CN114050659A - Microminiature composite energy device - Google Patents
Microminiature composite energy device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114050659A CN114050659A CN202111355154.9A CN202111355154A CN114050659A CN 114050659 A CN114050659 A CN 114050659A CN 202111355154 A CN202111355154 A CN 202111355154A CN 114050659 A CN114050659 A CN 114050659A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
- H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a micro-miniature composite energy device, which comprises a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell, an energy storage module and an energy management module, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected to the energy storage module and the energy management module; the energy storage module stores electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell; the energy management module comprises a control circuit board and an external power supply connector on the control circuit board and is used for managing the charging and discharging rules of the energy storage module and supplying power to the outside; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated in one structural box body, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are both arranged above the structural box body, the photovoltaic cell is nested outside the fuel cell, and a certain gap is formed between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell. The composite energy device realizes structural integration, effectively utilizes all the space in the outer envelope surface of the device, and greatly improves the equivalent energy density of the device; the system architecture is very simplified, and the reliability of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite energy, in particular to a microminiature composite energy device and an integration method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of information technology and MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems), unmanned miniaturized devices represented by wireless sensor networks are widely used in military, disaster relief, environment, and other fields. Most of the unattended equipment is placed in a field environment, and part of the equipment has high requirements on concealment, so that the equipment needs to improve integration density as much as possible, reduce volume and weight, and realize continuous, stable and high-reliability autonomous energy supply within a working period of months. For such unattended miniaturized devices, the volume of the energy supply unit is usually the largest in the whole system, so that it is important to improve the integration density of the energy supply unit and the stability and life of the energy supply.
Most of the existing research on micro-miniature energy devices focuses on a composite energy architecture and energy management strategy and method. Patent CN 107895997 discloses an energy system and power management system composed of fuel cell, lithium battery, super capacitor, vibration energy collector and solar cell; patent CN 109617210 discloses a composite micro-energy system suitable for small loads and composed of an environmental energy collection module, an energy management module and an energy storage module, and an energy management method thereof, but none of them relates to a specific method and implementation means for micro-integration of devices, and patent papers in this direction are relatively rare at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-density integrated micro composite energy device, and aims to provide a physical integration method and a specific implementation means of a novel micro composite energy system device, improve the space utilization rate, equivalent energy density and reliability of the device, reduce the volume and weight of the device, meet the energy supply requirements of unattended small equipment, achieve continuous, stable and high-reliability autonomous energy supply within a working period of months, and avoid the need of personnel to supplement or replace fuel for the energy device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a microminiature composite energy device comprises a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell, an energy storage module and an energy management module, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected to the energy storage module and the energy management module; the energy storage module stores electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell; the energy management module comprises a control circuit board and an external power supply connector on the control circuit board, and is used for controlling the on-off of the fuel cell reaction loop, managing the charging and discharging rules of the energy storage module and supplying power to the outside; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated in one structural box body, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are both arranged above the structural box body, the photovoltaic cell is nested outside the fuel cell, and a certain gap is formed between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell.
Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell comprises a structural shell, a photovoltaic cell panel, a first three-dimensional conformal circuit and a first elastic connector, the photovoltaic cell panel is laid on the outer surface of the structural shell in the largest area, the three-dimensional conformal circuit is arranged on the surface of the structural shell, electric connection among the photovoltaic cell panels is achieved, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell are connected to the first elastic connector through the first three-dimensional conformal circuit.
Furthermore, the fuel cell comprises a fuel tank, a reaction membrane, a separated reaction electrode, a second three-dimensional conformal circuit and a second elastic connector, wherein the reaction membrane and the separated reaction electrode are sequentially arranged on the surface of the fuel tank from inside to outside, and the surface of the fuel tank and the separated reaction electrode are provided with small holes which are in one-to-one correspondence and used for conveying fuel and air to the reaction membrane; the second three-dimensional conformal circuit is arranged on the surface of the fuel tank and forms a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the fuel cell with the separated reaction electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively connected to the second elastic connector.
Further, the energy storage module is composed of one or combination of a lithium battery and a super capacitor.
