CN113991141A - Integrated reversible fuel cell energy system - Google Patents
Integrated reversible fuel cell energy system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113991141A CN113991141A CN202111150869.0A CN202111150869A CN113991141A CN 113991141 A CN113991141 A CN 113991141A CN 202111150869 A CN202111150869 A CN 202111150869A CN 113991141 A CN113991141 A CN 113991141A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model relates to a reversible fuel cell, in particular to an integrated reversible fuel cell energy system, which comprises an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem, a solar energy electrolysis energy supply subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem; the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem consists of an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulation subsystem, an air circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and an electrolysis water circulation subsystem; the system includes a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode. Compared with the prior art, the hydrogen recycling system has the advantages that hydrogen recycling is realized, and the hydrogen can be efficiently utilized, produced and stored through the cooperation of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem and the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem, so that the endurance time of the system is prolonged, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a reversible fuel cell, in particular to an integrated reversible fuel cell energy system.
Background
The hydrogen energy is expected to become a new energy source for replacing traditional fossil energy sources such as petroleum and coal due to the characteristics of high energy storage density and no pollution. The integrated reversible Fuel Cell (URFC) is a high-efficiency utilization means for hydrogen energy, has two functional modes of electrolysis and power generation, can generate power by utilizing the hydrogen energy, can also generate hydrogen by utilizing primary energy (such as solar energy) electrolysis, and has wide application prospect in the fields of energy systems of mobile platforms, such as electric automobiles, unmanned planes, power grid peak regulation and the like.
Chinese patent CN106784960B discloses an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, which comprises a hydrogen production and power generation module, a hydrogen circulation module, an oxygen circulation module and a water circulation module, wherein the hydrogen production and power generation module is composed of a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of single cells which are sequentially overlapped, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, an oxygen inlet and a cooling fluid inlet, wherein each single cell comprises a conductive plate and a membrane electrode, a hydrogen circulation module is connected with the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, an oxygen circulation module is connected with the oxygen inlet and the oxygen outlet of the fuel cell stack, a water circulation module is connected with the cooling fluid inlet and the cooling fluid outlet of the fuel cell stack, the forward process of the system is used for generating power for the fuel cell, and the reverse process is used for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water. However, the patent does not propose energy management and mode switching strategies of the system in different working modes, and the cooling water and the electrolyzed water share the same water circulation module, which is not beneficial to controlling the temperature and the flow rate of the water in different modes.
Chinese patent CN204289610U discloses a cogeneration device of solar energy-reversible fuel cell, comprising a solar cell, a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, an oxygen storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank and a water storage tank; the combined heat and power device can fully utilize the solar energy in the daytime and effectively store the redundant solar energy in the daytime through the reversible solid oxide fuel cell so as to be utilized at night, thereby changing the energy which is not existed at night into the energy which can be indirectly used at night, and simultaneously fully utilizing the heat generated by fuel power generation to realize the combined heat and power, solving the problem of energy supply when the current motor home is used as a mobile residence, and having extremely important significance for utilizing clean energy such as solar energy, wind energy and the like. The patent does not teach the power supply path when the solar cell is operating with a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, and the energy management strategy in the operation of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve at least one of the problems, and provides an integrated reversible fuel cell energy system which can control the switching of working modes and the regulation and control of the system through an energy management module, further realize the cyclic utilization of hydrogen fuel in the running process of a vehicle, improve the energy storage density of the system, improve the energy utilization efficiency and greatly improve the endurance time of the whole vehicle.
The purpose of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system comprises an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem, a solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem; the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem consists of an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulation subsystem, an air circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and an electrolysis water circulation subsystem;
the system comprises a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode,
when the system enters a power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack starts to generate power and supplies power to the power system, and the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem is used as a supplementary energy source for auxiliary starting or rapid load change;
when the system enters an electrolysis mode, the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem supplies electrolysis energy consumption to the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem serves as auxiliary energy to maintain the system to operate, and generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage subsystem to realize hydrogen fuel circulation;
when the system is switched from the electrolysis mode to the power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is purged by inputting hydrogen and airUntil the water content in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is reduced to the content suitable for power generation, and the water content is represented by high-frequency impedance, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is generally purged until the high-frequency impedance value is lower than 200m omega cm2。
Preferably, the hydrogen circulation subsystem is formed by connecting a high-pressure reducing valve, a low-pressure reducing valve, an electromagnetic valve, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a hydrogen-water-gas separation device, a pulse valve and a gas pipeline in sequence; the pulse valve is a pulse solenoid valve that is opened and closed at a fixed time and discharges gas in a pulse manner, and therefore, a commercially available pulse solenoid valve can be used.
