CN114050659B - Microminiature composite energy device - Google Patents
Microminiature composite energy device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114050659B CN114050659B CN202111355154.9A CN202111355154A CN114050659B CN 114050659 B CN114050659 B CN 114050659B CN 202111355154 A CN202111355154 A CN 202111355154A CN 114050659 B CN114050659 B CN 114050659B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
- H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a microminiature composite energy device, which comprises a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell, an energy storage module and an energy management module, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected to the energy storage module and the energy management module; the energy storage module stores electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell; the energy management module comprises a control circuit board and an external power supply connector on the control circuit board, and is used for managing the charging and discharging rules of the energy storage module and supplying power to the outside; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated in a structure box body, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are arranged above the structure box body, the photovoltaic cell is nested outside the fuel cell, and a certain gap is reserved between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell. The composite energy device realizes structural integration, and all the space in the outer wrapping surface of the device is effectively utilized, so that the equivalent energy density of the device is greatly improved; the system architecture is extremely simplified, and the reliability of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite energy, in particular to a microminiature composite energy device and an integration method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of information technology and MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems), unmanned miniaturized devices represented by wireless sensor networks are widely used in military, disaster relief, environment, and the like. Most of the unattended equipment is placed in a field environment, and part of the unattended equipment has high requirements on concealment, so that the equipment needs to be improved in integration density as much as possible, reduced in volume and weight, and continuous, stable and highly reliable autonomous energy supply in a working period of several months is achieved. For such unattended miniaturized devices, the volume ratio of the energy supply unit in the whole system is usually the largest, so that it is of great importance to improve the integration density of the energy supply unit and the stability and life of energy supply.
Most of the research on micro-miniature energy devices is focused on a composite energy architecture and an energy management strategy and method. Patent CN 107895997 discloses an energy system and a power management system composed of a fuel cell, a lithium battery, a super capacitor, a vibration energy collector and a solar cell; patent CN 109617210 discloses a composite micro-energy system and its energy management method, which is composed of an environmental energy collection module, an energy management module and an energy storage module and is suitable for small-sized loads, but neither relates to a specific method and implementation means for microminiature integration of devices, and at present, patent papers in this direction are rare.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a high-density integrated microminiature composite energy device, and aims to provide a novel physical integration method and a specific implementation means of the microminiature composite energy system device, so that the space utilization rate, equivalent energy density and reliability of the device are improved, the volume weight of the device is reduced, the energy supply requirement of unmanned miniature equipment is met, continuous, stable and highly reliable autonomous energy supply within a working period of a plurality of months is achieved, and no personnel are required to supplement or replace fuel to the energy device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the micro composite energy device comprises a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell, an energy storage module and an energy management module, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected to the energy storage module and the energy management module; the energy storage module stores electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell; the energy management module comprises a control circuit board and an external power supply connector on the control circuit board, and is used for controlling the on-off of the fuel cell reaction loop, managing the charge and discharge rules of the energy storage module and supplying power to the outside; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated in a structure box body, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are arranged above the structure box body, the photovoltaic cell is nested outside the fuel cell, and a certain gap is reserved between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell.
Further, the photovoltaic cell comprises a structural shell, a photovoltaic cell panel, a first three-dimensional conformal circuit and a first elastic connector, wherein the photovoltaic cell panel is paved on the outer surface of the structural shell in a largest area, the three-dimensional conformal circuit is arranged on the surface of the structural shell, electric connection among the photovoltaic cell panels is achieved, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell are connected to the first elastic connector through the first three-dimensional conformal circuit.
Further, the fuel cell comprises a fuel tank, a reaction membrane, a separated reaction electrode, a second three-dimensional conformal circuit and a second elastic connector, wherein the reaction membrane and the separated reaction electrode are sequentially arranged on the surface of the fuel tank from inside to outside, and the surface of the fuel tank and the separated reaction electrode are provided with small holes which are in one-to-one correspondence and are used for conveying fuel and air to the reaction membrane; the second three-dimensional conformal circuit is arranged on the surface of the fuel tank and the separated reaction electrode to form positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell and is respectively connected to the second elastic connector.
Further, the energy storage module is composed of one or two of a lithium battery and a super capacitor.
