CN110590642A - 一类以三聚茚酮为电子受体的电致发光材料及其应用 - Google Patents
一类以三聚茚酮为电子受体的电致发光材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110590642A CN110590642A CN201910898805.5A CN201910898805A CN110590642A CN 110590642 A CN110590642 A CN 110590642A CN 201910898805 A CN201910898805 A CN 201910898805A CN 110590642 A CN110590642 A CN 110590642A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- SNWQUNCRDLUDEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N inden-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC2=C1 SNWQUNCRDLUDEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- -1 9-dimethylacridine Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indan-1-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)CCC2=C1 QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UVUNEKJONDCGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,6,9-tetramethylcarbazole Chemical compound CN1C2=C(C=C(C)C=C2)C2=C1C(C)=CC(C)=C2 UVUNEKJONDCGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KSONICAHAPRCMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2C(=O)CCC2=C1 KSONICAHAPRCMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PQHWZDFGJBSXJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,5-tribromo-3h-inden-1-one Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2C(=O)C(Br)(Br)CC2=C1 PQHWZDFGJBSXJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 3
- BUNKQJAMHYKQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodo-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(I)C(C)=C1 BUNKQJAMHYKQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YOSJCQJJIHEUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-4,6-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(Br)=C1 YOSJCQJJIHEUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- MJATUFSHNREPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(9h-carbazol-3-yl)-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=CC=C2C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 MJATUFSHNREPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- OYFFSPILVQLRQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-ditert-butyl-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C2C3=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C3NC2=C1 OYFFSPILVQLRQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006443 Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 7
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- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001194 electroluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- CINYXYWQPZSTOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-bis(3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=NC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=NC=CC=2)=C1 CINYXYWQPZSTOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[1-[4-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]phenyl]-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JSEQNGYLWKBMJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethyl-10h-acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 JSEQNGYLWKBMJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- PYVPMCZSTWELEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C3NC2=C1 PYVPMCZSTWELEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWCZIRUJFYRXKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dimethylacridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C)=CC=CC3=NC2=C1C UWCZIRUJFYRXKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJPMIAPHTVQOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC(C=CC(Br)(Br)[InH2])Br Chemical compound CCCCC(C=CC(Br)(Br)[InH2])Br GJPMIAPHTVQOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012736 patent blue V Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical group [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D219/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems
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- C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
- C07D265/34—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings
- C07D265/38—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
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- C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
- C07D279/14—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D279/18—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
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Abstract
一类以三聚茚酮为电子受体的电致发光材料及其应用,其属于有机电致发光领域。该类衍生物以三聚茚酮为电子受体,咔唑、1,3,6,9‑四甲基咔唑、3,6‑二叔丁基咔唑、3‑咔唑基咔唑、9,9‑二甲基吖啶,吩噁嗪及吩噻嗪为电子供体。该系列化合物的合成方法是:以5‑溴‑1‑茚酮为原料,经过偶联,氧化以及Buchwald–Hartwig偶联反应等,合成得到不同供电子基团取代的三聚茚酮。该系列化合物在紫外‑可见光区有强吸收,并且其稀溶液发射强荧光,发光颜色是橙红光或红光,可作为发光材料应用于有机电致发光器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及三聚茚酮衍生物的制备方法及其电致发光应用,其属于有机电致发光领域。
背景技术
新世纪信息技术的发展日新月异。高效而准确的信息采集,快速的信息处理,高密度的信息存储,大容量的信息传输以及高清晰度的信息显示是人们追求的目标,信息显示技术扮演着及其重要的作用。
当前,较为成熟的显示器有阴极射线管(Cathode Ray Tube,CRT)、等离子体显示器(Plasma Display Panel,PDP)和液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display,LCD)。虽然在一定时期内它们拥有无可替代的优良性能,但这些显示器件都存在不同程度的缺陷,使得其应用无法满足人们的需求。如:CRT较为笨重,驱动电压高,有严重辐射;PDP制作复杂且较为昂贵,LCD响应速度慢、视角窄,属于被动发光等。
相比之下,有机电致发光器件(Organic Light-emitting Diodes,OLEDs)由于具有低驱动电压、主动发光、宽视角、快响应、成本低廉、工艺简单、全彩可柔性显示以及耐恶劣环境等优点,成为显示领域中的佼佼者,进而引起了各领域的广泛关注。
最早的有机电致发光材料均为荧光材料。由于电致发光的特殊性在于电激发产生的单重态激子与三重态激子的比例为1:3,即处于单重态的激子占所有激子数量的25%。荧光材料只能利用处于单重态的激子辐射衰减实现发光,故荧光材料的理论内量子效率最高只有25%。随后,磷光现象的发现和研究推动了磷光材料的发展。由于磷光材料不仅仅可以利用三重态激子辐射衰减发出磷光,其单重态激子可以通过系间窜跃的方式转化为三重态激子实现发光,从而实现了100%的理论内量子效率。但磷光材料大多含有Ir,Pt等贵金属,其昂贵的造价限制了其发展。在此背景下,热致延迟荧光(Thermally Activated DelayedFluorescence)材料(简称TADF材料)应运而生。