In a power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem, is reduced in pressure by the high-pressure reducing valve and the low-pressure reducing valve and then enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack through the electromagnetic valve, residual hydrogen after reaction is discharged to the hydrogen-water-gas separation device through the pulse discharge valve, and the separated hydrogen is discharged to the hydrogen storage subsystem and collected;
and in the electrolysis mode, the generated hydrogen is separated by the hydrogen-water-gas separation device and then is led to the hydrogen storage subsystem for storage.
Preferably, the pulse exhaust valve realizes that the opening interval time and the opening duration change along with the working condition of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack through a control program.
Preferably, the air circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an air compressor, a humidifier, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a back pressure valve, an air-water-gas separation device and a gas pipeline in sequence;
in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, air is blown into the system through an air compressor, enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack through a humidifier, passes through the humidifier in a countercurrent mode to humidify inlet airflow after leaving the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, controls pipeline pressure through a backpressure valve, and is finally separated through an air-water-gas separation device and then discharged to the air;
in the electrolysis mode, after the generated water-gas mixture is discharged from the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, the gas is separated by the air-water-gas separation device and then discharged to the air.
Preferably, the cooling water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting a cooling water pump, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a cooling water tank and a cooling water pipeline; cooling water in the cooling water tank returns to the cooling water tank after passing through a cooling water pump and a fuel cell stack;
in the operation process of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the cooling water pump drives cooling water in the cooling water tank to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack for cooling, and the power of the cooling water tank is adjusted according to a temperature feedback signal of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack so as to control the temperature of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the electrolyzed water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an electrolyzed water tank, an electrolyzed water pump, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a hydrogen-water-gas separation device, an air-water-gas separation device and an electrolyzed water pipeline;
and in the electrolysis mode, the electrolysis water pump is started to drive water in the electrolysis water tank to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, the reacted water and the generated oxygen are discharged out of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and the water separated by the hydrogen water-gas separation device flow back to the electrolysis water tank together after passing through the air water-gas separation device.
Preferably, cooling water tank and electrolytic water tank be equipped with heating function and temperature feedback function, can adjust the temperature of water in cooling water circulation branch system and the electrolytic water circulation branch system respectively.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage subsystem consists of a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and a hydrogen storage tank;
the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is made of carbon fiber materials, high-pressure hydrogen is filled in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, and a valve is arranged at an outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder;
a solid hydrogen storage material and a heating rod are arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, a lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem provides heating energy, and the hydrogen storage tank is controlled to be in a hydrogen discharge or hydrogen storage working mode by controlling the heating temperature;
the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen storage tank can independently complete the functions of hydrogen discharge and hydrogen storage of the system, hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank preferentially during hydrogen storage, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder discharges hydrogen preferentially during hydrogen discharge, and the hydrogen storage tank begins to discharge hydrogen when the pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is too low.
Preferably, the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system further comprises a control panel, wherein an energy management module is arranged on the control panel, the energy management module is used for carrying out system regulation and control, controlling the auxiliary power load and the rapid load change of the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system during power generation starting, controlling the integrated reversible fuel cell stack to carry out mode switching, controlling the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem to stop, and controlling the heating temperature of a hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen storage subsystem to enable the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system to be in a hydrogen discharge or hydrogen storage working mode.
Preferably, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system consists of a lithium battery, an energy management module of a control panel and an attached circuit, and is used as an energy source when the system is in cold start and the hydrogen storage subsystem switches the working mode.
Preferably, the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem consists of a solar photovoltaic panel, an energy management module of the control panel and an attached circuit, and electric energy generated by the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem is converted into voltage required by electrolysis of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and when the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is in an electrolysis mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is conducted to the integrated reversible fuel cell stack through the energy management module to provide a power supply.
Preferably, the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system further comprises an inverter and a switching power supply, and the electric energy generated by the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is connected to the power system after being boosted by the inverter and the switching power supply.
