CN110654520A - Ship direct-current networking system adopting fuel cell and ship applying same - Google Patents

Ship direct-current networking system adopting fuel cell and ship applying same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110654520A
CN110654520A CN201910914501.3A CN201910914501A CN110654520A CN 110654520 A CN110654520 A CN 110654520A CN 201910914501 A CN201910914501 A CN 201910914501A CN 110654520 A CN110654520 A CN 110654520A
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power
fuel cell
ship
hydrogen
storage battery
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程鹏
梁宁
李睿烨
兰海
史超
李攀龙
王晓超
成倩
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
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    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/20—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units
    • B63H2021/202—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units of hybrid electric type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a ship direct current networking system adopting a fuel cell and a ship applying the system. The electric energy generated by the wind generating set is output to an electrolytic cell to electrolyze seawater to produce hydrogen; the surplus electric energy is stored in the storage battery pack. The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell is output to an electrolytic cell, and seawater is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen; redundant electric energy is stored in the storage battery pack, wind energy and solar energy are utilized to convert the redundant electric energy into clean hydrogen energy, so that power supplied by a ship power system is completely from new energy, the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment are solved to a certain extent, the utilization efficiency of the new energy is improved, and the reduction of the ship operation cost is facilitated. Wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation are connected together through water electrolysis hydrogen production, grid-connected control of the wind power generation and the photovoltaic power generation is omitted, and the problem of grid-connected consumption of a ship power grid on new energy power generation is not needed to be considered.

Description

Ship direct-current networking system adopting fuel cell and ship applying same
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ship direct current networking system and a ship using the same, in particular to a ship direct current networking system adopting a fuel cell and a ship using the same.
Background
With the increasing demand for energy, the traditional fossil energy has not been able to meet the demand of people. And clean new energy power generation becomes more and more important based on the requirement for environmental protection. The power generation device of the traditional ship power system basically adopts fossil energy as a raw material, but the cost of the fossil energy is continuously increased, so that the operation cost of the ship is also continuously increased, abundant renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like are stored in the ocean, the operation cost of the ship is favorably reduced by reasonably developing and utilizing the renewable energy sources, and the power generation device has important significance for protecting the ocean environment and promoting the sustainable development of shipping industry.
The new energy power generation technology is mature day by day, and the application of the new energy power generation technology to ships becomes a trend and is widely applied. However, due to randomness and unpredictability of wind energy and solar energy, the wind energy and solar energy are used as main power generation devices, and grid-connected power generation of the wind energy and solar energy has certain influence on a power grid. Compared with a land power grid, the ship power grid is a mobile micro-grid, the consumption capacity of new energy power generation is greatly reduced, and the problems of wind and light abandonment are more serious. Therefore, how to fully utilize renewable energy sources and reduce the influence of the renewable energy sources on a power grid, and ensuring stability is a problem which needs to be solved urgently nowadays.
Fuel cells, as an environmentally friendly renewable energy source and an ideal distributed power source, offer a new energy source option for ships, even providing sufficient power comparable to the power grid. The most widely used fuel cell is hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, which generally uses hydrogen as fuel. The hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high efficiency, cleanness, no pollution and easy generation, a large amount of hydrogen energy is needed for obtaining enough electric energy, and how to obtain and store the hydrogen energy is crucial to the stable operation of a ship power system.
The hydrogen production by electrolyzing water is a widely used hydrogen production method at present, and the hydrogen production by utilizing renewable energy sources is a development trend of future energy sources. Wind power hydrogen production and solar hydrogen production are main ways for producing hydrogen by using new energy. Wind energy, solar energy and hydrogen energy are combined together in the mode, grid-connected control is omitted, and sufficient electric energy can be output through the fuel cell to supply power to the power system. The output of the fuel cell is direct current, and compared with the traditional alternating current networking, the direct current networking has many advantages.
The application number CN201721390215.4 discloses a wind-solar-hydrogen independent power supply system, wherein a wind driven generator and a solar panel of the wind-solar-hydrogen independent power supply system supply power to users and supply power to a hydrolysis tank for hydrogen production through a storage battery, renewable energy sources cannot be fully utilized, and the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment are not considered; the application number CN201320148892.0 discloses a wind-light-hydrogen complementary grid-connected power station based on fuel cells, wind energy and solar energy, which is not suitable for being used as an independent power supply and needs to consider the problem of new energy power generation grid connection; the hydrogen fuel composite battery for hydrogen production and energy storage by wind power and the power generation method thereof disclosed in application No. CN201710363226.1 and the hydrogen fuel battery system for hydrogen production based on solar photovoltaic and the power generation method thereof disclosed in application No. CN201710570241.3 both need to consider that a wind driven generator and a photovoltaic battery directly supply power for a power grid or a load, so that new energy power generation needs to be controlled to meet grid-connected conditions; the application number CN201610597945.5 discloses a wind-light-hydrogen energy storage and coal chemical industry hybrid power generation system, which utilizes redundant electric energy generated by a wind-light complementary system to electrolyze water and still needs to consider the grid connection problem of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation; CN201721807759.6 discloses a fuel cell power supply and a battery power supply system, where the fuel cell and an auxiliary power supply are ac-networked by an inverter, and matching of amplitude, frequency and phase needs to be controlled.
