CN110593397A - A multi-storey prefabricated panel building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-layer prefabricated slab building, which includes a foundation, a slab load-bearing wall, a construction column, a floor/roof board, a parapet, a staircase and/or an elevator. The slab-type load-bearing wall and parapet adopt aerated concrete slabs or light aggregate concrete slabs, and according to the design requirements, concrete structural columns are set at the four corners of the outer wall and the corresponding corners, the four corners of the building/elevator room, and the intersection of vertical and horizontal walls. Concrete ring beams are set at the floor and roof.

Description

A multi-storey prefabricated panel building

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of building components and structures and their construction, and relates to a slab-type load-bearing wall and structural columns, and a corresponding multi-layer assembled slab-type building.

technical background

In February 2019, the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Notice on Carrying out the Pilot Work of Rural Housing Construction", proposing to promote the application of modern rural housing construction methods, requiring "promote modern rural housing construction methods according to local conditions. Green and energy-saving methods must be applied. New technologies, new products, new processes, and exploration of architectural application technologies such as prefabricated buildings and passive sun houses.” The construction of prefabricated farm houses has become an important starting point for promoting the strategy of rural revitalization.

At present, prefabricated concrete structures are widely used in urban residences. The inner load-bearing walls are made of precast concrete wall panels, the outer load-bearing walls are made of precast concrete sandwich insulation outer wall panels, and the floor slabs are made of prefabricated concrete laminated panels. The components are large and heavy, and the foundation design of rural roads is difficult to meet the requirements of component transportation and installation. In addition, prefabricated concrete structures have high technical requirements and high construction costs, making it difficult to popularize them in rural areas.

For many years, masonry structure buildings have been widely used in the vast rural areas of our country because of their low technical requirements, good economy, and flexible and convenient applications. However, with the development of my country's economy and society, traditional masonry structures are also facing challenges: the production of ordinary clay bricks destroys cultivated land and the building's thermal insulation performance is poor; the aging trend of construction workers is becoming more and more serious; on-site construction labor conditions are poor, The labor intensity is high; the environmental pollution of the construction site is relatively serious. The traditional masonry structure has been difficult to meet the requirements of sustainable development and high-quality development of my country's construction industry.

The aerated concrete slab or light aggregate concrete slab adopted by the invention has a high degree of standardization and high industrial production efficiency. The secondary processing of components is completely dry, with simple technology and low pollution. The building components of the invention have light weight, are convenient for transportation and installation, can meet the requirements of building self-insulation and building fire prevention, meet the requirements of the development of prefabricated buildings in my country, and are especially suitable for the needs of housing construction in vast rural areas of my country.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a slab load-bearing wall and a structural column, as well as a corresponding multi-layer prefabricated slab building and a construction method thereof.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a multi-story prefabricated slab building comprising a foundation, slab load-bearing walls, structural columns, floor/roof slabs, parapets, and stairs and/or elevators, wherein:

The slab-type load-bearing wall includes a plurality of concrete wall panels, which are applied sideways and are processed with full-length or intermittent grooves on the top surface. The vertical joints between horizontally adjacent wall panels are generally staggered. Semicircular or polygonal grooves are provided at the vertical joints;

The wallboard is connected to the construction column, and the wallboard is provided with a buttress at the connection;

Horizontal tie bars are provided in the horizontal joints between the wall panels on the upper and lower floors to connect with the concrete construction columns.

The foundation is an ordinary concrete foundation or an ordinary masonry foundation.

The wallboard is prepared by using air-entrained concrete or light aggregate concrete.

The vertical joints between the horizontally adjacent wall panels are generally staggered, and the stagger distance is not less than half of the height of the wall panels. However, due to the needs of project implementation, when the vertical joints form through joints, Lap joint connecting steel bars are arranged in the horizontal joints, and vertical through steel bars are arranged in the side grooves.

According to the design requirements, cast-in-situ concrete structural columns are arranged at the four corners of the outer wall and the corresponding corners, the four corners of the building/elevator room, and the corners of the intersection of vertical and horizontal walls of the slab-type load-bearing wall.

