CN110623145A - Recycling method of hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste - Google Patents
Recycling method of hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a recycling method of hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste, which comprises the following 4 modes: (1) the hypsizigus marmoreus stems are used as raw materials to prepare the feed additive; (2) taking hypsizigus marmoreus residues as cattle pen padding; (3) piling and fermenting waste padding containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer; (4) and (3) preparing the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoting agent by using the fermentation product of the mode (3). According to local conditions and local industrial characteristics, the invention fully combines the industrial structures of local industrial planting and breeding industries, develops a high-quality, cheap and environment-friendly agricultural production mode, realizes the comprehensive reutilization of industrial organic waste, avoids environmental pollution, improves the added value of products, and has good environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural waste utilization, in particular to a recycling method of hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste.
Background
Hypsizigus marmoreus (Hypsizigus marmoreus) also known as Hypsizigus marmoreus, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pseudomatsutake belonging to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae, Hypsizygus. The edible fungus has beautiful shape, crisp and tender meat, good taste and delicious taste, and is a rare edible fungus with great development prospect. Since introduction from Japan to date in 1983, the cultivation area of Hypsizigus marmoreus in China is gradually enlarged, and large-area industrialized production bases are available in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shanghai, Fujian and the like. The industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus is divided into two cultivation modes of liquid spawn and solid spawn, but the fruiting is a solid culture medium. After fruiting, part of production waste can be treated as waste, and the method comprises the following steps: the hypsizigus marmoreus enters a packaging workshop, and aged mushroom stems or mushroom bodies with poor quality can be discarded as leftover materials due to inconvenience in selling. Through statistics, the leftover materials (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'mushroom stems') of a large hypsizygus marmoreus factory can reach more than 300 kg per day; after the hypsizigus marmoreus is harvested, the culture medium, namely mushroom dregs, discarded in a culture bottle is discarded as waste materials (the mushroom stems and the mushroom dregs are collectively referred to as 'mushroom dregs', hereinafter), and the daily yield of the mushroom dregs in a factory which produces 5t finished hypsizigus marmoreus per day can reach more than 5 t. The conventional common treatment methods of the mushroom dregs include incineration and burial. In recent years, hypsizigus marmoreus dregs serving as an organic fertilizer are directly returned to the field, but the electric conductivity (EC value) of the dregs is higher, namely the content of inorganic salt is higher, and the biological stability of the direct returning of the dregs is poor. Therefore, the hypsizigus marmoreus industrial waste has larger utilization space in the aspect of recycling treatment.
The hypsizigus marmoreus fruiting medium is 700g, the water content is about 60%, the dry matter is 280g, the fruiting amount after strain inoculation is about 200g, the water content of the hypsizigus marmoreus is large and can reach more than 90%, wherein the dry matter is only about 20g, which shows that the utilization rate of hypsizigus marmoreus cultivation to a fungus bag is low, the fungus bag also contains a large amount of nutrient substances, and through fermentation of strains, the fungus bag contains a large amount of organic matters such as hypsizigus marmoreus hypha and a large amount of metabolites besides production raw materials, wherein some natural antibacterial substances are not lacked.
At present, the dairy cattle breeding padding mainly comprises forage or natural wood chips and the like, but the materials are relatively expensive, and meanwhile, the raw materials are easy to be in short supply. At present, edible fungus residues are frequently used as dairy cow bedding materials, industrial edible fungus production raw materials are pure plant raw materials such as sawdust, corns, bran and the like, and the production process is free of additive, safe and pollution-free; during the growth process of the edible fungi, a large amount of bioactive substances can be generated, and the resistance of animals is improved. In addition, the fungus dregs contain a large amount of live bacteria, which can effectively decompose the excrement of the dairy cows, reduce the odor of the excrement in the culture area, and control the propagation of harmful diseases and pests by natural bacteriostatic substances in the hypha. The edible fungi residues contain a large amount of gaps, so that water can be effectively controlled, the cleanliness of a culture area is ensured, and ecological culture is really realized. The litter produced by this method is a mixture of mushroom dregs, partial forage, feed, and animal excrement.
