CN110628633A - Fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis and fresh cordyceps sinensis product - Google Patents
Fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis and fresh cordyceps sinensis product Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis and a fresh cordyceps sinensis product. The provided fresh-keeping method of the cordyceps sinensis comprises the following steps: sterilizing the modified atmosphere packaging material to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material; sealing and packaging clean fresh cordyceps sinensis by using the sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material so as to obtain a package, wherein the package is filled with 50-100 vol% of oxygen, 0-40 vol% of carbon dioxide and 0-50 vol% of nitrogen; the packaging material is suitable for preservation at the temperature of 0-10 ℃. The provided fresh cordyceps sinensis product is prepared by the fresh-keeping method of the fresh cordyceps sinensis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fresh traditional Chinese medicine processing, and particularly relates to a fresh keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis and a fresh cordyceps sinensis product.
Background
Because the preservation period of the fresh cordyceps sinensis at the zero upper temperature is short, the cordyceps sinensis is preserved by freezing at the zero lower temperature mostly at present, but the cost for the merchant to maintain the low temperature in the transportation process is high; chinese patent CN201710006514.1 discloses a fresh-keeping method of fresh Cordyceps, which can be preserved at 0-10 deg.C for 2 months, so that the frozen layer (-18 deg.C) of household refrigerator does not conform to the fresh-keeping condition of fresh Cordyceps, and brings inconvenience of low-temperature fresh-keeping; chinese patent CN 201410019134.8 discloses a fresh-keeping method of fresh Cordyceps sinensis, which can preserve the nutrient content and activity of Cordyceps sinensis at-5-25 deg.C for a long time, but when thawing and eating, the problems of softening of Cordyceps sinensis body and poor taste are generated, which indicates that if it is preserved in a household refrigerator freezing layer, the problems of long thawing time and poor eating quality are generated when eating.
Further improvements are needed to preserve fresh Cordyceps sinensis.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis and a fresh cordyceps sinensis product.
In order to solve the problems of quality loss, high cost, long thawing time and inconvenient preservation in a household refrigerator caused by the frozen preservation of fresh cordyceps sinensis, the inventor of the invention finds that the defect of various existing preservation methods of fresh cordyceps sinensis at zero temperature can be overcome by adopting a method for realizing preservation at the zero temperature by modified atmosphere packaging.
Specifically, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis, comprising: sterilizing the modified atmosphere packaging material to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material; sealing and packaging clean fresh cordyceps sinensis by using the sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material so as to obtain a package, wherein the package is filled with 50-100 vol% of oxygen, 0-40 vol% of carbon dioxide and 0-50 vol% of nitrogen; the packaging material is suitable for preservation at the temperature of 0-10 ℃.
The invention provides a fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis, which is characterized in that cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is hermetically packaged by using a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material, and the obtained package is filled with 50-100 vol% of oxygen, 0-40 vol% of carbon dioxide and 0-50 vol% of nitrogen. The packaging material is suitable for cold storage and preservation, for example, the product is preserved at the temperature of 0-10 ℃, so that the product storage and transportation cost can be reduced, customers can conveniently thaw and eat the product, the taste is good, the preservation time is long, and the preservation time can reach more than 90 days, more than 100 days and even more than 105 days.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the fresh keeping method of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can further comprise the following technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, the package is filled with 60-80 vol.% oxygen, 10-20 vol.% carbon dioxide, and 0-30 vol.% nitrogen. Therefore, the fresh-keeping time of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be obviously prolonged, and the fresh-keeping time is at least more than 90 days, even more than 105 days.
In some embodiments of the invention, the amount of water vapor transmitted in 24 hours per 1 square meter of the modified atmosphere packaging material is no more than 50 grams, preferably no more than 20 grams, more preferably no more than 6 grams; the volume of oxygen transmitted per 1 square meter of the modified atmosphere packaging material in 24 hours at a pressure of 0.1MPa does not exceed 50 cubic meters, preferably does not exceed 20 cubic meters, more preferably does not exceed 10 cubic meters. The hardness and taste of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be affected by different packaging materials, for example, when the water vapor permeability and the oxygen permeability of the used modified atmosphere packaging material are too high, hardness softening, section drying, taste deterioration and the like can occur in a short time, so that the proper modified atmosphere packaging material can improve the fresh-keeping effect of the fresh cordyceps sinensis, and the fresh cordyceps sinensis still has proper taste and flavor after being preserved for more than 100 days.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the packaging volume of the packaging container per gram of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is more than 20 cubic centimeters, preferably more than 30 cubic centimeters, and more preferably more than 50 cubic centimeters. Therefore, the fresh-keeping time of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be obviously prolonged, and the fresh-keeping time is at least more than 90 days, even more than 105 days.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fresh-keeping period of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is 90 days or more, preferably 100 days or more, and more preferably 105 days or more.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pressure of the gas in the package is between 90 and 110 KPa.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fresh cordyceps sinensis is cleaned before being hermetically packaged, and then the fresh cordyceps sinensis is classified according to different weight ranges; and then sterilizing the classified fresh cordyceps sinensis at the same grade.
