CN110665506A - 一种四环素光催化降解材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种四环素光催化降解材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 ferric oxide tetracycline Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种四环素光催化降解材料及其制备方法,其特点是:由三氧化二铁螺旋纳米线立方周期性排列而成,该纳米线的直径为3‑7nm,具有12nm的均一大介孔。本发明提供的高比表面有序大介孔三氧化二铁四环素催化材料在四环素的降解过程中表现出优良的降解性能,可以实现在很高程度对四环素的高效降解。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种四环素光催化降解材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
从1929年青霉素被发现以来,抗生素种类以惊人的速度在持续不断的增长,到目前为止已从最初的几种到现在的上千种。特别是随着社会的不断发展,抗生素在社会的生产生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,特别是在促进生物生长、抑制寄生虫的生长,甚至在心血管疾病的治疗、抑制人体的免疫反应方面同样有着不可替代的功效,此外也有研究发现抗生素在一些器官的移植手术上也具有一定的作用。但是,大量的使用抗生素、滥用及遗弃等也会对社会的发展带来一定的影响。特别是有一些抗生素并不能完全被机体吸收,大部分随尿液和粪便排放入环境。废弃或未代谢的抗生素进入自然水体,将引起污染,对环境造成日益严峻的不良影响。特别是像一些四环素类的抗生素对环境危害更大,持久性更强。因此,给环境的治理带来新的挑战,如果对此置之不理,将会给人类的生命健康带来巨大的威胁。所以,对抗生素的去除迫在眉睫。
目前,四环素类抗生素的去除方法主要有吸附法、混凝沉淀法、生物技术处理等方法。但存在处理成本较高,处理周期长,操作复杂,而且处理效率较低等不足。光催化技术是一种绿色的、环境友好的高级氧化有机废水处理技术,在很多方面都有广泛的应用。常见的光催化剂主要为一些过渡金属氧化物、非金属氮化物或者硫化物。Zhang等人合成了一种含铁介孔二氧化硅(Fe-SBA15)作为吸附剂,来吸附水体中的四环素经过24小时最大吸附量为155.76mmol kg-1(Zhang Z,Lan H,Liu H,et al.Iron-incorporated mesoporous silicafor enhanced adsorption of tetracycline in aqueous solution[J].2015.),此外Huízar-Félix等人以RGO/Fe2O3复合物作为吸附剂,在浓度25mg/L的四环素水溶液中最大吸附量为44.23mg/g(Huízar-Félix A M,Aguilar-Flores C,Martínez-de-la Cruz A,etal.Removal of Tetracycline Pollutants byAdsorption and Magnetic SeparationUsing Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated withα-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles[J].Nanomaterials,2019,9(3):313.);Chen等人以Ag-AgVO3/g-C3N4复合物作为催化剂降解四环素,2.5小时降解效率能达到83.6%(Chen,D.,B.Li,Q.Pu,X.Chen,G.Wen,andZ.Li.Preparation of Ag-AgVO3/g-C3N4 Composite Photo-Catalyst and DegradationCharacteristics ofAntibiotics.J Hazard Mater,2019,4(21):303-12)Xie等人合成Z型MoO3/g-C3N4复合物并以此作为催化剂降解四环素,3小时内降解效率能达到88.4%(Xie Z,FengY,Wang F,et al.Construction of carbon dots modified MoO3/g-C3N4 Z-schemephotocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for thedegradation oftetracycline[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2018,229:96-104.)。但是,时间更短、降解效率更高的催化剂仍有待进一步开发。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种四环素光催化降解材料,能够在四环素的降解过程中表现出优良的降解性能,实现在很高程度对四环素的高效降解;