The mushroom residues are used as agricultural wastes, contain certain inorganic salt and a large amount of organic matters, and are directly discarded, so that waste is caused; and the organic fertilizer is returned to the field, and the phenomena of seedling burning and the like are easily caused due to the high salt content of the organic fertilizer. The secondary fermentation of mushroom dregs in the prior report can meet the standard of organic fertilizer, but the C/N ratio of the mushroom dregs is generally 60-70:1.5, the mushroom dregs are not suitable for direct fermentation, and N source is required to be supplemented.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for recycling factory production waste of hypsizigus marmoreus, which is characterized in that according to local conditions and local industrial characteristics, industrial structures of local factory planting industry and breeding industry are fully combined, a high-quality, low-cost and environment-friendly agricultural production mode is developed, and the recycling of factory organic waste is realized. The technical scheme of the invention is shown in figure 1.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste comprises the following 4 modes:
(1) the hypsizigus marmoreus stems are used as raw materials to prepare the feed additive;
(2) taking hypsizigus marmoreus residues as cattle pen padding;
(3) piling and fermenting waste padding containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer;
(4) and (3) preparing the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoting agent by using the fermentation product of the mode (3).
The above technical solution can be further optimized as follows:
the mode (1) takes hypsizigus marmoreus stems as raw materials to prepare the feed additive, and comprises the steps of preparing mushroom residue powder as the feed additive and preparing hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide as the feed additive.
The operation steps for preparing the mushroom dreg powder as the feed additive are as follows: collecting clean and pollution-free hypsizigus marmoreus stems; then naturally airing for more than 48h, or drying for more than 24h in a drying box at 60 ℃; and crushing the dried mushroom stems, sieving the crushed mushroom stems by a sieve of 0.5mm to prepare mushroom residue powder, wherein the mushroom residue powder can be used as a cattle feed additive, and the waste materials can be mixed with mushroom residues to be used as padding.
When the mushroom dreg powder is used as a cattle feed additive, the mushroom dreg powder is added according to the mass ratio of 0-5% of the common feed.
The preparation method of the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide as the feed additive comprises the following operation steps: weighing the mushroom dreg powder, adding water according to the proportion of 1g of mushroom dreg powder to 10-50mL of water, and stirring and mixing; adding the mixed solution into ultrasonic extraction equipment, and extracting for 60 minutes at the temperature of 60 ℃; carrying out suction filtration on the sample liquid to remove macromolecular protein; concentrating the solution by using a multistage concentrator under the conditions that the temperature is 95 ℃ and the liquid inlet flow rate is 80 mL/min; adding 95% ethanol into the concentrated solution until the final concentration of ethanol is 80%; keeping the temperature at 4 ℃ and standing overnight, filtering again and then carrying out spray drying or drying by using a solar drying oven, wherein the product is the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide, the average yield of the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide is 4.8%, and the obtained hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide is used as a sea cucumber feed additive.
The mass ratio of the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide serving as the sea cucumber feed additive to a common feed is 1: 4-9.
The mode (2) is that the method of using hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs as cattle pen padding is as follows: selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, naturally spreading and airing or drying in an oven, controlling the water content to be below 20% to prevent mildew, directly discarding mildew materials in the airing process or using the mildew materials as a raw material for subsequent pile fermentation and decomposition, spreading the dried mushroom residues in a cowshed for 2-4cm, or adding the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residues in an excrement collecting region, wherein the mass ratio of the mushroom residues to excrement is 1: 0.7-4; the method can effectively control sewage, air odor and plant diseases and insect pests in the culture area.
The mode (3) is characterized in that the operation steps of preparing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the waste padding pile fermentation containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues are as follows: recovering the waste padding used in the mode (2), finely adjusting the C/N of the waste padding to be 20-30, regulating the water content of the waste padding to be 55-65% by using water or dried mushroom dregs, and simultaneously controlling the pH of the waste padding to be 6.0-8.0; after the adjustment is finished, adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder with the mass ratio of 0.1-0.5%, stacking after uniformly stirring, and performing pile fermentation at a ventilated place; detecting the reactor core temperature in the pile fermentation for 1-3 days, and turning the reactor core for the first time when the reactor core temperature reaches 55-65 ℃; turning over once in 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 10-20 days; when the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, finishing fermentation to obtain decomposed padding with the C/N ratio of 13-16, namely biological organic fertilizer; or EM bacterial powder with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent is added on the basis of the decomposed padding to serve as the bio-organic fertilizer.