In some embodiments of the invention, the ranking is: the grade A is more than 0.3G and less than 0.5G, and the grade B is more than or equal to 0.5G and less than or equal to 0.7G; the grade C is more than or equal to 0.7G and less than or equal to 0.9G; the grade D is that G is more than or equal to 0.9G and less than or equal to 1.1G; grade E is 1.1G < G.
In some embodiments of the invention, the modified atmosphere packaging material is sterilized under ultraviolet light for 0.5 to 3 hours to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material. Therefore, microorganisms on the surface of the modified atmosphere packaging material can be killed, and the phenomenon of bacteria growth cannot occur in the preservation process, so that the preservation of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is influenced.
In some embodiments of the invention, the modified atmosphere packaging material is KPET14/PE50 modified atmosphere box.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises: and preserving the packaging material at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ in a windless environment.
In some embodiments of the invention, the packaged material is kept fresh for more than 90 days at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ in a windless environment, and the SOD enzyme activity of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is more than 3000U.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a fresh cordyceps sinensis product obtained by the method according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of the invention. The fresh cordyceps sinensis product provided by the invention has the advantages of long fresh-keeping period, good taste, suitability for long-time transportation, low cost and capability of meeting the requirements of production and application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Herein, "volume%" means the volume percentage, for example, the package is filled with 50-100 volume% oxygen, 0-40 volume% carbon dioxide and 0-50 volume% nitrogen, and means the package is filled with the volume percentage: 50% -100% of oxygen, 0% -40% of carbon dioxide and 0% -50% of nitrogen.
In a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis, comprising: sterilizing the modified atmosphere packaging material to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material; hermetically packaging the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis by using the sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material so as to obtain a package, wherein the package is filled with 50-100 vol% of oxygen, 0-40 vol% of carbon dioxide and 0-50 vol% of nitrogen; the packaging material is suitable for preservation at the temperature of 0-10 ℃.
Wherein the fresh Cordyceps can be classified according to the weight of fresh Cordyceps after removing mud, cleaning and wiping, for example, G represents the weight of fresh Cordyceps, and when G is more than 0.3G and less than 0.5G, it is determined as grade A; g is more than or equal to 0.5G and less than or equal to 0.7G, and the grade is B; g is more than or equal to 0.7G and less than or equal to 0.9G and is determined as C grade; when G is more than or equal to 0.9G and less than or equal to 1.1G, determining the G as D grade; grade E was determined as 1.1G < G. When the fresh cordyceps sinensis product is packaged, the fresh cordyceps sinensis product is suitable for placing and packaging the fresh cordyceps sinensis products with the same grade, and the obtained fresh cordyceps sinensis product meets the requirements of production and application better.
Fresh Cordyceps sinensis can be peeled at 0-25 deg.C, scrubbed with 0-25 deg.C running water, and examined under microscope until no visible foreign matter is present, and the cleaned fresh Cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry surface water, and then the above-mentioned classification is carried out.