Further, the first three-dimensional conformal circuit and the second three-dimensional conformal circuit are both circuits conformally arranged on the surface of the structure, are used for transmitting charges and serving as reaction electrodes in a fuel cell, and are prepared on a non-metal structure through a laser micro-cladding process or prepared on a metal structure through a medium curing and laser micro-cladding process.
Furthermore, the structural shell is hemispherical, prismatic or truncated pyramid-shaped, and when the structural shell is hemispherical, the photovoltaic cell panel is a flexible photovoltaic cell panel; when the appearance of the structural shell is prismatic or frustum pyramid-shaped, the photovoltaic cell panel is a rigid photovoltaic cell panel.
Furthermore, a welding pad is arranged on the front side of a control circuit board in the energy control module, and a first elastic connector and a second elastic connector of the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected with the welding pad in a crimping mode; the energy storage module is interconnected with the welding disc in a welding mode.
Furthermore, the bottom of the structure box body is provided with a heat dissipation boss for controlling the heat dissipation of the heating device on the back of the circuit board.
Furthermore, the structure box body is provided with a concave structure at the periphery for air circulation to a gap between the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell.
Furthermore, the bottoms of the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are both provided with sealing gaskets.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows: the invention creatively adopts the idea of integrating structural functions, and changes the three-dimensional configuration and the electrical connection mode of the microminiature composite energy device by using a novel process method and a device form based on a three-dimensional conformal circuit and an elastic connector.
The fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are nested inside and outside according to different space occupation characteristics of the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell, so that the area maximization of a photovoltaic cell panel in the photovoltaic cell and the volume maximization of a fuel tank in the fuel cell are realized, the power generation capacity of a key energy supply unit in a limited space is improved, and a gap left by the nesting of the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell is just used as a reaction zone of the fuel cell; the energy storage module and the energy management module are structurally integrated. Under the integrated framework, all the space in the outer envelope surface of the device is effectively utilized, and the equivalent energy density of the device is greatly improved; the system architecture is very simplified, and the reliability of the system is improved.
In addition, the three-dimensional conformal circuit can change the original pure structural component of the device into a structural function integrated component under the condition of hardly occupying extra space, so that the electrical functions of replacing the traditional cable, serving as a reaction electrode and the like are realized; the elastic connector can replace a plug-in type electric connector in a traditional energy source device to realize the electric interconnection between the modules under the condition of smaller space occupation. The integration density and the reliability of the device are further improved by matching the two.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a micro-miniature hybrid energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-miniature composite energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a micro-miniature hybrid energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a photovoltaic cell in a micro-miniature hybrid energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a fuel cell in a micro-miniature hybrid energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of an energy storage module and an energy management module in the micro-miniature composite energy device according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-photovoltaic cell, 2-fuel cell, 3-energy storage module, 4-energy management module,
11-structural casing, 12-photovoltaic panel-, 13-first three-dimensional conformal circuit, 14-first elastic connector, 15-first sealing gasket, 21-fuel tank, 22-fuel, 23-reaction film, 24-separated reaction electrode, 25-second three-dimensional conformal circuit, 26-second elastic connector, 27-second sealing gasket, 31-lithium battery, 32-super capacitor, 41-control circuit board, 42-external power supply connector, 43-structural box body,
111-structural shell trapezoidal outer side, 112-structural shell top, 113-structural shell bottom, 114-first metallized interconnect hole, 121-trapezoidal photovoltaic cell panel, 122-hexagonal photovoltaic cell panel, 123-first interconnect, 131-first pad, 211-fuel tank trapezoidal outer side, 212-fuel tank top, 213-fuel tank bottom, 214-second metallized interconnect hole, 215-liquid injection hole, 216-first penetrating pore, 231-trapezoidal reaction film, 232-hexagonal reaction film, 241-trapezoidal separated reaction electrode, 242-hexagonal separated reaction electrode, 243-second penetrating pore, 244-second interconnect, 251-large area three-dimensional conformal circuit, 252-second pad, 311-lithium battery pin, 321-supercapacitor pins, 411 control circuit board front side, 412-control circuit board back side, 413-third bonding pad, 431-heat dissipation boss and 432-concave structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to improve the space utilization rate, equivalent energy density and reliability of the device and reduce the volume and weight of the device, the energy supply requirement of unattended miniature equipment is met, continuous, stable and highly reliable autonomous energy supply is achieved within a working period of months, and personnel are not needed to supplement or replace fuel for an energy device. The invention provides a micro composite energy device, which comprises a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell, an energy storage module and an energy management module, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected to the energy storage module and the energy management module; the energy storage module stores electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell; the energy management module comprises a control circuit board and an external power supply connector on the control circuit board, and is used for controlling the on-off of a fuel cell reaction loop, managing the charging and discharging rules of the energy storage module, adjusting a power supply scheme according to the power utilization condition of a load and the like, so that the stability and the economical efficiency of the energy supply of the device and the external power supply are guaranteed; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated in one structural box body, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are both arranged above the structural box body, the photovoltaic cell is nested outside the fuel cell, and a certain gap is formed between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell.
The photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are energy supply parts of the whole composite energy device and respectively convert solar energy and chemical energy into electric energy, the photovoltaic cell can continuously work in a longer life cycle, but is influenced by ambient illumination, and the energy supply has the characteristics of periodicity and instability; the fuel cell is used as an important supplement of the photovoltaic cell, the electric energy can be continuously and stably output under the condition that the energy supply of the photovoltaic cell is limited, the service life of the energy device can be prolonged by matching the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell, and the requirement that personnel intervention is not needed in a working period of months is met.
The photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are connected with the energy storage module and the energy management module through the elastic connector, the elastic connector is a contact type interconnected electric connector, electric charge conduction can be achieved under appropriate compression amount and contact pressure, and compared with a traditional plug-in type electric connector, the elastic connector is simple in structure, flexible to use, smaller in occupied space and capable of achieving electric communication between modules in a narrow space.
Specifically, the shape of the composite energy device can be hemispherical, prismatic or truncated pyramid-shaped, the device is mainly divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is an energy supply part, wherein the photovoltaic cell is positioned at the outer side, and the fuel cell is positioned at the inner side; the lower part is an energy storage module and an energy management module, and the shape of the composite energy device shown in figures 1 and 2 is a frustum pyramid. When the device is in a hemispherical shape, the photovoltaic cell adopts a flexible photovoltaic cell panel; when the device is in a prismatic or truncated pyramid shape, the photovoltaic cell adopts a rigid photovoltaic cell panel.
In the present embodiment, a composite energy device having a regular hexagonal frustum shape, in which the outer dimensions are as follows, will be described as an example: about 85mm × 100mm × 70mm (length × width × height).
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, the photovoltaic cell 1 is located outside the energy supply part of the device, and is composed of a structural casing 11, a photovoltaic panel 12, a first three-dimensional conformal circuit 13, a first elastic connector 14 and a first gasket 15; the structural shell 11 in the shape of a regular hexagonal frustum pyramid is formed by machining polyimide, the interior of the structural shell is hollow, and only the bottom of the structural shell is provided with an opening; the photovoltaic cell panel 12 is paved on the outer surface of the structural shell 11 in the largest area, so that effective irradiation and energy supply can be realized along with the change of the sunlight direction and angle; in this embodiment, six trapezoidal photovoltaic panels 121 are arranged on six trapezoidal outer sides of the structural shell 11 and one hexagonal photovoltaic panel 122 is arranged on the top side of the structural shell 11. The first three-dimensional conformal circuit 13 is formed by a laser micro-cladding process and is disposed on the structural shell 11, and the first elastic connector 14 and the first gasket 15 are respectively welded and bonded at corresponding positions on the bottom 113 of the structural shell. The first interconnector 123 on the photovoltaic panel 12 is soldered on the corresponding first pad 131 of the three-dimensional conformal circuit 13; the first three-dimensional conformal circuit 13 connects seven photovoltaic panels 12 in parallel and finally communicates with the first elastomeric connector 14 through a first metallized interconnect hole 114 through the structural shell 11.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the fuel cell 2 is located inside the functional part of the device, and a gap of 2mm exists between the outer surface of the fuel cell 2 and the inner surface of the photovoltaic cell 1, and is composed of a fuel tank 21, a reaction film 23, a separated reaction electrode 24, a second three-dimensional conformal circuit, a second elastic connector, and a second gasket. The fuel tank 21 is formed by 3D printing of polyimide, has the same shape as the structural shell 11 of the photovoltaic cell 1, is a regular hexagonal frustum, and has a size slightly smaller than that of the structural shell 11, so that the fuel tank can be nested in the structural shell 11; the fuel tank 21 is provided with a filler hole 215, and the fuel 22 is filled into the fuel tank 21 through the filler hole 215 in the fuel tank. The reaction film 23 and the separated reaction electrode 24 are laminated on the outer surface of the fuel tank 21 at one time from inside to outside through a lamination process, wherein six trapezoidal reaction films 231 and trapezoidal separated reaction electrodes 241 are correspondingly arranged on the trapezoidal outer side surface 211 of the fuel tank, and a hexagonal reaction film 232 and a separated reaction electrode 242 are arranged on the top surface 212 of the fuel tank.
