CN110664959A - 一种治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物及其应用,所述中药组合物包括:乌梅、羌活、荜茇、诃子、威灵仙、焦山楂、砂仁、木香、茯苓、淮山药、薏苡仁、甘草和枳壳;本发明还将所述中药组合物制备成肚脐贴和纳米乳。本发明的中药组合物制备的纳米乳粒径小且均匀,透皮吸收效果好,在治疗儿科腹泻方面效果显著,而且副作用小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,具体涉及一种治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物及其应用。
背景技术
近年来,儿科腹泻患者的人数和发病率呈直线上升的趋势。在我国,小儿腹泻是儿科最常见疾病之一,是一组以大便次数增多和大便性状改变为特点的由多病原、多因素引起的消化系统综合征,儿童发病率仅次于呼吸道感染疾病。幼儿中患病年龄在6个月至3岁之间,是造成生长发育障碍、儿童营养不良和导致儿童死亡的重要因素之一。在对儿科腹泻的临床治疗过程中,主要是通过中西药进行治疗,但是长时间的临床研究发现,儿童在生长发育过程中各系统和器官的功能还未发育成熟,在用药过程中若选择药物不合理或者用药量过大,就容易出现呕吐、便秘、皮肤瘙痒等一些不良反应,严重影响幼儿的生命安全。而且幼儿年龄均较小,普遍存在服药困难问题,强行灌药会给幼儿带来痛苦甚至发生呛药现象;另外,由于中药成分比较复杂,其中的一些生物碱类、黄酮类、多酚类物质往往难溶于水,直接用水煎服影响治疗效果。
发明内容
为了解决目前儿科腹泻治疗过程中的用药困难问题,本发明针提供一种治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物及其应用,该方法不仅能够提高儿科腹泻的治疗效果,而且用药安全方便。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种治疗儿科腹泻的中药外用组合物,所述中药组合物包括以下原料:乌梅30-50g、羌活20-40g、荜茇20-40g、诃子15-25g、威灵仙18-23g、焦山楂15-25g、砂仁15-25g、木香15-25g、茯苓10-20g、淮山药10-20g、薏苡仁10-20g、甘草5-15g和枳壳5-15g。
进一步地,所述中药组合物包括以下原料:乌梅35-45g、羌活25-35g、荜茇25-35g、诃子18-23g、威灵仙18-23g、焦山楂18-23g、砂仁18-23g、木香18-23g、茯苓12-17g、淮山药12-17g、薏苡仁12-17g、甘草7-13g和枳壳7-13g。
更进一步地,所述中药组合物包括以下原料:乌梅40g、羌活30g、荜茇30g、诃子20g、威灵仙20g、焦山楂20g、砂仁20g、木香20g、茯苓15g、淮山药15g、薏苡仁15g、甘草10g和枳壳10g。
上述治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物可以制备成肚脐贴或者纳米乳。
所述纳米乳包括油相16g、表面活性剂23.2g、助表面活性剂3.5g、渗透剂3.2g、维生素E0.9g,所述中药组合物醇提物5g和所述中药组合物水提液适量;
上述纳米乳的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,准确称取中药组合物:乌梅、羌活、荜茇、诃子、威灵仙、焦山楂、砂仁、木香、茯苓、淮山药、薏苡仁、甘草和枳壳,加入7倍重量份的蒸馏水后超声30min;
S2,超声完成后进行大火煮沸,然后小火煎煮30-45min,煎煮完成后用100目筛进行过滤,收集滤液,对滤渣再次煎煮过滤,合并两次滤液;
S3,将步骤S2中的滤液进行抽滤,得到中药组合物水提液;
S4,将S2中过滤后滤渣控干水分,加入5倍重量份的乙醇水浴回流提取,提取时间为60-80min,提取温度为65-75℃,真空抽滤得到滤液;
S5,将S4中收集的滤液进行真空旋转蒸发,蒸发至膏状后放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥,烘干温度为60℃;
S6,将S5中干燥后的提取物粉碎过100目筛,得到中药组合物醇提物;
