CN1106505C - 轴流式输送机和包含此轴流式输送机的循环反应器 - Google Patents

轴流式输送机和包含此轴流式输送机的循环反应器 Download PDF

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CN1106505C
CN1106505C CN98104102A CN98104102A CN1106505C CN 1106505 C CN1106505 C CN 1106505C CN 98104102 A CN98104102 A CN 98104102A CN 98104102 A CN98104102 A CN 98104102A CN 1106505 C CN1106505 C CN 1106505C
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H·朱达
W·赫梅勒
R·罗瑟
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Abstract

公开了一种轴流式输送机，尤其适用于输送气体/液体分散，其中输送元件包含一位于输送元件的压力边方向上的壁弯曲边。轴流式输送机尤其适用于在循环反应器里作为循环元件。也披露了一包含输送气体/液体分散的工艺过程以及通过使用轴流式输送机，直接反应气体与不完全溶解于液体介质中的气体或任意地存在细碎固体情况下进行化学反应的工艺过程。

Description

轴流式输送机和包含此轴流式输送机的循环反应器
本发明涉及一种轴流式输送机，它尤其适用于液体/气体分散的输送，最好带有自起动气体搅拌器和包含轴流式输送机循环反应器。
轴流式输送机一般包括在管状截面的输送通道内有一倾斜的壁弯曲输送叶片或螺纹的驱动轴。在用轴流式输送机运输过程中和在输送方向上，在叶片或螺纹的上方有一吸出区，下方有一压力区。在输送管(壁面)和叶片或螺纹之间空隙处形成的压力梯度对运输的介质导致回流。在这种情况下运输，由于空隙液体/气体分散，气泡的分离发生，因此，输送容积下降。这个结果通过施加在液体上的角动量的特点被进一步增强，角动量通过螺纹或叶片的旋转与壁的摩擦而制动产生。所以，在壁附近的气泡向着壁的方向分离并且凝聚在壁上。在相对高的气体容量的情况下，这导致了输送容器的破裂。
轴流式输送机因此只适用于气体容量最高达5％体积比的液体/气体分散的输送。
一种用于输送气体/液体分散的轴流式输送机由基本上呈圆柱形的输送管内的输送元件组成，其特征在于输送元件可从下列组中选择，该组为设置在驱动轴上的螺浆，叶片或螺纹，上述输送元件包括一壁弯曲边。还批露了在轴流式输送机上输送气体/液体分散的工艺过程以及直接反应气体与不完全溶解在液体介质里的气体进行化学反应的工艺过程。
图1表示现有技术的一种螺旋输送机。
图2表示本发明的一种轴流式输送机。
图3表示本发明的一种卡普兰螺浆机。
图4表示本发明轴流式输送机的一种变化的实施例。
图5表示一种带有中心流管的循环反应器，本发明的轴流式输送机设置在其中。
图6表示本发明的一种循环反应器，其中附加输送元件作为自起动气体搅拌器。
如果轴流式输送机的输送元件在压力边上包括一壁弯曲边，轴流式输送机非常适用于输送气体/液体分散是公知的。这个边降低了壁空隙处的压力不同。而且，压力的降低受到轴向上此边的延伸的影响，也就是说，压力梯度被降低。在压力边上直接径向向外的流动部分在到达壁空隙之前沿输送方向被偏转，所以借助空隙气泡的分离比较困难。而且，液体的最大角动量在边的内侧，所以对于液体，气泡承受远离壁的力。
因此，本发明提供了一个轴向输送泵，尤其用于输送液体/气体悬浮液，包括设置在驱动轴上的输送元件，它在管状截面的壁内可为螺浆、叶片或螺纹，输送元件在压力边上包含一边。
这个边相对于输送元件直径的相对高度可从0.025到0.25，较好为0.05到0.2，最佳为0.075到0.15。
如果用螺浆或卡普兰螺浆作为输送元件，叶片的数量最好为2到5。螺浆或卡普兰螺浆的定位角为5度到40度。
并且螺浆至少覆盖由它们的外径限定的圆表面的60％，最好达到80％。
螺纹作为输送元件，最好为单头到四头螺纹结构。
螺纹的节距即相对于直径的相对高度最好从0.2到0.9。
根据本发明，如果输送元件的定位角和此边高度与输送横截面、输送介质的气泡成分和粘度相适应，才能得到令人满意的依赖于旋转速度的轴流式输送机的输送容积。
由于被输送介质的准弹性的特点(由于分散气体)，而且，如果在以一定参数限定边界的外面，轴流式输送机向流动的不稳定状态倾斜，尤其向着垂直输送方向的方向倾斜，它在非凝结材料方式下，能导致在轴附近的气泡的凝结，反作用于输送容积。
如果涡流产生于管状截面的轴的附近轴流式输送机的压力边上，这种不稳定可以避免是公知的。这可以通过设置在轴流式输送机的压力边上的附加输送元件来解决，所述的输送元件的横截面占管状截面的1/3到2/3，最好是1/2。附加的输送元件没有别的要求。例如，后者可以是一设置在轴流式输送机的延长轴上的一个简单的直臂搅拌器，并且它的半径范围为管状截面半径的0.55倍到0.82倍，最好为0.7倍。附加输送元件的定位角范围为轴流式输送机输送元件定位角的1.5倍到2.5倍，但不超过75度。
