CN110571462A - Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents
Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN110571462A CN110571462A CN201910942345.1A CN201910942345A CN110571462A CN 110571462 A CN110571462 A CN 110571462A CN 201910942345 A CN201910942345 A CN 201910942345A CN 110571462 A CN110571462 A CN 110571462A
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- hydrogen
- fuel cell
- hydropower station
- direct current
- cell stack
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 6
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the output end of a hydrogen production system of a hydropower station is communicated with a hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the hydropower station hydrogen storage system is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell stack through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the input end of the direct current switch cabinet; the output end of the direct current switch cabinet is electrically connected with a direct current electric load of the hydropower station; a pressure sensor is arranged in the hydropower station hydrogen storage system; an adjustable valve is arranged on a hydrogen transmission pipeline between the hydropower station hydrogen storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell; a current transmitter and a voltage transmitter are arranged on a circuit electrically connected with the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the direct current switch cabinet; the pressure sensor, the adjustable valve, the current transmitter and the voltage transmitter are respectively and electrically connected with the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet. The invention uses hydrogen energy fuel cell (electrochemical reaction) mode to overcome the defects of high pollution and toxicity after leakage by using lead-acid storage battery as a backup power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower, in particular to a hydropower station direct-current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
The hydropower station is provided with a direct current system to provide direct current power for signal equipment, protection, automatic devices, emergency lighting, emergency power supply and breaker opening and closing operations. The direct current system is a relatively independent power supply system in a hydraulic power plant, an alternating current power supply is provided from the outside during normal operation, the direct current power supply is provided after being rectified by a direct current charging device, and the direct current power supply is continuously provided by a direct current storage battery under the condition that the external alternating current is interrupted, so that the power supply continuity of control and protection equipment is ensured. At present, most of batteries of a direct current system of a hydropower station adopt lead-acid or cadmium-nickel storage batteries, and the lead-acid or cadmium-nickel storage batteries have certain corrosivity and toxicity, and not only need special compartments to be arranged independently, but also cause serious environmental pollution once leakage, even endanger personal safety, and therefore need to take related protective measures. In addition, the service life of the storage battery is limited, the performance of the battery is gradually reduced along with the increase of the operation time, and when the service life of the storage battery is over, a new battery needs to be replaced to ensure the continuous and reliable power supply of the system direct current.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, which effectively improves the safety of operating personnel, reduces energy consumption and consumption of equipment, replaces traditional equipment with high energy consumption and high pollution, and realizes zero emission of operation and maintenance of a hydropower station.
The invention provides a hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising a hydropower station hydrogen production system, a hydropower station hydrogen storage system, a pressure sensor, a hydrogen transmission pipeline, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an adjustable valve, a current transmitter, a voltage transmitter, a hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet and a direct current switch cabinet; wherein the output end of the hydrogen production system of the hydropower station is communicated with the hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the hydropower station hydrogen storage system is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell stack through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the input end of the direct current switch cabinet; the output end of the direct current switch cabinet is electrically connected with a direct current electric load of the hydropower station; a pressure sensor is arranged in the hydropower station hydrogen storage system; an adjustable valve is arranged on a hydrogen transmission pipeline between the hydropower station hydrogen storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell; a current transmitter and a voltage transmitter are arranged on a circuit electrically connected with the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the direct current switch cabinet; the pressure sensor, the adjustable valve, the current transmitter and the voltage transmitter are respectively and electrically connected with the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet.
In the above technical solution, the positive output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the dc switch cabinet, and the negative output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the dc switch cabinet; the current transducer is connected in series between the positive electrode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the positive electrode of the direct current switch cabinet; the voltage transducer is connected in series between the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current switch cabinet.
in the technical scheme, the hydrogen transmission pipeline is made of steel materials and is welded, the transmission pressure is 8Mpa, and the pipe diameter is determined according to the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack.
In the technical scheme, the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack adopts a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the capacity of the hydrogen energy fuel cell is determined according to the direct current load of the hydropower station, and the capacity is within 100 kW.
In the technical scheme, the direct current switch cabinet is provided with the direct current bus and the direct current circuit breaker and is connected to the direct current distribution sub-cabinet of each direct current load center of the hydropower station through a cable for supplying power.
In the technical scheme, the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet is controlled by adopting a PLC (programmable logic controller), the output current and the output voltage of the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack are respectively collected by a current transducer and a voltage transducer in a closed-loop control mode, and the pressure of a hydrogen storage system is monitored by a pressure sensor; the hydrogen gas inflow of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is adjusted by controlling the adjustable valve, so that the direct current output capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is controlled.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, hydrogen storage system adopts high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, arranges near power station battery chamber, and hydrogen storage tank adopts including steel, aluminium or carbon fiber preparation, and storage pressure 10 ~ 70Mpa, and the volume size of hydrogen storage tank is confirmed according to the capacity of hydrogen fuel cell pile.