S7,称取油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、步骤S6中的中药醇提物至于烧杯中进行磁力搅拌,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加步骤S3中的中药组合物水提液,边滴加边搅拌至形成透明乳液,然后再加入渗透剂、维生素E后磁力搅拌10分钟得到纳米乳。
进一步地,所述乳化剂为聚氧乙酸蓖麻油、橄榄油和花生油的混合物,所述聚氧乙酸蓖麻油、橄榄油和花生油的重量比为2:1:1。
更进一步地,所述助乳化剂为丙二醇和甘油中的一种。
更进一步地,所述表面活性剂为吐温-80和磷脂的混合物,所述吐温-80和磷脂的重量比为1.6:1。
更进一步地,所述渗透剂为氮酮和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的混合物,所述氮酮与肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的重量比为3:1。
本发明的中药组合物中中药功效介绍如下:
乌梅:为蔷薇科植物梅的近成熟果实,其性平,味酸、涩,归肝、脾、肺、大肠经,具有敛肺、涩肠、生津、安蛔的功效,常用于肺虚久咳、久泻久痢、虚热消渴、蛔厥呕吐腹痛。
羌活:是伞形科、羌活属多年生草本植物,其味辛,苦,性温;归膀胱,肾经;具有散表寒,祛风湿,利关节,止痛;常用于外感风寒、头痛无汗、油印寒湿痹、风水浮肿、疮疡肿毒。
荜茇:别名毕勃、荜茇、荜菝、荜拨胡椒科,胡椒属;其:辛,热;归脾经、胃经、大肠经、肺经、膀胱经、肝经、肾经;具有温中散寒,下气止痛之效;用于脘腹冷痛、呕吐、泄泻、偏头痛、外治牙痛、冠心病、心绞痛。治心腹冷痛,呕吐吞酸,肠鸣泄泻,冷痢,阴疝,头痛,鼻渊,齿痛。
诃子:诃子是使君子科榄仁树属植物诃子及其变种绒毛诃子的干燥成熟果实,其味苦、酸、涩,性平,归肺、大肠经,具有涩肠止泻,敛肺止咳,降火利咽的功效,现代药理学研究表明,诃子提取物具有抗菌、抗氧化、降血糖、抗病毒、抗炎、杀灭或抑制恶性肿瘤细胞等作用。
威灵仙:为毛茛科植物威灵仙、棉团铁线莲或东北铁线莲的干燥根及根茎;其味辛,性温;具有祛风湿,通络止痛,消骨鲠的功效;主治风湿痹证,骨鲠咽喉,跌打伤痛,头痛,牙痛,胃脘痛,痰饮,噎膈,痞积。
焦山楂:酸、甘、微温;归脾、胃、肝经;具有消食健胃,行气散瘀之效;用于肉食积滞,胃脘胀满,泻痢腹痛,瘀血经闭,产后瘀阻,心腹刺痛,疝气疼痛;高脂血症;焦山楂消食导滞作用增强;用于肉食积滞,泻痢不爽。
砂仁:砂仁是姜科,豆蔻属多年生草本植物;味辛,性温;归脾、胃、肾经;具有化湿行气,温中止泻,安胎的功效;主治湿阻中焦及脾胃气滞证,脾胃虚寒吐泻,气滞妊娠恶阻及胎动不安。
木香:菊科植物木香的根,圆柱形或平圆柱形;辛味辛、苦、性温、归脾、大肠、三焦经;具有行气,止痛,健脾,消食之效,主治:行气止痛;调中导滞。主胞胁胀满足、脘腹胀痛、嗳吐泄泻、痢疾后重;用于胸脘胀痛、泻痢后重、食积不消、不思饮食、中气不省、突发耳聋、蛇虫咬伤、牙痛。
茯苓:又称玉灵、茯灵、万灵桂、茯菟,是拟层孔菌科真菌茯苓的干燥菌核,常寄生在松树根上,形如甘薯,球状,外皮淡棕色或黑褐色,内部粉色或白色,精制后称为白茯苓或者云苓;其甘,平,无毒;归心经、肺经、脾经、肾经;具有降浊泄毒,活血化淤之效;适用于急、慢性痛风性关节炎等症。
淮山药:指的是目前广东、江苏、安徽等地所产的山药,它的茎通常带紫红色,含淀粉和蛋白质,可食用;味甘,性平;归脾,肺,肾经;具有补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精,清热解毒之效;脾虚食少、久泻不止、肺虚喘咳、肾虚遗精、带下、尿频、虚热消渴。
薏苡仁:为禾本科植物薏苡的干燥成熟种仁;其味甘、淡、性微寒、归脾、胃、肺经;具有健脾利水、利湿除痹、清热排脓、清利湿热之功效;可用于治疗泄泻、筋脉拘挛、屈伸不利、水肿、脚气、肠痈、淋浊、白带等症。
甘草:甘草别名国老、甜草、乌拉尔甘草、甜根子;豆科、甘草属多年生草本;其性平,味甘,归十二经;具有补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药之效;用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
枳壳:为芸香科植物酸橙及其栽培变种的接近熟果实;其性凉,味苦辛,入肺、脾、大肠经,具有破气、行痰、消积的功效,用于治疗胸膈痰滞、胸痞、胁胀、食积、噫气、呕逆、下痢后重、脱肛、子宫脱垂等症。
药理分析:
幼儿处于生长发育的时期,脾胃的形态功能不成熟健全,容易感受外來邪气的侵袭,主要病因分外感和内伤。隋巢元方《诸病源候论小儿杂病诸侯》认为小儿肠胃功能发育不健全,遇到外邪的侵袭,饮食不消化,而容易产生呕吐泄泻,泄泻治愈之后,又因为脾胃功能较差,不能营养机体,可能较前更加虚弱。
小儿腹泻可以分为热泄和寒泄:热泄病因主要有两个,一是暑湿内蕴,二是冬春风温,临床主要表现为发热,口干,小便短赤,舌红苔黄,热泄容易伤阴;寒泻主要有风寒与虚寒两种类型,风寒泄,症见大便臭味不大,小便清长,舌质不红,苔白,可兼有咳嗽流涕等表证,容伤阴。
所以中医认为小儿腹泻的原因主要是饮食不当、消化不良、脾胃虚寒以及脾胃湿热,所以本发明的外用中药组合物以乌梅、羌活、荜茇为君,诃子、威灵仙、焦山楂、砂仁、木香为臣,茯苓、淮山药、薏苡仁为佐,甘草、枳壳为使;乌梅、羌活、荜茇为君,具有祛寒除湿、疏风散寒的功效,但是乌梅在治疗腹泻时收敛性不强,所以辅以诃子、威灵仙增加其止泄功效,臣药焦山楂、木香,消食导滞、健脾益气;砂仁具有化湿行气,温中止泻之效,佐以茯苓、淮山药、薏苡仁更能增加其利脾健湿的效果;最后以甘草和枳壳为使药,缓和整体的药性;
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的外用中药组合物具有显著的祛湿驱寒、消食导滞、健脾益气之效,在治疗儿科腹泻方面效果显著;而且通过不同药物之间的配合,大大减弱了药物的副作用,使其在治疗儿科腹泻方面药性更加温和。
中药中有很多药物的有效成分难溶于水,如主药荜茇,其主要成分是酰胺类的生物碱和挥发油,这两者在水中均难以溶解,所以通过传统的煎煮服用很难起到治疗作用,因为大部分的有效成分无法溶解到药汁中,本发明的中药组合物在制备纳米乳的过程中先用水进行煎煮,使药物中的水溶性成分溶解在水中,然后再用醇对药渣再次提取,使醇溶性成分溶解在醇中,再进行干燥得到治疗腹泻的醇溶有效成分,这样可以提高中药的利用效率,提高药物的治疗效果,同时避免造成中药材的浪费。
首先,纳米乳是通过水相和油相制备而成,油相可以溶解大部分的中药纯提物,而且具有较好的物理稳定性,这样也可提高药物的稳定性,对药物起到保护作用,还可以提高难溶性药物的溶解度;其次,由于纳米乳粒径小且均匀,使被包容的药物分散度提高,同时纳米乳的亲水亲油结构增加了角质层脂质的双层流动性并且破坏角质层水性通道,可以使纳米乳以完整结构经毛囊吸收,与肚脐贴相比,大幅度提升了药物的透皮吸收效果,进入人体后还能提高药物的生物利用度;再次,纳米乳透皮进入腹泻患儿体内后药物的缓慢释放能够降低患儿体内的血药浓度,避免口服药物,体内血药浓度过高增加患儿肝脏的代谢负担;最后,纳米乳是具有各向同性的透明液体,热力学稳定且可以过滤除菌,易于制备和保存。多为自发形成,不需外力做功,工艺简单,制剂质量稳定。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外,本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将参照图,对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明的一种治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳的制备工艺流程图;
图2为本发明的一种治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳的粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
参考图1至图2,如图1至图2所示,本发明的一种治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物及其应用,实施例如下:
实施例1
治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物,包括以下原料:乌梅30g、羌活20g、荜茇40g、诃子15g、威灵仙23g、焦山楂15g、砂仁25g、木香15g、茯苓20g、淮山药10g、薏苡仁20g、甘草5g和枳壳15g;
称取上述治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物洗净烘干后进行粉碎、过100目筛,给过筛后的中药粉末中加入适量的蜂蜜进行搅拌,使其形成中药膏,将中药膏置于带胶无纺布空白脐贴上制得肚脐贴。
实施例2