Further, the first three-dimensional conformal circuit and the second three-dimensional conformal circuit are circuits conformally arranged on the surface of the structure and used for transmitting charges and serving as a reaction electrode in the fuel cell, and are prepared on a nonmetal structure through a laser micro-cladding process or prepared on a metal structure through a medium curing and laser micro-cladding process.
Further, the appearance of the structural shell is hemispherical, prismatic or prismatic table, and when the appearance of the structural shell is hemispherical, the photovoltaic cell panel is a flexible photovoltaic cell panel; when the appearance of the structural shell is prismatic or prismatic table, the photovoltaic cell panel is a rigid photovoltaic cell panel.
Further, a bonding pad is arranged on the front surface of a control circuit board in the energy control module, and a first elastic connector and a second elastic connector of the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected with the bonding pad in a crimping manner; the energy storage module is interconnected with the bonding pad in a welding mode.
Further, a heat dissipation boss is arranged at the bottom of the structural box body and used for controlling heat dissipation of the heating device on the back of the circuit board.
Further, the concave structure is arranged around the structure box body and used for enabling air to circulate to a gap between the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell.
Furthermore, sealing gaskets are arranged at the bottoms of the photovoltaic cells and the fuel cells.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows: the invention creatively adopts the structural function integration thought, uses a novel process method and a device form based on a three-dimensional conformal circuit and an elastic connector, and changes the three-dimensional configuration and the electrical connection mode of the microminiature composite energy device.
According to different characteristics of the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell in space occupation, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are nested inside and outside, so that the maximization of the photovoltaic cell panel area in the photovoltaic cell and the maximization of the fuel tank volume in the fuel cell are realized, the power generation capacity of a key energy supply unit in a limited space is improved, and a gap left by nesting the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell is just used as a reaction zone of the fuel cell; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated in structure. Under the integrated architecture, the whole space in the outer envelope surface of the device is effectively utilized, so that the equivalent energy density of the device is greatly improved; the system architecture is extremely simplified, and the reliability of the system is improved.
In addition, the three-dimensional conformal circuit can change the original pure structural part in the device into a structural function integrated component under the condition of almost occupying no extra space, thereby realizing the electrical functions of replacing the traditional cable, acting as a reaction electrode and the like; the elastic connector can replace a plug-in type electric connector in a traditional energy device to realize electric interconnection among modules under the condition of smaller space occupation. The integration density and the reliability of the device are further improved by the combination of the two.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microminiature composite energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a microminiature composite energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the micro-composite energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a photovoltaic cell in a micro-miniature composite energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a fuel cell in a micro-miniature composite energy device according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of an energy storage module and an energy management module in a micro-miniature composite energy device according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-photovoltaic cell, 2-fuel cell, 3-energy storage module, 4-energy management module,
11-structural shell, 12-photovoltaic panel-, 13-first three-dimensional conformal circuit, 14-first elastic connector, 15-first sealing gasket, 21-fuel tank, 22-fuel, 23-reaction membrane, 24-separated reaction electrode, 25-second three-dimensional conformal circuit, 26-second elastic connector, 27-second sealing gasket, 31-lithium battery, 32-super capacitor, 41-control circuit board, 42-external power supply connector, 43-structural box,
111-structural shell trapezoid outer side, 112-structural shell top, 113-structural shell bottom, 114-first metallized interconnection hole, 121-trapezoid photovoltaic panel, 122-hexagonal photovoltaic panel, 123-first interconnection bar, 131-first bonding pad, 211-fuel tank trapezoid outer side, 212-fuel tank top, 213-fuel tank bottom, 214-second metallized interconnection hole, 215-liquid injection hole, 216-first penetrating aperture, 231-trapezoidal reaction film, 232-hexagonal reaction film, 241-trapezoid separated reaction electrode, 242-hexagonal separated reaction electrode, 243-second penetrating aperture, 244-second interconnection bar, 251-large area three-dimensional conformal circuit, 252-second bonding pad, 311-lithium battery pin, 321-supercapacitor pin, 411 control circuit board front, 412-control circuit board back, 413-third bonding pad, 431-heat dissipation boss, 432-concave structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to improve the space utilization rate, equivalent energy density and reliability of the device, the volume and weight of the device are reduced, so that the energy supply requirement of unmanned miniaturized equipment is met, continuous, stable and highly reliable autonomous energy supply in a working period of several months is achieved, and no personnel are required to supplement or replace fuel to the energy device. The invention provides a microminiature composite energy device, which comprises a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell, an energy storage module and an energy management module, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected to the energy storage module and the energy management module; the energy storage module stores electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell; the energy management module comprises a control circuit board and an external power supply connector on the control circuit board, and is used for controlling the on-off of the fuel cell reaction loop, managing the charging and discharging rules of the energy storage module, adjusting the power supply scheme according to the power consumption condition of the load and the like, so that the stability and the economy of energy supply of the device and external power supply are ensured; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated in a structure box body, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are arranged above the structure box body, the photovoltaic cell is nested outside the fuel cell, and a certain gap is reserved between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell.
The photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are energy supply parts of the whole composite energy device, solar energy and chemical energy are respectively converted into electric energy, the photovoltaic cell can continuously work in a longer service life period, but is influenced by environmental illumination, and the energy supply has the characteristics of periodicity and instability; the fuel cell is used as an important supplement of the photovoltaic cell, can continuously and stably output electric energy under the condition that the energy supply of the photovoltaic cell is limited, and can prolong the service life of the energy device by matching the photovoltaic cell and the electric energy device, so that the requirement of no personnel intervention in a working period of a plurality of months is met.
The photovoltaic cell is connected with the energy storage module and the energy management module through the elastic connector, the elastic connector is a contact type interconnected electric connector, charge conduction can be achieved under proper compression and contact pressure, and compared with a traditional plug-in type electric connector, the elastic connector is simple in structure, flexible to use, small in occupied space and capable of achieving electric communication between modules in a narrow space.
Specifically, the shape of the composite energy device can be hemispherical, prismatic or prismatic, the device is mainly divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is an energy supply part, a photovoltaic cell is positioned at the outer side, and a fuel cell is positioned at the inner side; the lower part is an energy storage module and an energy management module, and the composite energy device as shown in fig. 1 and 2 is in a prismatic table shape. When the appearance of the device is hemispherical, the photovoltaic cell adopts a flexible photovoltaic cell panel; when the device is prismatic or prismatic, the photovoltaic cell adopts a rigid photovoltaic cell panel.
In this embodiment, a composite energy device having a regular hexagonal frustum shape is described as an example, and the composite energy device has the following external dimensions: about 85mm×100mm×70mm (length×width×height).
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the photovoltaic cell 1 is located outside the energy supply part of the device and consists of a structural shell 11, a photovoltaic cell panel 12, a first three-dimensional conformal circuit 13, a first elastic connector 14 and a first sealing gasket 15; the regular hexagonal frustum-shaped structural shell 11 is formed by polyimide machining, is hollow and is only opened at the bottom; the photovoltaic cell panel 12 is paved on the outer surface of the structural shell 11 with the largest area so as to realize effective irradiation and energy supply along with the change of the sunlight direction and the angle; in the present embodiment, six trapezoidal photovoltaic panels 121 are arranged on six trapezoidal outer sides of the structural case 11, and one hexagonal photovoltaic panel 122 is arranged on the top surface of the structural case 11. The first three-dimensional conformal circuit 13 is processed by a laser micro-cladding process and is arranged on the structural shell 11, and the first elastic connector 14 and the first sealing gasket 15 are respectively welded and adhered at corresponding positions of the bottom 113 of the structural shell. The first interconnection strips 123 on the photovoltaic cell panel 12 are welded on the corresponding first bonding pads 131 of the three-dimensional conformal circuit 13; the first three-dimensional conformal circuit 13 connects the seven photovoltaic panels 12 in parallel and ultimately communicates with the first elastic connector 14 through a first metallized interconnect aperture 114 through the structural shell 11.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the fuel cell 2 is located inside the functional part of the device, and a gap of 2mm exists between the outer surface of the fuel cell 2 and the inner surface of the photovoltaic cell 1, and the fuel cell is composed of a fuel tank 21, a reaction membrane 23, a separated reaction electrode 24, a second three-dimensional conformal circuit, a second elastic connector and a second sealing gasket. The fuel tank 21 is formed by polyimide 3D printing, has the same appearance as the structural shell 11 of the photovoltaic cell 1 and is a regular hexagonal platform, and the size of the fuel tank is slightly smaller than that of the structural shell 11, so that the fuel tank can be nested in the structural shell 11; the fuel tank 21 is provided with a filling hole 215, and the fuel 22 is filled into the fuel tank 21 through the filling hole 215. The reaction membrane 23 and the separation type reaction electrode 24 are laminated on the outer surface of the fuel tank 21 at one time from inside to outside through a lamination process, wherein six pieces of trapezoidal reaction membranes 231 and trapezoidal separation type reaction electrodes 241 are correspondingly arranged on the trapezoidal outer side surface 211 of the fuel tank, and one piece of hexagonal reaction membrane 232 and separation type reaction electrode 242 are arranged on the top surface 212 of the fuel tank.
