Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a plate type bearing wall and a constructional column, a corresponding multilayer assembled plate type building and a construction method thereof.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a multi-storey assembled panel building comprising a foundation, a panel load bearing wall, a constructional column, a floor/roof panel, a parapet wall and a staircase and/or an elevator, wherein:
the plate type load-bearing wall comprises a plurality of concrete wallboards, wherein the concrete wallboards are used in a side-to-side mode, through-long or discontinuous grooves are machined in the top surfaces of the concrete wallboards, vertical abutted seams between horizontally adjacent wallboards are generally arranged in a staggered mode, and semicircular or polygonal grooves are formed in the vertical abutted seams on the side surfaces of the wallboards;
the wall board is connected with the construction columns, and a serrated racking is arranged on the wall board at the connection position;
and horizontal lacing bars are arranged in horizontal abutted seams between the upper and lower layers of wallboards and are connected with the concrete constructional columns.
The foundation is a common concrete foundation or a common masonry foundation.
The wallboard is prepared from aerated concrete or light aggregate concrete.
The level is adjacent vertical piece between the wallboard generally staggers and arranges, and the distance of staggering is not less than half of wallboard height, nevertheless works as because of the needs of engineering implementation vertical piece forms when leading to the seam, can set up the overlap joint reinforcing bar in the level piece, and establish vertical through reinforcement in the side indent.
According to design requirements, cast-in-place concrete constructional columns are arranged at corner parts of the plate type load-bearing wall, including four corners of an outer wall, corresponding corners, four corners of a building/elevator room and joints of longitudinal walls and transverse walls.
The wallboard with the staggered formation horse tooth racking of constructional column junction accessible installation, perhaps the wallboard with the horse tooth racking is processed out in advance in constructional column junction.
At the concrete ring beam, a through long groove is processed on the top surface of the wallboard below the concrete ring beam to form the lower profile of the concrete ring beam, the width of the groove is consistent with the width of the section of the concrete ring beam, and the depth of the groove is determined by the height of the section of the ring beam and the thickness of a floor/roof slab; when the plate type bearing wall is an inner wall, the groove is positioned in the middle of the thickness of the wall body, and when the plate type bearing wall is an outer wall, the groove is positioned on the inner side of the wall body, so that an L-shaped structure is formed at the top of the wall.
The multi-layer assembled aerated concrete plate type building can be used for residential buildings such as houses, residential accommodations, country hotels and the like.
The aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab adopted by the invention has high standardization degree and high industrial production efficiency. The secondary processing process of the component is a full-dry method, the technology is simple, and the pollution is small. The building member has light dead weight, is convenient to transport and install, can meet the requirements of self-insulation and fire prevention of buildings, meets the requirement of development of assembled buildings in China, and is particularly suitable for the building construction of vast rural areas in China.
Detailed Description
In order that the technical solution, novel features, objectives and effects of the invention will be readily understood, the invention will be further illustrated and described in the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the multi-storey assembled panel building of the present invention comprises a foundation, a panel load bearing wall 110, a construction post 120, a floor/roof panel, a parapet wall and a staircase and/or an elevator, wherein:
the plate type load-bearing wall 110 comprises a plurality of concrete wall plates 112, wherein the concrete wall plates are used in a side-to-side mode, through-long or discontinuous grooves 111 are machined in the top surfaces of the concrete wall plates, vertical joints 114a between the horizontally adjacent wall plates 112 are generally arranged in a staggered mode, and semicircular or polygonal grooves 119 are formed in the vertical joints 114a on the side surfaces of the wall plates 112;
the wall panel 112 is connected to the construction post 120, and a serrated racking 140 is provided at the connection position of the wall panel 112;
a horizontal tie bar is arranged in the horizontal abutted seam 114b between the upper and lower wall plates 112 and is connected with the concrete constructional column 120.
The multi-layer assembled aerated concrete plate type building can be used for residential buildings such as houses, residential accommodations, country hotels and the like. For example, the number of building layers is not more than 8, the layer height is not more than 3.6m, and the room bay is not more than 4.8 m.
In one embodiment, the foundation is a common concrete foundation or a common masonry foundation.
The wall plate 112 is made of aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete, and the strength grade of the plate is LC2.5-LC 15. The length of the plate is generally not more than 4.2m, the plate thickness is 200-400mm, the plate height is 200-600 mm, and the common plate heights are 300mm and 600 mm.
The depth of the groove 111 on the top surface of the wall plate 112 is 5-25mm, and the width of the groove 111 is 40-100mm smaller than the thickness of the wall plate 112.
And special mortar which is suitable for the strength grade of the material of the wall plate 112 is adopted for connection between the upper layer and the lower layer and between the horizontally adjacent wall plates 112, and the connection method comprises masonry connection and grouting connection after the reserved plate joints are sealed on the surface, for example, the net width of the plate joints is 3mm-20 mm.
Adjacent at the level vertical piece 114a between the wallboard 112 generally staggers and arranges, and the distance of staggering is not less than the half of wallboard 112 height, but works as because of the needs of engineering implementation vertical piece 114a forms when leading to the seam, can set up the overlap joint reinforcing bar in the horizontal piece 114b, the overlap joint reinforcing bar adopts smooth steel bar or ribbed steel bar. For example, the diameter of the steel bars is 6-10mm, the number of the steel bars is 2-3 along the wall thickness direction, and the length of the steel bars anchored into the two sides of the through seam of the plate type load-bearing wall 110 is 150-600 mm.
Cast-in-place concrete construction columns 120 are provided at corner portions of the slab type load bearing wall 110 including four corners of an outer wall and corresponding corners, four corners of a building/elevator hall, and junctions of vertical and horizontal walls, as required by design.