本发明的目的之二是以提供一种上述三氧化二铁材料的制备方法。
一种四环素光催化降解材料,其特别之处在于:由三氧化二铁螺旋纳米线立方周期性排列而成,该纳米线的直径为3-7nm,具有12nm的均一大介孔。
其中所述材料的比表面积最高为176m2.g-1。
一种四环素光催化降解材料的制备方法,其特别之处在于,包括如下步骤:
a、将9g表面活性剂P123、325ml去离子水和15ml浓度为37wt%的盐酸在35℃下混合,搅拌1-12h直到表面活性剂全部溶解并且分散均匀,然后加入9g正丁醇,搅拌2h后加入19.4g正硅酸四乙酯TEOS,水浴搅拌24h后将固体颗粒和反应溶液转移到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,接着35-140℃水热反应24h,自然冷却至室温后用去离子水洗涤至中性,70℃过夜干燥,即得到含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅;
b、将得到的含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅在空气中550℃煅烧6h,得到不含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅;
c、以2g步骤b得到的介孔氧化硅为硬模板,将其分散到50ml的离心管中,加入0.1733-1.7338g硝酸铁在70-120℃鼓风干燥箱中溶解,待硝酸盐完全融化为液体后加入模板中,震荡离心管从而使硝酸盐溶液充分进入介孔氧化硅的孔道中,在70-100℃温度范围内持续加热震荡1-2h后,在空气中于500℃煅烧2-10小时,控制煅烧升温速率为0.5-2.5℃/min;
d、向煅烧后的产物中加入浓度为2-10M的NaOH溶液50-200ml,搅拌后离心过滤从而除去介孔氧化硅模板,即得到四环素光催化降解材料有序大介孔三氧化二铁。
步骤a中水热反应温度40-100℃。
步骤c中溶解温度为70℃,升温速率为1℃/min,煅烧时间为6h。
步骤d中的氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为2M。
本发明的材料具有以下有益的技术效果:1)材料独特,介孔Fe2O3孔径为均一的12nm,比表面积为176m2.g-1在催化反应过程中,大的介孔孔径有利于分子的传输,高的比表面积能够为反应提供更多的活性位点。2)本发明所提供的有序介孔Fe2O3是由三氧化二铁螺旋纳米线立方周期性排列而成,纳米线之间具有长度为3-7nm的连接。3)纳米线的直径以12nm为主。本发明提供的高比表面有序大介孔三氧化二铁四环素催化材料在四环素的降解过程中表现出优良的降解性能,可以实现在很高程度对四环素的高效降解。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得大介孔Fe2O3的XRD图片;
图2为实施例1所得大介孔Fe2O3的孔径分布图片;
图3为实施例1所得大介孔Fe2O3的TEM图片;
图4为实施例1所得大介孔Fe2O3的四环素光催化降解性能图片。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
分别取9g表面活性剂P123、325ml水与15ml浓度为37wt%的盐酸在35℃下混合,搅拌1-12小时直到表面活性剂全部溶解并且分散均匀,然后加入9g正丁醇,搅拌2小时后,加入19.4g正硅酸乙酯TEOS,搅拌24小时后,转移到一聚四氟乙烯瓶(内衬)中,接着40℃水热反应24小时,自然冷却后经抽滤、洗涤至pH中性、室温自然干燥,即得到含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅。将所得介孔氧化硅通过在空气中550℃煅烧6小时除去表面活性剂P123后得一白色粉末,即为介孔氧化硅模板。
以2g上述煅烧处理过的介孔氧化硅为硬模板,将其分散到50ml的离心管中,加入1.3870g硝酸铁,在70℃鼓风干燥箱中溶解,待硝酸盐完全融化为液体时加入介孔氧化硅中,震荡离心管以使得硝酸盐溶液充分进入介孔氧化硅的孔道中,具体是70-100℃温度范围内持续加热震荡1-2h后,在空气中于500℃煅烧6小时,煅烧升温速率为1℃/min;向煅烧后的产物中加入浓度为2M的NaOH溶液50-200ml,搅拌后离心过滤以除去介孔氧化硅模板,即得到本发明的有序大介三氧化二铁材料。
如图1为本实施例所得有序大介孔三氧化二铁的XRD图谱,显示其具有较好结晶性;如图2为本实施例所得介孔三氧化二铁的孔径分布图片,显示其具有较大的孔径分布。如图3为本实施例所得高比表面积有序大介孔三氧化二铁的TEM图片,证实其具有有序介孔结构;如图4为本实例所得高比表面积有序大介孔三氧化二铁对四环素光催化降解性能图,对20mg L–1四环素溶液降解效率能达到100%。
实施例2:
9g表面活性剂P123,325ml水与15ml浓盐酸在35℃下混合,搅拌1-12小时直到表面活性剂全部溶解并且分散均匀,然后加入9g正丁醇,搅拌2小时后,加入19.4g正硅酸乙酯TEOS,搅拌24小时后,转移到一聚四氟乙烯瓶中,接着40℃水热反应24小时,自然冷却后经抽滤、洗涤至pH中性、室温自然干燥,即含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅。前面所得样品表面活性剂P123通过在空气中550度煅烧6小时除去后得一白色粉末。即为所得的介孔氧化硅模板。
以2g上述处理过的介孔氧化硅为硬模板,将其分散到50ml的离心管中,加入1.0403g硝酸铁,在70℃鼓风干燥箱中溶解,待硝酸盐完全融化为液体时加入介孔氧化硅中,反复震荡离心管以使得硝酸盐溶液充分进入介孔氧化硅的孔道中,具体是70-100℃温度范围内持续加热震荡1-2h后,在空气中于500℃煅烧6小时,煅烧升温速率为1℃/min;向煅烧后的产物中加入2M NaOH溶液50-200ml,搅拌后离心过滤以除去介孔氧化硅模板,即得到本发明的有序大介三氧化二铁材料。
实施例3:
9g表面活性剂P123,325ml水与15ml浓盐酸在35℃下混合,搅拌11小时从而使表面活性剂全部溶解并且分散均匀,然后加入9g正丁醇,搅拌2小时后,加入19.4g正硅酸乙酯TEOS,搅拌24小时后,转移到一聚四氟乙烯瓶中,接着40℃水热反应24小时,自然冷却后经抽滤、洗涤、室温自然干燥,即含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅。前面所得样品表面活性剂P123通过在空气中550℃煅烧6小时除去后得一白色粉末。即为所得的介孔氧化硅模板。
以2g上述处理过的介孔氧化硅为硬模板,将其分散到50ml的离心管中,加入0.6935g硝酸铁,在70℃鼓风干燥箱中溶解,待硝酸盐完全融化为液体时加入介孔氧化硅中,反复震荡离心管以使得硝酸盐溶液充分进入介孔氧化硅的孔道中,具体是70℃持续加热震荡1.5h后,在空气中于500℃煅烧6小时,煅烧升温速率为1℃/min;向煅烧后的产物中加入2M浓度的NaOH溶液180ml,搅拌后离心过滤以除去介孔氧化硅模板,即得到本发明的有序大介三氧化二铁材料。
Claims (6)
1.一种四环素光催化降解材料,其特征在于:由三氧化二铁螺旋纳米线立方周期性排列而成,该纳米线的直径为3-7nm,具有12nm的均一大介孔。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种四环素光催化降解材料,其特征在于:其中所述材料的比表面积最高为176m2.g-1。
3.一种四环素光催化降解材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
a、将9g表面活性剂P123、325ml去离子水和15ml浓度为37wt%的盐酸在35℃下混合,搅拌1-12h直到表面活性剂全部溶解并且分散均匀,然后加入9g正丁醇,搅拌2h后加入19.4g正硅酸四乙酯TEOS,水浴搅拌24h后将固体颗粒和反应溶液转移到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,接着35-140℃水热反应24h,自然冷却至室温后用去离子水洗涤至中性,70℃过夜干燥,即得到含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅;
b、将得到的含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅在空气中550℃煅烧6h,得到不含表面活性剂的介孔氧化硅;
c、以2g步骤b得到的介孔氧化硅为硬模板,将其分散到50ml的离心管中,加入0.1733-1.7338g硝酸铁在70-120℃鼓风干燥箱中溶解,待硝酸盐完全融化为液体后加入模板中,震荡离心管从而使硝酸盐溶液充分进入介孔氧化硅的孔道中,在70-100℃温度范围内持续加热震荡1-2h后,在空气中于500℃煅烧2-10小时,控制煅烧升温速率为0.5-2.5℃/min;
d、向煅烧后的产物中加入浓度为2-10M的NaOH溶液50-200ml,搅拌后离心过滤从而除去介孔氧化硅模板,即得到四环素光催化降解材料有序大介孔三氧化二铁。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种四环素光催化降解材料的制备方法,其特征是:步骤a中水热反应温度40-100℃。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种四环素光催化降解材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤c中溶解温度为70℃,升温速率为1℃/min,煅烧时间为6h。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种四环素光催化降解材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤d中的氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为2M。
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