Therefore, the new energy ship direct-current networking system based on the fuel cell enables power supplied by a ship power system to come from new energy, improves the utilization efficiency of the new energy, and does not need to consider the grid connection problem of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation. And the arrangement mode of the new energy power generation system based on the fuel cell on the ship is given.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a ship direct current networking system adopting a fuel cell and a ship applying the system, wherein the ship direct current networking system can fully utilize ocean renewable energy sources and realize reasonable utilization of wind, light, hydrogen and other energy sources, so that the power supplied by a ship power system is completely from new energy sources, and the ocean environment is protected.
In order to solve the technical problem, the ship direct current networking system adopting the fuel cell comprises a hydrogen production part and a fuel cell power generation part; the hydrogen production part comprises a wind generating set, a photovoltaic battery pack, a seawater pool, an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen compressor; the fuel cell power generation part comprises a fuel cell pack, a reaction water container, a cooling system and a storage battery pack; the wind generating set is connected to the storage battery through the AC/DC converter and the second storage battery control switch, and is connected to the first electrolytic cell group through the AC/DC converter and the first electrolytic cell control switch; the photovoltaic battery pack is connected to the storage battery through the DC/DC converter and the storage battery control switch IV, and is directly connected to the electrolytic battery pack II through the electrolytic cell control switch III; the controller is connected with a storage battery control switch II and an electrolytic cell control switch I on the wind power side; the second controller is connected with a fourth storage battery control switch and a third electrolytic cell control switch on the photoelectric side; the first controller and the second controller are respectively and independently connected with a switch according to the wind speed and the illumination intensity; the first electrolytic cell group and the second electrolytic cell group electrolyze seawater from a seawater pool to generate hydrogen, the first electrolytic cell group and the second electrolytic cell group respectively comprise a plurality of electrolytic cells, the number of the first electrolytic cell group is determined according to the rated output power and the rated output voltage of the wind generating set, and the number of the second electrolytic cell group is determined according to the rated output power and the rated output voltage of the photovoltaic cell group; the hydrogen is compressed by a hydrogen compressor and then stored in a hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell through a pipeline and used for conveying hydrogen which is used as a reducing agent for combustion reaction; the anode of the fuel cell is connected with an air compressor, and directly absorbs air from the outside, and oxygen in the air is used as an oxidant for combustion reaction; hydrogen and air enter the fuel cell through the humidifier; hydrogen and oxygen react under the action of a catalyst to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is directly transmitted to a direct current power grid; water generated by the fuel cell is stored in the reaction water container and then returned to the seawater pool for recycling; the cooling system adopts water cooling, deionized cooling water is introduced into the fuel cell through a circulating water pump, and after waste heat of the cell is absorbed, the deionized cooling water enters the water tank and exchanges heat with the heat exchanger, and then the deionized cooling water continues to circulate through the circulating water pump; the fuel battery pack and the storage battery pack have the same voltage grade and directly carry out direct current networking to supply power for the power load part; the battery pack is also an energy storage device for the fuel cell stack.
When the wind speed is higher than the starting wind speed and lower than the rated wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is lower than the rated power, the first controller controls the first electrolytic cell control switch to be closed and controls the second storage battery control switch to be opened, and the corresponding number of electrolytic cells are started according to the calculated value of the current output power of the wind generating set to meet the electrolytic power;
when the wind speed reaches the rated wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is the rated power, the first controller controls the first electrolytic cell control switch to be closed and controls the second storage battery control switch to be disconnected, all electrolytic cells are started, and the output electric energy is supplied to the electrolytic cells to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen;
when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed and lower than the cut-out wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is higher than the rated power, the first controller controls the first electrolytic cell control switch and the second storage battery control switch to be simultaneously closed, all electrolytic cells are started, the output voltage meets the charging voltage of the storage batteries by controlling the AC/DC converter, and redundant electric energy is used for charging the storage batteries;
under the condition that the photovoltaic battery pack receives effective illumination, when the illumination intensity is lower than a rated value, the output power of the photovoltaic battery pack is lower than the rated power, the second controller controls the third electrolytic cell control switch to be closed and controls the fourth storage battery control switch to be opened, and the corresponding number of electrolytic cells are started according to the calculated value of the current output power of the photovoltaic battery pack to enable the electrolytic cells to meet the electrolytic power;
when the illumination intensity reaches a rated value, the photovoltaic battery pack outputs rated power, the second controller controls the third electrolytic cell control switch to be closed and controls the fourth storage battery control switch to be disconnected, all electrolytic cells are started, and the output electric energy is supplied to the electrolytic cells to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen;
when the illumination intensity is higher than a rated value, the output power of the photovoltaic battery pack is higher than the rated power, the second controller controls the third electrolytic cell control switch and the fourth storage battery control switch to be simultaneously closed, all the battery packs are started, the output voltage meets the charging voltage of the storage batteries by controlling the DC/DC converter, and redundant electric energy is used for charging the storage batteries;
when the electric energy generated by the fuel cell set meets the requirement of ship load operation, the fuel cell set independently supplies power to the system;
when the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is higher than the electric energy required by the ship load operation, if the change of the load is short-time change, such as the stop of the second type and the third type of loads in the three-type load method, the fuel cell stack not only supplies power for the system, but also charges the storage battery by the redundant electric energy; if the change of the load is a long-term change, such as the first-class load is stopped in a three-class load method, the supply quantity of fuel is reduced, the power generation quantity of a fuel cell is reduced, and redundant hydrogen is stored;
when the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is lower than the requirement of the ship load operation, if the change of the load is short-time change, such as the use of a second type load and a third type load in a three-type load method, the fuel cell stack and the storage battery jointly supply power to the system; if the change of the load is long-term change, such as the use of the first type load in the three-type load method, the supply quantity of the fuel is increased, and the power generation quantity of the fuel cell is improved; if the load needs to exceed the rated power of the fuel cell, the fuel cell group and the storage battery jointly supply power to the system;
when wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation are insufficient to electrolyze water, the residual hydrogen is used for supplying power to the fuel cell and supplying power to the system together with the storage battery.