The modified atmosphere packaging material can be packaged in a packaging box, a packaging bag or other common packaging modes, and is not particularly limited. In some embodiments of the present invention, the packaging material used can satisfy certain requirements for the water vapor permeability and the oxygen permeability, otherwise the taste and hardness of fresh cordyceps sinensis can be affected during the preservation process. In at least some embodiments of the invention, the amount of water vapor transmitted in 24 hours per 1 square meter of the modified atmosphere packaging material does not exceed 50 grams. In at least some preferred embodiments of the invention, the amount of water vapor transmitted in 24 hours per 1 square meter of modified atmosphere packaging material is no more than 40 grams, more preferably no more than 30 grams. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of water vapour transmitted in 24 hours per 1 square metre of modified atmosphere packaging material is no more than 20 grams, preferably no more than 10 grams, more preferably no more than 6 grams. In still further embodiments of the invention, the volume of oxygen transmitted per 1 square meter of the modified atmosphere packaging material in 24 hours at a pressure of 0.1MPa does not exceed 50 cubic meters, preferably does not exceed 40 cubic meters, more preferably does not exceed 30 cubic meters. In still further embodiments of the invention, the volume of oxygen transmitted per 1 square meter of the modified atmosphere packaging material in 24 hours at a pressure of 0.1MPa does not exceed 20 cubic meters, preferably 10 cubic meters. In some embodiments of the invention, the pressure inside the package is 90 to 110 Kpa.
In some preferred embodiments, the modified atmosphere packaging material used may be a modified atmosphere box, and the modified atmosphere box used may be obtained directly by purchase, and may be, for example, KPET14/PE50, which comprises a modified atmosphere film and a complementary modified atmosphere box. When in use, the air conditioning film and the air conditioning box can be bonded by using an air conditioner and filled with certain gas. And (3) sterilizing the modified atmosphere box for 0.5-3 hours in a clean bench by using an ultraviolet lamp before packaging to obtain the sterilized modified atmosphere box.
During packaging, the cleaned fresh Cordyceps sinensis can be placed in sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material in sterile environment. For example, a plurality of cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis can be directly poured into a sterilized air-conditioned box, and a certain volume of gas is filled in a package. In at least some embodiments, the package is filled with 50-100 vol% oxygen, 0-40 vol% carbon dioxide, and 0-50 vol% nitrogen. In other embodiments, the package is filled with 60-100% by volume oxygen, 0-30% by volume carbon dioxide, and 0-40% by volume nitrogen. In some preferred embodiments, the package is filled with 60-80 vol.% oxygen, 10-20 vol.% carbon dioxide, and 0-30 vol.% nitrogen. Thereby remarkably prolonging the fresh-keeping period of the fresh cordyceps sinensis.
In this embodiment, the gas pressure in the modified atmosphere box after packaging the Cordyceps sinensis is 90-110KPa, unless otherwise stated.
The obtained package can be suitable for preservation at the temperature of 0-10 ℃, so that the high cost caused by freezing preservation can be reduced, and the package is suitable for transportation and has good taste after being thawed. In at least some preferred embodiments, the obtained package keeps fresh at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ in a windless environment. Thereby remarkably prolonging the fresh-keeping period of the fresh cordyceps sinensis.
The scheme of the invention will be explained with reference to the examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1
Manually peeling 200 pieces of fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil at 21 ℃, washing silt, mycoderm, ova and the like on the surface of a worm body, particularly in folds by using a thin and soft toothbrush under 18 ℃ running water, carefully observing under a 10-fold microscope after no visible foreign matter exists, and returning to the running water to wash until no visible foreign matter exists under the microscope if the visible foreign matter exists; the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture, and then the classification is carried out according to the table 1.
Table 1 raw material grading table
| Rank of | A | B | C | D | E |
| G weight/G | 0.3g＜G＜0.5g | 0.5g≤G≤0.7g | 0.7g≤G≤0.9g | 0.9g≤G≤1.1g | 1.1g＜G |
Selecting class A product, sterilizing packaging material with ultraviolet light for 0.5 hr (the same treatment is also performed in the following examples, and no further description is given), packaging class A fresh Cordyceps with 136ml KPET14/PE50 air conditioning box (from Qimiao packaging Co., Ltd., Dongguan), and packaging in clean bench according to packaging volume (cm)3): filling the fresh grass with the weight (g) of 30:1 into an air-conditioning box, and then carrying out air-conditioning machine DT-6D sealing packaging, wherein the gas proportion is 10 volume percent of carbon dioxide, 60 volume percent of oxygen and 30 volume percent of nitrogen; sealing, and storing in a windless Haier refrigerator at 3 deg.C in dark.
The obtained product was stored for 120 days, and during the storage period (0 day, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days, 75 days, 90 days, 105 days and 120 days), the smell, color, hardness, water-out, appearance and the like were subjected to sensory evaluation 5 times, and 3 boxes were used for each sensory evaluation. And measuring SOD enzyme activity, worm body hardness and stroma hardness immediately by using fresh Cordyceps subjected to sensory evaluation, and calculating respective average values.
