CN110603097A - 高硅铝比的纳米沸石催化剂 - Google Patents
高硅铝比的纳米沸石催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110603097A CN110603097A CN201880023565.8A CN201880023565A CN110603097A CN 110603097 A CN110603097 A CN 110603097A CN 201880023565 A CN201880023565 A CN 201880023565A CN 110603097 A CN110603097 A CN 110603097A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- zeolite
- product
- silica
- alumina
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 ethylene, propylene, butylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GNUJKXOGRSTACR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-adamantyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1([N+](C)(C)C)C3 GNUJKXOGRSTACR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AMVQGJHFDJVOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O AMVQGJHFDJVOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEPPYVOSGKWVSJ-RRKCRQDMSA-N (1s,3r,4r)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-amine Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1C2 JEPPYVOSGKWVSJ-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRNSSRODJSSVEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentacosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C ZRNSSRODJSSVEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001579 aluminosilicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MAYPHUUCLRDEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine peroxide Chemical compound ClOOCl MAYPHUUCLRDEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluoromethane Natural products FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012686 silicon precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7015—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
- B01J29/743—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/76—Iron group metals or copper
- B01J29/763—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/783—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Abstract
一种催化剂包括沸石,该沸石具有:CHA结构;粒径小于或等于100纳米;以及硅铝摩尔比为50:1~约150:1。所述催化剂可包括一种金属掺杂剂。所述催化剂通过使反应物流过催化剂以形成产物,以及冷凝或分离所述产物的方法可用于纯化产品。所述产物可以是烯烃或者是碳链增加的烯烃。所述催化剂可用于氮氧化物的选择性催化还原或气液反应。催化剂的制备方法可以包括:根据二氧化硅前驱体和氧化铝前驱体的比例来选择晶体生长抑制剂的浓度,使沸石晶体的平均粒径小于或等于100纳米。
Description
技术领域
本发明的领域涉及纳米铝硅酸盐沸石SSZ-13催化剂在反应物转化为预期产物中的应用。