附加输送元件与轴流式输送机的距离最好被设计，以便避免涡流的反作用，涡流通过附加输送元件在管状截面里向前轴向流动而周边回流产生。附加输送元件与轴流式输送机的排出口的距离至少等于管状截面的直径，并且最好为管状截面直径的1.5倍到3倍。
根据本发明的另一实施例，附加输送元件为一气体搅拌器。在这种情况下，轴流式输送机和附加输送元件的共用轴包括一引入输送元件的轴孔，附加输送元件也同样为中空结构。
用于气体起动的气体以一种已知的方式引入轴，最好借助合适的入口元件抽出并且通过提供在附加输送元件周边上的排出孔在液体/气体分散中被扩充。
根据本发明的轴流式输送机尤其适合在循环反应器中作为输送元件，其中与气体反应，或伴随发生在液相的有气体释放的反应，例如在发酵槽中，或者在与不完全溶解于液体介质中的氧气、氢气、氯气或其它气体的直接反应中，或者任意地，固体存在的情形，例如细碎的催化剂(泥状反应)。
图1表示一个目前使用的螺旋输送机包括一圆柱形壁1和设置在其内的轴2，其能被驱动旋转并且其上设置有螺旋3。液体/气体分散以向下方向输送，螺旋下面形成压力区域P，螺旋上面形成抽空区域S。围绕轴的旋转叠加在轴向的输送上。进一步叠在这个螺旋输送运动之上的是滚动运动，用提供有箭头的圆表示，在压力区域P向外输送介质并且在抽空区域S向着轴输送介质。在螺纹3和壁1的空隙里，由于在压力边和抽空边之间存在的压力梯度分散的气泡发生分离。而且，由于旋转作用在液体上的离心力Z定性地显示为半径R的函数。
图2表示根据本发明的一种轴流式运输机，其特征是螺纹3包含在压力边上的周边4。单头螺纹用节距H/d＝0.485和相对长度L/d＝0.75表示。边4的相对高度等于b/d＝0.1。用箭头5表示，在压力边上直接径向向外的流动部分由输送方向上的边4偏转，所以包含在其中的气泡不再被螺纹3上边和下边之间的压力梯度分离，它通过边4降低。
图3表示根据本发明的卡普兰螺浆机带有四个叶片3，定位角α等于30度。叶片3覆盖了输送管1的整个截面(除了相对于壁的空隙之外)。
图4表示根据本发明的轴流式运输机的一个实施例，其中边4构造为围绕叶片3的外圆柱表面形式。
图5表示带有中间流动管11的循环反应器10，其中根据本发明的轴向输送元件12被定位。在循环反应器10中，气体/液体分散如箭头所示方向再循环。中间输送管11由径向导向板13支撑，导向板同时防止由输送机12传递的旋转流。轴流式输送机12包括一在轴14上与所述轴流式输送机刚性连接的附加输送元件15，输送元件15的半径只覆盖了导管11横截面的一部分。
图6表示一循环反应器，其中附加输送元件15作为自起动气体搅拌器，气体介质通过适合输送元件15的中空结构的轴14上的合适的吸出孔17从液体表面19上的气室18抽出，并且通过搅拌器的臂15在液体中扩充，臂15具有中空结构并与抽出孔17相通。而且气体/液体分散的回流受到由板21和22支撑的热交换管20的作用。
在导管11内，安装有流动导引零件(未示出)用来防止气体/液体分散的旋转。
在这个实施例中，通过泵23从分离器26的储存槽24中抽出输送的热交换液体进入热交换管20之间的空间25并且在哪里蒸发而获得热交换。通过连接管27，气体/液体混合物到达分离器26，在此气体与液体分离并从导管28排出。借助蒸发冷却，消耗了大量热量。
虽然出于说明的目的在前面已对本发明作了详细的描述，应该明白这样详细只是为了此目的并且由本领域技术人员能做出的任何变化都不超出本发明的精神和范围，如权利要求的限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种特别用于输送气体/液体分散的轴流式输送机(12)，它包含有装设在处于一基本上圆柱形的输送管(1；11)内的可驱动轴(2)上的形式为螺桨、叶片或螺旋的输送元件(3)，其特征在于，所述输送元件(3)包括一壁弯曲边(4)，该壁弯曲边位于输送元件(3)的压力边方向上，所述壁弯曲边(4)相对于输送管(1；11)直径的高度在0.025至0.25的范围内。
2.如权利要求1所述的轴流式输送机(12)，其特征在于，有一个附加的输送元件(15)设置在输送机(12)的所述轴(2)的压力边上，所述附加输送元件(15)只作用在输送管(1；11)横截面的一部分上。
3.如权利要求2所述的轴流式输送机(12)，其特征在于，所述附加输送元件是一个气体搅拌器。
4.一种用于输送气体/液体分散的工艺，其特征在于，它应用了权利要求1至3中任一项所述的轴流式输送机(12)。
5.一种循环反应器(10)，其特征在于，它包含一个如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的轴流式输送机(12)作为其中间循环元件。
6.一种进行化学反应的工艺，它带有液体中的气体或任意出现的细碎固体中的气体的直接反应，其特征在于，它应用了如权利要求5所述的循环反应器(10)。
CN98104102A 1997-01-31 1998-01-31 轴流式输送机和包含此轴流式输送机的循环反应器 Expired - Lifetime CN1106505C (zh)

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