CN110651888A - 猪血发酵物的制造方法以及利用上述发酵物的抗菌组合物及养鸡饲料组合物 - Google Patents
猪血发酵物的制造方法以及利用上述发酵物的抗菌组合物及养鸡饲料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110651888A CN110651888A CN201911058096.6A CN201911058096A CN110651888A CN 110651888 A CN110651888 A CN 110651888A CN 201911058096 A CN201911058096 A CN 201911058096A CN 110651888 A CN110651888 A CN 110651888A
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Abstract
本发明公开一种具有抗菌效果且具有阳极产蛋增加效果以及体重增加效果的猪血发酵物的制造方法以及利用上述发酵物的抗菌组合物以及养鸡饲料组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种猪血发酵物的制造方法以及利用上述发酵物的抗菌组合物及养鸡饲料组合物。
背景技术
随着韩国国民生活水平的提升以及收入的增加,肉类消费随之增加且韩国国内的牛和猪的牲畜宰杀数量也随之增多。直至2000年代初期,血液副产物的人气仍然较高,因此报价中会包含血液副产物的价格,但是随着饮食文化的变化,约一半左右的血液无法得到再利用而直接进行废弃处理。
因为血液中的大部分成分是由蛋白质性有机物质构成,因此会快速腐败并导致恶臭的产生,通常为了对1吨动物血液进行处理而需要耗费5吨的清水,以2015年为基准,每吨的处理成本约为41万韩元,有报告指出,在韩国国内每年需要耗费约250亿韩元的处理成本。
因此,如果能够卫生地对牲畜宰杀血液进行回收、分类以及再利用,将有望节省污水处理成本并减少环境污染。尤其是从2013年开始,因为伦敦倾废公约的发酵,牲畜宰杀血液的海洋投弃被全面禁止,因此更急需开发出一种再利用技术。
通过名为“利用动物血液的液肥制造方法”的韩国注册专利第1012648760000号、名为“利用家畜血液的氨基酸制造方法以及利用上述氨基酸的有机质肥料制造方法”的韩国注册专利第1011003290000号等可以确认,目前正在积极开展利用牲畜宰杀血液制造饲料或肥料的再利用相关研究。
本发明公开一种利用猪屠宰血液发酵物制作抗菌剂以及养鸡饲料的再利用技术等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种猪血发酵物的制造方法以及利用上述发酵物的抗菌组合物及养鸡饲料组合物。
本发明的其他目的或具体目的将通过下述内容得到进一步公开。
在一方面,本发明涉及一种猪血发酵物的制造方法。
适用本发明的制造方法的特征在于,包括:(a)制备猪血的步骤;以及,(b)在向猪血接种植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、敏捷乳杆菌(Lactobacillus agilis)、消化乳杆菌(Lactobacillus alimentarius)、发酵乳杆菌(Latobacillus fermentum)或发酵乳杆菌与酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)的混合菌株之后进行培养发酵的步骤。
在适用本发明的方法中,因为猪血的主要成分为蛋白质,因此为了在保管血液时防止血液发生凝固并顺利地完成发酵,能够向血液添加血液抗凝剂。作为血液抗凝剂,能够使用如枸橼酸钠、酸性枸橼酸盐葡萄糖(ACD,acid citrate dextrose)、枸橼酸盐磷酸盐葡萄糖(CPD,citrate phosphate dextrose)、枸橼酸盐磷酸盐葡萄糖腺嘌呤(CPDA-1,CPDadenine-1)等本行业公知的任意物质,能够以2~15%(v/v)的范围添加使用。
此外,在适用本发明的方法中,上述猪血在发酵前利用蛋白水解酶进行水解为宜。如上所述的水解的目的在于防止血液的凝固并顺利地完成发酵,能够利用任意的蛋白水解酶在最佳的活性条件下进行充分时间的水解。作为蛋白水解酶,能够使用如胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、NeutraseTM、ProtamexTM、AlcalaseTM、ProviaTM等,相应的酶活性的最佳温度条件能够是如胃蛋白酶为37℃、胰蛋白酶为25℃、菠萝蛋白酶为45℃、Neutrase和Protamex为50℃、Alcalase为60℃,水解时间能够是24~72小时的范围内。上述水解酶通常能够以猪血的1~3%(w/v)的范围添加使用。