治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物,包括以下原料:乌梅50g、羌活40g、荜茇20g、诃子25g、威灵仙18g、焦山楂25g、砂仁15g、木香25g、茯苓10g、淮山药20g、薏苡仁10g、甘草15g和枳壳5g;将上述治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物制备成肚脐贴。
称取上述治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物洗净烘干后进行粉碎、过100目筛,给过筛后的中药粉末中加入适量的蜂蜜进行搅拌,使其形成中药膏,将中药膏置于带胶无纺布空白脐贴上制得肚脐贴。
实施例3
乌梅35g、羌活35g、荜茇25g、诃子18g、威灵仙23g、焦山楂23g、砂仁18g、木香23g、茯苓12g、淮山药17g、薏苡仁17g、甘草13g和枳壳7g。
称取上述治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物洗净烘干后进行粉碎、过100目筛,给过筛后的中药粉末中加入适量的蜂蜜进行搅拌,使其形成中药膏,将中药膏置于带胶无纺布空白脐贴上制得肚脐贴。
实施例4
乌梅45g、羌活25g、荜茇35g、诃子18g、威灵仙18g、焦山楂18g、砂仁23g、木香18g、茯苓17g、淮山药12g、薏苡仁12g、甘草7g和枳壳13g。
称取上述治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物洗净烘干后进行粉碎、过100目筛,给过筛后的中药粉末中加入适量的蜂蜜进行搅拌,使其形成中药膏,将中药膏置于带胶无纺布空白脐贴上制得肚脐贴。
实施例5
乌梅40g、羌活30g、荜茇30g、诃子20g、威灵仙20g、焦山楂20g、砂仁20g、木香20g、茯苓15g、淮山药15g、薏苡仁15g、甘草10g和枳壳10g。
称取上述治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物洗净烘干后进行粉碎、过100目筛,给过筛后的中药粉末中加入适量的蜂蜜进行搅拌,使其形成中药膏,将中药膏置于带胶无纺布空白脐贴上制得肚脐贴。
实施例6
一种治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳,其原料组分包括:聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g、维生素E0.9g,所述中药组合物醇提物5g和所述中药组合物水提液适量。
该治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳通过以下步骤制备而成:
S1,准确称取乌梅30g、羌活20g、荜茇40g、诃子15g、威灵仙23g、焦山楂15g、砂仁25g、木香15g、茯苓20g、淮山药10g、薏苡仁20g、甘草5g和枳壳15g,加入7倍重量份的蒸馏水后超声30min;
S2,超声完成后进行大火煮沸,然后小火煎煮30-45min,煎煮完成后用100目筛进行过滤,收集滤液,对滤渣再次煎煮过滤,合并两次滤液;
S3,将步骤S2中的滤液进行抽滤,得到中药组合物水提液;
S4,将S2中过滤后滤渣控干水分,加入5倍重量份的乙醇水浴回流提取,提取时间为60min,提取温度为60℃,真空抽滤得到滤液;
S5,将S4中收集的滤液进行真空旋转蒸发,蒸发至膏状后放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥,烘干温度为60℃;
S6,将S5中干燥后的提取物粉碎过100目筛,得到中药组合物醇提物;
S7,称取聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、步骤S6中的中药组合物醇提物5g至于烧杯中进行磁力搅拌,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加步骤S3中的所述中药组合物水提液,边滴加边搅拌至形成透明乳液,然后再加入氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g和维生素E0.9g后磁力搅拌10分钟得到纳米乳。
实施例7