附图说明
下面结合附图进行描述,各实施例的技术特征以及优点更容易理解。所述附图不应被解释为对最佳实施例的限定。
图1是用纳米铝硅酸盐催化剂从反应物形成产物的系统反应器示意图。
图2-7是根据如示例部分所讨论的不同的实施例对各种沸石的扫描电子显微镜的“SEM”图像。
具体实施例
沸石是一种微孔、铝硅酸盐矿物,可用作各种化学反应的催化剂。本发明所述的“催化剂”是指改变化学反应速率的物质。沸石自然产生或可合成。沸石一般包括硅(Si)、铝(Al)和氧(O),还可以包括钛(Ti)、锡(Sn)、锌(Zn)和铜(Cu)等其他元素。沸石可以根据其结构进行分类。例如,一种沸石,由双六元环单元组成的四面体构型构成,且连接形成具有八元环孔窗的孔穴体,可归类为具有菱沸石(CHA)结构的沸石。合成CHA沸石的一个例子是SSZ-13。在沸石晶体的合成过程中,可以使用结构导向剂(SDA)来制备所需结构的晶体。
SSZ-13可用作多种化学反应的催化剂,例如,SSZ-13催化剂可以用来从氯甲烷或甲醇反应物中生产烯烃。SSZ-13沸石也可以包含其他元素,如铜。例如,可以使用Cu-SSZ-13催化剂从烷烃反应物生成醇,并提供选择性催化还原(SCR),将氮氧化物(NOx)转化为双原子氮和水。
SSZ-13催化剂在其他工业产品的生产和减少环境影响方面起着至关重要的作用。例如,乙烯(一种烯烃)是用量最大的有机化工原料之一,可用作生产聚乙烯等聚合物和许多其他化学品和产品的中间原料。此外,氮氧化物是通过燃烧矿物燃料而产生的一种主要大气污染物,例如在柴油发动机中。许多负面的环境影响包括温室效应、酸雨和臭氧消耗是由于大气中含有氮氧化物造成的。
沸石一般可以通过二氧化硅-氧化铝前驱体的缓慢结晶而合成,一般为凝胶。沸石的晶体结构和其他性能取决于体系的前驱体、系统的pH值、温度、晶种时间和反应时间。晶体的大小对沸石的催化性能有着重要的影响。例如,小的或纳米级的晶体具有较高的几何比表面积;因此,与较大的晶体相比,表面附近容易进入的沸石笼数目要高得多。此外,这些小的或纳米级的晶体也能提供较短的扩散路径长度,这在使用沸石催化剂的许多反应中都是非常重要的。在沸石晶体的合成过程中,可以加入一种生长抑制剂来产生所需尺寸的晶体。
已成功地制备了纳米SSZ-13沸石晶体。这些SSZ-13沸石典型地具有低的二氧化硅(SiO2)与氧化铝(Al2O3)摩尔比值,小于40:1或20:1。成功地制备出这些低摩尔比、纳米级的SSZ-13沸石晶体的能力似乎取决于所用生长抑制剂的浓度。然而,需要合成硅铝前驱体摩尔比较高的纳米SSZ-13沸石,这也是业界关注的问题。一般情况下,摩尔比的增加会增加单个酸性位点的强度。然而,在较低的摩尔比下,即使存在较多的酸性位点,它们的个体强度也较弱。
本发明出乎意料地发现可以合成出纳米级、高摩尔比的SSZ-13沸石晶体。所制得的沸石晶体可用作各种化学反应的催化剂。沸石晶体中还可以包含其他元素,如铜,这些元素甚至在其他化学反应中也是有用的。这种化学反应包括通常使用小的或大的晶体的任何反应,纳米晶体有利地为反应物提供了更大的几何表面积和较短的扩散路径长度。
应理解的是,关于催化剂的优选实施例的讨论旨在说明催化剂的组成和制备方法的实施例。
根据一些实施例,一种沸石,具有:CHA结构;粒径小于或等于100纳米;以及硅铝摩尔比约为50:1~150:1。
根据一些实施例,所述沸石是一种具有菱沸石(CHA)结构的铝硅酸盐SSZ-13沸石。本发明所述“铝硅酸盐沸石”是一种在骨架结构中不包括磷原子的沸石。根据下述氧化物的摩尔比:(0.5~1.0)R2O:(0~0.50)M2O—W2O3:(大于5)YO,可以在无水状态下合成SSZ-13,其中M是碱金属阳离子,W是选自铝、镓或其混合物组成的一组中,Y是选自硅、锗或其混合物组成的一组中,R是一种低烷基季铵阳离子化合物。
沸石催化剂的孔径可从约3埃到约对于SSZ-13,孔径一般约为沸石催化剂的孔体积约为每克0.29毫升(毫升/克)。
沸石的粒径小于或等于100纳米(nm)。根据其他实施例,沸石的粒径小于或等于50nm。一般来说,沸石晶体的形状并不均匀。因此,晶体可以有不同的尺寸,例如,截面长度。本发明任何提及沸石或沸石晶体的“粒径”,均指晶体最大尺寸处的平均粒径。例如,沸石晶体的最大尺寸为80nm,较小尺寸小于80nm。“平均粒径”可以包括落在平均值之上和之下的沸石晶体。
该铝硅酸盐沸石催化剂可包括其他金属作为掺杂剂。作为掺杂剂的金属的例子包括但不限于铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)和钼(Mo)。选择的掺杂剂类型取决于催化剂所应用的具体化学反应。例如,Cu-SSZ-13催化剂可用于从烷烃反应物生成醇以及氮氧化物(NOx)的选择性催化还原(SCR)。可以使用如浸渍、离子交换、化学沉积等已知的掺杂技术将掺杂剂添加到催化剂中。除其他外,掺杂剂的浓度取决于催化剂的期望活性。该掺杂剂的质量百分浓度范围为0.00001wt%~5wt%。
在一些实施例中,一种制备催化剂的方法包括:结合一种二氧化硅前驱体和一种氧化铝前驱体,其中二氧化硅前驱体与氧化铝前驱体的比例范围为约50:1~约150:1;添加晶体生长抑制剂;添加结构导向剂;以及,晶化沸石,其中,沸石晶体有一个CHA结构,平均粒径小于或等于100纳米。