The invention also discloses a direct current networking system for ships by adopting fuel cells, which comprises the following steps:
1. the emergency diesel generator set is connected to an alternating current power distribution network, and when the fuel cell pack and the storage battery pack cannot meet the requirement of power supply, the emergency diesel generator set supplies power to a first-level load of a system.
2. The fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
3. The charge and discharge mode adopted by the storage battery pack is constant voltage charge and discharge.
According to the ship with the ship direct-current networking system using the fuel cell, a photovoltaic cell group is flatly laid and fixed on the surface of a deck of the ship through a photovoltaic panel support, the photovoltaic cell group is horizontally arranged, a gap is reserved between the photovoltaic cell group and the deck, and a photovoltaic cell panel is laid to the greatest extent according to the surface area of the deck of the ship; the wind generating sets are positioned in the center of the ship body and are symmetrically distributed; the ship direct-current networking system is characterized in that other components except the wind generating set 1 and the photovoltaic battery pack are all positioned in an independent cabin arranged in the cabin: the electrolytic cell is positioned in the center of the ship; the hydrogen storage tank is positioned on the middle longitudinal line of the ship and keeps a distance with any position of a hull plate of the ship body; the hydrogen storage tank is arranged between the electrolytic cell and the fuel cell stack; the seawater pool and the reaction water container are arranged on the same side; the air compressor and the hydrogen compressor are arranged on the same side; the cooling system is closely arranged beside the fuel cell group, and the electrolytic cell, the hydrogen storage tank, the fuel cell group, the hydrogen compressor and the air compressor are connected through corresponding gas transmission pipelines; the fuel cell group, the cooling system, the reaction water container and the seawater pool are connected through corresponding liquid transmission pipelines.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: renewable energy on the sea is fully utilized, including wind energy and solar energy, and is converted into clean hydrogen energy, so that power supplied by a ship power system is completely from new energy, the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment are solved to a certain extent, the utilization efficiency of the new energy is improved, and the reduction of the ship operation cost is facilitated. Wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation are connected together through water electrolysis hydrogen production, grid-connected control of the wind power generation and the photovoltaic power generation is omitted, and the problem of grid-connected consumption of a ship power grid on new energy power generation is not needed to be considered. Meanwhile, the utilization of wind energy and solar energy is considered, and the limitation of respective power generation is avoided.
The system saves the use of a power conversion device in a power generation system to the maximum extent, and saves a great part of cost. Because the redundant electric energy is stored in the storage battery only when the output power of the wind generating set or the photovoltaic power generation is greater than the rated power, the storage battery needed by the system is less, and the space position of the ship is saved. The fuel battery pack adopts direct current networking to enable the system integration level to be higher, the volume of the whole system can be greatly reduced, and the fuel battery pack is favorable for being used on ships with limited space.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topological structure of a fuel cell-based ship direct-current networking system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement mode of a ship direct current networking system on a ship.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the ship DC networking system in the cabin
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The working principle is as follows: the invention provides a new energy ship direct current networking system based on a fuel cell, which enables all power supplied by a ship power system to come from new energy. The fuel cell group is used as a main power device of the ship, and the storage battery group is used as an auxiliary power supply device to form a ship direct current network with the fuel cell group and jointly supply power for the power load of the ship. The electric energy generated by the wind generating set is firstly output to an electrolytic cell through an AC/DC converter and an electrolytic cell control switch, and seawater is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen; if the redundant electric energy passes through the AC/DC converter and the storage battery control switch, the redundant electric energy is stored in the storage battery pack. The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell is directly output to the electrolytic cell through the electrolytic cell control switch, and the seawater is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen; if the redundant electric energy passes through the DC/DC converter and the storage battery control switch, the redundant electric energy is stored in the storage battery pack. And correspondingly configuring the number of the connected electrolytic cells in series and parallel connection according to the output power and output voltage ranges of the wind generating set and the photovoltaic battery pack, and storing hydrogen generated by electrolysis in a hydrogen storage tank after the hydrogen is compressed by a compressor. The hydrogen storage tank is connected with the fuel cell stack and provides hydrogen for the fuel cell stack; the storage battery pack is also used as an energy storage device of the fuel battery pack, and plays a role in ensuring the stability and reliability of power supply. The emergency diesel generator set is connected to the alternating current power distribution network, keeps relative independence with a main system, and provides an emergency power supply for a first-level load of a ship.