1. The SOD enzyme activity detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing a sample: fresh cordyceps sinensis: precisely weighing about 0.1g of sample, placing the sample in a mortar, adding 5mL of 0.05mol/L phosphate buffer solution, grinding for 3min in ice bath, placing a proper amount of the sample in a 2mL centrifuge tube, centrifuging for 5min (12000rpm), and passing the supernatant through a 0.45-micron water-based filter membrane to serve as a test solution for later use.
(2) And a detection step:
1) pre-experiment: diluting the sample solution with 0.05mol/L phosphate buffer solution to obtain sample solutions with different concentrations, adding liquid according to the operation table, placing on an oscillator, shaking for 1min to mix uniformly, taking out, placing in an electrothermal constant temperature drying oven at 37 deg.C, incubating for 20min, taking out, and placing in an enzyme-labeling instrument to measure the light absorption value at 450 nm.
Operation table:
note: a batch of experiments for comparison, comparison blank and determination blank only need to be performed with 1-2 holes respectively. The light absorption value of the control hole is not less than 0.2, so that the test requirement can be met.
2) Formal experiments: according to the result of the preliminary experiment, the sample solution to be tested with the inhibition rate of 40% -60% (preferably 45% -55%) is selected for the formal experiment. As with the preliminary experiment, 2 wells for the control well and the measurement well should be prepared, and a batch of experiments for the control blank well and the measurement blank well can be prepared as a single well.
(3) And calculating formula:
the SOD enzyme inhibition rate was calculated according to the following formula:
in the above formula:
a represents: and (4) light absorption value.
Then according to the following SOD enzyme activity, in the reaction system, the corresponding enzyme amount when the SOD inhibition rate reaches 50 percent is an SOD enzyme activity unit (U):
in the above formula:
v: the total volume of the test solution is mL;
m: mass of the sample in g;
d: dilution times of sample liquid;
240: the total volume in the reaction system is expressed by mu L;
20: the volume of the sample solution to be measured was added in μ L.
2. The worm body hardness detection method comprises the following steps:
creep of Cordyceps sinensis was measured by using a texture analyzer (model is TA.XT Plus (UK SMS)) using a 2mm cylindrical probe through a down-press procedure to obtain a fixed down-press distance without damaging the structure by a deformation test, and a firmness index was obtained. (firmness: hardness measured by pressing 1mm after the probe touches the sample, g)
3. The weight loss rate detection method comprises the following steps:
weighing the weight of the sample before and after storage by adopting a weighing method, and calculating the weight loss ratio according to the following formula:
weight loss rate (weight of sample before storage-weight of sample after storage)/weight of sample before storage 100%
Combining the above determination method and sensory evaluation method, and scoring the freshness of fresh Cordyceps according to the standard given in Table 2, wherein each item has a score of 8.5 or more, and SOD enzyme activity of 3000 or more indicates freshness, and a score of 8.5 or less indicates no freshness.
TABLE 2 fresh Cordyceps freshness evaluation Table
The evaluation results are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 example 1 fresh Cordyceps sinensis freshness evaluation results
Repeated experimental researches show that the preservation period of fresh cordyceps sinensis can be prolonged to 105 days by the preservation method in the embodiment 1.
Example 2
Manually peeling 200 pieces of fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil at 10 ℃, washing silt, mycoderm, ova and the like on the surface of a worm body, particularly in folds with a fine and soft toothbrush under running water at 10 ℃, carefully observing under a 10-fold microscope after no visible foreign matter exists, and returning to the running water to wash until no visible foreign matter exists under the microscope if the visible foreign matter exists; the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture, and the classification is carried out according to the table 1.
Selecting grade B product, and packaging fresh Cordyceps with volume of 272cm3The KPET14/PE50 modified atmosphere box, in a clean bench, according to the packaging volume (ml): filling the fresh grass with the weight (g) of 40:1 into a modified atmosphere box, and then performing modified atmosphere sealing packaging, wherein the gas proportion is 20 vol% of carbon dioxide, 70 vol% of oxygen and 10 vol% of nitrogen; sealing, and storing in 5 deg.C windless Haier refrigerator in dark place.