The mode (4) for preparing the hypsizygus marmoreus growth promoting agent by using the fermentation product of the mode (3) comprises the following operation steps: adding sterilized water into the fermentation product in the mode (3) according to the mass-volume ratio of 1:5-50, uniformly mixing, and then injecting into a triangular flask or other open containers; shaking and extracting for 12-24h at 60-120rpm of a normal temperature shaking table; after extraction, heating the mixed solution to 70 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-20 minutes, stopping heating and cooling; filtering the mixture, and diluting the filtrate by 5-10 times with sterilized water to obtain the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter; the filter residue after the mixture is filtered can be used as an organic fertilizer or a plant cultivation medium.
The usage of the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter comprises the following steps: (1) when the raw materials for producing the hypsizigus marmoreus are mixed, the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter is added into the raw materials to replace water for adjusting the humidity; (2) the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter is used for replacing water to configure a PDA flat plate; (3) adding the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter into the mushroom growing bottles subjected to mycelium stimulation according to the using amount of 10-20 ml/bottle for growing mushrooms.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the main raw materials of the invention are agricultural wastes, and the invention combines the development of local agricultural industry to comprehensively recycle the industrial agricultural wastes, thereby avoiding the environmental pollution and creating new economic value.
2. The hypsizigus marmoreus stems are used as raw materials to prepare the feed additive, waste materials generated in the industrial production of the hypsizigus marmoreus are fully utilized, and the waste of resources is avoided.
3. The biological activity of the hypsizigus marmoreus residues is utilized to provide excellent and cheap padding for the breeding industry, the waste water discharge of a breeding area can be effectively controlled, the peculiar smell of the breeding area can be controlled, and meanwhile, the pest and disease outbreak of the breeding area is inhibited.
4. The organic fertilizer produced by the invention fully utilizes various waste materials produced in the planting industry and the breeding industry, utilizes the animal N source to adjust the C/N of the mushroom dregs, fully exerts the advantage of high porosity of the edible mushroom dregs, jointly ferments the cow dung and the mushroom dregs to accelerate the decomposition speed, improves the conversion efficiency, improves the quality of pile-fermentation products, produces the efficient agricultural organic fertilizer, achieves multiple purposes, and avoids the influence on the fermentation effect due to the large C/N when the mushroom dregs are independently fermented.
5. The produced fertilizer contains a large amount of bacterial metabolites such as polysaccharide and polypeptide, and the substances can promote the growth and development of vegetables, increase the root activity and regulate the induced resistance of plants.
6. The addition of the microbial inoculum can form a beneficial bacterium protective layer at the rhizosphere of the seedling, effectively reduce various diseases in the seedling stage, stimulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites of the seedling, increase the resistance of the plant, and avoid the difficulty in controlling seedling burning and plant diseases and insect pests caused by directly applying bacterial residues or animal wastes.
7. After the mushroom dregs are completely decomposed by microbial pile fermentation to form an organic fertilizer, macromolecular proteins are degraded into micromolecular peptide chains or amino acids, and simultaneously contain inorganic salts, organic acids and other substances, the substances can be used as active substances of the organic fertilizer and growth promoting substances in the production process of the hypsizigus marmoreus, decomposed padding materials are extracted by water, and water substances of the decomposed padding materials can be used as a hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoting preparation to be reused in the production of the hypsizigus marmoreus; the extracted waste residue can also be used as organic fertilizer to be returned to the field.
8. The hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter product is natural, free of pollution, low in price and environment-friendly, and can increase the activity of hypsizigus marmoreus hyphae, promote the hypha growth, shorten the fruiting time, increase the flavor of a mushroom product and remarkably improve the production benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mushroom dreg recycling technology of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail by way of examples (but not by way of all examples).
Example 1
The method for producing the sea cucumber feed by using the hypsizigus marmoreus stems comprises the following specific operation processes:
(1) drying waste stem and waste mushroom body (hereinafter collectively referred to as mushroom stem) of Hypsizigus marmoreus at 60 deg.C, pulverizing, and sieving with 0.5mm sieve.
(2) Weighing 500g of dried mushroom stem powder, adding 7.5L of water according to the proportion of 1g of mushroom powder to 15mL of water, stirring, soaking overnight, adding the mixed solution into ultrasonic extraction equipment, and extracting for 60 minutes at 60 ℃; and (4) carrying out suction filtration on the sample liquid to remove macromolecular protein.