The working principle of the utility model is as follows:
in the starting process, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system supplies power to all electrical appliances in the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, so that the integrated reversible fuel cell stack has sufficient hydrogen and air supply, and the normal power generation of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is ensured; after the integrated reversible fuel cell stack normally generates electricity, an electric appliance powered by the lithium battery is converted into power supplied by the integrated reversible fuel cell stack during starting, and the auxiliary starting subsystem of the lithium battery can be used as a supplementary energy source for rapid load change; when the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is electrolyzed, the required power supply is provided by the solar photovoltaic panel of the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem, and meanwhile, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem provides energy for partial electric appliances.
And when the hydrogen circulation subsystem normally works in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, high-pressure hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem through a valve, is reduced to the use air pressure through a high-pressure reducing valve and a low-pressure reducing valve, and then is introduced into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack after passing through an electromagnetic valve for controlling the opening and closing of the circulation path. And discharging the residual hydrogen after the reaction to a hydrogen-water-gas separation device through a pulse valve, and introducing the separated dry hydrogen into a hydrogen storage subsystem for storage. When the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem works in an electrolysis mode, the hydrogen inlet electromagnetic valve of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is closed, the mixture of the hydrogen and the water and the gas at the outlet passes through the hydrogen and the gas separation device, the separated dry hydrogen is led to the hydrogen storage subsystem to be stored, and the water is condensed and flows back to the electrolysis water tank.
When the air circulation subsystem normally works in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, air is sucked into a pipeline by an air compressor and enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack through a humidifier, wherein the humidifier is connected in a countercurrent mode, the other side of the membrane is connected with an air path outlet of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and outlet air with high humidity is used for humidifying inlet air. And the residual air after the reaction enters an air-water separation device through a backpressure valve for controlling the upstream pressure, the separated gas is discharged to the air, and water is condensed and flows back to the electrolytic water tank.
The cooling water circulation subsystem controls the temperature of water and circulates a cooling water pump through a cooling water tank in the power generation and electrolysis modes of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and the constant temperature water is continuously maintained at the temperature of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack.
The electrolysis water circulation subsystem does not operate in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and in the electrolysis mode, the electrolysis water pump pumps electrolysis water controlled by the electrolysis water tank into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, water separated by the hydrogen water-gas separation device and the air water-gas separation device is collected and flows back to the electrolysis water tank.
When the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is switched from a power generation mode to an electrolysis mode, the solar photovoltaic panel circuit is connected into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack for supplying power, the air compressor, the electromagnetic valve and the pulse valve are closed, the electrolysis water pump is opened, and the integrated reversible fuel cell stack enters the electrolysis mode.
When the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is switched to a power generation mode from an electrolysis mode, the electromagnetic valve and the air compressor are opened, hydrogen and oxygen are continuously introduced into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, moisture in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is blown out after a period of time, at the moment, the solar photovoltaic panel circuit is cut off, the electrolysis water circulation subsystem is closed, and the integrated reversible fuel cell stack enters the power generation mode.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the existing fuel cell energy system has unidirectional hydrogen use and can not circulate, so that the system has short endurance time and low energy utilization efficiency. The existing integrated reversible fuel cell system equipment and hydrogen circulation scheme are unreasonable in selection and difficult to be carried on mobile platforms such as small vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles for use. The utility model realizes the cyclic utilization of hydrogen, and the hydrogen can be efficiently utilized, produced and stored by the cooperation of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem and the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem, thereby improving the endurance time of the system and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
2. Through energy management module automatic control mode switching and system regulation and control, and then realize the abundant cyclic utilization of hydrogen fuel among the vehicle driving process, promote system energy storage density, improve energy utilization efficiency, promote whole car duration by a wide margin.
3. The pipeline of the utility model has reasonable design, simple structure and lower arrangement complexity, effectively reduces the weight and the volume occupied by the system, and can be carried on small vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, power grid peak shaving and other mobile platforms for use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a back side structure of the integrated reversible fuel cell power system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen recycling subsystem of the integrated reversible fuel cell power system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an air circulation subsystem of the integrated reversible fuel cell power system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrolytic water circulation subsystem of the integrated reversible fuel cell power system of the present invention;
in the figure: the system comprises a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1, a high-pressure reducing valve 2, a low-pressure reducing valve 3, an electromagnetic valve 4, a reversible fuel cell pile 5 in an integrated manner, a hydrogen-water separation device 6, a pulse exhaust valve 7, a hydrogen storage tank 8, an air compressor 9, a humidifier 10, a back pressure valve 11, an air-water separation device 12, a cooling water pump 13, a cooling water tank 14, an electrolytic water tank 15, an electrolytic water pump 16, a lithium battery 17, a control panel 18, a solar photovoltaic panel 19, an inverter 20 and a switching power supply 21.