At the connection between the wallboard and the construction column, a horse-toothed chassis can be formed by staggering the installation, or a horse-toothed chassis can be pre-processed at the connection between the wallboard and the construction column.

At the concrete ring beam, the top surface of the wallboard below the concrete ring beam is processed with a full-length groove to form the lower profile of the concrete ring beam, and the width of the groove is the same as the section width of the concrete ring beam consistent, the depth of the groove is determined by the section height of the ring beam and the thickness of the floor/roof slab; when the slab-type load-bearing wall is an interior wall, the groove is located in the middle of the wall thickness; when the slab-type load-bearing wall is an exterior wall , the groove is located on the inside of the wall, forming an L-shaped configuration at the top of the wall.

The multi-layer prefabricated aerated concrete slab building can be used in residential buildings such as residences, homestays and country hotels.

The aerated concrete slab or light aggregate concrete slab adopted by the invention has a high degree of standardization and high industrial production efficiency. The secondary processing of components is completely dry, with simple technology and low pollution. The building components of the invention have light weight, are convenient for transportation and installation, can meet the requirements of building self-insulation and building fire prevention, meet the requirements of the development of prefabricated buildings in my country, and are especially suitable for the needs of housing construction in vast rural areas of my country.

Description of drawings

The foregoing brief introduction and the following detailed description of the present invention will be better understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-storey prefabricated panel building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram of an external corner of a heat-insulating outer wall in a prefabricated panel building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of the inner corner of the thermal insulation outer wall in the prefabricated panel building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 600mm high ordinary wallboard according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 600mm high thermal insulation exterior wall panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an inner wall panel under a ring beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an outer wall panel under a ring beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical solutions, innovative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further elaborated and described below in conjunction with specific illustrations and through the following specific embodiments.

In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, the multi-storey prefabricated panel building of the present invention includes a foundation, a panel load-bearing wall 110, a construction column 120, a floor/roof panel, a parapet and stairs and/or or elevator, where:

The slab-type load-bearing wall 110 includes a plurality of concrete wall panels 112, which are applied sideways and are processed with full-length or intermittent grooves 111 on the top surface. The vertical joints 114a between horizontally adjacent wall panels 112 are generally staggered, so The side of the wall panel 112 is provided with a semicircular or polygonal groove 119 at the vertical joint 114a;

The wallboard 112 is connected to the construction column 120, and the wallboard 112 is provided with a horse-toothed frame 140 at the joint;

The horizontal joints 114b between the upper and lower wall panels 112 are provided with horizontal tie bars to connect with the concrete construction columns 120 .

The multi-layer prefabricated aerated concrete slab building can be used in residential buildings such as residences, homestays and country hotels. For example, the number of floors of the building shall not exceed 8 floors, the storey height shall not exceed 3.6m, and the room bay shall not exceed 4.8m.

In one embodiment, the foundation is a common concrete foundation or a common masonry foundation.

The wall panel 112 is made of aerated concrete or light aggregate concrete, and the strength level of the panel is LC2.5-LC15. The board length generally does not exceed 4.2m, the board thickness is 200-400mm, the board height is 200mm-600mm, and the commonly used board heights are 300mm and 600mm.

The groove 111 on the top surface of the wallboard 112 is 5-25mm deep, and the width of the groove 111 is 40-100mm smaller than the thickness of the wallboard 112 .

Between the upper and lower floors and the horizontally adjacent wallboards 112, special mortar connection suitable for the material strength grade of the wallboards 112 is adopted, and the connection methods include masonry connection and grouting connection after the board seams reserved for surface sealing , For example, the net width of the seam is 3mm-20mm.

The vertical joints 114a between the horizontally adjacent wall panels 112 are generally staggered, and the stagger distance is not less than half of the height of the wall panels 112. In this case, the overlapping connecting steel bar can be arranged in the horizontal joint 114b, and the overlapping connecting steel bar adopts smooth round steel bar or ribbed steel bar. For example, the diameter of the steel bars is 6-10 mm, the number of steel bars along the wall thickness direction is 2-3, and the length of the steel bars anchored into the two sides of the joints of the slab bearing wall 110 is 150-600 mm.

