CN110590385A - 一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110590385A
CN110590385A CN201910975522.6A CN201910975522A CN110590385A CN 110590385 A CN110590385 A CN 110590385A CN 201910975522 A CN201910975522 A CN 201910975522A CN 110590385 A CN110590385 A CN 110590385A
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chromium
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钱凡
李红霞
刘国齐
杨文刚
马渭奎
于建宾
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Sinosteel Nanjing Environmental Engineering Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.
Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于镁铬耐火材料制备技术领域,提出的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法:制备方法为以基质原料反应生成的CaO·6Al2O3为最终基质,以镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒为骨料,将基质原料在振动罐里进行充分混匀后与镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒一起在强制搅拌机中进行混炼得到坯料,得到的坯料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥的砖坯在窑炉里进行热处理形成以CaO·6Al2O3为主要结合相的镁铬耐火材料。该耐火材料与传统镁铬砖相比,具有强度高,烧成温度低,抗热震性好、抗碱性溶渣侵蚀优的特点。

Description

一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于镁铬耐火材料技术领域,主要涉及一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法。
背景技术
镁铬耐火材料是以方镁石和镁、铁尖晶石(Mg, Fe)(Cr, Al, Fe)2O4为主晶相的碱性耐火材料,具有耐火度高、高温强度大、热震稳定性优良以及抗熔渣侵蚀性和经济性,在钢铁、有色、水泥等高温工业装备有着广泛的应用,是诸多高温装备炉衬关键部位的主导材料。铬矿、烧结镁砂和电熔镁砂是生产镁铬耐火材料的基本原料,采用不同配比和制砖工艺可制成适合不同工况条件使用的镁铬质耐火材料,如专利ZL201310030945.3、ZL2009100332773、ZL 201310242270.9。上述发明的共同特点是所述的镁铬砖烧成温度高达1700℃以上,形成镁铬尖晶石结合相的镁铬耐火材料。
六铝酸钙(CaAl12O19 , 简写为CA6)是CaO-Al2O3 系中Al2O3含量最高的铝酸钙相,熔点高于1875℃,热膨胀系数为8.0×10-6℃-1,在含铁熔渣中的溶解度低;在还原气氛(CO)中的稳定性高;在碱性环境中的化学稳定性好;对熔融金属和熔渣(钢铁和有色金属)的润湿性低;主要结晶区大, 所以在几种多元系中有较低的溶解性;另外, 它的热膨胀系数与Al2O3相近, 可以和氧化铝以任何比例配合使用,这些特性使CA6在高温行业有十分广泛的应用前景。
由上可以看出,镁铬尖晶石与六铝酸钙属于碱性耐火材料,因此结合两者的特点可以开发出高性价比的碱性耐火材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述不足,提出一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法。
为完成上述发明任务采用如下技术方案:
利用氧化铝、碳酸钙以及镁砂、镁硌砂、铬矿为主要原料,通过在热处理过程中发生的反应,CaO+Al2O3→CaO·6Al2O3,形成六铝酸钙结合镁铬耐火材料。
本发明的具体制备方法是:制备方法为以基质原料反应生成的CaO·6Al2O3为最终基质,以镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒为骨料,将基质原料在振动罐里进行充分混匀后与镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒一起在强制搅拌机中进行混炼得到坯料,得到的坯料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥的砖坯在窑炉里进行热处理,热处理温度为1350~1500℃,在热处理过程中基质发生CaO+Al2O3→CaO·6Al2O3,形成以CaO·6Al2O3为主要结合相的镁铬耐火材料;所述的基质原料包括氧化铝细粉、镁砂细粉、铬精粉、碳酸钙和结合剂。
所述的氧化铝细粉中位径<3μm,加入量为15~25%,为煅烧氧化铝或活性氧化铝的一种;所述的碳酸钙细粉中位径<3μm,加入量为5~10%,CaCO3>99.5%。
氧化镁细粉为<44μm,MgO>97%,加入量为3~6%,可以是轻烧氧化镁、重烧氧化镁或电熔氧化镁的一种;铬精粉粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,加入量为3~8%;所述的结合剂为无水无羟基树脂,加入量为1.5~2.5%。
所述的颗粒料有电熔镁铬砂,Cr2O3>20%,Fe2O3<8.0%,SiO2<1%,粒度5-3mm为20~30%、3-1mm为15~30%、1-0.044mm为4~15%;铬精矿,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm,加入量为5~15%。
本发明的效果是基质中的碳酸钙与氧化铝在1350~1500℃中能够形成六铝酸钙结合相,同时基质中部份氧化铝也能固溶到镁铬砂和铬精矿颗粒中,促进了基质与骨料的结合。在1000℃左右干始发生如下反应MgO+Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3,而当氧化铝过量时能够固溶到尖晶石当中,形成富铝的镁铝尖晶石,镁铬砂或是镁砂晶界中有部份硅酸盐相,CaCO3能够进一步促进上述物质的析出并新成了高碱物相,进一步促进了骨料之间连接,提高了材料的致密度。
与普通镁铬砖相比,本发明所述的六铝酸钙结合镁铬砖烧成温度低,同时制备原料中碳酸钙价格低廉,常规物理性能与传统的镁铬砖相比,具体有强度高,气孔率低的显著特点,同时因六铝酸钙热膨胀系数较镁铬尖晶石低,因而其抗热震性较传统镁铬耐火材料好。
具体实施方式
实施案例1
一种镁铬耐火材料的制备:本发明的具体制备方法是:将煅烧氧化铝粉(中位径<3μm)、电熔镁砂细粉(粒度<44μm,MgO>97%)、铬精粉(粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0)、碳酸钙(粒度<4μm,CaCO3>99.5%)、无水无羟基树脂先在振动罐里进行充分混匀,加入量占总原料的质量分数依次为25%、6%、5%、8%,2%。然后将上述混合细粉料与镁铬砂、铬精矿等颗粒料一起在在强制搅拌机中进行混炼,其中颗粒料镁铬砂、铬精矿(SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm)占总原料的质量分数依次为39%(粒度为<5mm,>3mm加入量为20%;粒度为<3mm,>1mm加入量为15%;粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm加入量为4%)、15%。将混好的料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥好的砖坯在窑炉里进行热处理,热处理温度为1350℃,保温5h。热处理后镁铬材料常温耐压强度135MPa,显气孔率15.2%。体积密度3.21g/cm3
实施案例2
一种镁铬耐火材料的制备:本发明的具体制备方法是:将煅烧氧化铝粉(中位径<3μm)、电熔镁砂细粉(粒度<44μm,MgO>97%)、铬精粉(粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0)、碳酸钙(粒度<4μm,Al>99.5%)、无水无羟基树脂先在振动罐里进行充分混匀,加入量占总原料的质量分数依次为17%、3%、3%、5%,1.5%。然后将上述混合细粉料与镁铬砂、铬精矿等颗粒料一起在在强制搅拌机中进行混炼,其中颗粒料镁铬砂、铬精矿(SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm)占总原料的质量分数依次为65.5%(粒度为<5mm,>3mm加入量为30%;粒度为<3mm,>1mm加入量为20.5%;粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm加入量为15%)、5%。将混好的料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥好的砖坯在电窑里进行热处理,热处理温度为1450℃,保温6h。热处理后镁铬材料常温耐压强度115MPa,显气孔率16.7%,体积密度3.35g/cm3
实施案例3
一种镁铬耐火材料的制备:本发明的具体制备方法是:将煅烧氧化铝粉(中位径<3μm)、电熔镁砂细粉(粒度<44μm,MgO>97%)、铬精粉(粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0)、碳酸钙(粒度<4μm,Al>99.5%)、无水无羟基树脂先在振动罐里进行充分混匀,加入量占总原料的质量分数依次为15%、4%、5.5%、10%,2.5%。然后将上述混合细粉料与镁铬砂、铬精矿等颗粒料一起在在强制搅拌机中进行混炼,其中颗粒料镁铬砂、铬精矿(SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm)占总原料的质量分数依次为56%(粒度为<5mm,>3mm加入量为21%;粒度为<3mm,>1mm加入量为30%;粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm加入量为5%)、7%。将混好的料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥好的砖坯在窑炉里进行热处理,热处理温度为1500℃,保温6h。热处理后镁铬材料常温耐压强度145MPa,显气孔率14.7%,体积密度3.30g/cm3