With reference to fig. 1, the invention relates to a fuel cell-based ship direct-current networking system, which is mainly divided into a hydrogen production system, a fuel cell power generation system and a power load, wherein the hydrogen production system comprises a wind generating set, a photovoltaic battery pack, a seawater pool, an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen storage tank and the like. One part of the electric energy generated by the wind driven generator is output to the storage battery through the AC/DC converter and the storage battery control switch 2, and the other part of the electric energy is output to the first electrolytic cell group through the AC/DC converter and the electrolytic cell control switch 1; one part of the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell is output to the storage battery through the DC/DC converter and the storage battery control switch 4, and the other part of the electric energy is directly output to the electrolytic cell group II through the electrolytic cell control switch 3; the controller 1 is connected with a storage battery control switch 2 and an electrolytic cell control switch 1 on the wind power side; the controller 2 is connected with a storage battery control switch 4 and an electrolytic cell control switch 3 on the photoelectric side; the controller 1 and the controller 2 are independently controlled according to the wind speed and the illumination intensity without mutual interference; the first electrolytic cell group and the second electrolytic cell group electrolyze seawater from a seawater pool, and the number of the connected electrolytic cells in series and parallel connection is correspondingly configured according to the output power and the output voltage range of the wind generating set and the photovoltaic cell group; the first electrolytic cell group and the second electrolytic cell group respectively comprise a plurality of electrolytic cells, the number n of the first electrolytic cell group is determined according to the rated output power and the rated output voltage of the wind generating set, the number m of the second electrolytic cell group is determined according to the rated output power and the rated output voltage of the photovoltaic cell group, the seawater electrolysis process is that under the action of a catalyst and direct current, water molecules lose electrons at the positive pole and are decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen ions, and the hydrogen ions reach the negative pole through an electrolyte and a diaphragm and are combined with the electrons to generate hydrogen. Because the seawater contains impurities such as salt and the like, chlorine gas can be generated in the electrolytic process, the chlorine gas has strong toxicity, and the generation of the chlorine gas can be avoided by using manganese, manganese oxide and manganese oxide compounds as electrodes; the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is adopted, the generated hydrogen is compressed by a compressor and then stored in the hydrogen storage tanks, the number of the hydrogen storage tanks is determined according to the actual needs of the system, and the stable output of the hydrogen on the whole can be basically ensured due to the certain complementarity of wind and light.
The fuel cell power generation system includes a fuel cell stack, a reaction water container, a cooling system, a storage battery, and the like. The fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell commonly used on ships; the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through a corresponding pipeline to convey hydrogen for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the hydrogen is used as a reducing agent for combustion reaction; the positive pole of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with an air compressor, and directly absorbs air from the outside, and oxygen in the air is used as an oxidant of combustion reaction; the hydrogen and air enter the fuel cell through the humidifier, and the moisture is used for ensuring the conductivity of the proton exchange membrane. Hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the air under the action of a catalyst to generate electric energy which is directly transmitted to a direct current power grid; the product of the fuel cell is water, stored in a water container and then can be returned to the seawater pool for recycling; the cooling system adopts water cooling, deionized cooling water is introduced into the fuel cell through a circulating water pump, and after waste heat of the cell is absorbed, the deionized cooling water enters the water tank and exchanges heat with the heat exchanger, and then the deionized cooling water continues to circulate through the water pump. The working temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is about 80 ℃ generally, and the cooling system is used for maintaining the normal working temperature of the fuel cell; the fuel battery pack and the storage battery pack have the same voltage grade and are directly subjected to direct current networking to supply power for power loads. The storage battery pack is also used as an energy storage device of the fuel battery pack, so that the stability and the reliability of power supply are ensured.
The storage battery of the system adopts a constant-voltage charging and discharging mode, so the control method considered by the hydrogen production system is as follows: the generated electricity meets the requirement of seawater electrolysis as much as possible under the stable operation state of the wind generating set and the photovoltaic battery pack.
Under the condition that the wind speed is between the starting wind speed and the cut-out wind speed, when the wind speed is higher than the starting wind speed and lower than the rated wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is smaller than the rated power, at the moment, the controller 1 controls the electrolytic cell control switch 1 to be closed, the storage battery control switch 2 is opened, and the corresponding number of electrolytic cells are started according to the calculated value of the current power to enable the electrolytic cells to meet the electrolytic power. Generally, the wind power generation system is not allowed to be used on the grid between the starting wind speed and the cut-in wind speed, but the utilization effect of the new energy is improved.