一种纳米乳,包括聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g、维生素E0.9g,所述中药组合物醇提物5g和所述中药组合物水提液适量。
该治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳通过以下步骤制备而成:
S1,准确称取乌梅50g、羌活40g、荜茇20g、诃子25g、威灵仙18g、焦山楂25g、砂仁15g、木香25g、茯苓10g、淮山药20g、薏苡仁10g、甘草15g和枳壳5g,加入7倍重量份的蒸馏水后超声30min;
S2,超声完成后进行大火煮沸,然后小火煎煮30-45min,煎煮完成后用100目筛进行过滤,收集滤液,对滤渣再次煎煮过滤,合并两次滤液;
S3,将步骤S2中的滤液进行抽滤,得到中药组合物水提液;
S4,将S2中过滤后滤渣控干水分,加入5倍重量份的乙醇水浴回流提取,提取时间为65min,提取温度为60℃,真空抽滤得到滤液;
S5,将S4中收集的滤液进行真空旋转蒸发,蒸发至膏状后放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥,烘干温度为60℃;
S6,将S5中干燥后的提取物粉碎过100目筛,得到中药组合物醇提物;
S7,称取聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、步骤S6中的中药组合物醇提物5g至于烧杯中进行磁力搅拌,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加步骤S3中的中药组合物水提液,边滴加边搅拌至形成透明乳液,然后再加入氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g和维生素E0.9g后磁力搅拌10分钟得到纳米乳。
实施例8
一种纳米乳,包括聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g、维生素E0.9g,中药组合物醇提物5g和所述中药组合物水提液适量。
该治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳通过以下步骤制备而成:
S1,准确称取乌梅35g、羌活35g、荜茇25g、诃子18g、威灵仙23g、焦山楂23g、砂仁18g、木香23g、茯苓12g、淮山药17g、薏苡仁17g、甘草13g和枳壳7g,加入7倍重量份的蒸馏水后超声30min;
S2,超声完成后进行大火煮沸,然后小火煎煮30-45min,煎煮完成后用100目筛进行过滤,收集滤液,对滤渣再次煎煮过滤,合并两次滤液;
S3,将步骤S2中的滤液进行抽滤,得到中药组合物水提液;
S4,将S2中过滤后滤渣控干水分,加入5倍重量份的乙醇水浴回流提取,提取时间为75min,提取温度为70℃,真空抽滤得到滤液;
S5,将S4中收集的滤液进行真空旋转蒸发,蒸发至膏状后放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥,烘干温度为60℃;
S6,将S5中干燥后的提取物粉碎过100目筛,得到中药组合物醇提物;
S7,称取聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、步骤S6中的中药组合物醇提物5g至于烧杯中进行磁力搅拌,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加步骤S3中的中药组合物水提液,边滴加边搅拌至形成透明乳液,然后再加入氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g和维生素E0.9g后磁力搅拌10分钟得到纳米乳。
实施例9
一种纳米乳,包括聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g、维生素E0.9g,所述中药组合物醇提物5g和所述中药组合物水提液适量。
该治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳通过以下步骤制备而成:
S1,准确称取乌梅35g、羌活35g、荜茇25g、诃子18g、威灵仙23g、焦山楂23g、砂仁18g、木香23g、茯苓12g、淮山药17g、薏苡仁17g、甘草13g和枳壳7g,加入7倍重量份的蒸馏水后超声30min;
