria preparation II is irrigated and decomposed, wherein the irrigation amount of the irrigated liquid is 60.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment provides a method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in a vegetable production process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting waste generated by flower thinning and fruit thinning of fresh vegetable straws every time, and cutting the waste into sections of 3 cm to obtain waste A;
s2, adding 75 parts by mass of waste A, 220 parts by mass of honey and 745 parts by mass of water into a 1000L plastic barrel, uniformly mixing, then adding 1 part by mass of yeast viable bacteria preparation with the effective viable bacteria number of 10 hundred million/g and 1 part by mass of lactobacillus viable bacteria preparation with the effective viable bacteria number of 10 hundred million/g into the plastic barrel to form a mixture, then placing the plastic barrel in a shade place, sealing the opening of the plastic barrel by using a rubber band to enable the mixture in the plastic barrel to carry out a closed reaction, carrying out an air release treatment once every 1 day during the closed reaction, measuring the pH value of the mixture in the plastic barrel by using a wide test paper after 20 days of the closed reaction, taking out the mixture, and carrying out a filtration treatment to obtain a first liquid bacterial fertilizer and a first solid;
s3, mixing a part of the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2 and an organic nitrogen source to form a mixture A, wherein the mass ratio of the first liquid bacterial manure to the organic nitrogen source is 100:10, then inoculating a bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation into the mixture A, the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation is 4% of the mass of the mixture A, the effective viable bacterial count in the bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation is 10 hundred million/g, then naturally fermenting for at least 48 hours, and then filtering to obtain a second liquid bacterial manure and a second solid;
s4, mixing the first solid and the second solid to form a mixture B, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture B is controlled within a range of 30:1, then inoculating a mixed bacterium live bacterial preparation I into the mixture B, wherein the inoculation amount of the mixed bacterium live bacterial preparation I is 4% of the mass of the mixture B, the mixed bacterium live bacterial preparation I consists of a bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation, an actinomycete live bacterial preparation and a bacillus megatherium live bacterial preparation, the ratio of the bacillus subtilis live bacterial preparation to the actinomycete live bacterial preparation is 4.5:3.5:1.5, and then fermenting to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s5, when seedling pulling is carried out on the vegetable straws, 3 days of sunny days are selected according to weather forecast, the vegetable straws are crushed, then the crushed vegetable straws, the other part of the first liquid bacterial fertilizer obtained in the step S2, the second liquid bacterial fertilizer obtained in the step S3 and the organic fertilizer obtained in the step S4 are applied to soil, then 3 kg of mixed bacteria viable bacteria preparation II is inoculated to each mu of soil, the mixed bacteria viable bacteria preparation II consists of actinomycete viable bacteria preparation, trichoderma harzianum viable bacteria preparation and bacillus subtilis viable bacteria preparation, the ratio of the actinomycete viable bacteria preparation II to the trichoderma harzianum viable bacteria preparation to the bacillus subtilis viable bacteria preparation is 1.2:0.8:0.8, and then the mixed bacteria preparation II is irrigated and decayed, wherein the irrigation amount of the irrigated bacteria preparation is 120 kg per.
Examples of the experiments
The vegetable planting test is carried out by the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 3 and the conventional fertilization mode respectively, the test site is the ancient city street of the Shouguang city, the time is from october in the first year to june in the second year, and the test crop is tomatoes.
The conventional fertilization mode is to apply commercial organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to soil, and the using amount is 4-5 tons per mu of land; meanwhile, commercial macroelement water-soluble fertilizers are added for 21-23 times, and the using amount is 10 kilograms per mu.
The fertilizer application method of embodiments 1 to 3 is to apply the crushed vegetable stalks of embodiments 1 to 3, another part of the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in step S2, the second liquid bacterial manure obtained in step S3 and the organic fertilizer obtained in step S4 to the soil, and simultaneously apply 1 ton of additional bio-organic fertilizer; the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in step S2 of embodiments 1 to 3 and/or the second liquid bacterial manure obtained in step S3 of embodiments 1 to 3 are added 21 to 23 times at the same time, the dosages of the first liquid bacterial manure and the second liquid bacterial manure are 60 to 80 kg per mu, and the test results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 influence of different management modes on NPK, pH and total salt content of soil
As can be seen from table 1, the contents of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soils of embodiments 1 to 3 are closer to those of open-air soils, and it is more reasonable to explain the nutrients of embodiments 1 to 3. Compared with conventional fertilization treatment, the embodiments 1 to 3 can also delay soil acidification, especially the total salt content of soil, which is greatly lower than that of conventional fertilization treatment, and the occurrence of secondary salinization of soil is avoided, and the sustainability is good.