When the wind speed reaches the rated wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is the rated power, then the controller 1 controls the electrolytic cell control switch 1 to be closed, the storage battery control switch 2 is switched off, all electrolytic cells are started, and the output electric energy is supplied to the electrolytic cells to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.
When the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed and lower than the cut-out wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is higher than the rated power, the controller 1 controls the electrolytic cell control switch 1 and the storage battery control switch 2 to be simultaneously closed, the output voltage meets the charging voltage of the storage battery by controlling the AC/DC converter, and redundant electric energy is used for charging the storage battery.
In the same way, under the condition that the photovoltaic cell receives effective illumination, when the illumination intensity is lower than the rated value, the output power of the photovoltaic cell group is lower than the rated power, at the moment, the controller 2 controls the electrolytic cell control switch 3 to be closed, the storage battery control switch 4 to be opened, and the corresponding number of electrolytic cells are started according to the calculated value of the current power to enable the electrolytic cells to meet the electrolytic power.
When the illumination intensity reaches a rated value, the photovoltaic battery pack outputs rated power, the controller 2 controls the electrolytic cell control switch 3 to be closed, the storage battery control switch 4 to be disconnected, all electrolytic cells are started, and the output electric energy is supplied to the electrolytic cells to electrolyze water to prepare hydrogen.
When the illumination intensity is higher than the rated value, the output power of the photovoltaic battery pack is higher than the rated power, the controller 2 controls the electrolytic cell control switch 3 and the storage battery control switch 4 to be simultaneously closed, the output voltage meets the charging voltage of the storage battery by controlling the DC/DC converter, and redundant electric energy is used for charging the storage battery.
In addition, according to the electric quantity required by the ship load, the control method of the fuel cell power generation system considering power supply comprises the following steps:
when the electric energy generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack meets the requirement of ship load operation, the fuel cell stack independently supplies power for the system.
When the electric energy generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is higher than the electric energy required by the ship load operation, if the load change is short-time change, such as the stop of a second type load and a third type load in a three-type load method, the fuel cell stack not only supplies power for a system, but also charges a storage battery by redundant electric energy; if the load change is a long-term change, such as the first-class load is stopped in the three-class load method, the supply amount of fuel is reduced, the power generation amount of the fuel cell is reduced, and redundant hydrogen is stored.
When the electric energy generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is lower than the requirement of ship load operation, if the change of the load is short-time change, such as the use of a second type load and a third type load in a three-type load method, the fuel cell stack and the storage battery jointly supply power to the system; if the change of the load is long-term change, such as the use of the first type load in the three-type load method, the supply quantity of the fuel is increased, and the power generation quantity of the fuel cell is improved; if the load needs to exceed the rated power of the fuel cell, the fuel cell stack and the storage battery jointly supply power to the system.
By adopting the ship direct-current networking system structure based on the fuel cell, wind energy and solar energy are fully utilized to generate power to be supplied to the electrolytic cell, and the hydrogen can be basically and uninterruptedly electrolyzed. However, due to the randomness of wind energy and solar energy, in order to further increase the reliability of the system, the control method under the extreme condition is considered as follows: when neither wind power generation nor photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to electrolyze water, the remaining hydrogen is used to supply power to the fuel cell and the system together with the storage battery. When the rest hydrogen is exhausted and the storage battery is completely discharged, the emergency diesel generator set supplies power to the primary load of the system.
The power load, namely the electric equipment of the ship power system, mainly comprises various electric dragging mechanical equipment, lighting equipment, communication navigation equipment and living and other electric equipment; in which an alternating current load, such as a ship propulsion motor, is connected directly to a direct current network via an AC/DC converter. Other alternating current loads, such as alternating current motor loads, lighting equipment, alternating current conduction equipment, living and other electric equipment and the like, are respectively connected to an alternating current distribution network through transformers according to different voltage grades, and the number of the transformers depends on the number of the alternating current voltage grades; direct current loads, such as direct current motor loads, direct current conduction equipment, emergency lighting equipment, living and other electric equipment and the like, are also respectively connected to a direct current power grid through DC/DC converters according to different voltage grades, and the number of the DC/DC converters depends on the number of the direct current voltage grades; the emergency diesel generator set is connected to the alternating current power distribution network, relative independence is kept between the emergency diesel generator set and the main system, and when the main system breaks down, an emergency power supply is provided for a first-level load of the ship. Meanwhile, the power is supplied to a normal ship power system when necessary, so that the continuity of power supply is ensured.