S2,超声完成后进行大火煮沸,然后小火煎煮30-45min,煎煮完成后用100目筛进行过滤,收集滤液,对滤渣再次煎煮过滤,合并两次滤液;
S3,将步骤S2中的滤液进行抽滤,得到中药组合物水提液;
S4,将S2中过滤后滤渣控干水分,加入5倍重量份的乙醇水浴回流提取,提取时间为75min,提取温度为70℃,真空抽滤得到滤液;
S5,将S4中收集的滤液进行真空旋转蒸发,蒸发至膏状后放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥,烘干温度为60℃;
S6,将S5中干燥后的提取物粉碎过100目筛,得到中药组合物醇提物;
S7,称取聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、步骤S6中的中药组合物醇提物5g至于烧杯中进行磁力搅拌,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加步骤S3中的中药组合物水提液,边滴加边搅拌至形成透明乳液,然后再加入氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g和维生素E0.9g后磁力搅拌10分钟得到纳米乳。
实施例10
一种纳米乳,包括聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g、维生素E0.9g,所述中药组合物醇提物5g和所述中药组合物水提液适量。
该治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳通过以下步骤制备而成:
S1,准确称取乌梅40g、羌活30g、荜茇30g、诃子20g、威灵仙20g、焦山楂20g、砂仁20g、木香20g、茯苓15g、淮山药15g、薏苡仁15g、甘草10g和枳壳10g,加入7倍重量份的蒸馏水后超声30min;
S2,超声完成后进行大火煮沸,然后小火煎煮30-45min,煎煮完成后用100目筛进行过滤,收集滤液,对滤渣再次煎煮过滤,合并两次滤液;
S3,将步骤S2中的滤液进行抽滤,得到中药组合物水提液;
S4,将S2中过滤后滤渣控干水分,加入5倍重量份的乙醇水浴回流提取,提取时间为80min,提取温度为75℃,真空抽滤得到滤液;
S5,将S4中收集的滤液进行真空旋转蒸发,蒸发至膏状后放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥,烘干温度为60℃;
S6,将S5中干燥后的提取物粉碎过100目筛,得到中药组合物醇提物;
S7,称取聚氧乙酸蓖麻油8g、橄榄油4g、花生油4g、吐温80 14.27g、磷脂8.92g、步骤S6中的中药组合物醇提物5g至于烧杯中进行磁力搅拌,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加步骤S3中的中药组合物水提液,边滴加边搅拌至形成透明乳液,然后再加入氮酮2.4g、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯0.8g和维生素E0.9g后磁力搅拌10分钟得到纳米乳。
本发明的纳米乳可以直接涂抹于腹泻肚脐处,也可以置于带胶空白无纺布肚脐贴中制得肚脐贴使用。
实验例1
取干净的经过消毒的西林瓶15个分为五组,分别加入实施例6-10制得的纳米乳5mL,每组3瓶分别在-20℃、0℃、40℃进行恒温保存,观察其稳定性,30天后均未出现分层现象,说明本发明实施例制备的纳米乳稳定性较好。
实验例2
取适量实施例1制备的纳米乳,用激光粒度仪观察其粒径分布,结果如图2所示,可以看出本发明的中药组合物制备的纳米乳粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为130.26nm。
实验例3
1.腹泻小鼠模型建造
选取供试健康小鼠120只,随机选取100只作为实验组,10只作为对照组,10只为空白组,所有小鼠在建立腹泻模型前禁食12h,自由饮水。12h后空白对照组用生理盐水灌胃(0.4mL/只),实验组和对照组小鼠均用番泻叶灌胃(0.4mL/只),持续两周,两周后发现空白对照组小鼠粪便正常,肛周毛发干净尚未出现其他现象,其余小鼠粪便均为水样粪便,肛周毛发污染,出现腹泻现象,表明试验性腹泻小鼠模型造模成功。
2.实验方式
剃除所有小鼠腹部毛发,然后将造模成功的实验组小鼠分为10组,每组10只,前5组每天腹部贴实施例1-5制备的肚脐贴,肚脐贴上的浸膏含量为1g/贴,每10-12h更换一次肚脐贴,后5组小鼠每天腹部涂抹3次实施例6-10所得纳米乳,每次1mL,对照组和空白组不采取任何治疗措施。