The reaction membrane 231 is the generating position for converting chemical energy into electric energy, mainly performs chemical reaction discharge between air and fuel, in order to realize the contact of the above reactants, the separated reaction electrode 24 is provided with a plurality of first penetrating pores 243, the corresponding position of the fuel tank 21 is also provided with a plurality of penetrating pores 216, the separated reaction electrode 24 and the pores on the fuel tank 21 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the pores penetrate the separated reaction electrode 24 and the shell of the fuel tank 21, so that the external air and the fuel in the fuel tank can reach the reaction membrane through the pores to generate reaction. In the present embodiment, the diameter of the penetrating pores in the fuel tank 21 and the separated reaction electrode 24 is 2mm and the pitch is 3 mm.
The reaction membrane 231 is a gas permeable, liquid impermeable material that does not cause fuel to leak out of the reaction membrane. The surface with the reaction membrane and the separated reaction electrode is called as a reaction surface, and the number and the area of the reaction surface can be correspondingly adjusted according to the power consumption requirement of the load.
The second three-dimensional conformal circuit 25 is processed by a laser micro-cladding process, is arranged on the shell of the fuel tank 21, and is provided with a large-area three-dimensional conformal circuit 251 serving as a reaction electrode in seven reaction surface areas; the second elastomeric connector 26 and the second gasket 27 are soldered and bonded, respectively, to a second pad 252 of a second three-dimensional conformal circuit 25, to which a second interconnect strip 244 of the split-type reactive electrode 24 is soldered and bonded at a corresponding location on the fuel tank bottom 213, the second three-dimensional conformal circuit 25 connecting the seven reactive surfaces in series and ultimately communicating with the second elastomeric connector 26 through a second metallized interconnect hole 214 through the fuel tank housing 21.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional conformal circuit is a circuit form conformally disposed on the surface of the structure, and can be specifically prepared on a non-metal structure through a laser micro-cladding process, or prepared on a metal structure through a "dielectric solidification + laser micro-cladding process", and has a function of transferring charges, and can replace a conventional cable to realize electrical communication between each photovoltaic cell panel in the photovoltaic cell and each reaction surface in the fuel cell. The three-dimensional conformal circuitry in the fuel cell also serves as the reactive electrode, which together with the reactive membrane and the separate reactive electrode form the power generating structure of the fuel cell. The application of the three-dimensional conformal circuit changes a pure structural component in the original electronic equipment into a structural-function integrated component, changes the integrated architecture of the system, improves the space utilization rate, and can realize corresponding electrical functions under the condition of hardly occupying additional space.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 6, the energy storage module 3 and the energy management module 4 are located in the energy storage part of the device, and the two modules share a structural box 43, wherein the energy storage module comprises a lithium battery 31 and a super capacitor 32, and the two modules are designed according to the shape of the installation space. The energy management module 4 mainly comprises a control circuit board 41 and an external power supply connector 42, wherein a third pad 413 is arranged on the front surface 411 of the control circuit board, the first elastic connector 14 of the photovoltaic cell 1 and the second elastic connector 26 of the fuel cell 2 are interconnected with the third pad 413 through a compression joint mode, and the pin 311 of the lithium battery 31 and the pin 321 of the super capacitor 32 are interconnected with the third pad 413 through a welding mode. The back 412 of the control circuit board is provided with a heat generating device, and the heat generating device can dissipate heat through a heat dissipating boss 431 at the bottom of the structural box 43. The external power supply connector 42 on the control circuit board 41 is located at the edge of the circuit board and used for connecting an electrical load to realize power output. In a preferred embodiment, the structural casing 43 has concave structures 432 on six sides for air circulation to allow air to enter the gap 28 between the fuel cell 2 and the photovoltaic cell 1 to reach the respective reaction surfaces of the fuel cell 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the surfaces of the first three-dimensional conformal circuit 13 and the second three-dimensional conformal circuit 25 on the photovoltaic cell 1 and the fuel cell 2 need to be brushed with insulating protective paint to ensure that the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell work normally in a humid or rainy environment. Simultaneously, the bottoms of the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively provided with a sealing gasket so as to ensure the sealing performance of the energy storage module and the power management module and improve the environmental adaptability of the device.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed. Those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will appreciate that insubstantial changes or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Claims (10)