Detailed Description
The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
An integrated reversible fuel cell energy system, as shown in fig. 1-5, comprises an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem, a solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem; the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem consists of an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a hydrogen circulation subsystem, an air circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and an electrolysis water circulation subsystem;
the system comprises a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode,
when the system enters a power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 starts to generate power and supplies power to the power system, and the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem is used as a supplementary energy source for auxiliary starting or rapid load change;
when the system enters an electrolysis mode, the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem supplies electrolysis energy consumption to the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem serves as auxiliary energy to maintain the system to operate, and generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage subsystem to realize hydrogen fuel circulation;
when the system is switched from the electrolysis mode to the power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is purged by inputting hydrogen and air until the moisture in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is reduced to the content suitable for power generation, and the content is lower than 200m omega-cm when represented by a high-frequency impedance value2。
More specifically, in the present embodiment:
the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system is applied to Apollo primary vehicles.
The hydrogen circulation subsystem is formed by connecting a high-pressure reducing valve 2, a low-pressure reducing valve 3, an electromagnetic valve 4, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6, a pulse exhaust valve 7 and a gas pipeline in sequence, as shown in figure 3; in a power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem, is subjected to pressure reduction through a high-pressure reducing valve 2 (the outlet pressure of the high-pressure reducing valve 2 is 1MPa of gauge pressure) and a low-pressure reducing valve 3 (the outlet pressure of the low-pressure reducing valve 3 is 100kPa of gauge pressure), then enters an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through an electromagnetic valve 4, the residual hydrogen after reaction is discharged to a hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6 through a pulse discharge valve 7, and the separated hydrogen is discharged to the hydrogen storage subsystem and collected; in the electrolysis mode, the generated hydrogen is separated by the hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6 and then is led to the hydrogen storage subsystem for storage. The pulse exhaust valve 7 can realize that the opening interval time and the opening duration change along with the working condition of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through a control program.
The air circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an air compressor 9, a humidifier 10, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a back pressure valve 11, an air-water-gas separation device 12 and a gas pipeline in sequence, as shown in fig. 4; in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, air is blown into the system through an air compressor 9 (the air compressor 9 controls the air flow to be 10L/min), enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through a humidifier 10, has high air humidity after leaving the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, passes through the humidifier 10 in a countercurrent mode to humidify inlet airflow, controls the pipeline pressure to be 100kPa through a backpressure valve 11, and is finally separated through an air water-gas separation device 12 and then discharged to the air; in the electrolysis mode, the generated water-gas mixture is discharged from the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and the gas is separated by the air-water separator 12 and then discharged to the air.
The cooling water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting a cooling water pump 13, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a cooling water tank 14 and a cooling water pipeline; cooling water in the cooling water tank 14 returns to the cooling water tank 14 after passing through the cooling water pump 13 and the fuel cell stack, and the cooling water tank 14 is provided with a heating (heat preservation) function and a temperature feedback function, so that the temperature of circulating water in the cooling water circulation subsystem can be adjusted according to actual conditions; in the operation process of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the cooling water pump 13 (the flow of the cooling water pump 13 is controlled at 5L/min) drives the cooling water in the cooling water tank 14 to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 for cooling, the power of the cooling water tank 14 is adjusted according to a temperature feedback signal of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and the temperature of the cooling water is controlled to be 60 ℃ so as to control the temperature of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5.
The electrolyzed water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an electrolyzed water tank 15, an electrolyzed water pump 16, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a hydrogen water-gas separation device 6, an air water-gas separation device 12 and an electrolyzed water pipeline, as shown in figure 5; the electrolytic water circulation subsystem is only started in an electrolysis mode, the electrolytic water tank 15 is provided with a heating (heat preservation) function and a temperature feedback function, and the water temperature of circulating water in the electrolytic water circulation subsystem can be adjusted according to actual conditions; in the electrolysis mode, the electrolysis water pump 16 is started to drive water in the electrolysis water tank 15 to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, the electrolysis water pump 16 controls water flow to be 2.6L/min, and the electrolysis water tank 15 controls the temperature of circulating water to be 70 ℃. The reacted water is discharged out of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 together with the generated oxygen, wherein the water separated by the air water-gas separation device 12 and the water separated by the hydrogen water-gas separation device 6 flow back into the electrolytic water tank 15 together.