二氧化硅前驱体和氧化铝前驱体可以包括二氧化硅(包括二氧化硅胶体水悬浮液)、硫酸铝、十八水硫酸铝、氢氧化铝或铝酸钠。该方法还可以包括添加其他成分,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾和去离子水。结合前驱体、可选的其他成分、晶体生长抑制剂和结构导向剂加热至所需的温度持续所需的时间使沸石结晶成CHA型结构。所需的温度范围为约150℃至约170℃。所需时间为约3天至约6天。
所述结构导向剂可以是任何能生成具有CHA结构沸石的试剂。生成具有CHA结构沸石的结构导向剂的适当例子包括,但不限于,N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基氢氧化铵(N,N,N-1-trimethyladamantammonium hydroxide),苄基三甲基氢氧化铵(benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide),氯化胆碱(choline chloride),N-烷基-3-喹核醇(N alkyl-3-quinuclidinol),N,N,N-三-烷基-1-金刚烷胺(N,N,N-tri-alkyl-l-adamantammonium),或N,N,N-三烷基-外-2-氨基降冰片烷(N,N,N-trialkyléexoaminonorbornane),或其组合。结构导向剂的浓度范围可以是溶液的9wt%~18wt%。
晶体生长抑制剂可以是聚乙烯亚胺"PEI"。一种由重复单元组成的大分子聚合物,通常通过共价化学键连接。聚合物的重复单元的数量称为聚合物的链长。聚合物的平均分子量,直接与聚合物的平均链长相关。聚合物的平均分子量对聚合物的一些物理特性例如其溶解度有影响。对于共聚物,每个单体将重复一定次数(重复单位数)。共聚物的平均分子量(Mw)可以表示如下:
Mw=∑wxMx
其中wx是重量为Mx的分子的重量分数。在一些实施例中,所述聚乙烯亚胺的分子量范围约1,000~约5,000。
根据一些实施例,晶体生长抑制剂(例如,聚乙烯亚胺)的浓度约为二氧化硅前驱体和氧化铝前驱体总重的约0.1%~约1.0%的重量百分比。在一些其他实施例中,根据所述二氧化硅前驱物和所述氧化铝前驱物的比例来选择所述晶体生长抑制剂的浓度,使得所述沸石晶体的平均粒径小于或等于100nm。根据硅前驱体和氧化铝前驱体的比例也可以选择晶体生长抑制剂的浓度,使沸石晶体的平均粒径小于或等于50nm。本发明出乎意料地发现,晶体生长抑制剂的浓度低于高硅铝摩尔比的SSZ-13沸石被认为所需的浓度。以往的研究表明,对于低硅铝比的SSZ-13沸石,需要更高浓度的晶体生长抑制剂。因此,认为相同或相似浓度的晶体生长抑制剂适用于高摩尔比。然而,这些浓度并没有产生纳米级尺寸的SSZ-13晶体。此处所述“高硅铝摩尔比”指大于40:1的比率,“低硅铝比”是指小于40:1的比率。
在一些其他实施例中,一种纯化产品的方法包括:提供沸石催化剂;使反应物流过催化剂以形成产物;冷凝或分离所述产物。
在一些实施例中,所述催化剂用于生产烯烃。反应物可以选自卤代烷(如氯甲烷和溴甲烷)、醇(例如甲醇)或烷基胺(例如甲胺)。产物可以是烯烃(如乙烯、丁烯、丙烯等)。虽然以下讨论涉及使用该催化剂由卤代烷生产烯烃,但应理解的是,下述实施例同样适用于其他反应物生产烯烃。
反应物可以作为进料流过催化剂。卤代烷进料可以包括一种或多种卤代烷。所述的卤代烷进料可含有一卤代烷、二卤代烷、三卤代烷;优选地,一卤代烷相对于总卤化物的比例低于其他卤化物的10%。卤代烷进料也可以包括惰性化合物,如氮气、氦和蒸汽。进料中的卤代烷可以具有以下结构式:CnH(2n+2)-mXm,其中n和m是整数;n的范围是1~5,优选是1~3;更优选为1,m的范围1~3,优选是1;X是Br,F,I,或Cl。在一些实施例,所述进料包括至少50wt%的卤代烷,其反应条件足以产生含C2-C4烯烃的烯烃产物。另一方面,进料中可包括至少75wt%,优选是至少80wt%,更优选是至少90wt%的卤代烷。卤代烷的非限制性例子包括氯甲烷、溴甲烷、氟甲烷或碘甲烷,或其任何组合。优选的卤代甲烷是氯甲烷。所述进料包括含氧化合物(例如,醇)。含氧化合物可以是甲醇、乙醇或其组合物。
SSZ-13催化剂催化卤代烷转化为C2-C4烯烃。反应方案(1)是使用SSZ-13催化剂将氯甲烷转化为乙烯、丙烯和丁烯的一例子。
其中X是Br、F、I、或Cl。该反应除生成C2-C4烯烃外,还可产生甲烷、C5烯烃、C2-C5烷烃以及如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族化合物等的副产物。所产生的副产物可以从烯烃产品流中分离出来,并用于其他下游过程。例如,HCL可以由卤代烷生成。HCL可与所述烯烃产品分离,并提供给氧化氯氢化反应单元。在氧化氯氢化反应中,HCL可以与甲烷和氧气反应生成氯甲烷和水。所生成的氯甲烷可再循环进料,用于生产烯烃。
