CN110655664A - 一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法及产物 - Google Patents

一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法及产物 Download PDF

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CN110655664A
CN110655664A CN201910899854.0A CN201910899854A CN110655664A CN 110655664 A CN110655664 A CN 110655664A CN 201910899854 A CN201910899854 A CN 201910899854A CN 110655664 A CN110655664 A CN 110655664A
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polytetrafluoroethylene
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王启瑶
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Quansheng Polycarbon Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及防滴落剂技术领域,具体涉及一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法及产物,该制备方法将制备的聚合物树脂乳液与悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末共混再进行粉体化得到聚四氟乙烯共混物;与采用聚四氟乙烯乳液制备聚四氟乙烯共混物相比,本发明的制备方法采用成本低廉、颗粒大小可控且稳定性高、保存方便的悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末,不含有对环境及人体有害的表面活性剂PFOA,避免了使用高成本的聚四氟乙烯乳液造成环境污染,该制备方法操作简单,控制方便,生产效率高,生产成本低,环保,可用于大规模生产。

Description

一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法及产物
技术领域
本发明涉及防滴落剂技术领域,具体涉及一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法及产物。
背景技术
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)具有优异的耐热、耐寒、耐化学药品性,同时,聚四氟乙烯具有耐高温的特点,它的摩擦系数极低,广泛应用在国防军工、原子能、石油、无线电、电力机械、化学工业等重要部门。
由于聚四氟乙烯分子间力低,在微弱应力下发生纤维化,因此通过将聚四氟乙烯作为防滴落剂加入到聚合物树脂中,使其纤维化,从而在燃烧时抑制火焰熔滴的滴落,提高阻燃等级。
现有聚四氟乙烯防滴落剂分为纯粉型及包覆型,其中纯粉型聚四氟乙烯防滴落剂因为聚四氟乙烯具有非常低的表面能,与其他材料的相容性较差,在加工过程中往往因团聚而存在分散性差的问题;包覆型聚四氟乙烯防滴落剂是指在聚四氟乙烯中混合有一部分聚合物树脂或者无机物,例如聚苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等聚合物树脂或纳米水滑石、白炭黑、碳酸钙等无机物,在一定程度上可以改善分散性差的问题。
而制作包覆型聚四氟乙烯防滴落剂的聚四氟乙烯原料大多采用浓缩聚四氟乙烯乳液(也称聚四氟乙烯浓缩水分散液);浓缩聚四氟乙烯乳液的制备方法是以四氟乙烯(即TFE)单体在表面活性剂PFOA(PFOA代表全氟辛酸及其含铵的主盐)下乳液聚合得到较低浓度(25-30wt%)的PTFE乳液,再添加电解质和非离子乳化剂,制得浓缩聚四氟乙烯乳液(60wt%),该浓缩聚四氟乙烯乳液制备过程中如果PFOA加入量达不到要求则对乳液造成不利影响,而且制得的浓缩聚四氟乙烯乳液不易保存,在高温和低温下,容易出现破乳,且长期储存后会发生沉降变质,且上述制备方法对废水和产物残留有表面活性剂PFOA,其含有的表面活性剂PFOA是目前已知极难降解的有机污染物之一,具有很高的生物蓄积性和多种毒性,不仅会造成人体呼吸系统问题,还可能导致新生婴儿死亡,其导致的全球性污染正日渐受到人们关注。2002年12月,经合组织(OECD)召开的第34次化学品委员会联合会议上将PFOA定义为持久存在于环境、具有生物储蓄性并对人类有害的物质;且聚四氟乙烯浓缩水分散液售价高,导致生产成本高,不利于推广和发展。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的缺点和不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,将制备的聚合物树脂乳液与悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末共混再进行粉体化得到聚四氟乙烯共混物;与采用聚四氟乙烯乳液制备聚四氟乙烯共混物相比,本发明的制备方法采用成本低廉、颗粒大小可控且稳定性高、保存方便的悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末,悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末不含有对环境及人体有害的表面活性剂PFOA,避免了使用高成本的聚四氟乙烯乳液造成环境污染,避免了制备聚四氟乙烯乳液导致制备成本高、保质期短、制备过程添加有各种乳化剂及其它助剂、废水量大、COD值高、废液处理难度大、残留物多的问题,该制备方法操作简单,控制方便,生产效率高,生产成本低,环保,可用于大规模生产。