According to the design requirements, cast-in-place concrete structural columns 120 are arranged at the corners of the slab bearing wall 110 including the four corners of the outer wall and the corresponding corners, the four corners of the building/elevator room, and the junction of vertical and horizontal walls.

The cross-section of the structural column 120 is square, rectangular, L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped, and its main side size is not less than 190mm; for external walls with thermal insulation requirements, the wall thickness is greater than the cross-sectional width of the structural column 120, The structural column 120 is arranged on the inner side of the outer wall, and the outer side of the structural column 120 is the wallboard 112 with a partially reduced thickness, thereby forming a thermal bridge structure 125 at the structural column 120 (see FIG. 6 ).

The horizontal tie bars set in the horizontal joints 114b of the slab load-bearing wall 110 adopt smooth round steel bars or ribbed steel bars, with a diameter of 6-10mm, and the number of them along the wall thickness direction is 2-3. The distances in the height direction of the walls 110 are 300 mm and 600 mm, and the length of steel bars anchored into the slab-type load-bearing walls 110 is not less than 1 m.

The slab-type load-bearing wall 110 is provided with a concrete ring beam 116 at each floor/roof, the section width of which is not less than 190mm, and the section height is not less than 120mm.

The height of the horse-toothed raft 140 is 300 or 600mm, the clear distance is 300 or 600mm, and the unevenness of the horse-toothed raft 140 is 60mm.

The panel building according to claim 1, wherein when the panel height of the wall panel 112 is 300mm, the connection between the wall panel 112 and the construction column 120 can be staggered by about 60mm through installation to form a 300mm high horse tooth Chassis 140; when the board height of the wallboard 112 is 600mm, the connection between the wallboard 112 and the construction column 120 can be installed and staggered by about 60mm to form a 600mm high horse-toothed chasm 140, which can also be pre-processed 300mm high horse teeth 140.

At the concrete ring beam 116, the top surface of the wall panel 112 below the concrete ring beam 116 is processed with a full-length groove 111 to form the lower profile of the concrete ring beam 116, and the width of the groove 111 is the same as that of the concrete ring beam 116. The section width of the concrete ring beam 116 is consistent, and the depth of the groove 111 is determined by the section height of the ring beam 116 and the thickness of the building/roof slab; when the slab bearing wall 110 is an interior wall, the groove 111 is located at the thickness In the middle part, when the slab bearing wall 110 is an outer wall, the groove 111 is located inside the wall, thus forming an L-shaped structure at the top of the wall.

The slab load-bearing wall 110 is provided with a lintel 130 above the door opening 117 or the window opening 118, and the lintel 130 can be an ordinary precast concrete lintel, a lintel doubled as a reinforced wall panel 112 or a cast-in-place concrete lintel; The top surface of the wallboard 112 below the lintel 130 can be processed into a long groove 111 to form the lower profile of the lintel 130, the width of the groove 111 is consistent with the cross-sectional width of the lintel 130, and the groove 111 The depth is determined by the section height of the lintel 130 and the thickness of the floor/roof slab.

The parapet adopts ordinary cast-in-place concrete, aerated concrete slab or light aggregate concrete slab, wherein when the aerated concrete slab or light aggregate concrete slab is used, the aerated concrete slab or the light aggregate concrete slab It is connected with the construction column 120 or the roof ring beam 116 through connecting steel bars.

The floor/roof slabs are made of wood structure slabs, aerated concrete slabs, lightweight aggregate concrete slabs, concrete prefabricated laminated slabs or reinforced truss formwork floor slabs cast on site as required.

The aerated concrete slabs or light aggregate concrete slabs used in the wall panels 112 and the building/roof slabs are equipped with ordinary smooth steel bars or ribbed steel bars according to the design requirements; 50-400mm. The aerated concrete slabs or light aggregate concrete slabs used in the wall panels 112 generally have a double-layer bidirectional structure; the aerated concrete slabs or light aggregate concrete slabs used in the building/roof panels The ribs are double-layer bidirectional structure or single-layer bidirectional structure. According to engineering requirements, the steel bars can be treated with anti-corrosion treatment.