生产烯烃的条件包括温度、时间、卤代烷浓度、空速和压力。生产烯烃的温度范围可为约200~约600℃,或者约300℃~约500℃。卤代烷的重时空速(WHSV)高于0.5h-1,优选为0.5~10h-1,更优选为0.5~5h-1之间,甚至最优选为0.5~3h-1。在压力小于1.4MPa(200Psig)或在大气条件下,卤代烷可转化为烯烃。通常,生产烯烃的条件可能会根据反应器的类型而有所不同。该方法还可包括收集或储存所生成的烯烃产品,以及使用所生成的烯烃产品生产石油化学产品或聚合物。
在一些其他实施例,所述催化剂可用于生产具有增加碳链的烯烃。例如,反应物可以是乙烯,产物可以是丙烯。
在一些其他实施例中,所述催化剂还包括金属,例如铜。因此,催化剂可以是纳米Cu-SSZ-13。虽然下述实施例的讨论涉及到Cu-SSZ-13,但应理解的是,可以使用其他金属如铁或钴来代替铜。与Nh4/H-SSZ-13酸形态沸石相比,铜与铝硅酸盐沸石交换后,SSZ-13的热稳定性显著提高。Cu-SSZ-13通常比其他铜沸石如Cu-ZSM-5具有更高的热稳定性。[0029]在一些实施例中,所述Cu-SSZ-13催化剂用于选择性催化还原(SCR)或氮氧化物(NOx)的deNOx。该实施例中,反应物是氮氧化物。产物可以是氮气和水。进料流可以包括废气,例如来自柴油发动机的废气。进料流还可以包括气体还原剂,通常将无水氨、氨水或尿素添加到烟道或废气流中,且被吸附到催化剂上。当尿素作为还原剂时,反应产物可以是二氧化碳。
当气体通过催化剂室时发生NOx的还原反应。进入催化剂室前,注入氨或其他还原剂(如尿素)并与气体混合。使用无水氨或氨水进行选择性催化还原过程的化学计量方程式如下反应方案(2)-(4),可能发生的几种二次反应如反应方案(5)-(7)所示:
(2)4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O
(3)2NO2+4NH3+O2→3N2+6H2O
(4)NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O
(5)2SO2+O2→2SO3
(6)2NH3+SO3+H2O→(NH4)2SO4
(7)NH3+SO3+H2O→NH4HSO4
在一些实施例中,所述Cu-SSZ-13催化剂可用于气液(GTL)反应。该实施例中,所述反应物是一种具有C1~C6碳链的脂肪烃,产物则是反应物的醇。例如,反应物可以是甲烷(CH4),产物可以是甲醇。所述方法还可包括其他步骤。例如,甲烷转化为甲醇的步骤包括:(i)Cu-SSZ-13和O2的高温(≥450℃)氧化;(ii)将甲烷在较低温度(120-200℃)下接触Cu-SSZ-13;(iii)在液相或气相进水。
催化剂可具有所需活性,催化活性可以用被转化的反应物(如氯甲烷、甲烷和乙烯)的量来衡量,并且可以用被转换的反应物相对于进入反应体系的反应物的摩尔百分比来表达。在一些实施例中,在操作条件下该催化剂具有至少70%的活性,或者更佳为至少90%的活性。
所述催化剂还具有可对所需产物(例如烯烃、醇和氮气)的预期选择性。在一些实施例中,在操作条件下,所述催化剂对所需产品的预期选择性至少为60%或至少70%。
参照图1,一种反应器系统10,使用所述铝硅酸盐催化剂将反应物转化为产物。系统10可以包括反应物进料11、反应器12和收集装置13。反应物进料11可以配置成经由反应器上的入口17与反应器12进行流体相通。配置反应物进料以调节进入反应器12的反应物的量。反应物进料11也可包括其他流体,例如载液。反应器12可包括具有铝硅酸盐沸石催化剂14的反应区18。所述反应物进料11以及所用催化剂14的用量可按需要调整以使系统10生成预定量的产品。可使用的反应器的非限制性示例包括固定床反应器、流化床反应器、鼓泡床反应器、浆料反应器、回转窑反应器,或其任何组合用于需要两个或两个以上反应器的情形。在工业过程中,反应器12是带有催化剂再生装置的流化床反应器。反应器12可包括反应区18中生成的产品的出口15。收集装置13可通过出口15与反应器12进行流体连通。入口17和出口15均可根据需要打开和关闭。收集装置13可被配置为储存、进一步处理(例如,浓缩或分离)或为其他用途转移所需的反应产物。系统10还可包括热源16。热源16可被配置为将反应区18加热到足够将从反应物进料的反应物转化为产品所需的操作温度。热源16的非限制示例可以是温度控制炉。此外,任何未反应的反应物都可再循环至反应物的进料中,以进一步最大限度地全部将反应物转化为产物。
实例
为更好地理解本发明,以下示例揭露了优选实施例的某些方面。下述例子并不是本发明可提供的唯一例子,也不是为了限制本发明的范围。
铝硅酸盐沸石的制备:在装有磁力搅拌棒的塑料烧杯中,水与N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基氢氧化铵(下表中简称“R”)的结构导向剂相结合;如使用聚乙烯亚胺"PEI"晶体生长抑制剂,则其应在加入氧化铝源之前被加入且搅拌;然后在所述溶液中加入氧化铝源,用磁力搅拌板搅拌10-15min;搅拌加入二氧化硅源,使溶液在室温下老化24小时;例如,对于组成为100SiO2:60R:4000H2O:1Al2O3的典型35毫升合成反应,0.31克PEI和9.627克去离子水,与19.791克25%的N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基氢氧化铵相结合。该溶液为98%的十八水合硫酸铝和5.861克AS-40,AS-40为40wt%二氧化硅胶体水悬浮液。老化后,将溶液倒入高压聚四氟乙烯衬里的Parr反应器中,且在滚筒式合成炉中在150–170℃、大约35rpm的转速下晶化4-6天;冷却至室温后,将溶液转移至Falcon离心管并离心30-60分钟;然后倒出上清液,加入去离子水,将溶液混合并再次离心,该过程重复三次,最后的上清液倒去;将分离的沸石转移到陶瓷煅烧盘上,在90℃下干燥一夜,然后在550℃、升温速度为3℃/hr,在空气中加热7小时煅烧。为了制备该反应器的催化剂,将煅烧制得的粉末压制成20/40标准粒径。