In addition, the yield effects of the above embodiments 1 to 3, and the conventional fertilization manner are as follows:
TABLE 2 Effect on yield
Note: the yield is the weight of single fruit x the number of fruits per ear x the number of ears per plant x the number of plants per mu (2200 plants/mu).
As can be seen from table 2, the yield per acre of the test plots in embodiments 1 to 3 is 7288.04 kg to 7794.82 kg, and compared with the yield of 6639.73 kg in the conventional fertilization, the yield of the invention is increased by 9.7% to 17.4%, and meanwhile, the production cost of embodiments 1 to 3 is lower and the yield is more stable.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in the vegetable production process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting and cutting waste generated by pruning and branching fresh vegetable straws every time and/or thinning flowers and fruits every time to obtain waste A;
s2, uniformly mixing 70-75 parts by mass of the waste material A obtained in the step S1, 220 parts by mass of organic carbon source and 720 parts by mass of water, then adding 0.5-1 part by mass of live yeast bacterial preparation and 0.5-1 part by mass of live lactobacillus bacterial preparation, carrying out closed reaction until the pH value is 3-4, and filtering to obtain a first liquid bacterial fertilizer and a first solid;
s3, mixing a part of the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2 and an organic nitrogen source to form a mixture A, wherein the mass ratio of the first liquid bacterial manure to the organic nitrogen source is (90-100): (10-12), inoculating a bacillus subtilis viable preparation into the mixture A, wherein the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis viable preparation is 2-5% of the mass of the mixture A, and fermenting and filtering to obtain a second liquid bacterial fertilizer and a second solid;
s4, mixing the first solid obtained in the step S2 and the second solid obtained in the step S3 to form a mixture B, then inoculating a mixed bacteria live bacteria preparation I into the mixture B, wherein the inoculation amount of the mixed bacteria live bacteria preparation I is 2-5% of the mass of the mixture B, the mixed bacteria live bacteria preparation I consists of a bacillus subtilis live bacteria preparation, an actinomycete live bacteria preparation and a bacillus megatherium live bacteria preparation, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis live bacteria preparation to the actinomycete live bacteria preparation is (4.5-5.5): (2.5-3.5): (1.5-2.5), and then fermenting to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s5, smashing the vegetable straws, then applying the smashed vegetable straws, the other part of the first liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S2, the second liquid bacterial manure obtained in the step S3 and the organic fertilizer obtained in the step S4 to soil, and irrigating and decomposing to finish the recycling treatment of all wastes in the vegetable production process.
2. The method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in a vegetable production process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the length of the cut pieces is 2-3 cm.
3. The method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in the vegetable production process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S2, the organic carbon source is at least one of sucrose, brown sugar and molasses.
4. The method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in the vegetable production process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S2, the number of effective viable bacteria in the viable bacteria preparation of yeast is 10 hundred million/g; the effective viable count of the viable lactobacillus preparation is 10 hundred million/g.
5. The method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in the vegetable production process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S2, the air release treatment is performed every 1-2 days during the sealing reaction.
6. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S3, the organic nitrogen source is at least one of soybean meal, peanut meal, peptone, soybean peptone, cotton seed meal, and soybean cake.
7. The method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in a vegetable production process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation is a natural fermentation for at least 48 hours in step S3.
8. The method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in the vegetable production process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S4, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture B is controlled to be 20:1-30: 1.
9. The method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in the vegetable production process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S5, the step of applying the straw wastes to the soil further comprises the step of inoculating a mixed bacteria viable bacteria preparation II to the soil, wherein the inoculation amount of the mixed bacteria viable bacteria preparation II is 2-3 kg per mu of soil, and the mixed bacteria viable bacteria preparation II comprises a live actinomycete preparation, a live trichoderma harzianum preparation and a live bacillus subtilis preparation, and the mass ratio of the live actinomycete preparation II to the live trichoderma harzianum preparation II to the live bacillus subtilis preparation II is (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2).
10. The method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in the vegetable production process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S5, the irrigation amount is 60-120 kg/mu soil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911056664.9A CN110668870A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Method for recycling and treating all straw wastes in vegetable production process |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111295964A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-19 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for returning solanaceous vegetable straws to field in situ |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111295964A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-19 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for returning solanaceous vegetable straws to field in situ |
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Application publication date: 20200110 |