CN110583414A - Propagation and harvesting method for fresh-eating soybeans - Google Patents
Propagation and harvesting method for fresh-eating soybeans Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583414A CN110583414A CN201911020523.1A CN201911020523A CN110583414A CN 110583414 A CN110583414 A CN 110583414A CN 201911020523 A CN201911020523 A CN 201911020523A CN 110583414 A CN110583414 A CN 110583414A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soybean planting, and discloses a fresh soybean propagation and harvesting method which comprises five steps of film uncovering, land preparation, sowing, field management, harvesting and post-harvesting treatment. The method has obvious effects on increasing the unit area propagation yield of the fresh-eating soybean, improving the seed germination rate and the like, has great popularization value and significance, and has a good promotion effect on the whole breeding level of the fresh-eating soybean; the invention fully utilizes the vacant period of the planting greenhouse for 7-9 months, fully utilizes the idle land, carries out technical innovation and improvement on the sowing time, the sowing density and the field management of the fresh-eating soybean, utilizes the greenhouse to properly heat and avoid rain, meets the short-day requirement of the fresh-eating soybean, avoids the fresh-eating soybean from encountering high-temperature weather in the flowering period and the pod-expanding period, and improves the maturing rate and the seed plumpness of the fresh-eating soybean; the invention improves the yield of the expanded propagation seeds by more than 5 percent, and the germination rate of the seeds is as high as more than 80 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soybean planting, in particular to a propagation and harvesting method for fresh-eating soybeans.
Background
Fresh-eating soybeans also known as green soybeans are increasingly paid more and more attention to by people due to delicious taste, high nutritional value, unique flavor, convenient cooking, easy digestion and absorption, wide application and good planting benefits, are one of important vegetable varieties cultivated in the south of China, and have better development prospect.
At present, due to the natural environmental factors of rainy season in spring, high temperature in summer and the like commonly existing in southern areas, the problems of low germination rate, easy rotting during storage and the like often occur when the fresh-eating soybean seeds are propagated in the southern areas, and the development of the fresh-eating soybean industry in the southern areas is severely restricted. The rainy season in spring can cause the problems of rotten and dead harvest of the fresh-eating soybeans and the like in the later growth period, the high temperature in summer can seriously affect the maturing rate of the fresh-eating soybeans and the vitality of the embryo buds of the seeds in the later growth period, and the rainy and continuous weather often occurs in the summer and autumn harvest periods of the fresh-eating soybeans, so that the pods and the seeds are easy to rot.
In summary, the conventional planting method for fresh-eating soybeans hardly solves the problem of local propagation expansion of fresh-eating soybeans in south China, so that the method is to perform related technical measure treatment and innovation according to the growth period characteristics of the fresh-eating soybeans on the basis of a facility greenhouse so as to meet the short-day requirement of the fresh-eating soybeans, avoid the fresh-eating soybeans from encountering high-temperature weather in the flowering period and the pod expanding period, improve the seed setting rate and the seed plumpness of the fresh-eating soybeans and finally achieve the purpose of improving the seed germination rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a fresh-eating soybean propagation and harvesting method, which can improve the maturing rate and the seed plumpness of fresh-eating soybeans, improve the seed germination rate of the fresh-eating soybeans, better solve the problems of local propagation of the fresh-eating soybeans in south China and improve the propagation seed yield and the seed germination rate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a fresh soybean propagation and harvesting method comprises the following steps:
s1, film uncovering and soil preparation
Removing a greenhouse film of the greenhouse before 7 months, uniformly spreading the ternary compound fertilizer on the soil in the greenhouse from the beginning of 7 months to 10 months after 7 months, wherein the spreading amount of the ternary compound fertilizer is 35-45 kg/mu, then finely tilling and plowing the soil in which the ternary compound fertilizer is spread until the ternary compound fertilizer is uniformly buried into the soil, and carrying out compartment treatment on the soil in the greenhouse;
s2, sowing seeds
After the step S1 is finished, finishing the seeding work of the fresh soybean from 13 days in 7 months to 18 days in 7 months;
s3, field management
(1) Pre-emergence weeding
The pre-emergence weeding prevention and control work of the greenhouse is finished on the day of sowing fresh-eating soybeans, 15L of water is added into 15ml of herbicide to obtain a weeding liquid, and the dosage of the weeding liquid is 45-60L/mu;
(2) irrigation
2 days after the fresh soybean is sowed, carrying out at least one field irrigation;
(3) pest control
The method comprises the following steps of respectively preventing insects once in a seedling stage, a flowering stage, a pod setting initial stage and a grain swelling stage of fresh soybean, adding 15L of water into 15mI of an insecticide to obtain an insecticide liquid, wherein the insecticide liquid is used in an amount of 40-60L/mu and is uniformly sprayed in a spray manner when being used;
(4) reinstallation of greenhouse film
In the later growth period of fresh soybean in 10 middle ten days, when the minimum outdoor temperature is reduced to 15-18 ℃, installing a greenhouse film for the greenhouse again;
s4, harvesting
In the later growth period of fresh soybean, when 75-85% of pods become yellow and 15-25% of pods become dry, 80-90% of leaves of fresh soybean plants are removed, and when the dry pods reach 65-75%, the fresh soybean plants are harvested;
s5 post-harvest treatment
And (5) flatly paving the fresh soybean plants harvested in the step (S4) on the ground surface provided with the greenhouse film, and performing soybean threshing treatment after the fresh soybean plants are completely dried.
Further, the spreading amount of the ternary compound fertilizer in the step S1 is 40 kg/mu.
Further, the soil plowing depth in the step S1 is 20cm-30 cm.
Further, the width of the land surface of each compartment of the land in the step S1 is 1.2-1.5 m.
Further, the sowing method of the fresh-eating soybean in the step S2 is drill sowing, the row spacing of the plants is 8 multiplied by 40cm, and 2 ten thousand plants are kept per mu.
Further, the herbicide in (1) in step S3 is ridol.
Further, the insecticide in (3) in step S3 is cypermethrin or dupont goblet.
Further, in step S4, in the later stage of the growth of the fresh soybean, 85% of the leaves of the fresh soybean plant are removed when 80% of the pods become yellow and 20% of the pods become dry, and the fresh soybean is harvested when the pods become dry to 70%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has obvious effects on increasing the unit area propagation yield of the fresh-eating soybean, improving the seed germination rate and the like, has great popularization value and significance, and has a good promotion effect on the whole breeding level of the fresh-eating soybean; according to the method, the vacant period of the planting greenhouse for 7-9 months is fully utilized, the idle land is fully utilized, technical innovation and improvement are carried out on the seeding time, the seeding density and the field management of the fresh-eating soybeans aiming at the problems of local propagation of the fresh-eating soybeans in the south of China, the greenhouse is utilized to properly heat and avoid rain, the short-day requirements of the fresh-eating soybeans are met, the fresh-eating soybeans are prevented from encountering high-temperature weather in the flowering period and the pod-expanding period, and the maturing rate and the seed plumpness of the fresh-eating soybeans are improved; the invention better solves the problem of local propagation of fresh-eating soybeans in south China, improves the yield of propagation seeds by more than 5 percent and ensures that the germination rate of the seeds is as high as more than 80 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the steps of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, a fresh soybean propagation and harvesting method comprises the following steps:
s1, film uncovering and soil preparation
The greenhouse film of the greenhouse is removed 7 months before the year, the embodiment has no special requirements on the length and the width of the greenhouse, and the removed greenhouse film can be used in autumn; uniformly spreading a ternary compound fertilizer on the soil in the greenhouse from about 7 months to about 7 months and 10 days, preferably fertilizing at night before about 7 months and 10 days, wherein the spreading amount of the ternary compound fertilizer is 35-45 kg/mu, the spreading amount of the ternary compound fertilizer in the embodiment is 40 kg/mu, then finely tilling and plowing the soil with the ternary compound fertilizer spread thereon to uniformly bury the ternary compound fertilizer in the soil, so that the soil keeps proper softness and humidity, the plowing depth of the soil is 20-30 cm, and after plowing is finished, performing compartment treatment on the soil in the greenhouse, wherein the compartment width of each compartment is 1.2-1.5m, and the compartment width in the embodiment is 1.2 m;
s2, sowing seeds
After the step S1 is finished, the sowing work of the fresh-eating soybeans is finished from 13 days in 7 months to 18 days in 7 months, the sowing method of the fresh-eating soybeans is drilling, the row spacing of the plants is 8 multiplied by 40cm, and 2 ten thousand plants are kept per mu;
s3, field management
(1) Pre-emergence weeding
On the day of sowing fresh-eating soybeans, completing the pre-emergence weeding control work of the greenhouse, adding 15L of water into 15ml of herbicide to obtain a weeding liquid, wherein the dosage of the weeding liquid is 45-60L/mu, and the herbicide in the embodiment is Jindu;
(2) irrigation
Because the propagation season of the fresh-eating soybeans is positive in southern autumn, and the weather is dry at the moment, at least one time of field irrigation is finished 2 days after the fresh-eating soybeans are sown according to the drought condition, so that the fructification rate and the plumpness of the fresh-eating soybeans are prevented from being influenced by the drought weather, and the propagation efficiency is improved;
(3) pest control
Because the protein content of fresh-eating soybeans is high, insect pests are easy to be recruited in the southern autumn by expanding propagation, so that the insects are prevented once respectively in the seedling stage, the flowering stage, the initial podding stage and the grain swelling stage of the fresh-eating soybeans, cypermethrin or DuPont Prigler insecticide can be used, 15L of water is added into every 15mI of the insecticide to obtain insecticide liquid, the using amount of the insecticide liquid is 40-60L/mu, and the insecticide liquid is uniformly sprayed in a spray manner when in use;
(4) reinstallation of greenhouse film
The biggest problem faced by the local propagation in autumn of fresh-eating soybeans is temperature, in the later growth period of the fresh-eating soybeans in the middle 10 months, the outdoor temperature begins to be reduced, and the later harvest of fresh-eating soybean seeds is not facilitated, so that in order to improve the temperature and avoid rainwater, a greenhouse film can be installed for the greenhouse again when the minimum outdoor temperature is reduced to 15-18 ℃, and the greenhouse film is installed when the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃;
s4, harvesting
In the later growth period of fresh soybeans, when 75% -85% of pods become yellow and 15% -25% of the pods become dry, 80% -90% of leaves of the fresh soybean plants are removed to promote the fresh soybeans to be harvested early, when the dry pods reach 65% -75%, the fresh soybean plants are harvested, in the embodiment, when 80% of the pods become yellow and 20% of the pods become dry, 85% of leaves of the fresh soybean plants are removed, and when the dry pods reach 70%, the fresh soybeans are harvested;
s5 post-harvest treatment
And (5) flatly paving the fresh soybean plants harvested in the step (S4) on the ground surface provided with the greenhouse film, and performing soybean threshing treatment after the fresh soybean plants are completely dried.