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,该聚四氟乙烯共混物既具有包覆型防滴落剂的特性,解决聚四氟乙烯与其他材料分散性差、相容性差的问题,避免该聚四氟乙烯共混物加入阻燃改性聚合物材料中发生团聚,又避免了现有包覆型防滴落剂自身使用聚四氟乙烯乳液制备导致污染大、成本高、效率低的问题。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(S1)、按重量份将1-5份乳化剂、30-60份水和15-30份不饱和单体在100-300r/min转速下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(S2)、将步骤(S1)得到的混合液升温至50-80℃,然后加入0.05-1份引发剂搅拌2-4h,得到聚合物树脂乳液;
(S3)、取80-120重量份水、5-95重量份悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末以及5-95固体重量份所述聚合物树脂乳液混合,在30-80℃温度下搅拌1-3h,得到混合乳液;
(S4)、将步骤(S3)得到的混合乳液粉体化处理,制得聚四氟乙烯共混物。
本发明的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,将制备的聚合物树脂乳液与悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末共混再进行粉体化得到聚四氟乙烯共混物;与采用聚四氟乙烯乳液制备聚四氟乙烯共混物相比,本发明的制备方法采用成本低廉、颗粒大小可控且稳定性高、保存方便的悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末,悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末不含有对环境及人体有害的表面活性剂PFOA,避免了使用高成本的聚四氟乙烯乳液造成环境污染,避免了制备聚四氟乙烯乳液导致制备成本高、保质期短、制备过程添加有各种乳化剂及其它助剂、废水量大、COD值高、废液处理难度大、残留物多的问题,该制备方法操作简单,控制方便,生产效率高,生产成本低,环保,可用于大规模生产。其中,步骤(S1)中,在100-300r/min转速下搅拌均匀以构建单体乳化体系,提高单体分散均匀性,有利于步骤(S2)在引发剂作用下制备聚合物树脂乳液。步骤(S3)中,将聚合物树脂乳液和悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末均匀分散于水中,有利于混合乳液在粉体化过程中实现聚四氟乙烯颗粒的表面粘附聚合物树脂,从而得到聚四氟乙烯共混物。
优选的,所述乳化剂为阴离子乳化剂和/或非离子乳化剂。
所述阴离子乳化剂为烷基硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、脂肪酸盐、硫酸烷基氢酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸氢酯、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚硫酸氢酯、N-酰基牛磺酸、烷基苯磺酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚磺酸酯、α-烯烃磺酸酯、烷基萘磺酸酯、烷基二苯基醚二磺酸酯、磺基琥珀酸二烷基酯、磺基琥珀酸单烷基酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚酯、N-酰基氨基酸盐和烷基磷酸酯中的至少一种;
所述非离子乳化剂为异构醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸甲酯聚氧乙烯醚、三甲基壬醇聚氧乙烯醚、甘油单酸硬脂酸酯、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸醋、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、丙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬化蓖麻油脂肪酸酯和聚氧乙烯改性的有机聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
采用上述技术方案,促进不饱和单体乳化并均匀分散于水中构建乳液体系,提高不饱和单体的分散均匀性,再在步骤(S2)中乳液聚合得到聚合物树脂乳液,提高聚合物树脂的分子量分布均一性,更有利于混合乳液实现聚四氟乙烯颗粒的表面粘附聚合物树脂。更优选的,所述乳化剂为阴离子乳化剂和非离子乳化剂按重量比2-4:1-2混合而成。
优选的,所述不饱和单体为苯乙烯类单体、丙烯酸酯类单体、乙烯基氰类单体、乙烯基醚类单体、乙烯基羧酸酯类单体、烯类单体、二烯类单体中的至少一种。
所述苯乙烯类单体为苯乙烯、对-甲基苯乙烯、邻-甲基苯乙烯、对-氯苯乙烯、邻-氯苯乙烯、对-甲氧基苯乙烯、邻-甲氧基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯中的至少一种;
