CN110645216A - 控制三位滑阀的方法 - Google Patents

控制三位滑阀的方法 Download PDF

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CN110645216A
CN110645216A CN201910556438.0A CN201910556438A CN110645216A CN 110645216 A CN110645216 A CN 110645216A CN 201910556438 A CN201910556438 A CN 201910556438A CN 110645216 A CN110645216 A CN 110645216A
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control chamber
slide
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working ports
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CN110645216B (zh
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X·舒博特
X·勒克莱尔
S·厄尼斯
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/042Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/02Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for preventing water-hammer or noise
    • F16K47/023Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for preventing water-hammer or noise for preventing water-hammer, e.g. damping of the valve movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F16K11/07Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0402Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/007Overload
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B2013/0412Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor with three positions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3122Special positions other than the pump port being connected to working ports or the working ports being connected to the return line
    • F15B2211/3127Floating position connecting the working ports and the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/32Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/86Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions
    • F15B2211/863Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions the abnormal condition being a hydraulic or pneumatic failure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种控制液压阀的方法,该液压阀具有供给端口(11)、返回端口(12)和两个工作端口(13、14),以及可运动地安装在缸体中以在两个端部位置(18、19)之间运动的滑动件(16),在其中一个端部位置中,滑动件使供给端口与工作端口中的一个连通并使返回端口与另一个工作端口连通,并且在另一个端部位置中,至少与返回端口连通的其中一个工作端口通过稳定的中央位置(17)与供给端口连通,在中央位置中,阀使返回端口与两个工作端口中的一个连通,缸体限定用于控制滑动件的第一控制腔室和第二控制腔室(20、21),该方法包括:将第一控制腔室(20)置于压力下并使第二控制腔室(21)复原,从而使滑动件运动到极限位置中的一个中;然后将第二控制腔室(21)置于压力下并使第一控制腔室(20)复原,从而使滑动件运动到端部位置中的另一个中;以及在上述两个步骤之间的中间步骤,该中间步骤为将压力施加到被连接以复原的控制腔室(21),使得两个腔室同时维持在压力作用下一段确定的时间(ΔT)。