After storing for 120 days, the odor, color, hardness, effluent and appearance were subjected to sensory evaluation 5 times in the same manner as in example 1, 3 boxes for each sensory evaluation, and SOD enzyme activity, insect body hardness and stroma hardness were immediately measured using fresh grasses subjected to sensory evaluation, and the respective average values were calculated. The results are shown in table 4 below:
TABLE 4 example 2 fresh Cordyceps sinensis freshness evaluation results
Repeated experimental researches show that the fresh-keeping period can be prolonged to 105 days.
Example 3
Manually peeling 1000 fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil at 5 ℃, washing silt, mycoderm, ova and the like on the surface of a worm body, particularly in folds by using a thin and soft toothbrush under flowing water at 3 ℃, carefully observing under a 10-fold microscope after no visible foreign matters exist, and returning to the flowing water to wash until no visible foreign matters exist under the microscope if the visible foreign matters exist; the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture, and the classification is carried out according to the table 1.
Selecting a grade C product, and packaging fresh cordyceps sinensis into a KPET14/PE50 modified atmosphere box with the packaging volume of 500ml, wherein the packaging volume (ml) is as follows: filling the fresh grass with the weight (g) of 60:1 into a modified atmosphere box, and then performing modified atmosphere sealing packaging, wherein the gas proportion is 10 volume percent of carbon dioxide, 80 volume percent of oxygen and 10 volume percent of nitrogen; sealing, storing in 8 deg.C windless Haier refrigerator in dark place.
After storing for 120 days, the odor, color, hardness, effluent and appearance were subjected to sensory evaluation 5 times in the same manner as in example 1, 3 boxes for each sensory evaluation, and SOD enzyme activity, insect body hardness and stroma hardness were immediately measured using fresh grasses subjected to sensory evaluation, and the respective average values were calculated. The results of the experiment are shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5 example 3 fresh Cordyceps sinensis freshness evaluation results
Repeated experimental researches show that the fresh-keeping period can be prolonged to 105 days.
Example 4 Effect of gas ratio on fresh keeping time of Cordyceps sinensis
Example 4 the influence of the ratio of the filled gas on the fresh keeping period of fresh Cordyceps sinensis was studied, and the method was as follows:
manually peeling 200 pieces of fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil at 21 ℃, washing silt, mycoderm, ova and the like on the surface of a worm body, particularly in folds by using a thin and soft toothbrush under 18 ℃ running water, carefully observing under a 10-fold microscope after no visible foreign matter exists, and returning to the running water to wash until no visible foreign matter exists under the microscope if the visible foreign matter exists; the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture, and the classification is carried out according to the table 1.
Selecting grade B product, and packaging fresh Cordyceps with volume of 136cm3The KPET14/PE50 modified atmosphere box, in a clean bench, according to the packaging volume (ml): fresh grass is filled into an air-conditioning box according to the weight (g) of 30:1, then air-conditioning machine DT-6D is carried out for sealing and packaging, and gases with different gas ratios are respectively filled:
gas ratio 1: influence of oxygen
The gas proportion is 80 vol% oxygen and 20 vol% nitrogen
② the gas proportion is 60 volume percent oxygen and 40 volume percent nitrogen
③ the gas proportion is 40 percent by volume of oxygen and 60 percent by volume of nitrogen
The gas proportion is 20 volume percent of oxygen and 80 volume percent of nitrogen
The gas proportion is 10 volume percent of oxygen and 90 volume percent of nitrogen
After being sealed and tight, the fresh-keeping fruits are placed in a windless Haier refrigerator at 3 ℃ for 120 days in a dark place, the evaluation is carried out according to the sensory and detection indexes in the above example 1, and the corresponding fresh-keeping time length result is obtained, as shown in the following table 6:
TABLE 6 freshness duration of different treatment groups
As can be seen from the table above, the group III has the longest preservation time, and the group III has the preservation time of no more than 45 days, which means that the preservation time of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be prolonged when the oxygen content is not less than 60%.