此外,在适用本发明的方法中,能够为了顺利地完成发酵而向猪血或在猪血被水解的情况下向其水解物添加碳源。作为碳源,能够使用本行业公知的任意碳源,例如能够使用如低聚糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、砂糖、糖浆以及右旋糖等。考虑到如发酵时间、发酵程度等,能够在0.1%(w/v)至10%(w/v)的范围内添加上述水解物。
此外,在适用本发明的方法中,发酵温度能够是在15℃至45℃的范围内。考虑到发酵时间,是在30℃以上为宜。
此外,在适用本发明的方法中,发酵时间即接种之后的发酵菌株的培养时间是在3天以上为宜。这是因为如下述的实施例所述,当发酵时间为3天以上时发酵菌株能够达到稳定期状态且pH能够稳定地维持在4.0。因为血液试料的主要成分为蛋白质,因此即使是在常温条件下放置1~2天也会快速腐败,但是当pH为4.0时能够在室温条件下长期保管约12个月左右。
此外,在适用本发明的方法中,参考如下所述的实施例,使用水解的猪血且使用混合菌株、作为碳源使用6%的砂糖、发酵温度设置为30℃且进行6天的发酵为宜。通过如上所述的方法获得的猪血发酵物的pH为4.0,能够长期保管,而且在成分分析结果中也没有检测到如铅、水银等重金属且没有检测到任何抗生素等,符合农林畜产食品部告示的“饲料等的基准及标准”。
在另一方面,本发明涉及一种通过如上所述的制造方法获得的猪血发酵物。上述发酵物如后所述,因为对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、肺炎杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)以及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)具有抗菌活性而能够有效地作为抗菌组合物使用,而且因为具有养鸡产蛋增加效果以及养鸡体重增加效果而能够有效地作为养鸡饲料的添加剂使用。
适用本发明的猪血发酵物,能够以发酵原液本身的形态或通过对上述发酵原液的冻结干燥、减压浓缩、真空干燥、喷雾干燥、热风干燥而进行浓缩的液状或粉末状的形态使用。在对发酵物中所需要的有用成分进行浓缩使用时,也能够以对发酵物进行提取的提取物形态使用。提取物是指利用如水、甲醇,乙醇,丁醇等碳原子数为1至4的低级醇、二氯甲烷、乙烯、丙酮、己烷、乙醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、1,3-丁二醇、丙二醇或上述之混合溶剂对上述发酵物(发酵原液或浓缩物)进行浸出而获得的提取物、利用如二氧化碳、戊烷等超临界提取溶剂获得的提取物或对上述提取物进行分馏而获得的分馏物,作为提取方法能够在考虑到被提取物质的极性、提取程度、保存程度等的情况下适用如冷浸、对流、加温、超声波放射、超临界提取等任意的方式。作为提取物,也能够以粗抽提液本身的形态或通过对上述粗抽提液的冻结干燥、减压浓缩、真空干燥、喷雾干燥、热风干燥而进行浓缩的液状或粉末状的形态使用。
在又一方面,本发明涉及一种作为有效成分包含如上所述的猪血发酵物的抗菌组合物。
在下述的实施例中,呈现出猪血发酵物对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、肺炎杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa)以及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)具有抗菌活性。
适用本发明的抗菌用组合物在以上述组合物的整体重量为基准时,能够根据适用本发明的抗菌用组合物被具体化的产品形态,作为有效成分以0.0001重量%至20重量%,较佳地以0.1重量%至10重量%的范围的上述发酵物。
适用本发明的抗菌组合物在其具体的形态上,能够被定义为是医药外品组合物。
当适用本发明的组合物被制造成医药外品组合物时,适用本发明的组合物中除其有效成分之外还能够包含分散剂以及载体。
作为上述分散剂,能够使用如水、醇类(例如:甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇、丙三醇等)、酮类(例如:丙酮、甲乙酮等)、醚类(例如:二氧六环、四氢呋喃、溶纤剂(Cellosolve)、二甘醇二甲醚等)、脂肪烃(例如:己烷、煤油等)、芳香烃(例如:苯、甲苯、二甲苯、萘、甲基萘)、卤代烃(例如:三氯甲烷、四氯化碳等)、酰胺(例如:二甲基甲酰胺等)、酯类(例如:乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、脂肪酸甘油酯等)、腈类(例如:乙腈等)、表面活性剂(高级醇、硫酸酯、烷基磺酸、烷基烯丙基磺酸、4级铵盐、烷氧基胺、脂肪酸酯、聚环氧烷化合物、脱水山梨糖醇化合物)等,而上述分散剂能够单独或以2种以上的混合物包含于适用本发明的抗菌用组合物中。
