CN108484139A - 一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108484139A
CN108484139A CN201810692731.5A CN201810692731A CN108484139A CN 108484139 A CN108484139 A CN 108484139A CN 201810692731 A CN201810692731 A CN 201810692731A CN 108484139 A CN108484139 A CN 108484139A
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钱凡
李红霞
刘国齐
杨文刚
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Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于镁铬耐火材料制备技术领域,主要涉及一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法。提出的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法利用氧化铝细粉、氧化镁细粉、铬精粉、金属铝粉、结合剂作为基质,将基质在振动罐里进行充分混匀;然后将混合均匀的基质与作为骨料的镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒一起作为镁铬耐火材料的原料放在强制搅拌机中进行混炼;得到的坯料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,将干燥的砖坯在电窑里进行热处理。该耐火材料与传统镁铬砖相比,具有强度高,气孔率低,烧成温度低,抗热震性好的特点。

Description

一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,主要涉及一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法。
背景技术
镁铬材料具有耐火度高,高温强度大,抗碱性渣侵蚀性强,热稳定性优良等优点,对酸性渣也有一定的适应性,现已被广泛应用于精炼钢RH炉下部槽、环流管等关键部位,水泥窑烧成带,底吹炼铜炉内衬等关键部位;铬矿、烧结镁砂和电熔镁砂是生产镁铬耐火材料的基本原料,采用不同配比和制砖工艺可制成适合不同工况条件使用的镁铬质耐火材料,如专利ZL201310030945.3、ZL2009100662773、ZL 201310242270.9;上述发明的共同特点是所述的镁铬砖烧成温度高达1700℃以上,形成镁铬尖晶石结合相的镁铬耐火材料。
然而镁铬砖在烧成过程中存在FeO+O2→Fe2O3反应,并伴有体积效应,虽然通过引入镁砂,通过铬铁矿固溶氧化镁发生膨胀来抵消其上述收缩,仍然很难解决在镁铬砖在烧成过程中存在上述原因导致的内部缺陷;同时镁铬砖烧成温度高,耗费大量的能源;镁铬尖晶石作为镁铬砖的结合相,其热膨胀系数较高,镁铬砖气孔率偏高,强度低(通过采用浸盐工艺来提封闭气孔,提高常温强度)等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述不足,提出一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法。
为完成上述发明任务采用如下技术方案:
一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:利用氧化铝细粉、氧化镁细粉、铬精粉、金属铝粉、结合剂作为基质,将作为基质的氧化铝细粉、氧化镁细粉、铬精粉、金属铝粉、结合剂在振动罐里进行充分混匀;然后将混合均匀的基质与作为骨料的镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒一起作为镁铬耐火材料的原料放在强制搅拌机中进行混炼;得到的坯料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥的砖坯在电窑里进行热处理,热处理气氛为N2,热处理过程中,950℃保温5小时,1250℃保温5小时,最高热处理温度1500~1600℃;在热处理过程中,金属铝粉在氮气氛下,800℃开始形成AlN,而氧化铝细粉分为三部分:一部分氧化铝细粉在1000℃温度下与氧化镁细粉发生反应:MgO+Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3得到镁铝尖晶石;第二部分的氧化铝细粉固溶到尖晶石固溶到镁铝尖晶石中,形成富铝的镁铝尖晶石,随着热处理的温度上升,AlN逐渐固溶于富铝的镁铝尖晶石并消失,当温度达到1600℃,形成发育良好的MgAlON结合相,同时基质中第三部分的氧化铝细粉固溶到镁铬砂和铬精矿颗粒中,促进了基质与骨料的结合。