Gas ratio 2: CO 22Influence of (2)
The gas proportion is 60 volume percent of oxygen and 40 volume percent of nitrogen;
the gas proportion is 80 volume percent of oxygen and 20 volume percent of nitrogen;
③ 60 percent by volume of oxygen, 5 percent by volume of carbon dioxide and 35 percent by volume of nitrogen;
the gas proportion is 60 volume percent of oxygen, 10 volume percent of carbon dioxide and 30 volume percent of nitrogen;
the gas proportion is 60 volume percent of oxygen, 20 volume percent of carbon dioxide and 20 volume percent of nitrogen;
sixthly, the gas proportion is 60 volume percent of oxygen, 30 volume percent of carbon dioxide and 10 volume percent of nitrogen;
the gas proportion is 80 volume percent of oxygen, 5 volume percent of carbon dioxide and 15 volume percent of nitrogen;
the gas proportion of the eights percent is 80 volume percent of oxygen, 10 volume percent of carbon dioxide and 10 volume percent of nitrogen;
ninthly, the gas proportion is 80 volume percent of oxygen, 20 volume percent of carbon dioxide and 0 volume percent of nitrogen;
after sealing and tight sealing, the fresh-keeping fruits are placed in a windless Haier refrigerator at 3 ℃ for 120 days in a dark place, evaluation is carried out according to the sensory and detection indexes in the above example 1, and the result of the fresh-keeping time duration is obtained as shown in the following table 7:
TABLE 7 freshness duration of different treatment groups
As can be seen from table 7, the freshness keeping time of the group (c), (d) and (c) is longest, and is 105 days; comparing the fifth group with the first group, the preservation time is prolonged from 90 days to 105 days when 5% -20% of carbon dioxide is added, and the preservation time cannot be prolonged when 30% of carbon dioxide is added; comparing the seventh and ninth groups, it can be seen that the preservation time is increased from 90 days to 105 days when 5% -20% of carbon dioxide is added, and thus it can be seen that the preservation time of fresh cordyceps sinensis can be prolonged by adding 5% -20% of carbon dioxide when 60% -80% of oxygen is used.
EXAMPLE 5 Effect of the ratio of packaging volume to fresh weight of Cordyceps on the shelf life
Example 5 the effect of the ratio of the packaging volume in the packaging material to the weight of fresh cordyceps sinensis on the shelf life was studied, including the following:
manually peeling 200 pieces of fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil at 21 ℃, washing silt, mycoderm, ova and the like on the surface of a worm body, particularly in folds by using a thin and soft toothbrush under 18 ℃ running water, carefully observing under a 10-fold microscope after no visible foreign matter exists, and returning to the running water to wash until no visible foreign matter exists under the microscope if the visible foreign matter exists; the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture, and the classification is carried out according to the table 1.
Selecting a B-grade product, and packaging fresh cordyceps sinensis in a KPET14/PE50 atmosphere-controlled box with the packaging volume of 136ml in a clean bench according to the packaging volume (ml): loading fresh grass in a proportion of 7.5:1, 15:1, 30:1 and 60:1 into an air-conditioning box, and hermetically packaging by using an air conditioner DT-6D, wherein the gas proportion is 80% of oxygen, 10% of carbon dioxide and 10% of nitrogen;
after sealing and tight sealing, the fresh-keeping fruits are placed in a 8 ℃ airless Haier refrigerator to be kept in the dark for 120 days, evaluation is carried out according to the sensory and detection indexes in the above example 1, and the result of the fresh-keeping time duration is obtained, as shown in the following table 8:
TABLE 8 freshness duration of different treatments
From the results given in table 8 above, the packing volume (ml) in the modified atmosphere box: the weight (g) of the fresh grass is different, the fresh-keeping period is different, and the packaging volume (ml): if the weight (g) of the fresh grass is less than 15:1, the preservation period is not longer than 60 days, and if the ratio is more than or equal to 30:1, the preservation period can reach 105 days.
Example 6 Effect of modified atmosphere packaging Material on fresh Cordyceps preservation time
Example 6 the effect of different modified atmosphere packaging materials on the preservation period of fresh cordyceps sinensis was studied, as follows:
manually peeling 200 pieces of fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil at 10 ℃, washing silt, mycoderm, ova and the like on the surface of a worm body, particularly in folds with a fine and soft toothbrush under running water at 10 ℃, carefully observing under a 10-fold microscope after no visible foreign matter exists, and returning to the running water to wash until no visible foreign matter exists under the microscope if the visible foreign matter exists; the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture, and the classification is carried out according to the table 1.