The hydrogen storage subsystem consists of a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 and a hydrogen storage tank 8; the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 is made of carbon fiber materials, high-pressure hydrogen is filled inside the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, the hydrogen storage capacity is 5L, the hydrogen storage pressure is 13.5MPa, and a valve is arranged at an outlet; a magnesium-based alloy solid hydrogen storage material and a heating rod are arranged in the hydrogen storage tank 8, and a heating energy source is provided by the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem to control the heating temperature so as to control the hydrogen storage tank 8 to be in a hydrogen discharging or storing working mode (the hydrogen storage temperature is 380 ℃ and the hydrogen discharging temperature is 280 ℃); the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 and the hydrogen storage tank 8 can independently complete the functions of hydrogen discharge and hydrogen storage of the system, hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank 8 preferentially during hydrogen storage, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 discharges hydrogen preferentially during hydrogen discharge, and the hydrogen storage tank 8 begins to discharge hydrogen when the air pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 is too low.
The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system is also provided with a control panel 18, an energy management module is arranged on the control panel 18, the energy management module carries out system regulation, an auxiliary power load and a quick variable load of the auxiliary lithium battery promoter system are generated and started, the integrated reversible fuel cell pile 5 can be controlled to carry out mode switching, the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem can be controlled to stop, and the heating temperature of a hydrogen storage tank 8 of the hydrogen storage subsystem can be controlled to be in a hydrogen discharge or hydrogen storage working mode.
The lithium battery auxiliary starting system consists of a lithium battery 17, an energy management module of a control panel 18 and an attached circuit, and is used as an energy source for driving all parts when the system is in cold start and the hydrogen storage subsystem is switched to work modes.
The solar energy electrolysis energy supply subsystem is composed of a solar photovoltaic panel 19, an energy management module of the control panel 18 and an attached circuit, and electric energy generated by the solar energy electrolysis energy supply subsystem is converted into voltage required by electrolysis of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5. The solar photovoltaic panel 19 is connected to the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and when the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is in an electrolysis mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is guided to provide power through the energy management module.
The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system also comprises an inverter 20 and a switching power supply 21, wherein electric energy generated by the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is connected to the power system after being boosted by the inverter 20 and the switching power supply 21. The inverter 20 has the input of wide voltage of 10.2V-18V and the output of 220V, the switching power supply 21 has the input of 220V power and the output of 60V power and supplies power to the energy system of the vehicle
The working process of the utility model is as follows:
when the vehicle is started, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem supplies power to an electric appliance of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and opens the electromagnetic valve 4, the pulse exhaust valve 7, the hydrogen storage tank 8, the air compressor 9 and the cooling water pump 13 of the hydrogen circulation subsystem and the air circulation subsystem. At the moment, the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem enters a power generation mode to work. When the control board 18 detects that the output power of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 reaches a level that can be used for the operation of the power system of the vehicle, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is switched to supply power to the energy system of the vehicle through the energy management module, and the vehicle starts to run at the moment. When the control board 18 detects that the output power of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 reaches a higher level capable of simultaneously providing energy for the vehicle power system and the power system electrical appliances, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is controlled by the energy management module to supply power to the electrical appliances of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem.
When the vehicle stops, if the control panel 18 detects that solar energy has power input, the solar photovoltaic panel 19 can be connected into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through the energy management module, the electrolysis water pump 16 of the electrolysis water circulation subsystem is opened, the electromagnetic valve 4 of the hydrogen circulation subsystem and the air compressor 9 of the air circulation system are closed, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is made to enter an electrolysis mode, and at the moment, the energy of the electrolysis water pump 16 and the energy of the hydrogen storage tank 8 are provided by the lithium battery 17. After electrolysis is completed, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 needs to be switched to a power generation mode before the vehicle is restarted, and purging is needed at the moment. The electrolytic water circulation subsystem is closed through a program of the control panel 18, and meanwhile, the lithium battery 17 is controlled to open the electromagnetic valve 4 of the hydrogen circulation subsystem and the air compressor 9 of the air circulation subsystem, so that residual moisture in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is blown out. After the switching is completed, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 can continue to generate power.