(3) Concentrating the filtrate to 800 mL by using a multistage concentrator under the conditions that the temperature is 95 ℃ and the flow rate of the inlet liquid is 80mL/min, filtering and discarding the precipitate.
(4) Adding 95% ethanol into the concentrated solution until the final concentration of ethanol is 80%, and standing overnight at 4 deg.C; filtering again, and spray drying or drying with a solar drying oven to obtain the product, i.e. hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide with an average yield of 4.8%; the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide can be used as an auxiliary material to be added into a sea cucumber feed.
(5) About 240g of crude polysaccharide can be extracted from 5kg of mushroom residues, and the mass ratio of the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide to the common feed is 1: 9.
The common feed is used as a contrast, the activity of the sea cucumber fed with the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide feed is obviously higher than that of a common feed group after one week of feeding the sea cucumber, the feces of the sea cucumber fed with the common feed is in a powder residue shape and is not formed, and the feces of the sea cucumber fed with the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide feed are in a strip shape, so that the feces are convenient to clean and are not easy to pollute culture water. Feeding Stichopus japonicus with different feeds, and detecting microbial activity in feces. The concentration of microorganisms in the feces of the sea cucumbers fed by the feed containing the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide is more than 1.6 times that of the sea cucumbers fed by a common feed, and the feed added with the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide can obviously improve the activity of the digestive tracts of the sea cucumbers and help the sea cucumbers to digest and absorb nutrients.
Example 2
The method for producing the sea cucumber feed and the cattle feed by using the mushroom stems comprises the following specific operation processes:
(1) drying waste stem and waste mushroom body (hereinafter collectively referred to as mushroom stem) of Hypsizigus marmoreus at 60 deg.C, pulverizing, and sieving with 0.5mm sieve. The screened coarse powder is used as a biological source additive and is added into cattle feed according to the mass ratio of 0-5%. The fine powder after sieving enters the following steps;
(2) weighing 1000g of dried powder of mushroom stems, adding 15L of water according to the proportion of 1g of mushroom powder to 15mL of water, stirring, subpackaging into 1L of glass containers, soaking overnight, putting the mixed solution into ultrasonic extraction equipment, and extracting for 60 minutes at 60 ℃.
(3) Filtering the extractive solution, collecting filtrate, concentrating with multi-stage concentrator at 95 deg.C and inlet flow rate of 80mL/min to 1600mL, filtering, and discarding precipitate.
(4) Adding 95% ethanol to the concentrated solution until the final concentration of ethanol is 80%, and standing at 4 deg.C overnight. And (3) filtering again, and then performing spray drying or drying by using a solar drying oven to obtain the product, namely the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide, wherein the average yield of the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide is 4.8%. The hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide is added into the special sea cucumber feed according to the mass ratio of 1:4, so that the activity of the sea cucumber can be improved, and the product quality is improved.
Example 3
The biological organic fertilizer is prepared by using waste padding, and EM (effective microorganism) bacterium powder with the mass fraction of 0.1% is added.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs are pollution-free mushroom dregs discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging, the water content is 45% -55%, the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs are naturally aired for 4 days, turning and throwing are carried out regularly, the water content is controlled to be below 20%, the actually measured water content is 15%, mildewed materials are discarded, and the rest is used for dairy cow bedding; directly discarding the mildewed materials in the airing process or using the mildewed materials as a subsequent pile-fermentation decomposed raw material, and spreading the dried mushroom dregs in a cowshed for 2-4cm, or adding the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs in an excrement collecting area, wherein the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs to the excrement is 1: 0.7-4; the method can effectively control sewage, air odor and plant diseases and insect pests in the culture area.
(2) Adding dry mushroom dregs or water into the waste padding to adjust the water content to 60 percent, detecting the C/N20-30, and controlling the pH value to 7. Adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder with the mass fraction of 0.3%, uniformly stirring, stacking, and performing pile fermentation at a ventilated place.
(3) Detecting the reactor core temperature to 55 ℃ on the 3 rd day of pile fermentation, turning the pile for the first time, turning the pile once every 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 60 ℃, and maintaining the high-temperature fermentation for 14 days. When the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, namely fermentation is finished, the C/N ratio is 13-16, and the decomposition is successful. Decomposing the padding to obtain the field organic fertilizer.