Selecting B-grade product, subpackaging fresh Cordyceps in 136ml packaging volume of air-conditioned boxes made of three different materials, KPET14/PE50, KPET1.2 and PET1.2, in a clean bench, according to the packaging volume (ml): the fresh grass (g) was packed in a modified atmosphere box at a ratio of 30:1, followed by modified atmosphere seal packaging, wherein the gas ratios were 20 vol% carbon dioxide, 60 vol% oxygen and 20 vol% nitrogen, and three groups of experimental groups were stored in a 7 ℃ airless hel refrigerator in the dark for 120 days.
The three material parameters used are:
KPET14/PE50 (water vapor transmission capacity is less than or equal to 6 g/(m)224h), oxygen transmission capacity is less than or equal to 10m3/(m224h 0.1MPa KPET1.2 (water vapor transmission capacity less than or equal to 8 g/(m)224h), oxygen transmission capacity is less than or equal to 9m3/(m224h 0.1MPa PET1.2 (water vapor transmission capacity less than or equal to 70 g/(m)224h), oxygen transmission capacity is less than or equal to 80m3/(/m224h 0.1MPa) the results after 120 days of storage with three different materials are shown in tables 9, 10 and 11, respectively:
TABLE 9 results after packaging with PET1.2 Material
TABLE 10 results after packaging with KPET1.2 materials
TABLE 11 results after packaging with KPET14/PE50 materials
From the above results, it can be seen that the preservation of fresh Cordyceps sinensis is differentiated when the sample is placed in different modified atmosphere packaging materials, the hardness of the PET1.2 modified atmosphere group is softened, the section is dried slightly and the taste is poor in 45 days, and the hardness of the KPET1.2 and KPET14/PE50 modified atmosphere box materials is softened in 120 days.
Example 7 Effect of different packaging methods on fresh keeping period of Cordyceps sinensis
Example 7 the effect of different packaging methods on the shelf life of fresh cordyceps sinensis was studied as follows:
manually peeling 200 pieces of fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil at 10 ℃, washing silt, mycoderm, ova and the like on the surface of a worm body, particularly in folds with a fine and soft toothbrush under running water at 10 ℃, carefully observing under a 10-fold microscope after no visible foreign matter exists, and returning to the running water to wash until no visible foreign matter exists under the microscope if the visible foreign matter exists; the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture, and the classification is carried out according to the table 1.
Modified atmosphere packaging: selecting a B-grade product, and packaging fresh cordyceps sinensis in a KPET14/PE50 atmosphere-controlled box with the packaging volume of 136ml in a clean bench according to the packaging volume (ml): filling the fresh grass with the weight (g) of 30:1 into a modified atmosphere box, and then performing modified atmosphere sealing packaging, wherein the gas proportion is 10% of carbon dioxide, 60% of oxygen and 30% of nitrogen;
non-gas-regulating package
1. Glass tube loading: sealing and packaging the cleaned single fresh Cordyceps (B-grade product) with glass tube.
2. Bagging by PE: and (3) hermetically packaging the same amount of fresh cordyceps sinensis in the air-conditioned boxes by using a PE bag, wherein the PE bag contains air components.
The three different packaging modes are stored in a 5 ℃ windless Haier refrigerator for 120 days.
The results after 120 days of storage are shown in tables 12, 13 and 14:
TABLE 12 glass tube packing results
TABLE 13PE pouch packaging results
TABLE 14KPET14/PE50 packaging results
The results show that the samples are different from the fresh cordyceps sinensis in different packaging modes, the glass tube group has a fungus growing phenomenon in 30 days and cannot be stored continuously, the PE bag is filled with air and has extremely strong permeability and can exchange with the external air, the color of the PE bag becomes brown yellow in 30 days, the PE bag becomes brown black in 45 days, the section becomes extremely dry in 30 days, the SOD enzyme activity also decreases to a certain degree, the preservation of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is not facilitated, and the air-conditioning box group still keeps a good state in 105 days.
Example 8 Effect of preservation of ambient air flow on fresh keeping time of Cordyceps sinensis
Manually peeling 200 pieces of fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil at 10 ℃, washing silt, mycoderm, ova and the like on the surface of a worm body, particularly in folds with a fine and soft toothbrush under running water at 10 ℃, carefully observing under a 10-fold microscope after no visible foreign matter exists, and returning to the running water to wash until no visible foreign matter exists under the microscope if the visible foreign matter exists; the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis is wiped on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture, and the classification is carried out according to the table 1.