The arrangement mode of the fuel cell power generation system on the ship comprises a wind generating set 1, a photovoltaic battery pack 2, a photovoltaic panel bracket 3, an electrolytic cell 4, a hydrogen storage tank 5, a fuel cell pack 6, a cooling system 7, a reaction water container 8, a seawater pool 9, a hydrogen compressor 10 and an air compressor 11, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. The basic structure of the ship body is shown in fig. 2, on the basis of not considering the specific distribution of mechanical equipment and other cabins on a deck, a photovoltaic cell panel 2 is flatly paved and fixed on the deck surface of a ship through a photovoltaic panel bracket 3, a certain gap is reserved between the photovoltaic cell panel 2 and the deck by adopting horizontal arrangement, and the photovoltaic cell panel is paved to the greatest extent according to the surface area of the deck of the ship to obtain solar energy as much as possible; the wind generating sets 1 are located in the center of the ship body and symmetrically distributed, so that the shielding of towers of the wind generating sets and wind wheel blades of the wind generating sets on the photovoltaic panel can be reduced to the greatest extent no matter how the ship is in the course. The arrangement mode can also reduce the influence of the wind generating set and the tower on the stability of the ship to the maximum extent and ensure the stable operation of the ship; as shown in fig. 3, the other components except the wind generating set 1 and the photovoltaic cell set are located in a separate cabin arranged in the cabin and are deviated to the stern side, so as to supply power to the ship propulsion system; the electrolytic cell 4 in the fuel cell power generation system is positioned near the center of the ship, so that electric energy output by wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation can be conveniently collected. The hydrogen storage tank 5 is positioned on the middle longitudinal line of the ship, and an additional keel is arranged on the bottom plate of the ship and fixed on the bottom plate of the ship, and a certain distance is kept between the additional keel and any position of a hull plate of the ship. The hydrogen storage tank 5 is arranged between the electrolytic cell 4 and the fuel cell stack 6, and is convenient for connection with the electrolytic cell 4 and the fuel cell stack 6 and fuel transmission. The seawater pool 9 and the reaction water container 8 are arranged on the same side, so that water is conveniently conveyed. The air compressor 11 and the hydrogen compressor 10 are on the same side to facilitate gas transfer. A cooling system 7 is provided immediately adjacent to the fuel cell stack 6 to maintain the normal operating temperature of the fuel cell stack 6. The electrolytic cell 4, the hydrogen storage tank 5, the fuel cell stack 6, the hydrogen compressor 10 and the air compressor 11 are connected through corresponding gas transmission pipelines. The fuel cell stack 6, the cooling system 7, the reaction water container 8 and the seawater pool 9 are connected through corresponding liquid transmission pipelines. According to the actual hull structure of the applied ship, the corresponding arrangement is carried out according to the principle, and the rest electric appliance connecting devices are arranged according to the conventional arrangement rule.
The specific implementation mode of the invention also comprises:
a ship direct-current networking system based on fuel cells is mainly divided into a hydrogen production system, a fuel cell power generation system and a power load, and comprises a wind generating set, a photovoltaic cell pack, a fuel cell pack, an electrolytic cell, a storage battery pack, power utilization equipment and the like, as shown in figure 1. One part of the electric energy generated by the wind driven generator is output to the storage battery through the AC/DC converter and the storage battery control switch 2, and the other part of the electric energy is output to the electrolytic cell through the AC/DC converter and the electrolytic cell control switch 1; one part of electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell is output to the storage battery through the DC/DC converter and the storage battery control switch 4, and the other part of electric energy is directly output to the electrolytic cell through the electrolytic cell control switch 3; the controller 1 is connected with a storage battery control switch 2 and an electrolytic cell control switch 1 on the wind power side; the controller 2 is connected with a storage battery control switch 4 and an electrolytic cell control switch 3 on the photoelectric side. The electrolytic cell electrolyzes seawater from the seawater pool, the number of the electrolytic cells connected in series and in parallel is correspondingly configured according to the output power and the output voltage range of the wind generating set and the photovoltaic battery pack, and hydrogen generated by electrolysis is compressed by the compressor and then stored in the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen storage tank is connected with the fuel cell stack and provides hydrogen for the fuel cell stack; the fuel cell group is used as a main power device of the ship, and the storage battery group is used as an auxiliary power supply device to form a ship direct current network with the fuel cell group and jointly supply power for the power load of the ship. The storage battery pack is also used as an energy storage device of the fuel battery pack, so that the stability and the reliability of power supply are ensured. The emergency diesel generator set is connected to the alternating current power distribution network, keeps relative independence with a main system, and provides an emergency power supply for a first-level load of a ship.
The fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the fuel is hydrogen and oxygen.
The control method mainly comprises two parts.
1. Control method of hydrogen production system
Because the main power of the ship power system is from the fuel cell pack, the electricity generated by the wind generating set and the photovoltaic cell pack meets the requirement of seawater electrolysis as much as possible.
When the wind speed or the illumination intensity is lower than the rated value range, the output power of the wind power generation or the photovoltaic power generation is far lower than the rated power, the output voltage is also very low, the water electrolysis is only carried out on the water, and the corresponding number of electrolytic cells are started according to the calculated value of the current power. At the moment, the electric energy quality is not high, so that the common new energy power generation system is not allowed to be used in a grid-connected mode. For example, at this time, the wind turbine generator system is in a starting area (generally, the wind speed is between the starting wind speed and the cut-in wind speed), the wind turbine generator system is already started, the grid-connected requirement is not met for the grid-connected wind turbine generator system at this time, the generated electric energy is not utilized, but the low-voltage alternating current output by the wind turbine generator system is allowed to be converted into direct current through the AC/DC converter to supply power to a corresponding number of electrolytic cells. Therefore, the electric energy generated by the wind generating set under the condition is utilized, and the utilization effect of the new energy is improved.