The reaction membrane 231 is a place where chemical energy is converted into electric energy, and is mainly used for carrying out chemical reaction discharge between air and fuel, in order to achieve the contact of the reactants, a plurality of first penetrating holes 243 are formed in the separated reaction electrode 24, a plurality of penetrating holes 216 are also formed in the corresponding position of the fuel tank 21, the separated reaction electrode 24 corresponds to the holes in the fuel tank 21 one by one, and the holes penetrate through the separated reaction electrode 24 and the shell of the fuel tank 21, so that the outside air and the fuel in the fuel tank can reach the reaction membrane through the holes to react. In this embodiment, the penetration holes in the fuel tank 21 and the separate reaction electrode 24 have a diameter of 2mm and a pitch of 3mm.
The reaction membrane 231 is a gas permeable, liquid impermeable material that does not cause fuel to leak from the reaction membrane. The surface on which the reaction membrane and the separation type reaction electrode are arranged is called a reaction surface, and the number and the area of the reaction surface can be correspondingly adjusted according to the electricity consumption requirement of the load.
The second three-dimensional conformal circuit 25 is processed by a laser micro-cladding process, is arranged on the fuel tank 21 shell, and is provided with a large-area three-dimensional conformal circuit 251 serving as a reaction electrode in seven reaction surface areas; the second resilient connector 26 and the second gasket 27 are respectively welded and bonded to the second interconnection 244 on the separate reaction electrode 24 at the corresponding position of the fuel tank bottom 213, and are welded to the second bonding pad 252 of the second three-dimensional conformal circuit 25, and the second three-dimensional conformal circuit 25 connects the seven reaction surfaces in series and finally communicates with the second resilient connector 26 through the second metallized interconnection hole 214 passing through the fuel tank case 21.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional conformal circuit is a circuit form conformally arranged on the surface of the structure, and specifically can be prepared on a nonmetallic structure through a laser micro-cladding process, or prepared on a metallic structure through a dielectric curing and laser micro-cladding process, and has the function of transmitting charges, and can replace a traditional cable to realize the electrical communication between each photovoltaic cell panel in a photovoltaic cell and each reaction surface in a fuel cell. The three-dimensional conformal circuit in the fuel cell also serves as a reaction electrode, constituting a power generation structure of the fuel cell together with the reaction membrane and the separated reaction electrode. The application of the three-dimensional conformal circuit changes a pure structural member in the original electronic equipment into a structural function integrated member, changes the integrated architecture of a system, improves the space utilization rate, and can realize corresponding electrical functions under the condition of almost occupying no additional space.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 6, the energy storage module 3 and the energy management module 4 are located in the energy storage part of the device, and the two modules share a structural box 43, wherein the energy storage module comprises a lithium battery 31 and a super capacitor 32, and the two modules are designed according to the installation space in an adaptive shape. The energy management module 4 mainly comprises a control circuit board 41 and an external power supply connector 42, wherein a third bonding pad 413 is arranged on the front surface 411 of the control circuit board, the first elastic connector 14 of the photovoltaic cell 1 and the second elastic connector 26 of the fuel cell 2 are connected with the third bonding pad 413 in a crimping mode, and the pin 311 of the lithium battery 31 and the pin 321 of the supercapacitor 32 are connected with the third bonding pad 413 in a welding mode. The back 412 of the control circuit board is provided with a heat generating device, and the heat generating device can radiate heat through a heat radiating boss 431 at the bottom of the structural box 43. An external power supply connector 42 on the control circuit board 41 is positioned at the edge of the circuit board and is used for connecting an electric load to realize electric energy output. In a preferred embodiment, the six sides of the structural box 43 each have a concave structure 432 for air circulation to allow air to enter the gap 28 between the fuel cell 2 and the photovoltaic cell 1 to reach the respective reaction surfaces of the fuel cell 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the surfaces of the first three-dimensional conformal circuit 13 and the second three-dimensional conformal circuit 25 on the photovoltaic cell 1 and the fuel cell 2 need to be painted with an insulating protective paint to ensure that they work properly in a humid or rainy environment. Meanwhile, sealing gaskets are arranged at the bottoms of the photovoltaic cells and the fuel cells so as to ensure the tightness of the energy storage module and the power management module and improve the environmental adaptability of the device.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed. It is intended that insubstantial changes or modifications from the invention as described herein be covered by the claims below, as viewed by a person skilled in the art, without departing from the true spirit of the invention.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Claims (7)