作为上述载体,能够使用如粘土(例如:高岭土、膨润土、酸性粘土等)、滑石(例如:滑石粉、蜡石粉等)、硅土(例如:硅藻土、无水硅酸盐、云母粉等)、矾土、硫粉、活性炭等,而上述载体也能够单独或以2种以上的混合物包含于适用本发明的抗菌用组合物中。
当适用本发明的组合物被制造成医药外品组合物时,在其法律上以及功能上的分类中能够采用符合制造、流通当时的现行法规的任意产品类型。具体来讲,能够以被吸收或涂布到卫生巾、口罩、口气清新剂、牙膏、护垫、湿巾、无菌棉棒、无菌手套等的方式制造,而当作为动物用医药外品进行制造时,能够被制造成消毒剂、杀菌剂、清洗剂等。
适用本发明的抗菌组合物在其另一个具体的形态上,能够被定义为是作为防腐用途添加其抗菌有效成分的食品组合物。
适用本发明的食品组合物能够被制造成任意形态,例如能够被制造成如茶,果汁,碳酸饮料,电解质饮料等饮料类、如牛奶,酸奶等加工乳类、如口香糖,年糕,韩式糕点,面包,饼干,面条等食品类、如片剂,胶囊,丸,颗粒,液状,粉末,片状,糊状,糖浆,凝胶,果冻,棒等健康功能食品制剂类等。
此外,适用本发明的食品,在其法律上以及功能上的分类中能够采用符合制造、流通当时的现行法规的任意产品类型。例如,能够是符合韩国“健康功能食品相关法律”的健康功能食品,也能够是符合韩国“食品卫生法”的食品公典(食药处告示的“食品标准及规格”)上的各个食品类型的饼干类、豆类、茶类、饮料类、特殊用途食品等。
适用本发明的食品组合物中除其有效成分之外还能够包含食品添加剂。食品添加剂通常能够理解为是为了对食品进行制造、加工或保存而添加到食品上进行混合或者浸润的物质,因为会与食品一起每天且长时间地摄取,因此应能够保障其安全性。在用于对食品的制造、流通进行规定的各国法律(在韩国为“食品卫生法”)的食品添加剂公典中,在成分方面或功能方面对能够保障其安全性的食品添加剂做出了限制性规定。在韩国食品添加剂公典(食药处告示的“食品添加剂标准及规格”)中,将食品添加剂在成分方面的分类规定为化学合成品、天然添加剂以及混合制剂类,并将上述食品添加剂在功能方面的分类规定为甜味剂、调味剂、保鲜剂、乳化剂、酸味剂、增稠剂等。
甜味剂的作用在于为食品赋予适当的甜味,在适用本发明的组合物中能够使用天然或合成的甜味剂。较佳地,使用天然甜味剂为宜,而作为天然甜味剂,能够使用如玉米糖浆固态物、蜂蜜、蔗糖、果糖、乳糖、麦芽糖等甜味剂。
调味剂的作用在于改善味道或者香气,能够使用天然或合成的调味剂。较佳地,使用天然调味剂为宜。当使用天然调味剂时,除了改善风味之外还能够达成营养强化的目的。作为天然调味剂,能够使用从如苹果、柠檬、柑橘、葡萄、草莓、桃子等提取的调味剂或从如绿茶叶、玉竹、竹叶、桂皮、菊花叶、茉莉花等提取的调味剂。此外,还能够使用从如人参(红参)、竹笋、芦荟汁、银杏等提取的调味剂。天然调味剂能够是液状的浓缩液或固态状的提取物。在一部分情况下,能够使用合成调味剂,而作为合成调味剂,能够使用如酯、醇、醛或萜烯等。
作为保鲜剂,能够使用如、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钙、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)等,而作为乳化剂,能够使用如阿拉伯胶、羧甲基纤维素、黄原胶、果胶等,作为酸味剂,枸橼酸、苹果酸、富马酸、己二酸、磷酸、葡萄糖酸、酒石酸、抗坏血酸、乙酸等。酸味剂除了改善味道的目的之外,还能够以抑制微生物增殖的目的添加到食品组合物中直至达到适当的酸度。
作为增稠剂,能够使用如悬浮剂、沉降剂、凝胶成型剂、膨化剂等。
适用本发明的食品组合物除了如上所述的食品添加剂之外,还能够以补充、强化功能性以及营养性的目的包含本行业公知且可以保障其作为食品添加剂的稳定性的生理活性物质或矿物质类。
作为如上所述的生理活性物质,能够使用如包含于绿茶等的儿茶素、如维生素B1,维生素C,维生素E,维生素B12等维生素类、生育酚、二苯酰硫胺素等,而作为矿物质类,能够使用如枸橼酸钙等钙制剂、如硬脂酸镁等镁制剂、如枸橼酸铁等铁制剂、氯化铬、碘化钾、硒、锗、钒、锌等。
在适用本发明的食品组合物中,能够根据产品类型添加可以达成其添加目的的适量的上述食品添加剂。
关于能够包含于适用本发明的食品组合物中的其他食品添加剂,请参考各个国家的食品公典或食品添加剂公典。
适用本发明的抗菌组合物在其又一个具体的形态上,能够被定义为是作为防腐用途添加其抗菌有效成分的药剂学组合物,或被定义为是作为上述抗菌对象微生物所导致的疾病的预防或治疗用途使用其有效成分的药剂学组合物(即,抗生素组合物)。其中,上述抗菌有效成分的抗菌对象微生物所导致的疾病,能够包括如金黄色葡萄球菌所导致的皮肤中毒,皮肤化脓,中耳炎,膀胱炎等、肺炎杆菌所导致的肺炎等、绿脓杆菌所导致的心内膜炎,肺炎,脑膜炎等、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌所导致的食物中毒等。