Description

控制三位滑阀的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对液压控制的液压滑阀进行控制的方法,该液压滑阀具有三个位置,包括稳定的中央位置。
背景技术
文献FR 2 214 051公开了液压滑阀,在此类液压滑阀中,滑动件安装成在缸体中运动并通过对中弹簧而被推向稳定的中央位置。通过将处于压力下的流体递送至相应的控制腔室中,能够使滑动件运动至位于中央位置的任一侧上的端部位置。这些阀具体地用于向致动器的腔室进行供给以操作飞行器起落架,使得起落架在缩回位置与展开位置之间移动,或者实际上用于向致动器的腔室进行供给以操作舱门,所述舱门关闭用于在缩回位置接纳起落架的舱。通常,阀是具有四个端口的类型,这四个端口为供给端口、返回端口以及连接至致动器的腔室的两个工作端口。在端部位置,阀将供给端口连接至其中一个腔室,将返回端口连接至另一个腔室。在中央位置,阀将上述两个腔室连接至返回端口。
在某些供给压力特别高(通常为350巴)的飞行器中,在由致动器控制的运动中改变方向时,已经观察到压力峰值。改变方向意味着滑动件的使先前处于压力下的控制腔室复原,同时使另一个控制腔室置于压力下,以使滑动件从一个端部位置通达至另一个端部位置。在该反转期间,将阀连接到致动器的管道在滑动件通过中央位置的同时连接以复原,从而导致先前加压的管线中的压力突然下降。这些压力峰值当然是由于管道的压力从供给压力突然变为返回压力而导致的。
发明内容
本发明寻求提出一种控制滑阀的方法,该方法能够减小这种压力峰值。
为了实现该目的,提供了一种控制液压阀的方法,该液压阀具有供给端口、返回端口和两个工作端口,以及可运动地安装在缸体中以在两个端部位置之间运动的滑动件,在其中一个端部位置中,滑动件使供给端口与工作端口中的一个连通并使返回端口与另一个工作端口连通,并且在另一个端部位置中,至少与返回端口连通的其中一个工作端口通过稳定的中央位置与供给端口连通,在中央位置中,阀使返回端口与两个工作端口中的一个连通,缸体限定用于控制滑动件的第一控制腔室和第二控制腔室,该方法包括:
-将第一控制腔室置于压力下并使第二控制腔室复原,从而使滑动件运动到极限位置中的一个中;以及
-然后将第二控制腔室置于压力下并使第一控制腔室复原,从而使滑动件运动到端部位置中的另一个中。
根据本发明,该方法包括在上述两个步骤之间的中间步骤,该中间步骤为将压力施加到被连接以复原的控制腔室,使得两个腔室同时维持在压力作用下一段确定的时间。
同时对两个控制腔室加压取消了作用在滑动件上的液压力。滑动件仅在对中弹簧的作用下朝向中央位置返回,并且以这种方式维持的压力防止滑动件摆动。滑动件的运动更加渐进,使得与连接至供给端口的出口端口相关联的管道逐渐减压,从而降低了压力峰值的任何风险。此后,在确定的时间长度之后,从最初加压的控制腔室断开压力足以能够使滑动件进入另一端部位置,使得滑动件从一个端部位置切换到另一个端部位置的时间很快。
附图说明
根据参照附图中的各图给出的本发明的具体实施例的以下说明可更好地理解本发明,附图中:
-图1是示出了在传统布置中由滑阀供给的致动器的液压图;以及
-图2是示出了滑阀的两个控制腔室中的压力的时序图表。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的液压图涉及将液压流体供给至致动器1,该致动器1包括缸体2,在缸体2中,杆3通过与活塞4相关联而滑动,活塞4在缸体2中限定延伸腔室5和缩回腔室6。借助示例,致动器用来使用于飞行器起落架的轮舱的门7运动。在展开起落架的顺序期间,门被打开然后关闭。致动器1的两个腔室5和6经由滑阀10供给压力流体,滑阀10具有供给端口11、返回端口12以及分别连接至致动器1的延伸腔室5和缩回腔室6的工作端口13和14。阀10包括缸体,滑动件16可滑动地安装在该缸体中。通过使弹簧15对中,滑动件16被推向稳定的中央位置17。在该位置中,滑动件16将工作端口13和14连接至返回端口12,使得致动器1的腔室5和6都连接以复原。滑动件16可在中央位置的任一侧朝向第一端部位置18和第二端部位置19运动,并且分别在这两个端部位置中:
-供给端口11连接至延伸腔室5,返回端口12连接至缩回腔室6;以及
-供给端口11连接至缩回腔室6,返回端口12连接至延伸腔室5。
阀缸体10限定第一控制腔室20和第二控制腔室21(每个控制腔室由图中的标准黑色三角形符号表示)。通过对第一控制腔室20加压并通过将第二控制腔室21连接以复原,使滑动件16朝向第一端部位置18运动。通过对第二控制腔室21加压并通过将第一控制腔室20连接以复原,使滑动件16朝向第二端部位置19运动。这是众所周知的,并且仅仅借助说明而提及。
在某些顺序中,必须使致动器1延伸然后缩回。借助示例,这可能涉及打开轮舱门7,然后一旦起落架展开就关闭轮舱门7。在本发明中,程序如下:
-当致动器运行以延伸时,第一控制腔室20被加压而第二控制腔室21被连接以复原,从而使得滑动件16朝向第一端部位置18运动,由此使致动器1延伸;
-此后,当致动器要缩回时,第二控制腔室21被加压,从而平衡滑动件16上的液压力,使得滑动件16在对中弹簧15的作用下返回中央位置17;并且最后
-在确定的时间长度ΔT之后,第一控制腔室20连接以复原,从而使滑动件16(快速地)运动至第二端部位置19,由此使致动器1缩回。
选择时间长度ΔT以留出足够的时间使滑动件16返回至中央位置17,从而将阀10连接至致动器1的管道以及该致动器1的腔室5和6置于返回压力。对阀10的控制腔室20和21两者加压的中间步骤使得在改变致动器的运动方向时能够使对管道和致动器的腔室加压和减压的各个阶段分开,从而降低压力峰值的任何风险。此外,控制腔室20和21的这种同时加压降低了滑动件16摆动的任何风险,滑动件16的摆动可能引起管道和致动器的腔室中的压力振荡。
本发明不限于以上描述,而相反地覆盖了由权利要求所限定的范围内所带来的任何变型。
具体地,本发明同样适用于控制致动器的延伸/缩回运动,如上所述,并且控制致动器的缩回/延伸运动,例如用于打开门的那种类型的运动。在门关闭时缩回致动器用于卸下锁定钩,从而通过使致动器延伸而使得在打开门之前更容易脱开。
此外,尽管如本文所示的本发明的方法应用于具有三个位置和四个端口的阀,其中两个工作端口置于与供给端口或返回端口连通,在从一个端部位置到另一个端部位置时,这两个连接互换,但是该方法可应用于其它类型的滑阀,具体地是其中一个端部位置用于使两个工作端口与供给端口连通以便通过两个腔室中的压力差动作用来使致动器延伸的那些滑阀。

Claims (1)

1.一种控制液压阀的方法,所述液压阀具有供给端口(11)、返回端口(12)和两个工作端口(13、14),以及可运动地安装在缸体中以在两个端部位置(18、19)之间运动的滑动件(16),在所述端部位置中的一个(18)中,所述滑动件使所述供给端口与所述工作端口中的一个连通并使所述返回端口与另一个工作端口连通,并且在另一个端部位置(19)中,至少与所述返回端口连通的其中一个工作端口通过对中弹簧(15)朝向稳定的中央位置(17)复原而与所述供给端口连通,在所述中央位置中,所述阀使所述返回端口与所述两个工作端口中的一个连通,所述缸体限定用于控制所述滑动件的第一控制腔室(20)和第二控制腔室(21),所述方法包括:
-将所述第一控制腔室(20)置于压力下并使所述第二控制腔室(21)复原,从而使所述滑动件运动到极限位置中的一个中;以及
-然后将所述第二控制腔室(21)置于压力下并使所述第一控制室(20)复原,从而使所述滑动件运动到所述端部位置中的另一个中;
所述方法的特征在于它包括在上述两个步骤之间的中间步骤,所述中间步骤为将压力施加到被连接以复原的所述控制腔室(21),使得所述两个腔室同时维持在压力作用下一段确定的时间(ΔT)。
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Citations (17)

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CN110645216B (zh) 2022-09-27
CA3048078C (fr) 2021-02-16
EP3587829B1 (fr) 2021-05-05
US11105441B2 (en) 2021-08-31
ES2875917T3 (es) 2021-11-11
EP3587829A1 (fr) 2020-01-01
CA3048078A1 (fr) 2019-12-27
FR3083271B1 (fr) 2020-09-04
FR3083271A1 (fr) 2020-01-03
US20200003332A1 (en) 2020-01-02

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