(4) In order to increase the activity of the organic fertilizer, EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial powder with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent is added and stirred uniformly.
A relatively barren land is selected as a test field in Dongying city of Shandong province, the basic land capability before cultivation is quick-acting N which is not detected, the quick-acting potassium content is 196mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 6.22 mg/kg, and the organic matter content is 0.97%. 3 biological organic fertilizer treatment areas are designed in the experimental field, and decomposed padding of 1t, 2t and 3t is applied to each mu of field respectively to serve as base fertilizer. Meanwhile, 2 control treatment areas are arranged, wherein one control treatment area is a blank control area, namely no fertilizer is applied; and secondly, in a fertilizer control area, 80 kg of compound fertilizer (gold and large compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 15 percent) is applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer. After ploughing, the corn is sown, different treatment areas are ridged and separated, and field management of the different treatment areas is consistent. The number of each treatment area and the arrangement of the base fertilizer are shown in Table 1, and each treatment area is 30m2. 10 seedlings are selected for each treatment in the seedling stage to detect relevant indexes.
TABLE 1 corn fertility test treatment area numbering and base fertilizer arrangement
After seedling emergence, plant heights, stem circumferences and fresh weights of different processing areas in the seedling stage are detected, and the table 2 shows the influence of different decomposed padding materials on the growth of the corn seedlings.
TABLE 2 detection of physiological indexes of maize seedlings in different fertilizer treatment areas
As can be seen from Table 2, the 1t-3t treatment is superior to the blank CK treatment in plant height, stem circumference and fresh weight indexes. After 3 t/mu of decomposed padding is applied as base fertilizer, the seedling indexes are superior to those of the treated by chemical fertilizer CK. The organic fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of crops, can reduce the application amount of fertilizers in fields, and can be widely popularized as an excellent organic fertilizer.
Example 4
The biological organic fertilizer is prepared by using waste padding, and EM (effective microorganism) bacterium powder with the mass fraction of 0.1% is added.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs are pollution-free mushroom dregs discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging, the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs are dried for more than 24 hours in a solar drying oven or naturally aired for 4 days, turning and throwing are carried out at regular time, the detected water content is 15%, mildewed materials are discarded, and the rest is used for dairy cow bedding.
(2) Recovering waste padding containing cattle excrement in a cattle farm, adding waste residue obtained after extraction of hypsizigus marmoreus polysaccharide into the waste padding, adjusting the water content to be 60% by using dry mushroom residue or water, performing multipoint sampling, detecting that the C/N is 23-30, and adjusting the pH to be 6.7; and adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder with the mass fraction of 0.5%, uniformly stirring, stacking, and performing pile fermentation at a ventilated place.
(3) Detecting the reactor core temperature to 55 ℃ on the 3 rd day of pile fermentation, turning the pile for the first time, turning the pile once every 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 60 ℃, and maintaining the high-temperature fermentation for 14 days. When the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, namely fermentation is finished, and the decomposition is successful. Decomposing the padding to obtain the field organic fertilizer.
(4) In order to increase the activity of the organic fertilizer, EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial powder with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent is added and stirred uniformly.
Example 5
The biological organic fertilizer is prepared by using waste padding, and EM (effective microorganism) bacterium powder with the mass fraction of 0.1% is added.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs are pollution-free mushroom dregs discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging, the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs are dried for more than 24 hours in a solar drying oven or naturally aired for 4 days, turning and throwing are carried out at regular time, the detected water content is 15%, mildewed materials are discarded, and the rest is used for dairy cow bedding.
(2) Recovering waste padding containing cattle excrement in a cattle farm, adding dry mushroom dregs or water into the waste padding to adjust the water content to be 60%, sampling at multiple points, detecting that the C/N is 24 and the pH is 6.7; and adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder with the mass fraction of 0.1%, uniformly stirring, stacking, and performing pile fermentation at a ventilated place.
(3) Detecting the reactor core temperature to 55 ℃ on the 4 th day of pile fermentation, turning the pile for the first time, turning the pile once every 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature at 55-60 ℃, and maintaining the high-temperature fermentation for 16 days. When the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, namely fermentation is finished, and the decomposition is successful. The decomposed padding is field organic fertilizer, and can be used as base fertilizer to be added into a field or used as additional fertilizer.