在具有TADF性质的分子中,分子可以利用逆系间窜越将三重态激子转化为单重态激子实现发光,这样既能保证与磷光相似的内量子效率,又能避免严重的激子湮灭现象。TADF性质的分子近年来引起了相关科研人员的高度重视。如2012年Adachi等人报道的一系列橙色到天蓝色的TADF分子,具有极高的发光效率;2013年Lee等人报道的一系列基于噁二唑内核的TADF分子,获得了较高的荧光量子效率;国内学者也与2014开发出了一系列基于磷酰基的TADF分子,其优良的性能及新颖的设计理念也获得了一定的关注。虽然近年来大量的新型分子被开发出来,但是,满足TADF性质的分子必须要兼顾HOMO与LUMO能级较大程度的分离和较高的辐射速率常数这两个互为矛盾的条件,因此,性能优良的TADF理论和材料有待于更深入的研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的主要是在三聚茚酮基团中引入不同供电子能力的基团,从而调节分子的发光性能,探索合成出一系列既能提高辐射跃迁速率,又能使分子的HOMO和LUMO轨道进行合理分离的化合物,从而得到性质优异的有机电致发光材料。
本发明的技术方案是:一类三聚茚酮衍生物,该类衍生物的结构通式如下:
其中,D选自:D1:咔唑,D2:1,3,6,9-四甲基咔唑,D3:3,6-二叔丁基咔唑,D4:3-咔唑基咔唑,D5:9,9-二甲基吖啶,D6:吩噁嗪,D7:吩噻嗪,结构式如下的基团:
本发明提供一种制备三聚茚酮衍生物的制备方法,具体反应实施步骤如下:
将溴代三聚茚酮、电子供体D、钯催化剂、碱及配体加入有机溶剂,所述溴代三聚茚酮、电子供体D、钯催化剂、碱及配体的摩尔比例为1:1-1.2:0.05-0.08:1-3:0.15-0.18,在氮气保护下,加热至100-140℃反应12-24h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和食盐水中,然后分别用二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯进行分液萃取,减压蒸出溶剂,粗产品经柱层析得到目标产物。
其中,所述钯催化剂为乙酸钯和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯中的一种;所述碱为叔丁醇钾,叔丁醇钠,碳酸铯中的一种;所述配体为三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐和三叔丁基膦中的一种;所述溶剂为甲苯,邻二甲苯中的一种;所述电子供体为咔唑、1,3,6,9-四甲基咔唑、3,6-二叔丁基咔唑、3-咔唑基咔唑、9,9-二甲基吖啶,吩噁嗪或吩噻嗪中的一种。
本发明所述的一类三聚茚酮衍生物作为发光材料应用于制备电致发光器件。
本发明的有益效果为:该类衍生物是以三聚茚酮作为电子受体,并在吸电子基团的3,8,13位上连接三个相同结构的电子供体,其合成方法是:以5-溴-1-茚酮为原料,经过溴代,关环等一系列反应,得到溴代的三聚茚酮基团,然后再与咔唑、1,3,6,9-四甲基咔唑、3,6-二叔丁基咔唑、3-咔唑基咔唑、9,9-二甲基吖啶,吩噁嗪或吩噻嗪进行Buchwald–Hartwig偶联反应,最后合成得到目标产物。该系列化合物在紫外-可见光区有强吸收,并且其稀溶液发射强荧光,发光颜色是橙红光或红光,可作为发光材料应用于有机电致发光器件。
用含时密度泛函理论计算了分子TR2,TR5和TR6的单重态(S1)和三重态(T1)的能级,并且计算了三重态与三重态的能级差(ΔEST);能级差表明该系列分子的发光机理为延迟荧光机理。根据TR2寿命衰减曲线可以看出,该分子在甲苯溶液中存在两个寿命,一个纳秒级别的荧光和微秒级别的延迟荧光;从理论和实验都证明该类衍生物是延迟荧光发光机理,具有电致发光应用前景。以TR2为发光材料,CBP为主体材料制作器件,该器件取得最大电流效率为10.2cd/A,最大功率效率为9.9lm/W。
附图说明
图1是化合物TR2通过Gaussian 09计算得到的HOMO与LUMO轨道分布图。
图2是化合物TR5通过Gaussian 09计算得到的HOMO与LUMO轨道分布图。
图3是化合物TR6通过Gaussian 09计算得到的HOMO与LUMO轨道分布图。
图4是化合物TR2在甲苯溶液中的寿命衰减曲线。
图5是以化合物TR2为发光材料制备的电致发光器件的电流密度-电压-亮度曲线。
图6是以化合物TR2为发光材料制备的电致发光器件的电流效率-亮度-功率效率曲线。
图7是以化合物TR2为发光材料制备的电致发光器件电致发光光谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将5-Br-1-茚酮(2.00g,9.5mmol)溶于30ml氯仿中,在强烈搅拌的条件下缓慢滴加液溴(3.04g,19.0mmol),持续搅拌1h后,再连续通入氮气1h,反应结束后真空除去残留溶剂,固体粗产物用少量甲醇进行重结晶,得到淡黄色中间体2,2,5-三溴-1-茚酮N(2.91g,83%)。
将2,2,5-三溴-1-茚酮(3.00g,8.1mmol)于25ml圆底烧瓶中保持220℃的高温连续搅拌至无气体逸出,将混合物冷却至室温并分散在25ml二氯甲烷中,超生处理5min后进行过滤,粗产品用25ml二氯甲烷分两次洗涤,烘干后用硝基苯重结晶,得到浅黄色中间体M(1.51g,30%)。
将中间体M(2.00g,3.2mmol)加入到三口瓶中,然后分别加入咔唑(0.646g,3.84mmol),乙酸钯(36.2mg,0.161mmol),叔丁醇钾(0.723g,6.44mmol),三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(140.2mg,0.483mmol),再加入30mL甲苯作溶剂,氮气保护下,加热至110℃,反应24h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液中,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×20mL)合并有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂,粗产品经柱层析分离得到黄色固体目标产物(TR1)。产率52%,MALDI-TOF-MS:879.9748[M+]。
实施例2