The section of the constructional column 120 is square, rectangular, L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped, and the size of the main side of the constructional column is not less than 190 mm; for the exterior wall with thermal insulation requirement, the wall thickness is larger than the section width of the constructional column 120, the constructional column 120 is arranged at the inner side of the exterior wall, and the outer side of the constructional column 120 is the wall plate 112 with local thickness reduction, so that a thermal bridge prevention structure 125 (see fig. 6) at the constructional column 120 is formed.
The horizontal lacing wire reinforcing steel bars arranged in the horizontal splicing seams 114b of the plate type bearing wall 110 are smooth round steel bars or ribbed steel bars, the diameter of the horizontal lacing wire reinforcing steel bars is 6-10mm, the number of the horizontal lacing wire reinforcing steel bars is 2-3 along the wall thickness direction, the distance between the horizontal lacing wire reinforcing steel bars along the height direction of the plate type bearing wall 110 is 300mm and 600mm, and the length of the steel bars anchored into the plate type bearing wall 110 is not less than 1 m.
The slab-type load-bearing wall 110 is provided with a concrete ring beam 116 at each floor/roof, the width of the cross section of the concrete ring beam is not less than 190mm, and the height of the cross section is not less than 120 mm.
The height of serrated racking 140 is 300 or 600mm, and the net distance is 300 or 600mm, and serrated racking 140 concave-convex staggers the size and is 60 mm.
The panel construction according to claim 1, wherein when the panel height of the wall panel 112 is 300mm, the joints of the wall panel 112 and the construction post 120 may be staggered by installation by about 60mm to form 300mm high racking 140; when the board height of wallboard 112 is 600mm, stagger about 60mm in order to form 600mm high serrated racking 140 in wallboard 112 with constructional column 120 junction accessible installation, also can work out 300mm high serrated racking 140 in advance.
At the concrete ring beam 116, the top surface of the wall plate 112 below the concrete ring beam 116 is processed with a through long groove 111 to form the lower profile of the concrete ring beam 116, the width of the groove 111 is consistent with the cross section width of the concrete ring beam 116, and the depth of the groove 111 is determined by the cross section height of the ring beam 116 and the thickness of the floor/roof slab; when the plate type load bearing wall 110 is an inner wall, the groove 111 is positioned in the middle of the thickness of the wall, and when the plate type load bearing wall 110 is an outer wall, the groove 111 is positioned on the inner side of the wall, so that an L-shaped structure is formed at the top of the wall.
The plate-type load-bearing wall 110 is provided with a lintel 130 above the door opening 117 or the window opening 118, and the lintel 130 can be a common precast concrete lintel, a reinforced wall plate 112 or a cast-in-place concrete lintel; the top surface of the wall plate 112 under the lintel 130 can be machined with a through groove 111 to form the lower profile of the lintel 130, the width of the groove 111 corresponding to the width of the lintel 130 cross section, and the depth of the groove 111 being determined by the height of the lintel 130 cross section and the thickness of the floor/roof slab.
The parapet is made of ordinary cast-in-place concrete, an aerated concrete slab or a lightweight aggregate concrete slab, wherein when the aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab is used, the aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab is connected with the constructional column 120 or the roof ring beam 116 through connecting steel bars.
The floor/roof slab is a steel bar truss formwork-fixing floor support plate which adopts a wood structure plate, an aerated concrete plate, a lightweight aggregate concrete plate, a concrete prefabricated composite slab or cast-in-place concrete according to requirements.
The wall plate 112 and the building/roof slab are made of aerated concrete slabs or lightweight aggregate concrete slabs, and are configured with common plain steel bars or ribbed steel bars according to design requirements; the diameter of the steel bar is 6-14mm, and the distance between the two directions is 50-400 mm. The wall panel 112 is made of aerated concrete slab or lightweight aggregate concrete slab, and the reinforcing bars are generally of double-layer bidirectional structure; the reinforced bars of the aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab adopted by the floor/roof slab are of a double-layer bidirectional structure or a single-layer bidirectional structure. According to the engineering requirement, the reinforcing steel bar can be subjected to anticorrosion treatment.
The equipment pipeline in the plate-type building can be reserved with a hole of the pipeline and a box hole of the pipeline in advance in a component, and the pipeline is laid on site; or alternatively, the pipeline is fixed on the side surface of the wall body and the lower surface of the floor/roof cover plate through connecting pipeline clamps and is covered by an assembled wall surface and a ceiling decorative surface.
The aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab can be produced in a factory according to design requirements; or purchasing the aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab of the standard plate type, and carrying out secondary processing and manufacturing on the basis of the standard plate type by using a simple processing tool.
For buildings with higher thermal insulation requirements, the thickness of the building exterior wall is greater than the width of the ring beam and the construction column 120 to avoid the building exterior wall forming a thermal bridge, and the relevant wall panels 112 are pre-processed in the factory according to the construction requirements of the ring beam and the construction column 120. Optionally, the building outer wall can also adopt a rear-mounted heat-insulation decorative integrated plate.
The floor slab and the roof slab are made of wood structural slabs, aerated concrete slabs, lightweight aggregate concrete slabs, concrete precast composite slabs or reinforced truss mold-fixing floor bearing plates of cast-in-place concrete and the like according to requirements.
The slab type load-bearing wall 110 and the floor slab (roof panel) are made of aerated concrete slabs or lightweight aggregate concrete slabs which are configured with ordinary plain round steel bars or ribbed steel bars according to design requirements.
The stairs are concrete stairs, steel stairs or wood stairs.
In the description herein and in the drawings, the products and methods of the present invention are described in terms of particular shapes, materials, or process sequences, and specific parameters are provided for illustrative purposes with respect to specific embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description is not intended to limit the invention; that is, variations and modifications as to shape, material or process sequence are still included within the scope of the invention.