适用本发明的药剂学组合物中除其有效成分之外还能够包含药剂学所容许的载体,并利用本行业公知的一般方法,根据给药路径制造成口服剂型或非口服剂型。其中,给药路径能够是包括局部路径、经口路径、静脉内路径、肌肉内路径以及通过粘膜组织的直接吸收在内的任意的适当路径,也能够组合使用两种以上的路径。作为组合使用两种以上的路径的实例即对不同给药路径的两种以上剂型的药物进行组合使用的情况,包括如第1次将某一种药物通过静脉内路径进行给药且第2次将其他药物通过局部路径进行给药的情况。
在不同的给药路径或剂型中,药学所容许的载体属于本行业所周知的事项,具体请参阅包括“大韩民国药典”在内的各个国家的药典。
当适用本发明的药剂学组合物被制造成口服剂型时,能够与适当的载体一起利用本行业公知的方法制造成如粉末、颗粒、片剂、丸剂、糖衣片剂、胶囊剂、液态剂、凝胶剂、糖浆剂、悬浊液、薄片等剂型。此时,作为适当的载体的实例,能够包括如乳糖,葡萄糖,蔗糖,右旋糖,山梨糖醇,甘露糖醇,木糖醇等糖类、如玉米淀粉,土豆淀粉,小麦淀粉等淀粉类、如纤维素,甲基纤维素,乙基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠,羟丙基甲基纤维素等纤维素类、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、硬脂酸镁、矿物油、麦芽、明胶、滑石粉、多元醇、植物油、乙醇、丙三醇等。当进行制剂化时,能够根据需要包含适当的结合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、着色剂、稀释剂等。作为适当的结合剂,能够使用如淀粉、硅酸镁铝、淀粉糊、明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、葡萄糖、玉米甜味剂、海藻酸钠、聚乙二醇、蜡等,作为润滑剂,能够使用如油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠、二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸或其镁盐和钙盐、聚乙二醇等,而作为崩解剂,能够使用如淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂(agar)、膨润土、黄原胶、淀粉、海藻酸或其钠盐等。此外,作为稀释剂,能够使用如乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、纤维素、甘氨酸等。
当适用本发明的药剂学组合物被制造成非口服剂型时,能够与适当的载体一起利用本行业公知的方法以如注射剂、经皮给药剂、鼻腔吸收剂以及栓剂等形态进行制剂化。作为以注射剂的形态进行制剂化时的适当的载体,能够使用如水性等渗溶液或悬浊液,具体来讲能够使用如包含三乙醇胺的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,phosphate buffered saline)或注射用灭菌水、5%右旋糖等等渗溶液。当以经皮给药剂的形态进行制剂化时,能够以软膏剂、霜剂、乳剂、凝胶剂、外用液剂、粉剂、搽剂、气雾剂等形态进行制剂化。当以鼻腔吸入剂的形态进行制剂化时,能够利用如二氯氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳等适当的推进剂以气雾喷雾剂的形态进行制剂化,而当以栓剂的形态进行制剂化时,作为其载体能够使用如威泰索尓(Witepsol)、吐温(Tween)61、聚乙二醇类、可可脂、月桂酸甘油酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯类、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯类、脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯类等。
药剂学组合物的具体的制剂化方法属于本行业所公知的事项,能够参考如文献【雷明顿药物科学(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences)(1995年第19版)】等。上述文献将被视为本说明书的一部分。
适用本发明的药剂学组合物的较佳给药量,根据患者的状态、体重、性别、年龄、患者的严重程度以及给药路径,能够是每天0.001mg/kg~10g/kg范围,较佳地能够是每天0.001mg/kg~1g/kg范围。给药能够以每天一次或多次的方式执行。无论从哪一个方面,如上所述的给药量均不应该被解释为是对本发明的范围作出的限定。