The equipment pipelines in the slab building can pre-set the holes of the pipelines and the wire box openings of the pipelines in the components, and lay the pipelines on site; or alternatively, the pipelines are fixed on the The side of the wall, the lower surface of the floor/roof slab, and covered by the prefabricated wall and ceiling finishes.

The aerated concrete slab or the light aggregate concrete slab can adopt the slab type customized by the factory according to the design requirements; or purchase the aerated concrete slab or the light aggregate concrete slab of the standard slab type, and Based on this standard plate type, it is manufactured through secondary processing with simple processing tools.

For buildings with high thermal insulation requirements, the thickness of the outer wall of the building is greater than the width of the ring beam and the structural column 120 to avoid the formation of thermal bridges on the outer wall of the building, and the relevant wall panels 112 are pre-processed in the factory according to the structural requirements of the ring beam and the structural column 120 . Optionally, the exterior wall of the building can also use the rear thermal insulation and decoration integrated board.

The floor slab and the roof slab are made of wood structure slabs, aerated concrete slabs, lightweight aggregate concrete slabs, concrete prefabricated laminated slabs or reinforced truss formwork-fixed floor slabs cast on-site concrete, etc. as required.

The aerated concrete slabs or lightweight aggregate concrete slabs used in the slab-type load-bearing wall 110 and the floor slab (roof slab) are configured with ordinary smooth round steel bars or ribbed steel bars according to design requirements.

The stairs are concrete stairs, steel stairs or wooden stairs.

In the description and drawings herein, the products and methods of the present invention are described as special shapes, materials or process sequences, and some detailed parameters are provided for the purpose of illustration for some specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that these specific descriptions do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention; that is, changes and modifications related to shapes, materials or process sequences are still included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (19)