表1所示为沸石的理论摩尔比和实际摩尔比。按二氧化硅和氧化铝前驱体的重量计,PEI的浓度为0.31wt%。结晶温度为170℃,晶化时间为5天。如图2-4所示,该沸石具有很好的晶体结构,平均粒径为100nm。
表1
表2所示为沸石的理论摩尔比和实际摩尔比。二氧化硅前驱体和氧化铝前驱体中不添加PEI。结晶温度为170℃,结晶时间为3天。如图5所示,沸石具有良好的晶体结构,平均粒径约为1,500nm。
表2
表3所示为沸石的理论摩尔比和实际摩尔比。按二氧化硅和氧化铝前驱体的重量计,PEI的浓度为1.5wt%。结晶温度为170℃,晶化时间为3天。如图6所示,没有形成沸石,因为得到的物质在结构上是无定形的。这表明,在硅铝比为100:1的情况下,1.5wt%的PEI浓度过高以至于不能形成沸石(例如,与图2-4的PEI浓度为0.31wt%相比)。本发明出乎意料地发现,晶体生长抑制剂的浓度低于高硅铝摩尔比的SSZ-13沸石被认为所需的浓度。以往的研究表明,对于低硅铝比的SSZ-13沸石,需要更高浓度的晶体生长抑制剂。因此,认为相同或相似浓度的晶体生长抑制剂(例如浓度≥1.0wt.%)适用于高摩尔比。如图所示,这些更高浓度并没有生成纳米级尺寸的SSZ-13晶体,而是生成了所不期望的无定形物质。
表3
表4所示与表3中相似浓度的沸石的理论和实际摩尔比,但没有添加PEI。结晶温度为170℃,晶化时间为3天。如图7所示,沸石具有良好的晶体结构,但平均粒径约为3,000nm。这表明,为了获得纳米级沸石晶体必须加入PEI。此外,还表明过高的PEI浓度会阻止物质形成沸石,如图6所示,PEI浓度(为1.5wt%)过高而不能形成沸石。
表4
因此,本发明很好地适用于达到其目的和优点。上述具体实施例仅作示范,因为在本领域的技术人员根据这些实施例的教导可显而易见地改进或等同替换地以不同方式实施本发明。此外,除权利要求之外,上述实施例的实施或设计细节并不限定本发明的保护范围。因此,很明显,上述具体的说明性实施例可以被改进或修改,所有这些变化都属于本发明的范围。
本发明所用“由…组成”、“有”、“包括”等词及其所有语法变体都旨在具有不排除附加元素或步骤的开放、无限制的含义。当组分、系统和方法被描述为“由…组成”、“包含”或“包括”各种成分或步骤时,组分、系统和方法也可以“基本上由”或“由”各种成分和步骤组成。
凡披露有下限和上限的数值范围时,凡属于该范围内的任何数字和任何包含范围均予已被具体揭露。具体而言,每一个值范围(形式上的“大约a到大约b”,或相当于“大约a到b”,或相当于“大约a-b”),在本发明中披露的任何一个字都应被理解为包括在更广泛的值范围内的每一个数字和范围。权利要求书中的术语均有其普通含义,本发明中有明确或清楚地限定除外。此外,权利要求书中所使用的不定冠词“一”或“一个”,应定义为一个或多个所指要素。如果本说明书中某个词或术语的用法与本说明书所援引包含的一项或多项专利或其他文件有任何冲突,则应采用与本发明的说明书一致的定义。
Claims (20)
1.一种催化剂,包括:
一种沸石,其中所述沸石具有:
CHA结构;
粒径小于或等于100纳米;以及
硅铝摩尔比范围是约50:1~约150:1。
2.如权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述沸石的粒径小于或等于50纳米。
3.如权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述沸石还包括一种金属掺杂剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述掺杂剂选自铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)或钼(Mo)。
5.一种制备催化剂的方法,包括:
结合一种二氧化硅前驱体和一种氧化铝前驱体,其中,二氧化硅前驱体与氧化铝前驱体的比例范围是约50:1~约150:1;
添加晶体生长抑制剂;
添加结构导向剂;以及
晶化沸石,其中沸石晶体有CHA结构,平均粒径小于或等于100纳米。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述晶体生长抑制剂是聚乙烯亚胺。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯亚胺的分子量为约1,000~约5,000。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,聚乙烯亚胺的浓度为二氧化硅前驱体和氧化铝前驱体总重的约0.1%~约1.0%。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,聚乙烯亚胺的浓度是根据二氧化硅前驱体和氧化铝前驱体的比例来选择的,使得沸石晶体的平均粒径小于或等于100纳米。