适用本发明的组合物在其又一个具体的形态上,能够被定义为是作为防腐用途添加其有效成分或作为上述有效成分的抗菌对象微生物所导致的皮肤问题的缓解用途使用其有效成分的化妆品组合物。上述皮肤问题,能够包括金黄色葡萄球菌所导致的皮肤化脓、浓疮等。
当适用本发明的组合物被定义为是化妆品组合物时,上述化妆品组合物同样能够在其用途上、法律上的分类中采用任意产品类型,具体来讲能够是具备皮肤问题改善等用途的功能性化妆品、非功能性一般化妆品等。在产品形态方面也能够采用任意的产品形态,具体来讲能够采用如溶液、悬浊液、乳浊液、糊剂、凝胶剂、霜剂、乳剂、粉末、香皂、含表面活性剂的洁面剂、油剂、粉末基材、乳浊液基材、蜡基材、喷雾剂等产品形态。在具体的产品形态方面,能够是如柔肤化妆水、营养化妆水、营养霜、按摩霜、精华液、眼霜、洁面霜、洁面泡沫、洁面水、面膜、喷雾剂或粉末剂型等。
适用本发明的化妆品组合物中除其有效成分之外还能够包含在化妆品组合物中普遍使用的成分,如稳定剂、增溶剂、表面活性剂、维生素、色素以及香料等一般的辅助剂以及载体。
当本发明的剂型为糊剂、霜剂或凝胶剂时,作为载体成分,能够使用如动物油、植物油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅树脂、膨润土、二氧化硅、滑石粉或氧化锌等。
当本发明的剂型为粉末或喷雾剂时,作为载体成分,能够使用乳糖、滑石粉、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙或聚酰胺粉末,尤其是当剂型为喷雾剂时,还能够追加包含如氯氟烃、丙烷/丁烷或二甲醚等推进剂。
当本发明的剂型为溶液或乳浊液时,作为载体成分,能够使用如溶剂、增溶剂或乳浊化剂,具体来讲能够使用如水、乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁基乙二醇油、甘油脂族酯、聚乙二醇、脱水山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯等。
当本发明的剂型为悬浊液时,作为载体成分,能够使用如水,乙醇或聚乙二醇等液状的稀释剂、如乙氧基化异硬脂醇,聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酯,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯等悬浊剂、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝(Aluminium metahydroxide)、膨润土、琼脂等。
当本发明的剂型为含表面活性剂的洁面剂时,作为载体成分,能够使用如脂肪醇硫酸盐、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐、磺基琥珀酸单酯、羟乙基磺酸盐、咪唑啉衍生物、甲基牛磺酸酯、肌氨酸盐、脂肪酸酰胺醚硫酸盐、烷基酰胺甜菜碱、脂肪醇、脂肪酸甘油酯、脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺、植物油、羊毛脂衍生物或乙氧基化甘油脂肪酸酯等。
适用本发明的化妆品组合物除包含其有效成分之外,其他均能够按照本行业通常采用的化妆品组合物的制造方法进行制造。
本发明在其又一个具体的形态上,能够被定义为是作为防腐用途或作为抗生素用途添加其有效成分的家畜或养殖鱼类的饲料组合物。
适用本发明的饲料组合物中除其有效成分之外还能够包含家畜或养殖鱼类的生长所必须的饲料的一般成分。作为上述成分,能够包含对家畜或养殖鱼类的生长起到帮助作用的成分,例如含淀粉物质、含蛋白质物质、含脂肪物质、含维生素物质、含无机物物质等。
上述含淀粉物质,通常能够从玉米、大豆、小麦、高粱、大麦、燕麦等获得。作为适当的含淀粉物质,能够使用玉米粉碎物/粉末、燕麦粉碎物/粉末、大豆粉碎物/粉末、小麦粉碎物/粉末。作为较佳的适当的含淀粉物质,能够使用燕麦粉末/粉碎物、玉米粉末/粉碎物、小麦粉末/粉碎物、大豆粉末/粉碎物等。
只要能够为饲养鸡的生长起到帮助作用,包含于适用本发明的饲料组合物中的上述含淀粉物质的含量并不限定于特定的范围之内。通常,包含于适用本发明的饲料组合物中的含淀粉物质的含量能够是在约30至约80重量%,较佳地能够实在40至70重量%,最较佳地能够是在50至70重量%的范围之内。
作为含蛋白质物质,通常能够使用如鱼粉、大豆粉等含蛋白质物质,其他还能够使用如大豆蛋白浓缩物、血粉、血浆蛋白质、脱脂乳干体物质、乳蛋白质浓缩物、玉米谷蛋白(Gluten)粉末、小麦谷蛋白粉末、酵母、葵花籽粉末等。作为较佳的含蛋白质物质,能够使用鱼粉、血粉、血浆蛋白质、大豆粉末等。
