CN110571462B - Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents

Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110571462B
CN110571462B CN201910942345.1A CN201910942345A CN110571462B CN 110571462 B CN110571462 B CN 110571462B CN 201910942345 A CN201910942345 A CN 201910942345A CN 110571462 B CN110571462 B CN 110571462B
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hydrogen
fuel cell
direct current
hydropower station
hydrogen fuel
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CN110571462A (en
Inventor
桂远乾
梁波
贺徽
刘亚青
崔磊
陈金鑫
张�杰
荣雪宁
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0656Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the output end of the hydropower station hydrogen production system is communicated with a hydropower station hydrogen storage system through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the hydropower station hydrogen storage system is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell pile through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the input end of the direct current switch cabinet; the output end of the direct current switch cabinet is electrically connected with a direct current power utilization load of the hydropower station; a pressure sensor is arranged in the hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station; an adjustable valve is arranged on a hydrogen transmission pipeline between the hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station and the hydrogen fuel cell; a current transducer and a voltage transducer are arranged on a line electrically connected with the direct current switch cabinet by the hydrogen fuel cell stack; the pressure sensor, the adjustable valve, the current transducer and the voltage transducer are respectively and electrically connected with the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet. The invention uses hydrogen energy fuel cell (electrochemical reaction) mode to overcome the defect of high pollution and toxicity after leakage by taking lead-acid storage battery as backup power supply.