The invention is a hydropower station direct current power supply with a brand new mode, can realize that no toxic and harmful lead-acid materials are contained in hydropower station operation equipment, and can realize the requirements of zero emission and zero pollution in the long-term operation and maintenance process.
The method adopts hydropower station hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen energy fuel cell-one-line hydrogen energy development and application technology, and can completely replace the traditional lead-acid storage battery direct-current power supply system with high pollution and high emission. The method is particularly significant for zero emission of the whole process of power generation, power transmission and operation and maintenance of the hydropower station and development and utilization of 100% clean renewable energy. (1) The complete cleaning of the direct current system battery can be realized, and the environmental pollution is reduced to the minimum; (2) the power station is used for generating electricity to produce hydrogen, so that the energy can be effectively recycled and utilized on site; (3) the hydrogen is produced by power generation by water abandonment, the power grid is effectively balanced, and the hydrogen production cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
The system comprises a hydropower station hydrogen production system 1, a hydropower station hydrogen storage system 2, a pressure sensor 2.1, a hydrogen transmission pipeline 3, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 4, an adjustable valve 5, a current transmitter 6, a voltage transmitter 7, a hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet 8 and a direct current switch cabinet 9.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention, but are for clear understanding.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a novel hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a hydropower station hydrogen production system 1, a hydropower station hydrogen storage system 2, a pressure sensor 2.1, a hydrogen transmission pipeline 3, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 4, an adjustable valve 5, a current transducer 6, a voltage transducer 7, a hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet 8 and a direct current switch cabinet 9.
the hydropower station hydrogen production system 1 utilizes station power in a power station, adopts the principle of hydrogen production by electrolysis, and sends hydrogen to the hydrogen storage system 2 through the hydrogen transmission pipeline 3. The hydrogen source can be generated by water-abandoning electricity generation of a hydropower station to produce hydrogen, the scheme can avoid the problem of high energy consumption of the traditional electrolytic hydrogen production and realize the storage of redundant electric energy
The hydropower station hydrogen storage system 2 is stored by adopting a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and is arranged near a storage battery chamber of the hydropower station, the hydrogen storage tank is made of materials such as steel, aluminum or carbon fiber, the storage pressure is 10-70 Mpa, the volume of the hydrogen storage tank is determined according to the capacity of a fuel cell, a pressure sensor or a pressure transmitter 2.1 is arranged on the hydrogen storage tank, and the gas pressure of a tank body is monitored in real time;
The hydrogen storage system 2 provides hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel cell stack 4 through a hydrogen transmission pipeline 3;
The hydrogen transmission pipeline 3 adopts steel materials and a welding process, the transmission pressure is 8Mpa, and the pipe diameter is determined according to the capacity of the fuel cell;
the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack 4 converts the input hydrogen energy into electric energy, outputs direct current voltage, and is connected to a bus of the direct current switch cabinet 9 through a cable. The hydrogen energy fuel cell adopts a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the capacity of the hydrogen energy fuel cell is determined according to the direct current load of a hydropower station, the capacity is within 100kW, and a current transmitter 6 and a voltage transmitter 7 are arranged at the output end of a hydrogen fuel cell stack to realize the real-time monitoring of the output power;
The hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet 8 is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller), acquires the output current and voltage of the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack by a current transmitter 6 and a voltage transmitter 7 in a closed-loop control mode, analyzes the output state of the hydrogen production fuel cell stack, automatically adjusts the opening of an adjustable valve 5 so as to adjust the air input of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, controls the direct current output capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 4, keeps the output voltage of the fuel cell stack at 220-253V, or 110-126.5V or 48-55.2V (the output voltage is determined according to the load requirement), and simultaneously monitors the pressure of a hydrogen storage tank by using a pressure transmitter 2.1 and releases an alarm signal when the pressure is too high; the hydrogen fuel cell control cabinet automatically adjusts the working characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell, automatically adjusts the hydrogen fuel cell through the feedback parameters of load current, voltage and the like of the hydrogen production fuel cell stack, and monitors and sends alarm signals of various parameters of the cell and hydrogen storage equipment through arranging a sensor in the hydrogen storage tank.