只要能够为家畜或养殖鱼类的生长起到帮助作用,包含于适用本发明的饲料组合物中的含蛋白质物质的含量并不重要。通常,包含于适用本发明的饲料组合物中的含蛋白质物质的含量能够是在约10至约50重量%,较佳地能够实在15至40重量%,最较佳地能够是在18至30重量%的范围之内。
适用本发明的饲料组合物中还能够包含含脂肪物质。作为适当的含脂肪物质,能够使用如猪油、牛油、豆油、卵磷脂、椰子油等,但是并不限定于此。作为较佳的含脂肪物质,能够使用豆油、椰子油以及猪油等。
只要能够为家畜或养殖鱼类的生长起到帮助作用,包含于适用本发明的饲料组合物中的含脂肪物质的含量并不重要。通常,包含于适用本发明的饲料组合物中的含脂肪物质的含量能够是在约2至约20重量%,较佳地能够实在4至15重量%,最较佳地能够是在6至12重量%的范围之内。
适用本发明的饲料组合物还能够包含水溶性、脂溶性微生物以及无机物。作为适当的维生素,能够使用维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、核黄素、泛酸(PantothenicAcid)、烟酸、维生素B12、叶酸、生物素、维生素C等。作为适当的无机物,能够使用铜、锌、碘、硒、锰、铁、钴等。
通常,当适用本发明的饲料组合物中包含维生素或无机物时,能够以上述适用本发明的饲料组合物的总重量为基准包含约0.0001至约5重量%。
在又一方面,本发明涉及一种作为有效成分包含如上所述的猪血发酵物的产蛋增加用养鸡饲料组合物或体重增加用饲料组合物。
在下述实施例中,当将猪血发酵物添加到饲料中喂食饲养鸡时能够呈现出产蛋增加效果,具体来讲能够呈现出产蛋重量的增加效果以及产蛋率的增加效果,同时还能够呈现出体重增加效果。而如上所述的效果能够直接转化成养鸡畜产农户的经济利益。
在适用本发明的饲料组合物中,当以饲料组合物的整体重量为基准时,考虑到预期的产蛋增加效果以及体重增加效果,能够以0.1重量%至10重量%的范围包含猪血发酵物。在下述实施例中,发现在将猪血发酵物以1重量%添加到饲料并喂食饲养鸡3个月时的体重增加效果比较明显,借此可以预想如果长时间喂养达12个月以上时可能会出现体重的过度增加并因此导致患病几率的增加,所以在长时间喂食时可以考虑将猪血发酵物以0.5重量%添加到饲料组合物。
适用本发明的饲料组合物中除其有效成分之外还能够包含饲养鸡的生长所必须的饲料的一般成分。作为上述成分,能够包含对饲养鸡的生长起到帮助作用的成分,例如含淀粉物质、含蛋白质物质、含脂肪物质、含维生素物质、含无机物物质等。关于这些物质的具体实例,能够参阅上述的对适用本发明的抗菌组合物的说明。
在又一方面,本发明涉及一种包括利用如上所述的猪血发酵物喂食饲养鸡的步骤的饲养鸡产蛋增加方法或饲养鸡体重增加方法。
在适用本发明的方法中,猪血发酵物的喂食能够通过将猪血发酵物添加到饲料或饮用水中的方式实现。
如上所述,本发明的目的在于提供一种猪血发酵物的制造方法以及利用上述发酵物的抗菌组合物及养鸡饲料组合物。适用本发明的抗菌组合物能够以如医药外品、食品、药品、化妆品、饲料等形态进行产品化,而且在利用适用本发明的猪血发酵物喂食饲养鸡时能够呈现出产蛋增加效果以及体重增加效果。
附图说明
图1以及图2分别对水解的血液试料以及没有水解的血液试料中的发酵菌株的生长特性进行了图示。
图3对不同的碳源添加量下的混合菌株的生长特性进行了图示。
图4对不同的发酵温度下的混合菌株的生长特性进行了图示。
具体实施方式
接下来,将结合实施例对本发明进行说明。但是,本发明的范围并不因为下述的实施例而受到限定。
<实施例>猪血发酵物的制造以及上述发酵物作为养鸡用饲料添加剂的效果试验
1.猪血发酵物的制造
从位于济州岛的屠宰场购入了猪血试料,并在试验之前向上述血液试料投入血液抗凝剂即4%枸橼酸钠溶液10%(v/v)并进行冷冻保管。
在常温下对冷冻保管的血液试料进行解冻并向其添加蛋白水解酶ProviaTM(Novozyme,Co.)1%(w/v),并在酶的最佳活性条件即55℃下进行3小时的水解。
在向没有利用上述蛋白水解酶进行处理的血液试料或利用上述蛋白水解酶进行处理的血液试料作为碳源添加砂糖之后进行混合,接下来将5种发酵菌株即(i)植物乳杆菌KCTC 21004(Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 21004)培养液(2.3×108cell/ml)、(ii)敏捷乳杆菌KCTC 3606(Lactobacillus agilis KCTC 3606)培养液(3.6×108cell/ml)、(iii)消化乳杆菌KCTC 3593(Lactobacillus alimentarius KCTC 3593)培养液(2.6×108cell/ml)、(iv)发酵乳杆菌KACC 15736(Latobacillus fermentum KACC 15736)培养液(1.5×108cell/ml)或(v)发酵乳杆菌KACC15736培养液(1.5×108cell/ml)与酿酒酵母KCTC7083(Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7083)培养液(4.5×107cell/ml)的1:1混合液以6%(v/v)进行混合接种并以50-70rpm进行搅拌培养,从而制造出猪血发酵物。在上述培养液中,乳酸菌培养液是在MRS肉汤培养基中进行制备而酵母菌培养液是在YM肉汤培养基中进行制备。