Description

Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic hydroelectric power and electromechanics, in particular to a hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
The hydropower station is provided with a direct current system for providing direct current power for signal equipment, protection, automatic devices, accident lighting, emergency power supply and switching-on and switching-off operations of a breaker. The direct current system is a relatively independent power supply system in a hydropower plant, and is provided with an alternating current power supply from the outside in normal operation and is rectified by the direct current charging device, and the direct current power supply is continuously provided by the direct current storage battery under the condition of external alternating current interruption so as to ensure the power supply continuity of control and protection equipment. Currently, most of the batteries of the direct current system of the hydropower station adopt lead-acid or cadmium-nickel batteries, and the lead-acid or cadmium-nickel batteries have certain corrosiveness and toxicity, so that not only are special compartments arranged independently, but also serious environmental pollution is caused once leakage occurs, and even personal safety is endangered, and related protective measures are needed. In addition, the battery life is limited, the performance of the battery gradually decreases with the increase of the running time, and when the battery life expires, a new battery needs to be replaced to ensure continuous and reliable power supply of the system direct current.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, which effectively improves the safety of operators, reduces the energy conservation and consumption reduction of equipment, replaces the traditional equipment with high energy consumption and high pollution, and realizes zero emission of the operation and maintenance of the hydropower station.
The invention provides a hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising a hydropower station hydrogen production system, a hydropower station hydrogen storage system, a pressure sensor, a hydrogen transmission pipeline, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an adjustable valve, a current transducer, a voltage transducer, a hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet and a direct current switch cabinet; the output end of the hydropower station hydrogen production system is communicated with the hydropower station hydrogen storage system through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the hydropower station hydrogen storage system is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell pile through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the input end of the direct current switch cabinet; the output end of the direct current switch cabinet is electrically connected with a direct current power utilization load of the hydropower station; a pressure sensor is arranged in the hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station; an adjustable valve is arranged on a hydrogen transmission pipeline between the hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station and the hydrogen fuel cell; a current transducer and a voltage transducer are arranged on a line electrically connected with the direct current switch cabinet by the hydrogen fuel cell stack; the pressure sensor, the adjustable valve, the current transducer and the voltage transducer are respectively and electrically connected with the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet.
In the technical scheme, the positive electrode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the direct current switch cabinet, and the negative electrode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the direct current switch cabinet; the current transducer is connected in series between the positive electrode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the positive electrode of the direct current switch cabinet; the voltage transmitter is connected in series between the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current switch cabinet.
In the technical scheme, the hydrogen transmission pipeline is made of steel materials and adopts a welding process, the transportation pressure is 8Mpa, and the pipe diameter is determined according to the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack.
In the technical scheme, the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack adopts the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the capacity of the hydrogen energy fuel cell is determined according to the direct current load of the hydropower station, and the capacity is within 100 kW.
According to the technical scheme, the direct-current switch cabinet is provided with the direct-current bus and the direct-current circuit breaker, and is connected to the direct-current power distribution sub-cabinets of each direct-current load center of the hydropower station through the cable to supply power.
In the technical scheme, the hydrogen and electricity combined control cabinet is controlled by adopting a PLC, and the output current and the output voltage of the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack are respectively acquired through the current transmitter and the voltage transmitter in a closed-loop control mode, and the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is monitored through the pressure sensor; the hydrogen gas inflow of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is regulated by controlling the adjustable valve, so that the direct current output capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is controlled.
In the technical scheme, the hydrogen storage system adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank which is arranged near a storage battery chamber of the hydropower station, the hydrogen storage tank is made of steel, aluminum or carbon fiber, the storage pressure is 10-70 Mpa, and the volume of the hydrogen storage tank is determined according to the capacity of a hydrogen fuel cell stack.
The invention is a novel hydropower station direct current power supply, can realize that the hydropower station operation equipment does not contain toxic and harmful lead-acid materials, and can realize the requirements of zero emission and zero pollution in the long-term operation and maintenance process.
The method adopts a series of hydrogen energy development and application technologies of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen energy fuel cells of the hydropower station, and can completely replace a high-pollution and high-emission direct-current power supply system of the traditional lead-acid storage battery. Especially has important significance for the development and utilization of the whole process of zero emission and 100% clean renewable energy sources of the actual hydropower station power generation, power transmission and operation and maintenance. (1) The full cleaning of the direct current system battery can be realized, and the environmental pollution is reduced to the minimum; (2) The power station is used for generating electricity to produce hydrogen, so that the on-site effective recycling and utilization of energy are realized; (3) The water is abandoned to generate electricity for hydrogen production, so that the power grid is effectively balanced, and the hydrogen production cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of the present invention;
the hydrogen production system comprises a hydrogen production system of a hydropower station, a hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station, a pressure sensor of the hydropower station, a hydrogen transmission pipeline of the hydropower station, a hydrogen fuel cell stack of the hydropower station, an adjustable valve of the hydropower station, a current transmitter of the hydropower station, a voltage transmitter of the hydropower station, a hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet of the hydropower station, and a direct current switch cabinet of the hydropower station, wherein the hydropower station is provided with the hydrogen transmission pipeline of the hydropower station.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are given for clarity of understanding and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a novel hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, a hydropower station hydrogen production system 1, a hydropower station hydrogen storage system 2, a pressure sensor 2.1, a hydrogen transmission pipeline 3, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 4, an adjustable valve 5, a current transmitter 6, a voltage transmitter 7, a hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet 8 and a direct current switch cabinet 9.
The hydrogen production system 1 of the hydropower station utilizes station power to produce hydrogen by adopting the principle of electrolytic hydrogen production and sends the hydrogen to the hydrogen storage system 2 through the hydrogen delivery pipeline 3. The hydrogen source can adopt hydropower station water-discarding power generation to produce hydrogen, the scheme can avoid the problem of high energy consumption of the traditional electrolytic hydrogen production, and realize the storage of redundant electric energy sources
The hydropower station hydrogen storage system 2 is stored by adopting a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, is arranged near a hydropower station storage battery chamber, is made of materials including steel, aluminum or carbon fiber and the like, has storage pressure of 10-70 Mpa, has volume determined according to the capacity of a fuel cell, is provided with a pressure sensor or a pressure transmitter 2.1, and monitors the gas pressure of a tank body in real time;
the hydrogen storage system 2 supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 4 through the hydrogen transmission pipeline 3;
the hydrogen transmission pipeline 3 is made of steel materials and adopts a welding process, the transportation pressure is 8Mpa, and the pipe diameter is determined according to the capacity of the fuel cell;
the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack 4 converts the input hydrogen energy into electric energy, outputs a direct-current voltage, and is connected to a bus of the direct-current switch cabinet 9 via a cable. The hydrogen energy fuel cell adopts a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the capacity of the hydrogen energy fuel cell is determined according to the direct current load of a hydropower station, the capacity is within 100kW, and a current transmitter 6 and a voltage transmitter 7 are arranged at the output end of a hydrogen fuel cell stack to realize real-time monitoring of output power;
the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet 8 is controlled by adopting a PLC (programmable logic controller), the output current and voltage of the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack are collected through the current transmitter 6 and the voltage transmitter 7 in a closed-loop control mode, the output state of the hydrogen production fuel cell stack is analyzed, the opening of the adjustable valve 5 is automatically adjusted, so that the air inflow of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is adjusted, the direct current output capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 4 is controlled, the output voltage of the fuel cell stack is kept between 220V and 253V, or between 110V and 126.5V or between 48V and 55.2V (the output voltage is determined according to the load requirement), meanwhile, the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank is monitored by the pressure transmitter 2.1, and an alarm signal is released when the pressure is too high; the hydrogen fuel cell control cabinet automatically adjusts the working characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell, automatically adjusts the hydrogen fuel cell through the feedback parameters such as load current, voltage and the like of a hydrogen fuel cell stack, and monitors and sends alarm signals to various parameters of the cell and hydrogen storage equipment through arranging a sensor in the hydrogen storage tank.
And the direct-current switch cabinet 9 is provided with a direct-current bus and a direct-current breaker, and is connected to the direct-current distribution sub-cabinet of each direct-current load center of the hydropower station through a cable to supply power.
The invention aims to overcome the defect of high pollution and toxicity after leakage by taking a lead-acid storage battery as a backup power supply in the hydropower station by using a hydrogen energy fuel cell (electrochemical reaction) mode, and provides a novel mode of a novel direct current system power supply of the hydropower station with completely zero emission, cleanness and environmental protection. The method is applicable to all hydropower stations (factories), and has important significance for improving the safety of operators in the power stations, reducing the energy consumption of equipment, replacing high-energy-consumption and high-pollution traditional equipment and realizing zero emission of the operation and maintenance of the hydropower stations.
The traditional direct current system can not directly supply load due to limited battery capacity, and the storage battery is only used for standby after the external alternating current is required to be supplied, and the storage battery is rectified by the charging device to supply power to the load, and the standby time is not longer than 2 hours. After the hydrogen fuel cell is adopted, only enough hydrogen is needed to be provided, the direct current power supply is not limited by standby time, and the load electricity consumption can be reliably ensured; meanwhile, after the hydrogen fuel cell outputs direct-current voltage, the direct-current voltage is directly connected to the direct-current main disc through voltage regulation, and then the direct-current main disc supplies power to each load point, so that the links of the traditional charging device are reduced. The battery of the traditional type needs to be charged and discharged regularly, so that the energy consumption and the operation and maintenance workload are increased, the battery has a memory effect, the performance of the battery is reduced year by year, the hydrogen fuel battery does not need to be charged and discharged regularly, and the memory effect is avoided.
The invention is a novel hydropower station direct current power supply, can realize that the hydropower station operation equipment does not contain toxic and harmful lead-acid materials, and can realize the requirements of zero emission and zero pollution in the long-term operation and maintenance process.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (4)