将小鼠分别置于代谢笼中,将笼子下置吸收纸垫,观察小鼠的粪便状况总共48h,在此期间更换滤纸。小鼠大便分为:粪便正常、肛周毛发干净;而外形正常但水分较多、软便、黏液便及水样便属于腹泻的症状。
每日观察记录小鼠消耗的食物量、消耗的水量、排便次数、稀便次数、粪便的量和特征、皮肤光泽 和死亡情况等。
3.实验结果
空白小鼠整个试验期间活泼好动,饮食、饮水等情况均正常,生长良好,粪便正常,肛周毛发干净,未出现腹泻现象。试验组和对照组小鼠在灌服番泻叶之后,出现了明显的腹泻现象,肛周毛发被稀便污染,精神萎靡,采食基本停止,饮水量也降低,活动量减少,大便由稀糊状到水样不等,肛周被毛被粪便污染。
贴肚脐贴的实验组小鼠在贴肚脐贴24h后腹泻症状开始减轻,小鼠粪便稍有变稠,48h后大便次数减少,大便开始成形,96h后小鼠腹泄的治愈率达到68%,剩余32%的小鼠腹泻症状大幅度减轻,7天后所有小鼠粪便恢复正常;纳米乳组小鼠在涂抹纳米乳两次后大部分小鼠的腹泻症状减轻,个别小鼠的大便成形,48h后所有小鼠大便成形,40%的小鼠已经排泄颗粒粪便,72h时小鼠的腹泻治愈率达到了87%,剩余13%的小鼠粪便稍软;96小时所有小鼠粪便恢复正常;对照组小鼠腹泻一直加重,48h死亡1只,83h死亡1只,剩下8只至实验组小鼠痊愈时均未死亡,空白组小鼠均健康成长。可见,本发明的外用中药组合物在治疗小鼠腹泻中均有效果,但是纳米乳的治疗效果明显优于肚脐贴。
实验例4
发明人为某医院儿科医生,在2018年1月-2019年7月间接收腹泻患儿72例,所有患儿每日大便次数3次以上,色泽黄绿,伴有水样或蛋花样,经实验室检查存在大肠杆菌、轮状病毒等致病微生物,符合《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中相关的诊断标准,患儿入院后在监护人同意的情况下进行了排除严重的靶器官功能障碍、相关药物不耐受、血液系统疾病、免疫系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病、精神认知障碍等疾病的排除检查,其中男性40人,女性32人,患儿的年龄最小3个月,最大6岁,大部分患儿年龄在2-3岁。患儿入院后均给予补液、纠正酸碱平衡、补充维生素、退热等支持治疗,根据入院时间的先后顺序一个患儿使用本发明的纳米乳,下一个患儿使用蒙脱石散,以此类推,并记录每个患儿的治愈情况,治疗过程中三天内没有显著效果进行其它方式治疗,治疗过程中随时监测患儿的身体状况,以免腹泻加重引起其它疾病。
本发明的纳米乳可以根据患儿的严重程度每天涂抹3-5次,一次3mL,涂抹于患儿肚脐周边皮肤,蒙脱石散的使用量依据说明书。
2019年8月初对结果进行统计,使用纳米乳的患儿36例,其中女性13例,男性23例;使用蒙脱石散的患儿36例,其中女性19例,男性17例。治愈率结果统计见表1:
从表1中可以看出,本发明的纳米乳在治疗儿科腹泻方面效果显著,涂抹1天本发明的纳米乳,患儿的腹泻症状能够得到明显改善,涂抹三天后治愈率达到了97%。
本发明的外用中药组合物具有显著的祛湿驱寒、消食导滞、健脾益气之效,在治疗儿科腹泻方面效果显著;而且通过不同药物之间的配合,大大减弱了药物的副作用,使其在治疗儿科腹泻方面药性更加温和。
中药中有很多药物的有效成分难溶于水,如主药荜茇,其主要成分是酰胺类的生物碱和挥发油,这两者在水中均难以溶解,所以通过传统的煎煮服用很难起到治疗作用,因为大部分的有效成分无法溶解到药汁中,本发明的中药组合物在制备纳米乳的过程中先用水进行煎煮,使药物中的水溶性成分溶解在水中,然后再用醇对药渣再次提取,使醇溶性成分溶解在醇中,再进行干燥得到治疗腹泻的醇溶有效成分,这样可以提高中药的利用效率,提高药物的治疗效果,同时避免造成中药材的浪费。