Selecting a B-grade product, and packaging fresh cordyceps sinensis into a KPET14/PE50 modified atmosphere box with a packaging volume of 272ml, wherein the packaging volume (ml) is as follows: filling the fresh grass with the weight (g) of 30:1 into a modified atmosphere box, and then performing modified atmosphere sealing packaging, wherein the gas proportion is 20% of carbon dioxide, 60% of oxygen and 20% of nitrogen; sealing, and storing in 5 deg.C airless Haier refrigerator (with air speed of 0m/s) and 5 deg.C air-blowing medical refrigerator (with average air speed of 0.5m/s) in dark place for 120 days.
The results after 120 days of storage are shown in tables 15 and 16:
TABLE 15 freshness keeping results in a blow-type refrigerator
| The average wind speed is 0.5m/s | Day 0 | 30 days | 45 days | 60 days | 75 days | 90 days | 105 days | 120 days |
| Smell(s) | 8.70 | 8.70 | 8.50 | 8.50 | 8.40 | 8.40 | 8.20 | 7.50 |
| Colour(s) | 9.00 | 8.50 | 8.20 | 8.10 | 8.00 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 |
| Hardness of sub-base | 9.00 | 8.50 | 8.00 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 6.50 |
| Sub-base section | 9.00 | 8.50 | 8.00 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.00 |
| Hardness number of worm | 443 | 320 | 170 | 167 | 152 | 155 | 144 | 125 |
| Section of worm | 9.00 | 8.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 |
| Taste of insect | 9.00 | 8.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 |
| Weight loss ratio | 0％ | 3.0％ | 5.8％ | 6.8％ | 7.4％ | 8.2％ | 8.6％ | 8.6％ |
| SOD enzyme activity | 3374 | 3264 | 2928 | 2904 | 2803 | 2687 | 2644 | 2577 |
TABLE 16 fresh-keeping results in airless refrigerator
From the above results, it can be seen that the preservation time of fresh cordyceps sinensis is different when the sample is placed in different preservation environments, the air flow of the preservation environment has different influences on the fresh cordyceps sinensis, in a refrigerator with the average wind speed of more than 0m/s, the sample stroma becomes thin and soft after 45 days, the section of the worm body is dry and dehydrated, the stroma withers after 60 days, and the sample in the refrigerator with the average wind speed of 0m/s still keeps a better state after 105 days.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A fresh preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sterilizing the modified atmosphere packaging material to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material;
sealing and packaging clean fresh cordyceps sinensis by using the sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material so as to obtain a package, wherein the package is filled with 50-100 vol% of oxygen, 0-40 vol% of carbon dioxide and 0-50 vol% of nitrogen;
the packaging material is suitable for preservation at the temperature of 0-10 ℃.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the package is filled with 60-80 vol.% oxygen, 10-20 vol.% carbon dioxide, and 0-30 vol.% nitrogen.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of water vapor transmitted per 1 square meter of modified atmosphere packaging material is no more than 50 grams, preferably no more than 20 grams, more preferably no more than 6 grams, per 24 hours.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume of oxygen transmitted per 1 square meter of modified atmosphere packaging material in 24 hours at a pressure of 0.1MPa does not exceed 50 cubic meters, preferably does not exceed 20 cubic meters, more preferably does not exceed 10 cubic meters.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the packaging volume of the packaging is 20 cubic centimeters or more, preferably 30 cubic centimeters or more, and more preferably 50 cubic centimeters or more per gram of the fresh cordyceps sinensis.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the modified atmosphere packaging material is sterilized under ultraviolet light for 0.5-3 hours to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the modified atmosphere packaging material is a modified atmosphere box, preferably a KPET14/PE50 modified atmosphere box.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and (3) keeping the packaged material fresh at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ in a windless environment.
9. A fresh Cordyceps sinensis product obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN111990578A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-27 | 尹浩 | Fresh freezing storage method of natural cordyceps sinensis |
| WO2021082329A1 (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 | Modified-atmosphere freshness preservation method for fresh cordyceps sinensis, and fresh cordyceps sinensis product |
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Denomination of invention: Fresh keeping method of fresh Cordyceps sinensis and fresh Cordyceps sinensis products Effective date of registration: 20220125 Granted publication date: 20210302 Pledgee: Dongguan Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Chang'an sub branch Pledgor: Dongguan dongyangguang Cordyceps research and Development Co.,Ltd.|YICHANG SHANCHENGSHUIDU CORDYCEPS Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022980001177 |