If the operation needs to be stopped, the continuously generated electric energy consumed by a small load is utilized to detect the voltage of the port of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, after the voltage is reduced to 0V, the electromagnetic valve 4, the pulse valve 7 and the air compressor 9 are closed, the supply of hydrogen and air is cut off, and finally all the electric appliances are stopped to operate, so that the system is stopped.
The working principle of the utility model is as follows:
in the starting process, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system supplies power to each electric appliance in the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, so that the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 has sufficient hydrogen and air supply, and the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is ensured to normally generate electricity; after the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 normally generates power, an electric appliance powered by the lithium battery 17 is converted into power supplied by the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 during starting, and the auxiliary starting subsystem of the lithium battery can be used as a supplementary energy source for rapid load change; when the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is electrolyzed, the required power supply is provided by the solar photovoltaic panel 19 of the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem, and meanwhile, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem provides energy for partial electric appliances.
When the hydrogen circulation subsystem normally works in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, high-pressure hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem through a valve, is reduced to the use air pressure through a high-pressure reducing valve 2 and a low-pressure reducing valve 3, and then is introduced into an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through an electromagnetic valve 4 for controlling the opening and closing of a circulation path. The residual hydrogen after the reaction is discharged to a hydrogen-water separation device 6 through a pulse valve 7, and the separated dry hydrogen is introduced into a hydrogen storage subsystem for storage. When the system works in the electrolysis mode, the hydrogen inlet electromagnetic valve 4 of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is closed, the mixture of the hydrogen and the water and the gas at the outlet passes through the hydrogen and water separation device 6, the separated dry hydrogen is led to the hydrogen storage subsystem to be stored, and the water is condensed and flows back to the electrolysis water tank 15.
When the air circulation subsystem normally works in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, air is sucked into a pipeline by an air compressor 9 and enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through a humidifier 10, wherein the humidifier 10 is connected in a countercurrent mode, the other side of the membrane is connected with an air path outlet of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and outlet air with high humidity is used for humidifying inlet air. The air left after the reaction enters an air-water separation device 12 through a backpressure valve 11 for controlling the upstream pressure, the separated gas is discharged to the air, and the water is condensed and flows back to an electrolytic water tank 15.
The cooling water circulation subsystem controls the temperature through a cooling water tank 14 and circulates through a cooling water pump 13 in the power generation and electrolysis modes of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and the constant-temperature water is continuously kept at the temperature through the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5.
The electrolysis water circulation subsystem does not operate in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and in the electrolysis mode, the electrolysis water pump 16 controls the temperature of the electrolysis water pump 16 through the electrolysis water tank 15 and enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and meanwhile, the water separated by the hydrogen water-gas separation device 6 and the air water-gas separation device 12 is collected and flows back to the electrolysis water tank 15.
When the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is switched from a power generation mode to an electrolysis mode, the solar photovoltaic panel 19 is connected with the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 for power supply, the air compressor 9, the electromagnetic valve 4 and the pulse valve 7 are closed, the electrolysis water pump 16 is opened, and the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 enters the electrolysis mode.
When the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is switched to a power generation mode from an electrolysis mode, the electromagnetic valve 4 and the air compressor 9 are opened, hydrogen and oxygen are continuously introduced into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, moisture in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is blown out after a period of time, at the moment, the solar photovoltaic panel 19 circuit is cut off, the electrolysis water circulation subsystem is closed, and the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 enters the power generation mode.
The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system is applied to a cool and black small vehicle (product number: 2019009, ground size 1m 0.5m, rated power of a motor is 2.8kW), the endurance time can reach 184 hours, and the original lithium battery of the vehicle can only provide 10 hours of endurance time.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the utility model by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system is characterized by comprising an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem, a solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem; the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem consists of an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a hydrogen circulation subsystem, an air circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and an electrolytic water circulation subsystem;
the system comprises a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode:
when the system enters a power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) starts to generate power and supplies power to the power system, and the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem is used as a supplementary energy source for auxiliary starting or rapid load change;
when the system enters an electrolysis mode, the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem supplies electrolysis energy consumption to the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem serves as auxiliary energy to maintain the system to operate, and generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage subsystem to realize hydrogen fuel circulation;
when the system is switched from the electrolysis mode to the power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) is purged by inputting hydrogen and air until the moisture in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) is reduced to the content suitable for power generation.
2. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen circulation subsystem is composed of a high pressure reducing valve (2), a low pressure reducing valve (3), a solenoid valve (4), an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a hydrogen-water separator (6), a pulse valve (7), and a gas pipeline connection;
in a power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem, the hydrogen is reduced in pressure through the high-pressure reducing valve (2) and the low-pressure reducing valve (3) and then enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) through the electromagnetic valve (4), residual hydrogen after reaction is discharged to the hydrogen-water separation device (6) through the pulse discharge valve (7), and the separated hydrogen is discharged to the hydrogen storage subsystem and collected;
in the electrolysis mode, the generated hydrogen is separated by a hydrogen-water-gas separation device (6) and then is led to a hydrogen storage subsystem for storage.
3. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an air compressor (9), a humidifier (10), an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a back pressure valve (11), an air-water-gas separation device (12) and a gas pipeline;
in a power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, air is blown into the system through an air compressor (9), enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) through a humidifier (10), passes through the humidifier (10) in a countercurrent mode to humidify inlet airflow after leaving the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), controls pipeline pressure through a backpressure valve (11), and is separated through an air-water-gas separation device (12) and then is discharged to the air;
in the electrolysis mode, after the generated water-gas mixture is discharged from the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), the gas is separated by the air-water-gas separation device (12) and then discharged to the air.
4. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling water circulation subsystem is composed of a cooling water pump (13), an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a cooling water tank (14) and a cooling water pipeline; cooling water in the cooling water tank (14) returns to the cooling water tank (14) after passing through a cooling water pump (13) and the fuel cell stack (5);
in the operation process of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the cooling water pump (13) drives cooling water in the cooling water tank (14) to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) for cooling, the power of the cooling water tank (14) is adjusted according to a temperature feedback signal of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), and the temperature of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) is controlled.
5. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyzed water circulation subsystem is composed of an electrolyzed water tank (15), an electrolyzed water pump (16), an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a hydrogen water-gas separation device (6), an air water-gas separation device (12) and an electrolyzed water pipeline;
in the electrolysis mode, an electrolysis water pump (16) is started to drive water in an electrolysis water tank (15) to enter an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), the water and generated oxygen are discharged out of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) after reaction, and the water and water separated by a hydrogen water-gas separation device (6) flow back to enter the electrolysis water tank (15) after passing through an air water-gas separation device (12).
6. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen storage subsystem is composed of a high pressure hydrogen cylinder (1), a hydrogen storage tank (8);
the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) is made of carbon fiber materials, high-pressure hydrogen is filled in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, and a valve is arranged at an outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder;
a solid hydrogen storage material and a heating rod are arranged in the hydrogen storage tank (8), a lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem provides heating energy, and the hydrogen storage tank (8) is controlled to be in a hydrogen discharge or hydrogen storage working mode by controlling the heating temperature;
the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) and the hydrogen storage tank (8) can independently complete the functions of hydrogen discharge and hydrogen storage of the system, hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank (8) preferentially during hydrogen storage, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) discharges hydrogen preferentially during hydrogen discharge, and the hydrogen storage tank (8) starts to discharge hydrogen when the air pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) is too low.
7. The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system according to claim 1, further comprising a control panel (18), wherein an energy management module is arranged on the control panel (18), and the energy management module performs system regulation and control to control an auxiliary power load and a rapid load change of the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system during power generation starting, control the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) to perform mode switching, control the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem to stop, and control the heating temperature of a hydrogen storage tank (8) of the hydrogen storage subsystem to be in a hydrogen discharge or hydrogen storage working mode.
8. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 7, characterized in that the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem is composed of the lithium battery (17), the energy management module of the control board (18) and the attached circuit, and is used as the energy source when the system is in cold start and the hydrogen storage subsystem switches the working mode.
9. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 7, characterized in that the solar electrolytic energy supply subsystem is composed of a solar photovoltaic panel (19), an energy management module of the control panel (18) and an attached circuit, and the electric energy generated by the solar electrolytic energy supply subsystem is converted into the voltage required by the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) for electrolysis.
10. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 1, further comprising an inverter (20) and a switching power source (21), wherein the electric energy generated by the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is boosted by the inverter (20) and the switching power source (21) and then connected to the power system.
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