首先,纳米乳是通过水相和油相制备而成,油相可以溶解大部分的中药纯提物,而且具有较好的物理稳定性,这样也可提高药物的稳定性,对药物起到保护作用,还可以提高难溶性药物的溶解度;其次,由于纳米乳粒径小且均匀,使被包容的药物分散度提高,同时纳米乳的亲水亲油结构增加了角质层脂质的双层流动性并且破坏角质层水性通道,可以使纳米乳以完整结构经毛囊吸收,与肚脐贴相比,大幅度提升了药物的透皮吸收效果,进入人体后还能提高药物的生物利用度;再次,纳米乳透皮进入腹泻患儿体内后药物的缓慢释放能够降低患儿体内的血药浓度,避免口服药物,体内血药浓度过高增加患儿肝脏的代谢负担;最后,纳米乳是具有各向同性的透明液体,热力学稳定且可以过滤除菌,易于制备和保存。多为自发形成,不需外力做功,工艺简单,制剂质量稳定。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下原料:乌梅30-50g、羌活20-40g、荜茇20-40g、诃子15-25g、威灵仙18-23g、焦山楂15-25g、砂仁15-25g、木香15-25g、茯苓10-20g、淮山药10-20g、薏苡仁10-20g、甘草5-15g和枳壳5-15g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下原料:乌梅35-45g、羌活25-35g、荜茇25-35g、诃子18-23g、威灵仙18-23g、焦山楂18-23g、砂仁18-23g、木香18-23g、茯苓12-17g、淮山药12-17g、薏苡仁12-17g、甘草7-13g和枳壳7-13g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下原料:乌梅40g、羌活30g、荜茇30g、诃子20g、威灵仙20g、焦山楂20g、砂仁20g、木香20g、茯苓15g、淮山药15g、薏苡仁15g、甘草10g和枳壳10g。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的治疗儿科腹泻的外用中药组合物在制备治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳中的应用。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳,其特征在于,所述纳米乳包括油相16g、表面活性剂23.2g、助表面活性剂3.5g、渗透剂3.2g、维生素E0.9g,所述中药组合物醇提物5g和所述中药组合物水提液适量。
6.根据权利要求5所述的治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1,准确称取上述乌梅、羌活、荜茇、诃子、威灵仙、焦山楂、砂仁、木香、茯苓、淮山药、薏苡仁、甘草和枳壳,加入7倍重量份的蒸馏水后超声30min;
S2,超声完成后进行大火煮沸,然后小火煎煮30-45min,煎煮完成后用100目筛进行过滤,收集滤液,对滤渣再次煎煮过滤,合并两次滤液;
S3,将步骤S2中的滤液进行抽滤,得到中药组合物水提液;
S4,将S2中过滤后滤渣控干水分,加入5倍重量份的乙醇水浴回流提取,提取时间为60-80min,提取温度为65-75℃,真空抽滤得到滤液;
S5,将S4中收集的滤液进行真空旋转蒸发,蒸发至膏状后放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥,烘干温度为60℃;
S6,将S5中干燥后的提取物粉碎过100目筛,得到中药组合物醇提物;
S7,称取油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、步骤S6中的中药组合物醇提物至于烧杯中进行磁力搅拌,搅拌均匀后缓慢滴加步骤S3中的中药组合物水提液,边滴加边搅拌至形成透明乳液,然后再加入渗透剂、维生素E后磁力搅拌10分钟得到纳米乳。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳的制备方法,其特征在于,所述油相为聚氧乙酸蓖麻油、橄榄油和花生油的混合物,所述聚氧乙酸蓖麻油、橄榄油和花生油的重量比为2:1:1。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳的制备方法,其特征在于,所述助乳表面活性剂为丙二醇或甘油中的一种。
9.根据权利要求5或6所述的治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为吐温-80和磷脂的混合物,所述吐温-80和磷脂的重量比为1.6:1。
10.根据权利要求5或6所述的治疗儿科腹泻的纳米乳的制备方法,其特征在于,所述渗透剂为氮酮和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的混合物,所述氮酮与肉豆蔻酸异丙酯的重量比为3:1。
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