所述丙烯酸酯类单体为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸十二烷酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯、丙烯酸环己酯和甲基丙烯酸环己酯中的至少一种;
所述乙烯基氰类单体为丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈;
所述乙烯基醚类单体为乙烯基甲基醚和/或乙烯基乙基醚;
所述乙烯基羧酸酯类单体为醋酸乙烯酯和/或丁酸乙烯酯;
所述烯类单体为乙烯、丙烯和异丁烯中的至少一种;
所述二烯类单体为丁二烯、异戊二烯、戊二烯和二甲基丁二烯中的至少一种。
采用上述技术方案,通过采用上述不饱和单体进行乳液聚合得到聚合物树脂乳液,有助于在粉体化过程中实现聚四氟乙烯颗粒的表面粘附聚合物树脂,借助聚合物树脂将聚四氟乙烯颗粒分隔开以避免聚四氟乙烯颗粒团聚,提高聚四氟乙烯共混物在阻燃改性聚合物材料中的分散性和相容性。更优选的,所述不饱和单体为苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯按重量比3-5:1-2混合而成。
优选的,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾和叔丁基过氧化氢-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系中的至少一种。
采用上述技术方案,促进不饱和单体引发乳液聚合形成聚合物树脂,提高聚合效率。进一步的,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾按照质量比为1:0.5-1.5复配而成,提高乳化稳定性,提高反应活性,引发乳化单体聚合的效果更好,大大降低乳化单体的残留,提高单体的反应转化率。
优选的,所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在20-100μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。为了提高聚四氟乙烯共混物在阻燃改性聚合物材料中的分散性和相容性,更优选的,所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在20-40μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
优选的,所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液喷雾干燥成粉末;或将所述混合乳液加入到浓度为2-15wt%的凝聚剂溶液中,然后依次经离心、分离、洗涤和烘干处理成粉末。
若使用聚四氟乙烯乳液,由于其残留有乳化剂,粉体化处理直接采用喷雾干燥,残留在乳液中的乳化剂容易对体系有不良影响,而采用加入凝聚剂溶液然后依次经离心、分离、洗涤和烘干处理,需要反复离心洗涤以除去乳化剂,消耗大,产生的废水量多,成本高。本发明采用上述粉体化处理的方式即可得到产物,操作更简单,更节能环保,对聚四氟乙烯共混物的不良影响更低。更优选的,所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液喷雾干燥成粉末。
优选的,所述凝聚剂溶液为硫酸铝溶液、硫酸镁溶液、醋酸钙溶液或氯化钙溶液;所述凝聚剂溶液的重量与混合乳液的重量之比为20-30:1-2。
采用上述技术方案,提高混合乳液的沉析效率,保证聚四氟乙烯共混物的得率;更优选的,所述凝聚剂溶液为硫酸铝溶液,将混合乳液加入硫酸铝溶液中,降低混合乳液中的乳化剂在水中的溶解性和形成双电解层,进而使混合乳液中的聚四氟乙烯共混物析出,沉析效果更好且耗能低。
本发明的另一目的通过下述技术方案实现:一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,采用上述的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法制得。
该聚四氟乙烯共混物既具有包覆型防滴落剂的特性,解决聚四氟乙烯与其他材料分散性差、相容性差的问题,避免该四氟乙烯共混物加入阻燃改性聚合物材料中发生团聚,又避免了现有包覆型防滴落剂自身使用聚四氟乙烯乳液制备导致污染大、成本高、效率低的问题。
优选的,所述聚四氟乙烯共混物为表面粘附有聚合物树脂的聚四氟乙烯颗粒;该聚四氟乙烯共混物形如汤圆表面裹一层干糯米粉防粘,该聚四氟乙烯共混物借助聚合物树脂将聚四氟乙烯颗粒相互隔离开来,从而在避免该聚四氟乙烯共混物加入阻燃改性聚合物材料中发生团聚,又能提高聚四氟乙烯共混物在体系中的分散性和相容性。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,将制备的聚合物树脂乳液与悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末共混再进行粉体化得到聚四氟乙烯共混物;与采用聚四氟乙烯乳液制备聚四氟乙烯共混物相比,本发明的制备方法采用成本低廉、颗粒大小可控且稳定性高、保存方便的悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末,悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末不含有对环境及人体有害的表面活性剂PFOA,避免了使用高成本的聚四氟乙烯乳液造成环境污染,避免了制备聚四氟乙烯乳液导致制备成本高、保质期短、制备过程添加有各种乳化剂及其它助剂、废水量大、COD值高、废液处理难度大、残留物多的问题,该制备方法操作简单,控制方便,生产效率高,生产成本低,环保,可用于大规模生产。