2.菌数测定
对所制备的培养液试料进行均质化并将其作为原液使用,接下来利用灭菌的生理食盐水(0.85%的NaCl溶液)以10倍梯度对上述原液进行稀释而制备出工作液。在将0.1ml的各个试料接种到Petrifilm培养基并在35℃的孵化箱中进行48小时的培养之后对其菌落数量进行了测定。
3.菌株生长及发酵特性
3.1基于是否经过蛋白水解的生长特性
在经过水解的血液试料以及没有经过水解的血液试料中作为碳源使用6%(w/v)的砂糖并在30℃下进行7天培养的结果分别如图1以及图2所示。
对于经过水解的血液试料,如图1所示,可以发现在所有的发酵菌株上均呈现出了快速的生长效果,且没有发生血液凝固现象。
而对于没有经过水解的血液试料,如图2所示,可以发现在5种发酵微生物上均呈现出了缓慢的生长效果,其中发酵乳杆菌菌株以及发酵乳杆菌菌株与酿酒酵母的混合菌株呈现出了相对较快的生长效果。而且培养液在培养之后的第2天开始出现凝固现象,而在第3天出现了严重的凝固现象。
考虑到如上所述的生长特性,接下来的生长特性调查是以混合菌株作为对象执行。
3.2基于碳源添加量的生长特性
作为血液试料使用了经过水解的血液试料,作为碳源使用了1%、3%、5%、7%或10%的砂糖,培养温度为30℃。发酵时使用了混合菌株。培养5天之后的结果如图3所示。
参阅图3,在糖添加浓度为1%的处理区中,直到培养开始之后的1天为止呈现出了生长效果,但是从第2天开始其生长呈现出了明显的迟滞,而在糖添加浓度为3%的处理区中,直到第3天为止呈现出了较快的生长效果,而接下来的生长仍然呈现出了明显的迟滞。在糖添加浓度为5%以上的处理区中,从培养开始之后呈现出了持续性的生长效果,其中直至第4天呈现出了较快的生长效果。借此,判定为了达成更加经济的发酵效果,糖添加浓度在5~7%的范围之内为宜。
3.3基于发酵温度的生长特性
作为血液试料使用了经过水解的血液试料,作为碳源使用了6%的砂糖,而发酵温度分别为15℃、20℃、30℃或40℃。发酵时使用了混合菌株。培养8天之后的结果如图4所示。
参阅图4,在15℃的处理区中,在整个培养期间内均呈现出了缓慢的生长效果,而且在培养结束时呈现出了最低的生长特性。在20℃的处理区中,同样呈现出了缓慢的生长效果,而且在第4天出现迟滞并进入了稳定期状态。在30℃的处理区中,呈现出了相对较快的生长效果,而且在第4天进入了稳定期并呈现出了108cell/ml的菌数水准。在40℃处理区中,直至第2天为止呈现出了快速的生长效果并达到了108cell/ml的水准,而且从第3天开始呈现出了稳定期状态。即,整体呈现出了生长特性随着温度的升高而增加的倾向,在考虑到经济性以及发酵速度的情况下,判定30℃以上为适当的发酵温度。
3.4在最佳发酵条件下的发酵特性
对在上述所确认的最佳发酵条件即使用经过水解的血液试料、使用混合菌株、作为碳源使用6%砂糖、发酵温度为30℃的条件下进行共计6天发酵的猪血发酵物的特性进行整理的结果如下述表1所示。
通过参阅下述表1可以判定,在发酵开始之后的第3天(10月27日),菌数、pH、发酵味以及颜色等方面均达到了发酵结束期,而从第4天开始到第6天菌数有所增加且pH稳定地维持在4.0的状态,呈现出了稳定期状态而非生长期状态。尤其是因为pH稳定地维持在4.0的状态,因此判定能够在室温下进行12个月左右的长期保管。
【表1】
此外,一般成分分析结果如表2所示。参阅图2可以发现,没有检测到如铅、水银等重金属,且没有检测到任何抗生素等。如上所述的结果,符合农林畜产食品部告示的“饲料等的标准及规格”。
【表2】
4.抗菌试验
4.1抗菌试验方法
抗菌试验是按照ASTM E149试验方法执行,其具体信息如下所述。
首先将1ml的各个试料投入到磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer,pH 7.0)并进行混合,接下来向其投入各个试验菌的培养液并调节至2.5×105cfu/ml的浓度。通过将已投入各个试料以及试验菌的磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer)的整体体积调节至50ml而将所投入试料的浓度调节至2%(v/v),接下来取1ml的各个稀释液并涂布到菌培养用薄膜培养基进行24小时的培养。最后,对所培养的薄膜培养基中的试验菌菌数进行了测定。
4.2抗菌试验结果
抗菌试验的结果如下述表3所示。
【表3】
抗菌试验结果