And the direct current switch cabinet 9 is provided with a direct current bus and a direct current breaker and is connected to the direct current distribution branch cabinets of each direct current load center of the hydropower station through cables for supplying power.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of high pollution and toxicity after leakage of the hydropower station taking a lead-acid storage battery as a backup power supply by using a hydrogen energy fuel cell (electrochemical reaction) mode, and provides a new mode of a clean and environment-friendly hydropower station 'new direct current system' power supply with zero emission. The method is suitable for all hydropower stations (plants), and has important significance for improving the safety of operating personnel of the hydropower stations, reducing the energy conservation and consumption reduction of equipment, replacing high-energy-consumption and high-pollution traditional equipment and realizing zero emission of operation and maintenance of the hydropower stations.
the traditional direct current system cannot directly supply loads due to limited battery capacity, needs external alternating current and supplies power to the loads through rectification of a charging device, and the storage battery is only used as a spare battery, and has limited capacity, and the spare time is not more than 2 h. After the hydrogen fuel cell is adopted, only enough hydrogen needs to be provided, the direct current power supply is not limited by standby time, and the power consumption of the load can be reliably guaranteed; meanwhile, after the hydrogen fuel cell outputs direct-current voltage, the direct-current voltage is directly connected to the direct-current main disc through voltage regulation, and then the direct-current main disc supplies power to each load point, so that the link of the traditional charging device is reduced. The conventional battery needs to be charged and discharged regularly, so that the energy consumption and the operation and maintenance workload are increased, the battery has a memory effect, the performance of the battery is reduced year by year, and the hydrogen fuel battery does not need to be charged and discharged regularly and has no memory effect.
The invention is a hydropower station direct current power supply with a brand new mode, can realize that no toxic and harmful lead-acid materials are contained in hydropower station operation equipment, and can realize the requirements of zero emission and zero pollution in the long-term operation and maintenance process.
Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A hydropower station direct current system based on a hydrogen fuel cell is characterized by comprising a hydropower station hydrogen production system, a hydropower station hydrogen storage system, a pressure sensor, a hydrogen transmission pipeline, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, an adjustable valve, a current transmitter, a voltage transmitter, a hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet and a direct current switch cabinet; wherein the output end of the hydrogen production system of the hydropower station is communicated with the hydrogen storage system of the hydropower station through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the hydropower station hydrogen storage system is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell stack through a hydrogen transmission pipeline; the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the input end of the direct current switch cabinet; the output end of the direct current switch cabinet is electrically connected with a direct current electric load of the hydropower station; a pressure sensor is arranged in the hydropower station hydrogen storage system; an adjustable valve is arranged on a hydrogen transmission pipeline between the hydropower station hydrogen storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell; a current transmitter and a voltage transmitter are arranged on a circuit electrically connected with the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the direct current switch cabinet; the pressure sensor, the adjustable valve, the current transmitter and the voltage transmitter are respectively and electrically connected with the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell based hydropower station direct current system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the anode of the direct current switch cabinet, and the cathode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is electrically connected with the cathode of the direct current switch cabinet; the current transducer is connected in series between the positive electrode output end of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the positive electrode of the direct current switch cabinet; the voltage transducer is connected in series between the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current switch cabinet.
3. The hydropower station direct-current system based on the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen delivery pipeline is made of steel materials and is welded, the transportation pressure is 8Mpa, and the pipe diameter is determined according to the capacity of a hydrogen fuel cell stack.
4. The hydropower station direct-current system based on the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack adopts a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the capacity of the hydrogen energy fuel cell is determined according to the direct-current load of the hydropower station, and the capacity is within 100 kW.
5. The direct current system of a hydropower station based on a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the direct current switch cabinet is provided with a direct current bus and a direct current breaker, and is connected to direct current distribution branch cabinets of various direct current load centers of the hydropower station through cables for supplying power.
6. The hydropower station direct-current system based on the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen-electricity combined control cabinet is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller), and utilizes a closed-loop control mode to collect the output current and the output voltage of the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack through a current transducer and a voltage transducer respectively and monitor the pressure of the hydrogen storage system through a pressure sensor; the hydrogen gas inflow of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is adjusted by controlling the adjustable valve, so that the direct current output capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is controlled.
7. The hydropower station direct-current system based on the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the hydropower station hydrogen storage system adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank which is arranged near a storage battery chamber of the hydropower station, the hydrogen storage tank is made of steel, aluminum or carbon fiber, the storage pressure is 10-70 MPa, and the volume of the hydrogen storage tank is determined according to the capacity of a hydrogen fuel cell stack.
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CN201910942345.1A CN110571462B (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Hydropower station direct current system based on hydrogen fuel cell |
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