Claims (10)

1.一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:制备方法为以基质原料反应生成的CaO·6Al2O3为最终基质,以镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒为骨料,将基质原料在振动罐里进行充分混匀后与镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒一起在强制搅拌机中进行混炼得到坯料,得到的坯料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥的砖坯在窑炉里进行热处理,热处理温度为1350~1500℃,在热处理过程中基质发生CaO+Al2O3→CaO·6Al2O3,形成以CaO·6Al2O3为主要结合相的镁铬耐火材料;所述的基质原料包括氧化铝细粉、镁砂细粉、铬精粉、碳酸钙和结合剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的氧化铝细粉的中位径<3μm,加入量为原料总质量的20~30%。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的氧化铝细粉为煅烧氧化铝或活性氧化铝的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的镁砂细粉的粒度<44μm,加入量为原料总质量的3~6%。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的镁砂细粉为轻烧氧化镁、重烧氧化镁或电熔氧化镁的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述铬精粉的粒度<44μm,铬精粉中SiO2的含量<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO的质量比>3.0,加入量为原料总质量的3~8%。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳酸钙的粒度<4μm,CaCO3>99.5%,加入量为原料总质量的1~4%。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的结合剂为无水无羟基树脂,加入量为原料总质量的1.5~2.5%。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的镁铬砂颗粒为电熔镁铬砂,其组成满足条件:Cr2O3>20%,Fe2O3<8.0%,SiO2<1%,粒度5-3mm为20~30%、3-1mm为15~30%、1-0.044mm为5~15%。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述铬精矿颗粒的组成需满足条件SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO的质量比>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm,加入量为原料总质量的4~15%。
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