本发明的聚四氟乙烯共混物既具有包覆型防滴落剂的特性,解决聚四氟乙烯与其他材料分散性差、相容性差的问题,避免该四氟乙烯共混物加入阻燃改性聚合物材料中发生团聚,又避免了现有包覆型防滴落剂自身使用聚四氟乙烯乳液制备导致污染大、成本高、效率低的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1所述聚四氟乙烯共混物的SEM形貌图
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员的理解,下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步的说明,实施方式提及的内容并非对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(S1)、按重量份将3份乳化剂、50份水和23份不饱和单体在200r/min转速下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(S2)、将步骤(S1)得到的混合液升温至60℃,然后加入0.5份引发剂搅拌3h,得到聚合物树脂乳液;
(S3)、取100重量份水、50重量份悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末以及50固体重量份所述聚合物树脂乳液混合,在50℃温度下搅拌2h,得到混合乳液;
(S4)、将步骤(S3)得到的混合乳液粉体化处理,制得聚四氟乙烯共混物。
所述乳化剂为阴离子乳化剂和非离子乳化剂按重量比3:1混合而成。
所述阴离子乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠和硫酸烷基氢酯按重量比2:1混合而成;
所述非离子乳化剂为异构醇聚氧乙烯醚和脂肪酸甲酯聚氧乙烯醚按重量比1:1混合而成。
所述不饱和单体为苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯按重量比4:1混合而成。
所述引发剂为过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾按照质量比为1:1复配而成。
所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在20-40μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液喷雾干燥成粉末。
一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,采用上述的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法制得。
所述聚四氟乙烯共混物为表面粘附有聚合物树脂的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
实施例2
一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(S1)、按重量份将1份乳化剂、30份水和15份不饱和单体在100r/min转速下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(S2)、将步骤(S1)得到的混合液升温至50℃,然后加入0.05份引发剂搅拌2h,得到聚合物树脂乳液;
(S3)、取80重量份水、5重量份悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末以及5固体重量份所述聚合物树脂乳液混合,在30℃温度下搅拌1h,得到混合乳液;
(S4)、将步骤(S3)得到的混合乳液粉体化处理,制得聚四氟乙烯共混物。
所述乳化剂为阴离子乳化剂和非离子乳化剂按重量比2:1混合而成。
所述阴离子乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠;
所述非离子乳化剂为脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯。
所述不饱和单体为苯乙烯类单体和烯类单体按重量比3:1混合而成。
所述苯乙烯类单体为邻-甲基苯乙烯;所述烯类单体为乙烯。
所述引发剂为过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾按照质量比为1:0.5复配而成。
所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在40-60μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液喷雾干燥成粉末。
一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,采用上述的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法制得。
所述聚四氟乙烯共混物为表面粘附有聚合物树脂的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
实施例3
一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(S1)、按重量份将5份乳化剂、60份水和30份不饱和单体在300r/min转速下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(S2)、将步骤(S1)得到的混合液升温至80℃,然后加入1份引发剂搅拌4h,得到聚合物树脂乳液;