1. A multi-storey prefabricated slab building, comprising a foundation, slab load-bearing walls (110), structural columns (120), floor/roof panels, parapets, stairs and/or elevators, wherein: The slab-type load-bearing wall (110) includes a plurality of concrete wall panels (112), which are applied sideways and are processed with full-length or intermittent grooves (111) on the top surface, and the vertical joints between horizontally adjacent wall panels ( 114a) generally staggered arrangement, the side of the wallboard (112) is provided with a semicircular or polygonal groove (119) at the vertical joint (114a); The wallboard (112) is connected to the construction column (120), and the wallboard (112) is provided with a horsetooth (140) at the joint; The horizontal joint (114b) between the wall boards (112) on the upper and lower floors is provided with horizontal tie bars to connect with the concrete construction column (120). 2. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein the foundation is a common concrete foundation or a common masonry foundation. 3. The panel building according to claim 1, wherein the wall panel (112) is made of aerated concrete or light aggregate concrete, and the panel strength grade is LC2.5-LC15. 4. The panel building according to claim 1, wherein the groove (111) on the top surface of the wallboard (112) is 5-25mm deep, and the width of the groove (111) is 40-100mm smaller than the thickness of the wallboard; The groove (119) on the side of the wallboard (112) is 30-150mm wide, and the groove (119) is 30-150mm deep. 5. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein between the upper and lower floors and the horizontally adjacent wall panels (112), a special mortar connection adapted to the material strength grade of the wall panels (112) is adopted, The connection methods include masonry connection and grouting connection after the reserved slab seam is closed on the surface. 6. The panel building according to claim 1, wherein the vertical joints (114a) between horizontally adjacent wall panels are generally staggered, and the stagger distance is not less than half of the height of the wall panels, but due to engineering implementation According to the requirements, when the vertical joint (114a) forms a through joint, overlapping connecting reinforcement bars can be provided in the horizontal joint (114b), and the groove on the side of the wall panel (112) (119) A vertical through-bar is provided inside, and the lap-connecting bar adopts a smooth round bar or a ribbed bar, and the vertical through-bar adopts a ribbed bar. 7. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein, according to design requirements, the slab load-bearing wall (110) includes the four corners of the outer wall and the corresponding corners, the four corners of the building/elevator room, and the corners of the vertical and horizontal walls. Cast-in-place concrete construction columns (120). 8. The slab building according to claim 7, wherein the cross-section of the construction column (120) is square, rectangular, L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped, and its main side size is not less than 190mm; The outer wall, the wall thickness is greater than the cross-sectional width of the structural column (120), the structural column (120) is arranged on the inner side of the outer wall, and the outer side of the structural column (120) is the wallboard with a local thickness reduction (112), thereby forming a thermal bridge prevention structure (125) at the structural column (120). 9. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal tie bars set in the horizontal joints (114b) of the slab load-bearing wall (110) adopt smooth round steel bars or ribbed steel bars, with a diameter of 6-10mm, The number of bars along the wall thickness direction is 2-3, the spacing along the height direction of the slab load-bearing wall (110) is 300mm, 600mm, and the length of steel bars anchored into the slab load-bearing wall (110) is not less than 1m. 10. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein the slab load-bearing wall (110) is provided with a concrete ring beam (116) at each floor/roof, its cross-sectional width is not less than 190 mm, and its cross-sectional height is not less than 120 mm . 11. The panel building according to claim 1, wherein the height of the horse-toothed raft (140) is 300 or 600mm, the clear distance is 300 or 600mm, and the unevenness of the horse-toothed raft (140) is 60mm. 12. The panel building according to claim 1, wherein at the joint between the wall panel (112) and the construction column (120), it can be staggered by about 60 mm through installation to form a wall panel (112) with the same height as the wall panel (112). 1. The horse-toothed chassis (140) with the same clear distance as the wallboard (112); or the horse-toothed chassis (140) is pre-processed at the connection between the wallboard (112) and the construction column (120). 13. The slab building according to claim 10, wherein at the concrete ring beam (116), the top surface of the wall panel (112) below the concrete ring beam (116) is processed with a long groove (111) to form the lower profile of the concrete ring beam (116), the groove (111) width is consistent with the section width of the concrete ring beam (116), and the groove (111) depth is determined by the ring beam (116) The height of the section and the thickness of the floor/roof board are determined; when the slab load-bearing wall (110) is an interior wall, the groove (111) is located in the middle of the thickness of the wall, and when the slab load-bearing wall (110) is an exterior wall , the groove (111) is located on the inside of the wall, forming an L-shaped configuration at the top of the wall. 14. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein the slab load-bearing wall (110) is provided with a lintel (130) above the door opening (117) or window opening (118), and the lintel (130) can be ordinary prefabricated Concrete lintels, the lintels or cast-in-place concrete lintels of the wall panels (112) that reinforce the reinforcement; the top surface of the wall panels (112) below the lintels (130) can be processed into full length Groove (111) is to form the lower profile of described lintel (130), and groove (111) width is consistent with described lintel (130) section width, and groove (111) depth is determined by described lintel (130) The height of the section and the thickness of the floor/roof slabs are determined. 15. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein the parapet adopts ordinary cast-in-situ concrete, aerated concrete slab or light aggregate concrete slab, wherein when the aerated concrete slab or light aggregate concrete slab is used, the The aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab is connected to the construction column (120) or the roof ring beam (116) through connecting steel bars. 16. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein the floor/roof slabs are made of wood structural slabs, aerated concrete slabs, lightweight aggregate concrete slabs, concrete prefabricated laminated slabs or reinforced trusses of cast-in-place concrete as required Solid mold floor deck. 17. The slab building according to claim 16, wherein the aerated concrete slabs or light aggregate concrete slabs used in the wall panels (112) and the floor/roof panels are equipped with ordinary light circles according to design requirements Steel bars or ribbed steel bars; the aerated concrete slabs or light aggregate concrete slabs used in the wall panels (112) generally have a double-layer bidirectional structure; the aerated concrete slabs used in the building/roof slabs Or light aggregate concrete slab, the reinforcement is a double-layer two-way structure or a single-layer two-way structure. 18. The slab building according to claim 1, wherein the equipment pipelines can pre-set the holes of the pipelines and the wire box openings of the pipelines in the components, and lay the pipelines on site; or alternatively, the The pipeline is fixed on the side of the wall and the lower surface of the floor/roof slab through connecting pipeline clamps, and is covered by the fabricated wall and ceiling finishes. 19. The slab building of claim 1, wherein the staircase is a concrete staircase, a steel staircase or a wooden staircase.