1. A microminiature composite energy device is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell, an energy storage module and an energy management module, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected to the energy storage module and the energy management module; the energy storage module stores electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell; the energy management module comprises a control circuit board and an external power supply connector on the control circuit board, and is used for controlling the on-off of the fuel cell reaction loop, managing the charging and discharging rules of the energy storage module and supplying power to the outside; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated in one structural box body, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are both arranged above the structural box body, the photovoltaic cell is nested outside the fuel cell, and a certain gap is formed between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell.
2. A micro-miniature composite energy device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic cell comprises a structural casing, a photovoltaic cell panel, a first three-dimensional conformal circuit and a first elastic connector, the photovoltaic cell panel is laid on the outer surface of the structural casing with the largest area, the three-dimensional conformal circuit is arranged on the surface of the structural casing to realize the electrical connection between the photovoltaic cell panels, and the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic cell are connected to the first elastic connector through the first three-dimensional conformal circuit.
3. The microminiature composite energy device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel cell comprises a fuel tank, a reaction membrane, a separated reaction electrode, a second three-dimensional conformal circuit and a second elastic connector, the reaction membrane and the separated reaction electrode are sequentially arranged on the surface of the fuel tank from inside to outside, the surface of the fuel tank and the separated reaction electrode are provided with small holes, and are in one-to-one correspondence for conveying fuel and air to the reaction membrane; the second three-dimensional conformal circuit is arranged on the surface of the fuel tank and forms a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the fuel cell with the separated reaction electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively connected to the second elastic connector.
4. The micro-miniature hybrid energy device of claim 1, wherein said energy storage module is comprised of one or a combination of a lithium battery or a super capacitor.
5. The microminiature composite energy source device according to claim 3, wherein the first three-dimensional conformal circuit and the second three-dimensional conformal circuit are fabricated on a non-metallic structure by a laser micro-cladding process, or fabricated on a metallic structure by a dielectric curing and laser micro-cladding process.
6. The microminiature composite energy device according to claim 2, wherein the structural casing is hemispherical, prismatic or truncated pyramid shaped, and when the structural casing is hemispherical, the photovoltaic cell panel is a flexible photovoltaic cell panel; when the appearance of the structural shell is prismatic or frustum pyramid-shaped, the photovoltaic cell panel is a rigid photovoltaic cell panel.
7. The microminiature composite energy device according to claim 6, wherein pads are disposed on the front surface of the control circuit board in the energy control module, and the first elastic connector and the second elastic connector of the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively interconnected with the pads by means of crimping; the energy storage module is interconnected with the welding disc in a welding mode.
8. The microminiature combined energy device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the structure case is provided with a heat dissipating boss for controlling heat dissipation of the heat generating device on the back side of the circuit board.
9. The microminiature composite energy device according to claim 1, wherein the structural box body is provided with a recessed structure at its periphery for air circulation to a gap between the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell.
10. The microminiature combined energy device according to claim 1, wherein gaskets are mounted on the bottoms of the photovoltaic cells and the fuel cells.
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