(4) In order to increase the activity of the organic fertilizer, EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial powder with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent is added and stirred uniformly.
Example 6
The preparation of the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter comprises the following operation processes:
(1) the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs are pollution-free mushroom dregs discarded after industrial production and leftover materials discarded after packaging, are dried by a solar oven, and are subjected to sampling detection to obtain the water content of 12% for dairy cow bedding.
(2) Adding dry mushroom dregs or water into the waste padding to adjust the water content to be 60 percent, detecting C/N20-30, and controlling the pH to be 7; and adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder with the mass fraction of 0.3%, uniformly stirring, stacking, and performing pile fermentation at a ventilated place.
(3) Detecting the reactor core temperature to 60 ℃ on the 3 rd day of pile fermentation, turning the pile for the first time, turning the pile once every 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 60 ℃ and 65 ℃, and maintaining the high-temperature fermentation for 14 days. When the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, namely fermentation is finished, and the decomposition is successful. The decomposed padding can be used as field organic fertilizer.
(4) Taking 1kg of decomposed padding, adding 6L of sterilized water, mixing uniformly, subpackaging into a sterilized large-size triangular flask, and culturing on a shaking table at 80rpm for 12 hours. Heating the mixture to 70 deg.C for 10-20 min, and stopping heating. And (3) slightly cooling the mixture, filtering twice, separating filter residues to obtain 5.6L of filtrate, and diluting the filtrate by 5-10 times with sterilized water to obtain the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoting agent. The filter residue after the mixture is filtered can be directly returned to the field as the organic fertilizer after being cooled.
(5) Diluting the filtrate in the step (4) with water by 6 times, 8 times and 10 times to obtain 6X, 8X and 10X hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoting agents, adding 15mL of water into each fruiting bottle after mycelium stimulation, and adding 15mL of clear water into each control fruiting bottle. Putting the fruiting bottle into a fruiting room, and culturing at 22 deg.C for 2 days to recover mycelia; then the environmental temperature is maintained at 22-14 h/14-10 h, the air humidity is 96%, 480lx illumination is carried out, and ventilation is carried out once every 10-15 minutes to carry out bud forcing. Recording as the first day when the bud induction is started, enhancing ventilation after the bud is generated in 7-10 days, and continuously culturing for 22-25 days for harvesting.
(6) In the fruiting process of the hypsizygus marmoreus, on the day of starting bud forcing, the bud appearing time of fruiting bottles added with growth promoters with different concentrations, the fruiting time, the yield of each bottle, the product appearance and the mushroom taste are respectively counted. For each treatment, 10 bottles were counted, 5 persons were randomly selected for appearance and taste detection, and the questionnaire was filled after observation and tasting of the samples, and then the results were counted, and the detection results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of using various concentrations of Hypsizigus marmoreus growth-promoting agent on Hypsizigus marmoreus fruiting
As can be seen from the results in Table 3, the time for budding of hypsizigus marmoreus can be shortened after the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter is added, the yield of a single bottle is increased, the fruiting of the hypsizigus marmoreus is neat, and the appearance of the product is improved.
Claims (10)
1. A recycling method of hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste is characterized by comprising the following 4 modes:
(1) the hypsizigus marmoreus stems are used as raw materials to prepare the feed additive;
(2) taking hypsizigus marmoreus residues as cattle pen padding;
(3) piling and fermenting waste padding containing hypsizigus marmoreus residues to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer;
(4) and (3) preparing the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoting agent by using the fermentation product of the mode (3).
2. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste according to claim 1, wherein the mode (1) is to prepare the feed additive by taking hypsizigus marmoreus stems as raw materials, and comprises the steps of preparing mushroom residue powder as the feed additive and preparing hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide as the feed additive.
3. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste according to claim 2, wherein the operation steps for preparing the mushroom residue powder as the feed additive are as follows: collecting clean and pollution-free hypsizigus marmoreus stems; then naturally airing for more than 48h, or drying for more than 24h in a drying box at 60 ℃; and crushing the dried mushroom stems, sieving the crushed mushroom stems by a sieve of 0.5mm to prepare mushroom residue powder, wherein the mushroom residue powder can be used as a cattle feed additive, and the waste materials can be mixed with mushroom residues to be used as padding.
4. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste according to claim 3, wherein the mushroom residue powder is added as a cattle feed additive according to the mass ratio of 0-5% of a common feed.
5. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste according to claim 2, wherein the operation steps for preparing hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide as a feed additive are as follows: weighing the mushroom dreg powder, adding water according to the proportion of 1g of mushroom dreg powder to 10-50mL of water, and stirring and mixing; adding the mixed solution into ultrasonic extraction equipment, and extracting for 60 minutes at the temperature of 60 ℃; carrying out suction filtration on the sample liquid to remove macromolecular protein; concentrating the solution by using a multistage concentrator under the conditions that the temperature is 95 ℃ and the liquid inlet flow rate is 80 mL/min; adding 95% ethanol into the concentrated solution until the final concentration of ethanol is 80%; keeping the temperature at 4 ℃ and standing overnight, filtering again and then carrying out spray drying or drying by using a solar drying oven, wherein the product is the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide, the average yield of the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide is 4.8%, and the obtained hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide is used as a sea cucumber feed additive.
6. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the hypsizigus marmoreus crude polysaccharide as a sea cucumber feed additive to a common feed is 1: 4-9.
7. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste according to claim 1, wherein the mode (2) of the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom dregs as the cattle pen bedding is that: selecting pollution-free mushroom residues after the industrialized production of hypsizigus marmoreus, wherein the water content of the mushroom residues is 45-55%, naturally spreading and airing or drying in an oven, controlling the water content to be below 20% to prevent mildew, directly discarding mildew materials in the airing process or using the mildew materials as a raw material for subsequent pile fermentation and decomposition, spreading the dried mushroom residues in a cowshed for 2-4cm, or adding the hypsizigus marmoreus mushroom residues in an excrement collecting region, wherein the mass ratio of the mushroom residues to excrement is 1: 0.7-4; the method can effectively control sewage, air odor and plant diseases and insect pests in the culture area.
8. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste material according to claim 1, wherein the mode (3) for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer by piling and fermenting the waste padding containing hypsizigus marmoreus dregs comprises the following operation steps: recovering the waste padding used in the mode (2), finely adjusting the C/N of the waste padding to be 20-30, regulating the water content of the waste padding to be 55-65% by using water or dried mushroom dregs, and simultaneously controlling the pH of the waste padding to be 6.0-8.0; after the adjustment is finished, adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder with the mass ratio of 0.1-0.5%, stacking after uniformly stirring, and performing pile fermentation at a ventilated place; detecting the reactor core temperature in the pile fermentation for 1-3 days, and turning the reactor core for the first time when the reactor core temperature reaches 55-65 ℃; turning over once in 1-2 days, maintaining the core temperature between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃, and fermenting at high temperature for 10-20 days; when the temperature of the reactor core is lower than 50 ℃ and does not rise any more, finishing fermentation to obtain decomposed padding with the C/N ratio of 13-16, namely biological organic fertilizer; or EM bacterial powder with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent is added on the basis of the decomposed padding to serve as the bio-organic fertilizer.
9. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste according to claim 1, wherein the mode (4) for preparing the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter using the fermentation product of the mode (3) comprises the following steps: adding sterilized water into the fermentation product in the mode (3) according to the mass-volume ratio of 1:5-50, uniformly mixing, and then injecting into a triangular flask or other open containers; shaking and extracting for 12-24h at 60-120rpm of a normal temperature shaking table; after extraction, heating the mixed solution to 70 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-20 minutes, stopping heating and cooling; filtering the mixture, and diluting the filtrate by 5-10 times with sterilized water to obtain the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter; the filter residue after the mixture is filtered can be used as an organic fertilizer or a plant cultivation medium.
10. The method for recycling hypsizigus marmoreus industrial production waste according to claim 9, wherein the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter is used by a method comprising: (1) when the raw materials for producing the hypsizigus marmoreus are mixed, the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter is added into the raw materials to replace water for adjusting the humidity; (2) the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter is used for replacing water to configure a PDA flat plate; (3) adding the hypsizigus marmoreus growth promoter into the mushroom growing bottles subjected to mycelium stimulation according to the using amount of 10-20 ml/bottle for growing mushrooms.
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Application publication date: 20191231 |