基质中,所述的氧化铝细粉中位径<3μm,加入量为原料总重量的20~30%,为煅烧氧化铝或活性氧化铝的一种;氧化镁细粉为<44μm,MgO>97%,加入量为原料总重量的3~6%,为轻烧氧化镁、重烧氧化镁或电熔氧化镁的一种;铬精粉粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,加入量为原料总重量的3~8%;金属铝粉粒度<44μm,Al>99.0%,加入量原料总重量的为2~4%,所述的结合剂为无水无羟基树脂,加入量为原料总重量的1.5~2.5%。
骨料中,所述镁铬砂颗粒为电熔镁铬砂,Cr2O3>20%,Fe2O3<8.0%,SiO2<1%,粒度5-3mm为原料总重量的20~30%、3-1mm为原料总重量的15~30%、1-0.044mm为原料总重量的4~15%;铬精矿颗粒,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm,加入量为原料总重量的5~15%。
本发明提出的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,基质中能够形成MgAlON结合相,同时基质中部份氧化铝也能固溶到镁铬砂和铬精矿颗粒中,促进了基质与骨料的结合。砖坯的基质中,金属铝粉在氮气氛下,800℃开始形成AlN,而在1000℃左右干始发生如下反应MgO+Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3,而当氧化铝过量时能够固溶到尖晶石当中,形成富铝的镁铝尖晶石,随着热处理的温度上升,AlN逐渐固溶于富铝的镁铝尖晶石并消失,当温度达到1600℃,能够终形成发育良好的MgAlON结合相,同时基质中部份氧化铝也能固溶到镁铬砂和铬精矿颗粒中,促进了基质与骨料的结合。
镁阿隆是镁铝氧氮化合物MgAlON,是一种新型耐火材料,它的不易被铁及渣润湿的特性,MgAlON的热膨胀系数比电熔刚玉(8.2×10-6℃)小,热导率与电熔刚玉相当。同时其常规物理性能与传统的镁铬砖相比,具体有强度高,气孔率低的显著特点。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种镁铬耐火材料的制备:本发明的具体制备方法是:将煅烧氧化铝粉(中位径<3μm)、电熔镁砂细粉(粒度<44μm,MgO>97%)、铬精粉(粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0)、铝粉(粒度<44μm,Al>99.0%)、无水无羟基树脂先在振动罐里进行充分混匀,加入量占总原料的质量分数依次为30%、6%、5%、3%,2%。然后将上述混合细粉料与镁铬砂、铬精矿等颗粒料一起在在强制搅拌机中进行混炼,其中颗粒料镁铬砂、铬精矿(SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm)占总原料的质量分数依次为39%(粒度为<5mm,>3mm加入量为20%;粒度为<3mm,>1mm加入量为15%;粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm加入量为4%)、15%。将混好的料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥好的砖坯在电窑里进行热处理,热处理气氛为N2,热处理过程中,950℃保温5小时,1250℃保温5小时,最高热处理温度为1580℃,保温5h。热处理后镁铬材料常温耐压强度125MPa,显气孔率15.2%。体积密度3.27g/cm3
实施例2:
一种镁铬耐火材料的制备:本发明的具体制备方法是:将煅烧氧化铝粉(中位径<3μm)、轻烧镁砂细粉(粒度<44μm,MgO>97%)、铬精粉(粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0)、铝粉(粒度<44μm,Al>99.0%)、无水无羟基树脂先在振动罐里进行充分混匀,加入量占总原料的质量分数依次为20%、3%、3%、2%,1.5%。然后将上述混合细粉料与镁铬砂、铬精矿等颗粒料一起在在强制搅拌机中进行混炼,其中颗粒料镁铬砂、铬精矿(SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm)占总原料的质量分数依次为65.5%(粒度为<5mm,>3mm加入量为30%;粒度为<3mm,>1mm加入量为20.5%;粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm加入量为15%)、5%。将混好的料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥好的砖坯在电窑里进行热处理,热处理气氛为N2,热处理过程中,950℃保温5小时,1250℃保温5小时,最高热处理温度为1500℃,保温6h。热处理后镁铬材料常温耐压强度105MPa,显气孔率16.7%,体积密度3.23g/cm3
实施例3:
一种镁铬耐火材料的制备:本发明的具体制备方法是:将活性氧化铝粉(中位径<3μm)、重烧镁砂细粉(粒度<44μm,MgO>97%)、铬精粉(粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0)、铝粉(粒度<44μm,Al>99.0%)、无水无羟基树脂先在振动罐里进行充分混匀,加入量占总原料的质量分数依次为20.5%、4%、6%、4%,2.5%。然后将上述混合细粉料与镁铬砂、铬精矿等颗粒料一起在在强制搅拌机中进行混炼,其中颗粒料镁铬砂、铬精矿(SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm)占总原料的质量分数依次为56%(粒度为<5mm,>3mm加入量为21%;粒度为<3mm,>1mm加入量为30%;粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm加入量为5%)、7%。将混好的料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥好的砖坯在电窑里进行热处理,热处理气氛为N2,热处理过程中,950℃保温5小时,1250℃保温5小时,最高热处理温度为1600℃,保温6h。热处理后镁铬材料常温耐压强度121MPa,显气孔率15.7%,体积密度3.24g/cm3
实施例4:
一种镁铬耐火材料的制备:本发明的具体制备方法是:将活性氧化铝粉(中位径<3μm)、电熔镁砂细粉(粒度<44μm,MgO>97%)、铬精粉(粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0)、铝粉(粒度<44μm,Al>99.0%)、无水无羟基树脂先在振动罐里进行充分混匀,加入量占总原料的质量分数依次为22.5%、5%、8%、3%,1.5%。然后将上述混合细粉料与镁铬砂、铬精矿等颗粒料一起在在强制搅拌机中进行混炼,其中颗粒料镁铬砂、铬精矿(SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm)占总原料的质量分数依次为52%(粒度为<5mm,>3mm加入量为21%;粒度为<3mm,>1mm加入量为21%;粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm加入量为10%)、8%。将混好的料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥好的砖坯在电窑里进行热处理,热处理气氛为N2,热处理过程中,950℃保温5小时,1250℃保温5小时,最高热处理温度为1550℃,保温6h。热处理后镁铬材料常温耐压强度109MPa,显气孔率16.6%,体积密度3.24g/cm3

Claims (4)

1.一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:利用氧化铝细粉、氧化镁细粉、铬精粉、金属铝粉、结合剂作为基质,将作为基质的氧化铝细粉、氧化镁细粉、铬精粉、金属铝粉、结合剂在振动罐里进行充分混匀;然后将混合均匀的基质与作为骨料的镁铬砂颗粒、铬精矿颗粒一起作为镁铬耐火材料的原料放在强制搅拌机中进行混炼;得到的坯料在液压机上成型砖坯,将成型后的砖坯送入干燥窑内进行干燥,干燥窑热风温度为100℃,干燥时间为30h,将干燥的砖坯在电窑里进行热处理,热处理气氛为N2,热处理过程中,950℃保温5小时,1250℃保温5小时,最高热处理温度1500~1600℃;在热处理过程中,金属铝粉在氮气氛下, 800℃开始形成AlN,而氧化铝细粉分为三部分:一部分氧化铝细粉在1000℃温度下与氧化镁细粉发生反应:MgO+Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3得到镁铝尖晶石;第二部分的氧化铝细粉固溶到尖晶石固溶到镁铝尖晶石中,形成富铝的镁铝尖晶石,随着热处理的温度上升,AlN逐渐固溶于富铝的镁铝尖晶石并消失,当温度达到1600℃,形成发育良好的MgAlON结合相,同时基质中第三部分的氧化铝细粉固溶到镁铬砂和铬精矿颗粒中,促进了基质与骨料的结合。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:基质中,所述的氧化铝细粉中位径<3μm,加入量为原料总重量的20~30%,为煅烧氧化铝或活性氧化铝的一种;氧化镁细粉为<44μm,MgO>97%,加入量为原料总重量的3~6%,为轻烧氧化镁、重烧氧化镁或电熔氧化镁的一种;铬精粉粒度<44μm,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,加入量为原料总重量的3~8%;金属铝粉粒度<44μm,Al>99.0%,加入量原料总重量的为2~4%,所述的结合剂为无水无羟基树脂,加入量为原料总重量的1.5~2.5%。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:骨料中,所述镁铬砂颗粒为电熔镁铬砂,Cr2O3>20%,Fe2O3<8.0%,SiO2<1%,粒度5-3mm为原料总重量的20~30%、3-1mm为原料总重量的15~30%、1-0.044mm为原料总重量的4~15%;铬精矿颗粒,SiO2<1.5%,Cr2O3:FeO(质量比)>3.0,粒度为<1mm,>0.044mm,加入量为原料总重量的5~15%。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种镁铬耐火材料的制备方法,热处理气氛为N2,热处理过程中,950℃保温5小时,1250℃保温5小时,最高热处理温度1500~1600℃。
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