The method has obvious effects on increasing the unit area propagation yield of the fresh-eating soybean, improving the seed germination rate and the like, has great popularization value and significance, and has a good promotion effect on the whole breeding level of the fresh-eating soybean; according to the method, the vacant period of the planting greenhouse for 7-9 months is fully utilized, the idle land is fully utilized, technical innovation and improvement are carried out on the seeding time, the seeding density and the field management of the fresh-eating soybeans aiming at the problems of local propagation of the fresh-eating soybeans in the south of China, the greenhouse is utilized to properly heat and avoid rain, the short-day requirements of the fresh-eating soybeans are met, the fresh-eating soybeans are prevented from encountering high-temperature weather in the flowering period and the pod-expanding period, and the maturing rate and the seed plumpness of the fresh-eating soybeans are improved; the invention better solves the problem of local propagation of fresh-eating soybeans in south China, improves the yield of propagation seeds by more than 5 percent and ensures that the germination rate of the seeds is as high as more than 80 percent.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the verification process of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fresh soybean propagation and harvesting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, film uncovering and soil preparation
Removing a greenhouse film of the greenhouse before 7 months, uniformly spreading the ternary compound fertilizer on the soil in the greenhouse from the beginning of 7 months to 10 months after 7 months, wherein the spreading amount of the ternary compound fertilizer is 35-45 kg/mu, then finely tilling and plowing the soil in which the ternary compound fertilizer is spread until the ternary compound fertilizer is uniformly buried into the soil, and carrying out compartment treatment on the soil in the greenhouse;
s2, sowing seeds
After the step S1 is finished, finishing the seeding work of the fresh soybean from 13 days in 7 months to 18 days in 7 months;
s3, field management
(1) Pre-emergence weeding
The pre-emergence weeding prevention and control work of the greenhouse is finished on the day of sowing fresh-eating soybeans, 15L of water is added into 15ml of herbicide to obtain a weeding liquid, and the dosage of the weeding liquid is 45-60L/mu;
(2) irrigation
2 days after the fresh soybean is sowed, carrying out at least one field irrigation;
(3) pest control
The method comprises the following steps of respectively preventing insects once in a seedling stage, a flowering stage, a pod setting initial stage and a grain swelling stage of fresh soybean, adding 15L of water into 15mI of an insecticide to obtain an insecticide liquid, wherein the insecticide liquid is used in an amount of 40-60L/mu and is uniformly sprayed in a spray manner when being used;
(4) reinstallation of greenhouse film
In the later growth period of fresh soybean in 10 middle ten days, when the minimum outdoor temperature is reduced to 15-18 ℃, installing a greenhouse film for the greenhouse again;
s4, harvesting
In the later growth period of fresh soybean, when 75-85% of pods become yellow and 15-25% of pods become dry, 80-90% of leaves of fresh soybean plants are removed, and when the dry pods reach 65-75%, the fresh soybean plants are harvested;
s5 post-harvest treatment
And (5) flatly paving the fresh soybean plants harvested in the step (S4) on the ground surface provided with the greenhouse film, and performing soybean threshing treatment after the fresh soybean plants are completely dried.
2. The propagation-expanding harvesting method for fresh-eating soybeans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spreading amount of the ternary compound fertilizer in the step S1 is 40 kg/mu.
3. The propagation and harvesting method for fresh soybean as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plowing depth of the soil in step S1 is 20cm-30 cm.
4. The fresh soybean propagation and harvesting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of each compartment of the land in step S1 is 1.2-1.5 m.
5. The propagation expanding and harvesting method for fresh-eating soybeans according to claim 1, wherein the sowing method for fresh-eating soybeans in the step S2 is drilling, the row spacing of the plants is 8 x 40cm, and 2 ten thousand plants are kept per mu.
6. The method for expanding propagation and harvesting fresh-eating soybeans according to claim 1, wherein the herbicide in the step (1) of S3 is Kindole.
7. The expanding propagation harvesting method for fresh-eating soybeans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pesticide in (3) in the step S3 is cypermethrin or Dupont Pont.
8. The expanding propagation harvesting method for fresh soybean according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, at the later stage of growth of fresh soybean, 85% of leaves of fresh soybean plant are removed when 80% of pods become yellow and 20% of pods become dry, and fresh soybean is harvested when the dry pods become 70%.
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2019
- 2019-10-25 CN CN201911020523.1A patent/CN110583414B/en active Active
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