10.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述结构导向剂是选自N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基氢氧化铵,苄基三甲基氢氧化铵,氯化胆碱,N-烷基-3-喹核醇,N,N,N-三-烷基-1-金刚烷胺,或N,N,N-三烷基-外-2-氨基降冰片烷,或其组合物。
11.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,结构导向剂的浓度约为二氧化硅和氧化铝前驱体总重的约9wt%~约18wt%。
12.一种纯化产品的方法,包括:
制备一种催化剂,所述催化剂包括沸石,其中,所述沸石具有:
CHA结构;
粒径小于或等于100纳米;以及
硅铝摩尔比约为约50:1~约150:1;
将反应物流过催化剂以形成产物;以及
冷凝或分离所述产物。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应物是选自氯甲烷、甲醇、溴甲烷、甲胺及其组合物组成的一组物质,所述产物为烯烃。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述产物为乙烯、丙烯、丁烯或其组合。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂用于生成碳链增加的烯烃。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应物为乙烯,所述产物为丙烯。
17.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂还包括金属掺杂剂,所述掺杂剂选自铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)或钼(Mo)。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂用于氮氧化物的选择性催化还原,其中,反应物为氮氧化物,产物为氮气和水。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂用于气液反应,其中所述反应物是碳链为C1~C6的脂肪烃,所述产物是反应物的醇。
20.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂在操作条件下具有至少70%的活性和至少60%的选择性。
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Cited By (4)
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CN113351244A (zh) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-07 | 吉林大学 | 一种cha分子筛及其制备方法、脱硝催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN113351244B (zh) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-09-16 | 吉林大学 | 一种cha分子筛及其制备方法、脱硝催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN113479897A (zh) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-08 | 常州大学 | 利用凹凸棒石制备二维纳米片硅酸盐的方法及其应用 |
CN113479897B (zh) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-10-24 | 常州大学 | 利用凹凸棒石制备二维纳米片硅酸盐的方法及其应用 |
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US11185849B2 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
US20200023342A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
WO2018187141A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
SA519410218B1 (ar) | 2022-08-16 |
DE112018001853T5 (de) | 2019-12-12 |
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