1. The microminiature composite energy device is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell, an energy storage module and an energy management module, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected to the energy storage module and the energy management module; the energy storage module stores electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell; the energy management module comprises a control circuit board and an external power supply connector on the control circuit board, and is used for controlling the on-off of the fuel cell reaction loop, managing the charge and discharge rules of the energy storage module and supplying power to the outside; the energy storage module and the energy management module are integrated into a structure box body, the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell are arranged above the structure box body, the photovoltaic cell is nested outside the fuel cell, and a certain gap is reserved between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic cell;
the photovoltaic cell comprises a structural shell, a photovoltaic cell panel, a first three-dimensional conformal circuit and a first elastic connector, wherein the photovoltaic cell panel is paved on the outer surface of the structural shell in a largest area, the three-dimensional conformal circuit is arranged on the surface of the structural shell, the electrical connection among the photovoltaic cell panels is realized, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell are connected to the first elastic connector through the first three-dimensional conformal circuit; the elastic connector is a contact type interconnected electric connector, and realizes charge conduction under the proper compression amount and contact pressure;
the fuel cell comprises a fuel tank, a reaction membrane, a separated reaction electrode, a second three-dimensional conformal circuit and a second elastic connector, wherein the reaction membrane and the separated reaction electrode are sequentially arranged on the surface of the fuel tank from inside to outside, and the surface of the fuel tank and the separated reaction electrode are provided with small holes which are in one-to-one correspondence and are used for conveying fuel and air to the reaction membrane; the second three-dimensional conformal circuit is arranged on the surface of the fuel tank and the separated reaction electrode to form positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell and is respectively connected to the second elastic connector;
the first three-dimensional conformal circuit and the second three-dimensional conformal circuit are prepared on a nonmetal structure through a laser micro-cladding process, or are prepared on a metal structure through medium curing and a laser micro-cladding process.
2. The micro-miniature composite energy device of claim 1, wherein the energy storage module is composed of one or both of a lithium battery and a super capacitor.
3. The micro-miniature composite energy device of claim 1, wherein the structural shell is hemispherical, prismatic or prismatic, and the photovoltaic panel is a flexible photovoltaic panel when the structural shell is hemispherical; when the appearance of the structural shell is prismatic or prismatic table, the photovoltaic cell panel is a rigid photovoltaic cell panel.
4. The micro-miniature composite energy device according to claim 3, wherein a bonding pad is arranged on the front surface of the control circuit board in the energy control module, and the first elastic connector and the second elastic connector of the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are respectively connected with the bonding pad in a crimping manner; the energy storage module is interconnected with the bonding pad in a welding mode.
5. The micro-miniature composite energy device according to claim 1, wherein a heat dissipation boss is arranged at the bottom of the structural box body and used for controlling heat dissipation of the heating device on the back of the circuit board.
6. The micro-miniature composite energy device of claim 1, wherein the structural box body is provided with a concave structure at the periphery for air to circulate to the gap between the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell.
7. The micro-miniature composite energy device of claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic cell and the fuel cell are both provided with a gasket at the bottom.
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