通过上述表3的结果可以发现,发酵血液试料对试验对象的所有细菌均呈现出极高的抗菌活性。作为参考,在未发酵血液试料(在利用枸橼酸钠进行处理之后再利用蛋白分解酶进行水解而获得的未发酵试料)中没有呈现出任何抗菌效果,反而呈现出了上述所有细菌增殖的效果,而且通过肉眼也能够发现发生了严重的腐败现象(数据未揭示)。
5.养鸡场现状评估
5.1试验方法
肉鸡(品种:韩协3号)的体重评估是在2018年11月01日起至2019年03月02日之间执行。
产蛋鸡(品种:Highline Brown,种类:褐色种,褐色蛋)的产蛋率评估是在2019年02月01日起至2019年03月02日之间执行。
作为饲料,使用了由东羊饲料社(京畿道,韩国)生产的产蛋用养鸡饲料和肉机用养鸡饲料(对照区)以及向其添加在上述最佳发酵条件下获得的猪血发酵物的冻结干燥粉末1%(w/w)的饲料(处理区)。
在试验期间内采用了自由喂食饲料的方式,并利用自动供水机采用了自由饮用水的方式。
5.2试验结果
肉鸡的体重评估结果如下述表4所示,而产蛋鸡的产蛋率等的评估结果如下述表5所示。
参阅表4可以确认,在试验期间内对照区的体重增加率为6.9%,而与其相比在处理区中则呈现出了13.3%的明显的体重增加。
而且参阅表5可以确认,在试验期间内产蛋数以及产蛋率明显增加。
【表4】
【表5】
·a,b,ab:T-Test,P<0.05
·*,**:T-Test,P<0.05
·+,++:T-Test,P<0.05。
Claims (15)
1.一种猪血发酵物的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:
(a)制备猪血的步骤;以及,
(b)在向猪血接种植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、敏捷乳杆菌(Lactobacillus agilis)、消化乳杆菌(Lactobacillus alimentarius)、发酵乳杆菌(Latobacillus fermentum)或发酵乳杆菌与酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)的混合菌株之后进行培养发酵的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
上述猪血为添加了血液抗凝剂的猪血,
在上述步骤(a)之后步骤(b)之前还包括利用蛋白水解酶对上述猪血进行水解的步骤,因此上述发酵菌株的接种是对利用蛋白水解酶进行水解的猪血执行。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:
向上述经过水解的猪血添加5至7重量%的碳源,
上述培养是在30℃至45℃的范围内执行。
4.利用根据权利要求1至权利要求3中的某一项中所述的方法获得的猪血发酵物。
5.作为有效成分包含根据权利要求4所述的猪血发酵物的抗菌用组合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于:
上述抗菌活性是对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、肺炎杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)以及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)的抗菌活性。
7.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于:
上述组合物为医药外品组合物。
8.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于:
上述组合物为药剂学组合物。
9.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于:
上述组合物为化妆品组合物。
10.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于:
上述组合物为食品组合物。
11.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于:
上述组合物为饲料组合物。
12.作为有效成分包含根据权利要求4所述的猪血发酵物的产蛋增加用养鸡饲料组合物。
13.作为有效成分包含根据权利要求4所述的猪血发酵物的体重增加用养鸡饲料组合物。
14.一种养鸡产蛋增加方法,其特征在于,包括:
利用根据权利要求12所述的产蛋增加用养鸡饲料组合物喂食饲养鸡的步骤。
15.一种养鸡体重增加方法,其特征在于,包括:
利用根据权利要求13所述的体重增加用养鸡饲料组合物喂食饲养鸡的步骤。
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