(S3)、取120重量份水、95重量份悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末以及95固体重量份所述聚合物树脂乳液混合,在80℃温度下搅拌3h,得到混合乳液;
(S4)、将步骤(S3)得到的混合乳液粉体化处理,制得聚四氟乙烯共混物。
所述乳化剂为阴离子乳化剂和非离子乳化剂按重量比4:2混合而成。
所述阴离子乳化剂为α-烯烃磺酸酯、烷基萘磺酸酯和聚氧乙烯烷基醚酯按重量比1:1:3混合而成;
所述非离子乳化剂为甘油单酸硬脂酸酯。
所述不饱和单体为乙烯基氰类单体。
所述乙烯基氰类单体为丙烯腈。
所述引发剂为过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾按照质量比为1:1.5复配而成。
所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在80-100μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液喷雾干燥成粉末。
一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,采用上述的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法制得。
所述聚四氟乙烯共混物为表面粘附有聚合物树脂的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
实施例4
一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(S1)、按重量份将4份乳化剂、55份水和20份不饱和单体在200r/min转速下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(S2)、将步骤(S1)得到的混合液升温至70℃,然后加入0.1份引发剂搅拌2.5h,得到聚合物树脂乳液;
(S3)、取90重量份水、80重量份悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末以及65固体重量份所述聚合物树脂乳液混合,在65℃温度下搅拌3h,得到混合乳液;
(S4)、将步骤(S3)得到的混合乳液粉体化处理,制得聚四氟乙烯共混物。
所述乳化剂为阴离子乳化剂。
所述阴离子乳化剂为N-酰基牛磺酸和磺基琥珀酸单烷基酯按重量比1:1混合而成。
所述不饱和单体为苯乙烯类单体、乙烯基氰类单体和二烯类单体按重量比4:3:3混合而成。
所述苯乙烯类单体为苯乙烯;
所述乙烯基氰类单体为丙烯腈;
所述二烯类单体为丁二烯。
所述引发剂为叔丁基过氧化氢-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系。
所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在30-50μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液加入到浓度为8wt%的凝聚剂溶液中,然后依次经离心、分离、洗涤和烘干处理成粉末。
所述凝聚剂溶液为硫酸铝溶液;所述凝聚剂溶液的重量与混合乳液的重量之比为30:2。
一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,采用上述的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法制得。
所述聚四氟乙烯共混物为表面粘附有聚合物树脂的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
实施例5
一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(S1)、按重量份将3份乳化剂、45份水和30份不饱和单体在280r/min转速下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(S2)、将步骤(S1)得到的混合液升温至65℃,然后加入0.8份引发剂搅拌2h,得到聚合物树脂乳液;
(S3)、取95重量份水、45重量份悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末以及20固体重量份所述聚合物树脂乳液混合,在45℃温度下搅拌1h,得到混合乳液;
(S4)、将步骤(S3)得到的混合乳液粉体化处理,制得聚四氟乙烯共混物。
所述乳化剂为非离子乳化剂。
所述非离子乳化剂为聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和丙二醇脂肪酸酯按重量比5:1混合而成。
所述不饱和单体为乙烯基羧酸酯类单体和二烯类单体按重量比3:1。
所述乙烯基羧酸酯类单体为丁酸乙烯酯;
所述二烯类单体为丁二烯和异戊二烯等重量比混合。
所述引发剂为过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾按照质量比为1:0.8复配而成。
所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在50-70μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液加入到浓度为15wt%的凝聚剂溶液中,然后依次经离心、分离、洗涤和烘干处理成粉末。
所述凝聚剂溶液为硫酸镁溶液;所述凝聚剂溶液的重量与混合乳液的重量之比为20:1。