1. A hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell is characterized by comprising a hydropower station hydrogen production system, a hydropower station hydrogen storage system, a pressure sensor, a hydrogen transmission pipeline, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an adjustable valve, a current transmitter, a voltage transmitter, a hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet and a direct current switch cabinet; the output end of the hydropower station hydrogen production system is communicated with the hydropower station hydrogen storage system through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the hydropower station hydrogen storage system is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell pile through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the input end of the direct current switch cabinet; the output end of the direct current switch cabinet is electrically connected with a direct current power utilization load of the hydropower station; a pressure sensor is arranged in the hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station; an adjustable valve is arranged on a hydrogen transmission pipeline between the hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station and the hydrogen fuel cell; a current transducer and a voltage transducer are arranged on a line electrically connected with the direct current switch cabinet by the hydrogen fuel cell stack; the pressure sensor, the adjustable valve, the current transducer and the voltage transducer are respectively and electrically connected with the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet;
the anode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the anode of the direct current switch cabinet, and the cathode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the cathode of the direct current switch cabinet; the current transducer is connected in series between the positive electrode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the positive electrode of the direct current switch cabinet; the voltage transmitter is connected in series between the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current switch cabinet;
the hydrogen transmission pipeline adopts steel materials and a welding process, the transportation pressure is 8Mpa, and the pipe diameter is determined according to the capacity of a hydrogen fuel cell stack;
the hydrogen and electricity combined control cabinet is controlled by a PLC, and the output current and the output voltage of the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack are respectively collected through a current transducer and a voltage transducer in a closed-loop control mode, and the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is monitored through a pressure sensor; the hydrogen gas inflow of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is regulated by controlling the adjustable valve, so that the direct current output capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is controlled.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell based hydropower station direct current system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell stack adopts proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cells is determined according to the direct current load of the hydropower station, and is within 100 kW.
3. The hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that the direct current switch cabinet is provided with a direct current bus and a direct current breaker, and is supplied with power by a direct current distribution sub-cabinet connected to each direct current load center of the hydropower station by a cable.
4. The hydropower station direct current system based on the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the hydropower station hydrogen storage system adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank which is arranged near a hydropower station storage battery chamber, the hydrogen storage tank is made of steel, aluminum or carbon fiber, the storage pressure is 10-70 mpa, and the volume of the hydrogen storage tank is determined according to the capacity of a hydrogen fuel cell stack.
CN201910942345.1A 2019-09-30 2019-09-30 Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell Active CN110571462B (en)

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WO2012027925A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-08 江苏中靖新能源科技有限公司 Polymer type hydrogen fuel cell having hydrogen generation device and control system
CN106787139A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 北京有色金属研究总院 A kind of hydrogen-preparing hydrogen-storing backup power system of fuel cell for communication base station
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CN207009561U (en) * 2017-07-13 2018-02-13 北京理工大学 A kind of hydrogen fuel cell system based on photovoltaic hydrogen manufacturing
CN109995081A (en) * 2019-04-15 2019-07-09 杨清萍 A kind of clean energy resource power generating and hydrogen producing, hydrogen energy storage cogeneration system
CN210576247U (en) * 2019-09-30 2020-05-19 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20070088992A (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 임사환 Cogeneration system using for fuel cell
JP2009071959A (en) * 2007-09-12 2009-04-02 Takasago Thermal Eng Co Ltd Power supply system
WO2012027925A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-08 江苏中靖新能源科技有限公司 Polymer type hydrogen fuel cell having hydrogen generation device and control system
CN106787139A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 北京有色金属研究总院 A kind of hydrogen-preparing hydrogen-storing backup power system of fuel cell for communication base station
CN107017651A (en) * 2017-05-22 2017-08-04 北京鑫海港亿科技有限公司 The hydrogen fuel composite battery and its electricity-generating method of a kind of wind power hydrogen production energy storage
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CN109995081A (en) * 2019-04-15 2019-07-09 杨清萍 A kind of clean energy resource power generating and hydrogen producing, hydrogen energy storage cogeneration system
CN210576247U (en) * 2019-09-30 2020-05-19 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell

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