将中间体M(2.00g,3.2mmol)加入到三口瓶中,然后分别加入1,3,6,9-四甲基咔唑(0.858g,3.84mmol),乙酸钯(36.2mg,0.161mmol),叔丁醇钾(0.723g,6.44mmol),三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(140.2mg,0.483mmol),再加入30mL甲苯作溶剂,氮气保护下,加热至110℃,反应24h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液中,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×20mL)合并有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂,粗产品经柱层析分离得到黄色固体目标产物(TR2)。产率59%,MALDI-TOF-MS:1048.2994[M+]。
实施例3
将得到的中间体M(2.00g,3.2mmol)加入到三口瓶中,然后分别加入3,6-二叔丁基咔唑(1.073g,3.84mmol),乙酸钯(36.2mg,0.161mmol),叔丁醇钾(0.723g,6.44mmol),三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(140.2mg,0.483mmol),再加入30mL甲苯作溶剂,氮气保护下,加热至110℃,反应24h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液中,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×15mL)并用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂,粗产品经柱层析分离得到黄色固体目标产物(TR3)。产率64%,MALDI-TOF-MS:1216.6226[M+]。
实施例4
将得到的中间体M(2.00g,3.2mmol)加入到三口瓶中,然后分别加入3-咔唑基咔唑(1.276g,3.84mmol),乙酸钯(36.2mg,0.161mmol),叔丁醇钾(0.723g,6.44mmol),三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(140.2mg,0.483mmol),再加入30mL甲苯作溶剂,氮气保护下,加热至110℃,反应24h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液中,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×15mL)并用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂,粗产品经柱层析分离得到黄色固体目标产物(TR4)。产率50%,MALDI-TOF-MS:1420.6648[M+]。
实施例5
将得到的中间体M(2.00g,3.2mmol)加入到三口瓶中,然后分别加入9,9-二甲基吖啶(0.804g,3.84mmol),乙酸钯(36.2mg,0.161mmol),叔丁醇钾(0.723g,6.44mmol),三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(140.2mg,0.483mmol),再加入30mL甲苯作溶剂,氮气保护下,加热至110℃,反应24h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液中,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×15mL)并用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂,粗产品经柱层析分离得到黄色固体目标产物(TR5)。产率62%,MALDI-TOF-MS:1006.2184[M+]。
实施例6
将得到的中间体M(2.00g,3.2mmol)加入到三口瓶中,然后分别加入吩噁嗪(0.704g,3.84mmol),乙酸钯(36.2mg,0.161mmol),叔丁醇钾(0.723g,6.44mmol),三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(140.2mg,0.483mmol),再加入30mL甲苯作溶剂,氮气保护下,加热至110℃,反应24h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液中,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×15mL)并用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂,粗产品经柱层析分离得到黄色固体目标产物(TR6)。产率67%,MALDI-TOF-MS:917.9772[M+]。
实施例7
将得到的中间体M(2.00g,3.2mmol)加入到三口瓶中,然后分别加入吩噻嗪(0.765g,3.84mmol),乙酸钯(36.2mg,0.161mmol),叔丁醇钾(0.723g,6.44mmol),三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(140.2mg,0.483mmol),再加入30mL甲苯作溶剂,氮气保护下,加热至110℃,反应24-36h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液中,用二氯甲烷萃取(3×15mL)并用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压除去溶剂,粗产品经柱层析分离得到黄色固体目标产物(TR7)。产率60%,MALDI-TOF-MS:976.1546[M+]。
实施例8
通过高斯09程序计算实施例一中的三聚茚酮衍生物的HOMO和LUMO电子云分布如图1-3所示。从分子的HOMO和LUMO电子云分布图可以看出,该系列化合物的HOMO电子云都分布在供电子基团四甲基咔唑,二甲吖啶和吩恶嗪基团上,而LUMO电子云则都分布在吸电子的三聚茚酮基团上。HOMO和LUMO电子云在分离的同时又有部分交叠,这种HOMO,LUMO的分布情况使分子同时具有小的ΔEST和高的辐射跃迁速率。用含时密度泛函理论计算了分子TR2,TR5和TR6的单重态(S1)和三重态(T1)的能级,并且计算了三重态与三重态的能级差(ΔEST)如表1所示。从表1可以看出,三个分子的ΔEST分别为0.027,0.0056和0.0557eV。如此小ΔEST的表明该系列分子的发光机理为延迟荧光机理。