When the wind speed or the illumination intensity is within the rated value range, the output power of the wind power generation or the photovoltaic power generation is within the rated power range, and all the electrolytic cells are started to electrolyze water. This is because the number of all the electrolytic cells in the system is calculated according to the rated power of the wind generating set and the photovoltaic power generation output.
When the wind speed or the illumination intensity is higher than the rated value range, the output power of the wind power generation or the photovoltaic power generation is larger than the rated power. The output voltage meets the charging voltage of the storage battery by controlling the AC/DC converter or the DC/DC converter, the storage battery is charged while water is electrolyzed, and redundant electric energy is stored in the storage battery. The wind generating set is prevented from stopping running when the wind speed reaches or exceeds the limit power under the condition of extremely high wind speed, and the condition of wind abandon is prevented. Because the redundant electric energy is stored in the storage battery only when the output power of the wind generating set or the photovoltaic power generation is greater than the rated power, the storage battery needed by the system is less, and the space position of the ship is saved.
2. Control method for fuel cell power generation system
When the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack meets the requirement of the ship load operation, the fuel cell stack independently supplies power to the system.
When the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is higher than the electric energy required by the ship load operation, if the change of the load is short-time change, such as the stop of the second type and the third type of loads in the three-type load method, the fuel cell stack not only supplies power for the system, but also charges the storage battery by the redundant electric energy; if the load change is a long-term change, such as the first-class load is stopped in the three-class load method, the supply amount of fuel is reduced, the power generation amount of the fuel cell is reduced, and redundant hydrogen is stored.
When the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is lower than the requirement of the ship load operation, if the change of the load is short-time change, such as the use of a second type load and a third type load in a three-type load method, the fuel cell stack and the storage battery jointly supply power to the system; if the change of the load is long-term change, such as the use of the first type load in the three-type load method, the supply quantity of the fuel is increased, and the power generation quantity of the fuel cell is improved; if the load needs to exceed the rated power of the fuel cell, the fuel cell stack and the storage battery jointly supply power to the system.
Due to the adoption of the ship direct-current networking system structure based on the fuel cell, wind energy and solar energy are fully utilized to generate power to be supplied to the electrolytic cell, and hydrogen can be continuously electrolyzed. To further increase the reliability of the system, we present the control method in the extreme case: when neither wind power generation nor photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to electrolyze water, the remaining hydrogen is used to supply power to the fuel cell and the system together with the storage battery. When the rest hydrogen is exhausted and the storage battery is completely discharged, the emergency diesel generator set supplies power to the primary load of the system.

Claims (5)

1. A ship direct current networking system adopting fuel cells is characterized in that: comprises a hydrogen production part and a fuel cell power generation part; the hydrogen production part comprises a wind generating set, a photovoltaic battery pack, a seawater pool, an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen compressor; the fuel cell power generation part comprises a fuel cell pack, a reaction water container, a cooling system and a storage battery pack; the wind generating set is connected to the storage battery through the AC/DC converter and the second storage battery control switch, and is connected to the first electrolytic cell group through the AC/DC converter and the first electrolytic cell control switch; the photovoltaic battery pack is connected to the storage battery through the DC/DC converter and the storage battery control switch IV, and is directly connected to the electrolytic battery pack II through the electrolytic cell control switch III; the controller is connected with a storage battery control switch II and an electrolytic cell control switch I on the wind power side; the second controller is connected with a fourth storage battery control switch and a third electrolytic cell control switch on the photoelectric side; the first controller and the second controller are respectively and independently connected with a switch according to the wind speed and the illumination intensity; the first electrolytic cell group and the second electrolytic cell group electrolyze seawater from a seawater pool to generate hydrogen, the first electrolytic cell group and the second electrolytic cell group respectively comprise a plurality of electrolytic cells, the number of the first electrolytic cell group is determined according to the rated output power and the rated output voltage of the wind generating set, and the number of the second electrolytic cell group is determined according to the rated output power and the rated output voltage of the photovoltaic cell group; the hydrogen is compressed by a hydrogen compressor and then stored in a hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell through a pipeline and used for conveying hydrogen which is used as a reducing agent for combustion reaction; the anode of the fuel cell is connected with an air compressor, and directly absorbs air from the outside, and oxygen in the air is used as an oxidant for combustion reaction; hydrogen and air enter the fuel cell through the humidifier; hydrogen and oxygen react under the action of a catalyst to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is directly transmitted to a direct current power grid; water generated by the fuel cell is stored in the reaction water container and then returned to the seawater pool for recycling; the cooling system adopts water cooling, deionized cooling water is introduced into the fuel cell through a circulating water pump, and after waste heat of the cell is absorbed, the deionized cooling water enters the water tank and exchanges heat with the heat exchanger, and then the deionized cooling water continues to circulate through the circulating water pump; the fuel battery pack and the storage battery pack have the same voltage grade and directly carry out direct current networking to supply power for the power load part; the battery pack is also an energy storage device for the fuel cell stack.