一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,采用上述的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法制得。
所述聚四氟乙烯共混物为表面粘附有聚合物树脂的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
实施例6
一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(S1)、按重量份将2份乳化剂、45份水和25份不饱和单体在180r/min转速下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(S2)、将步骤(S1)得到的混合液升温至65℃,然后加入0.3份引发剂搅拌4h,得到聚合物树脂乳液;
(S3)、取120重量份水、35重量份悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末以及10固体重量份所述聚合物树脂乳液混合,在55℃温度下搅拌1h,得到混合乳液;
(S4)、将步骤(S3)得到的混合乳液粉体化处理,制得聚四氟乙烯共混物。
所述乳化剂为阴离子乳化剂和非离子乳化剂按重量比2:2混合而成。
所述阴离子乳化剂为N-酰基牛磺酸、烷基苯磺酸酯和烷基二苯基醚二磺酸酯按重量比1:2:1混合而成;
所述非离子乳化剂为甘油单酸硬脂酸酯和丙二醇脂肪酸酯按重量比1:1混合而成。
所述不饱和单体为丙烯酸酯类单体和烯类单体按重量比3:1混合而成。
所述丙烯酸酯类单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯按重量比1:1混合而成;
所述烯类单体为丙烯和异丁烯按重量比2:1混合而成。
所述引发剂为过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾按照质量比为1:1.2复配而成。
所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在60-80μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液加入到浓度为2wt%的凝聚剂溶液中,然后依次经离心、分离、洗涤和烘干处理成粉末。
所述凝聚剂溶液为氯化钙溶液;所述凝聚剂溶液的重量与混合乳液的重量之比为25:1。
一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,采用上述的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法制得。
所述聚四氟乙烯共混物为表面粘附有聚合物树脂的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
对比例1
一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,其为聚苯乙烯包覆聚四氟乙烯的粉体。
实施例7
(I)、取实施例1制得的聚四氟乙烯共混物,采用SEM对聚四氟乙烯共混物扫描成像,得到该聚四氟乙烯共混物的SEM形貌图(如图1所示)。
由图1可以看出,大颗粒物(聚四氟乙烯颗粒)的表面粗糙甚至有微粒(聚合物树脂)粘附在其表面,类似于汤圆的表面裹了一层干糯米粉,即该聚四氟乙烯共混物借助聚合物树脂将聚四氟乙烯颗粒相互隔离开来,防止聚四氟乙烯颗粒相互粘合、团聚。
(II)、取实施例1-6和对比例1制得的聚四氟乙烯共混物,将聚四氟乙烯共混物用于制备阻燃改性PBT材料,并测试阻燃改性PBT材料的拉伸强度、抗冲击性和阻燃性。
测试方法如下:
拉伸强度测试:采用ISO 527标准,采用1A哑铃型试样进行测试,测试速度50mm/min。
抗冲击性测试:采用ISO 179-1eA标准简支梁,常温条件23±2℃下测试。
阻燃性测试:采用UL-94标准,试样厚度为1.6mm。
所述阻燃改性PBT材料采用如下重量份的原料制备:
Figure BDA0002211476090000141
所述阻燃改性ABS材料由如下步骤制得:按上述重量份将聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、无卤阻燃剂OP1312、聚四氟乙烯防滴落剂、乙撑双硬脂酰胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝POE、抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168送入双螺杆造粒机中熔融、挤出、造粒,得到阻燃改性ABS材料,其中,双螺杆造粒机的各区温度设定为:一区温度195-205℃、二区温度205-215℃、三区温度215-225℃、四区温度215-225℃、五区温度215-225℃、六区温度215-225℃、七区温度210-220℃、八区温度205-215℃、机头温度225-235℃。
测试结果如下表1所示:
表1
由上表1可知,与对比例1相比,实施例1-6制得的聚四氟乙烯共混物,既具有包覆型防滴落剂的特性,解决聚四氟乙烯与其他材料分散性差、相容性差的问题,避免该聚四氟乙烯共混物加入阻燃改性PBT材料中发生团聚,保持阻燃改性PBT材料较高的拉伸强度和抗冲击强度,又避免了现有包覆型防滴落剂自身使用聚四氟乙烯乳液制备导致污染大、成本高、效率低的问题。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实现方案,除此之外,本发明还可以其它方式实现,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下任何显而易见的替换均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(S1)、按重量份将1-5份乳化剂、30-60份水和15-30份不饱和单体在100-300r/min转速下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(S2)、将步骤(S1)得到的混合液升温至50-80℃,然后加入0.05-1份引发剂搅拌2-4h,得到聚合物树脂乳液;