表1分子TR2、TR5和TR6的单重态、三重态以及能级差
分子 | S<sub>1</sub>(eV) | T<sub>1</sub>(eV) | ΔE<sub>ST</sub>(eV) |
TR2 | 1.7592 | 1.7322 | 0.0270 |
TR5 | 1.5483 | 1.5427 | 0.0056 |
TR6 | 1.3656 | 1.3099 | 0.0557 |
实施例9
室温条件下,以干燥的甲苯为溶剂,溶液浓度为1×10-5mol/L,测定了室温下T5寿命衰减曲线,如图4所示。从图中可以看出,该分子在甲苯溶液中存在两个寿命,一个纳秒级别的荧光和微秒级别的延迟荧光。
实施例10
以TR2为发光材料,CBP为主体材料,按照以下器件结构制备电致发光器件ITO/HATCN(10nm)/TAPC(20nm)/TR2:CBP(2wt%,20nm)/TmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al。其中,HATCN和LiF分别作为空穴、电子注入材料,TAPC作为空穴传输材料,TmPyPB作为电子传输及空穴阻挡材料。
该器件的电流密度-电压-亮度(J-V-B)曲线和效率曲线如图5和图6所示,由图可知,该器件的启亮电压为3.1V,当亮度为2.823cd/m2时,该器件取得最大电流效率为10.2cd/A,当亮度为2.823cd/m2时,该器件取得最大功率效率为9.9lm/W。该器件的电致发光光谱如图7所示。从电致发光光谱可以看出,该器件的发光峰只有客体材料TR2的发光峰,没有主体材料或是其他的发光峰。
Claims (6)
1.一类三聚茚酮衍生物,其特征在于:该类衍生物的结构通式如下:
其中,D为以下结构中的一个:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一类三聚茚酮衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
其中:D为以下结构中的一个:
将溴代三聚茚酮:电子供体D:钯催化剂:碱:配体按摩尔比例为1:1-1.2:0.05-0.08:1-3:0.15-0.18加入有机溶剂,在氮气保护下,加热至100-140℃反应12-24h;反应结束后,将反应液倒入饱和食盐水中,然后分别用二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯进行分液萃取,后减压蒸出溶剂,粗产品经柱层析得到目标产物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一类三聚茚酮衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钯催化剂为乙酸钯和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯中的一种;所述碱为叔丁醇钾,叔丁醇钠,碳酸铯中的一种;所述配体为三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐和三叔丁基膦中的一种;所述溶剂为甲苯和邻二甲苯中的一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一类三聚茚酮衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的供电子基团1,3,6,9-四甲基咔唑的制备方法的合成方法包含以下步骤:
(1)在三口烧瓶中装入2-溴-4,6-二甲基苯胺,1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯,叔丁醇钠,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯和四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦的混合物,加入甲苯溶解;在氩气保护下回流12-24小时;所述2-溴-4,6-二甲基苯胺:1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯:叔丁醇钠:三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯:四氟硼酸三叔丁基膦的摩尔比例为1:1.1-1.2:2:0.03-0.05:0.06-0.1;冷却至室温后,将混合物倒入饱和食盐水中,充分搅拌后用氯仿进行分液萃取;合并有机相后用无水硫酸镁进行干燥,利用旋转蒸发进行浓缩后,通过柱色谱法纯化粗产物;
(2)将中间体A,碳酸钾,乙酸钯和四氟硼酸盐三叔丁基膦(1.91的混合物溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和甲苯的混合溶液中,在氩气的保护下回流12-24小时;所述中间体A:碳酸钾:乙酸钯:四氟硼酸盐三叔丁基膦的摩尔比例为:1:2-3:0.08-0.1:0.2-0.3;反应结束后,冷却至室温后,将混合物倒入饱和食盐水中,充分搅拌后用氯仿进行分液萃取;合并有机相后用无水硫酸镁进行干燥,利用旋转蒸发浓缩后,通过柱色谱法纯化粗产物。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一类三聚茚酮衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述中间体溴代三聚茚酮M的合成方法包含以下步骤:
(1)将5-溴-1-茚酮溶于氯仿中,在强烈搅拌的条件下缓慢滴加液溴,持续搅拌1h后,再连续通入氮气1h,所述5-溴-1-茚酮:液溴的摩尔比例为1:1.9-2;反应结束后真空除去残留溶剂,固体粗产物用少量甲醇进行重结晶,得到淡黄色中间体2,2,5-三溴-1-茚酮;
(2)将2,2,5-三溴-1-茚酮于圆底烧瓶中保持200-250℃的高温连续搅拌至无气体逸出,将混合物冷却至室温并分散在二氯甲烷中,超声处理后进行过滤,粗产品用二氯甲烷分两次洗涤,烘干后用硝基苯重结晶,得到浅黄色中间体M。
6.一类三聚茚酮衍生物的电致发光应用,其特征在于,所述衍生物作为发光材料用于制备电致发光器件。
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