When the wind speed is higher than the starting wind speed and lower than the rated wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is lower than the rated power, the first controller controls the first electrolytic cell control switch to be closed and controls the second storage battery control switch to be opened, and the corresponding number of electrolytic cells are started according to the calculated value of the current output power of the wind generating set to meet the electrolytic power;
when the wind speed reaches the rated wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is the rated power, the first controller controls the first electrolytic cell control switch to be closed and controls the second storage battery control switch to be disconnected, all electrolytic cells are started, and the output electric energy is supplied to the electrolytic cells to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen;
when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed and lower than the cut-out wind speed, the output power of the wind generating set is higher than the rated power, the first controller controls the first electrolytic cell control switch and the second storage battery control switch to be simultaneously closed, all electrolytic cells are started, the output voltage meets the charging voltage of the storage batteries by controlling the AC/DC converter, and redundant electric energy is used for charging the storage batteries;
under the condition that the photovoltaic battery pack receives effective illumination, when the illumination intensity is lower than a rated value, the output power of the photovoltaic battery pack is lower than the rated power, the second controller controls the third electrolytic cell control switch to be closed and controls the fourth storage battery control switch to be opened, and the corresponding number of electrolytic cells are started according to the calculated value of the current output power of the photovoltaic battery pack to enable the electrolytic cells to meet the electrolytic power;
when the illumination intensity reaches a rated value, the photovoltaic battery pack outputs rated power, the second controller controls the third electrolytic cell control switch to be closed and controls the fourth storage battery control switch to be disconnected, all electrolytic cells are started, and the output electric energy is supplied to the electrolytic cells to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen;
when the illumination intensity is higher than a rated value, the output power of the photovoltaic battery pack is higher than the rated power, the second controller controls the third electrolytic cell control switch and the fourth storage battery control switch to be simultaneously closed, all the battery packs are started, the output voltage meets the charging voltage of the storage batteries by controlling the DC/DC converter, and redundant electric energy is used for charging the storage batteries;
when the electric energy generated by the fuel cell set meets the requirement of ship load operation, the fuel cell set independently supplies power to the system;
when the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is higher than the electric energy required by the ship load operation, if the load change is short-time change, the fuel cell stack not only supplies power for the system, but also charges the storage battery with redundant electric energy; if the change of the load is long-term change, the supply quantity of the fuel is reduced, the power generation quantity of the fuel cell is reduced, and redundant hydrogen is stored;
when the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is lower than the requirement of the ship load operation, if the load change is short-time change, the fuel cell stack and the storage battery jointly supply power to the system; if the change of the load is long-term change, the supply quantity of the fuel is increased, and the power generation quantity of the fuel cell is improved; if the load needs to exceed the rated power of the fuel cell, the fuel cell group and the storage battery jointly supply power to the system;
when wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation are insufficient to electrolyze water, the residual hydrogen is used for supplying power to the fuel cell and supplying power to the system together with the storage battery.
2. The direct-current networking system for ships using fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein: the emergency diesel generator set is connected to an alternating current power distribution network, and when the fuel cell pack and the storage battery pack cannot meet the requirement of power supply, the emergency diesel generator set supplies power to a first-level load of a system.
3. The direct-current networking system for ships using fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein: the fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
4. The direct-current networking system for ships using fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein: the storage battery pack adopts a constant-voltage charging and discharging mode.
5. A ship using the fuel cell ship DC networking system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the photovoltaic battery pack is flatly paved and fixed on the surface of a deck of a ship through a photovoltaic panel support, the photovoltaic battery pack is horizontally arranged, a gap is reserved between the photovoltaic battery pack and the deck, and a photovoltaic battery panel is paved to the greatest extent according to the surface area of the deck of the ship; the wind generating sets are positioned in the center of the ship body and are symmetrically distributed; the ship direct-current networking system is characterized in that other components except the wind generating set 1 and the photovoltaic battery pack are all positioned in an independent cabin arranged in the cabin: the electrolytic cell is positioned in the center of the ship; the hydrogen storage tank is positioned on the middle longitudinal line of the ship and keeps a distance with any position of a hull plate of the ship body; the hydrogen storage tank is arranged between the electrolytic cell and the fuel cell stack; the seawater pool and the reaction water container are arranged on the same side; the air compressor and the hydrogen compressor are arranged on the same side; the cooling system is closely arranged beside the fuel cell group, and the electrolytic cell, the hydrogen storage tank, the fuel cell group, the hydrogen compressor and the air compressor are connected through corresponding gas transmission pipelines; the fuel cell group, the cooling system, the reaction water container and the seawater pool are connected through corresponding liquid transmission pipelines.
CN201910914501.3A 2019-09-26 2019-09-26 Ship direct-current networking system adopting fuel cell and ship applying same Pending CN110654520A (en)

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