(S3)、取80-120重量份水、5-95重量份悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末以及5-95固体重量份所述聚合物树脂乳液混合,在30-80℃温度下搅拌1-3h,得到混合乳液;
(S4)、将步骤(S3)得到的混合乳液粉体化处理,制得聚四氟乙烯共混物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,其特征在于:所述乳化剂为阴离子乳化剂和/或非离子乳化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,其特征在于:所述阴离子乳化剂为烷基硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、脂肪酸盐、硫酸烷基氢酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸氢酯、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚硫酸氢酯、N-酰基牛磺酸、烷基苯磺酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚磺酸酯、α-烯烃磺酸酯、烷基萘磺酸酯、烷基二苯基醚二磺酸酯、磺基琥珀酸二烷基酯、磺基琥珀酸单烷基酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚酯、N-酰基氨基酸盐和烷基磷酸酯中的至少一种;
所述非离子乳化剂为异构醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸甲酯聚氧乙烯醚、三甲基壬醇聚氧乙烯醚、甘油单酸硬脂酸酯、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸醋、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、丙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬化蓖麻油脂肪酸酯和聚氧乙烯改性的有机聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,其特征在于:所述不饱和单体为苯乙烯类单体、丙烯酸酯类单体、乙烯基氰类单体、乙烯基醚类单体、乙烯基羧酸酯类单体、烯类单体、二烯类单体中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,其特征在于:所述苯乙烯类单体为苯乙烯、对-甲基苯乙烯、邻-甲基苯乙烯、对-氯苯乙烯、邻-氯苯乙烯、对-甲氧基苯乙烯、邻-甲氧基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯中的至少一种;
所述丙烯酸酯类单体为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸十二烷酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯、丙烯酸环己酯和甲基丙烯酸环己酯中的至少一种;
所述乙烯基氰类单体为丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈;
所述乙烯基醚类单体为乙烯基甲基醚和/或乙烯基乙基醚;
所述乙烯基羧酸酯类单体为醋酸乙烯酯和/或丁酸乙烯酯;
所述烯类单体为乙烯、丙烯和异丁烯中的至少一种;
所述二烯类单体为丁二烯、异戊二烯、戊二烯和二甲基丁二烯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,其特征在于:所述引发剂为过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾和叔丁基过氧化氢-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,其特征在于:所述悬浮法聚四氟乙烯树脂粉末为粒径分布在20-100μm之间的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(S4)中,粉体化处理的方式为将所述混合乳液喷雾干燥成粉末;或将所述混合乳液加入到浓度为2-15wt%的凝聚剂溶液中,然后依次经离心、分离、洗涤和烘干处理成粉末。
9.一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,其特征在于:采用如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的高效环保低成本制备聚四氟乙烯共混物的方法制得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种聚四氟乙烯共混物,其特征在于:所述聚四氟乙烯共混物为表面粘附有聚合物树脂的聚四氟乙烯颗粒。
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