CN113846340B - Hydrogen energy management system - Google Patents
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- CN113846340B CN113846340B CN202111107626.9A CN202111107626A CN113846340B CN 113846340 B CN113846340 B CN 113846340B CN 202111107626 A CN202111107626 A CN 202111107626A CN 113846340 B CN113846340 B CN 113846340B
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical group OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SYHGEUNFJIGTRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenedioxypyrovalerone Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1C(=O)C(CCC)N1CCCC1 SYHGEUNFJIGTRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LUMVCLJFHCTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[K+] LUMVCLJFHCTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen energy management system, which aims at the problems of single power supply and small hydrogen supply adjustment range of the existing hydrogen production system, takes renewable energy sources as main power sources through a power supply control device, energy storage power and conventional power (natural gas power and coal power) as power sources, can flexibly adjust the power supply mode, then combines the requirements on the hydrogen amount, considers the advantages and disadvantages of three main flow electrolytic tanks, flexibly combines three tanks of AEL, PEM and SPE through the hydrogen supply control device, uses PEM at the initial stage of starting and at the small flow, has instant hydrogen supply capacity, increases the hydrogen requirement, simultaneously operates the AEL and PEM at the time of switching the electrolytic tanks, starts the SPE at the time of external waste heat, reduces the power consumption and other modes, can realize the access of any power and heat (photovoltaic power, wind power, energy storage power, natural gas hydrogen production, coal power and waste heat), can realize the random supply of the hydrogen amount, can be large and small (full-range adjustment), and simultaneously can realize the lowest power consumption of the hydrogen production system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of green hydrogen preparation energy management, and particularly relates to a hydrogen energy management system.
Background
In the development history of human beings, fossil energy sources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like make excellent contributions to the progress of human civilization, and the development of human society is still a significant role by the fossil energy sources in the next decades. However, with the rapid development of economy and population, the factors such as excessive development and low utilization rate of fossil energy have caused energy crisis worldwide, and seriously destroy ecological balance, especially in the relatively lagged undeveloped or developing countries, the harm caused by environmental pollution to people's life is increasingly prominent, so that the development of new energy has become an inevitable choice for the survival and development of human beings.
Hydrogen is recognized as a final choice for energy supply as a clean renewable energy source. The renewable energy hydrogen production and storage system comprises a renewable energy power generation subsystem, a water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem, a heat tracing subsystem and an organic matter hydrogen storage subsystem, wherein the heat tracing subsystem is connected between the organic matter hydrogen storage subsystem and the water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem, and partial heat generated when the organic matter hydrogen storage subsystem generates hydrogenated organic matters is transferred to the water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem through the heat tracing subsystem to heat the water electrolysis hydrogen production device. The scheme utilizes the heat generated when hydrogen reacts with organic matters to heat the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, ensures that liquid in the water electrolysis hydrogen production device cannot congeal or crystallize in cold seasons, reduces the next starting time while ensuring the safety of the system, and thus improves the production efficiency of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device. Meanwhile, part of heat of the hydrogenated organic matters is used for heating the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, so that the cooling water consumption required for cooling the hydrogenated organic matters is reduced, and the energy utilization rate of the system is improved.
At present, technologies such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation are mature, but the volatility of a power generation end and the stability required by a power utilization end are difficult to solve, while the conventional technologies at a water electrolysis hydrogen production end are small alkaline electrolytic tanks with fixed hydrogen production amount, which are prepared by taking hydrogen as a raw material, and the tanks have the problems of limited energy production, high power consumption, small adjustable hydrogen production amount range and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen energy management system which can realize the access of any electric power and heating power (photovoltaic power, wind power, energy storage power, natural gas power, coal power and waste heat), the random supply of hydrogen can be realized, the hydrogen quantity can be large or small (full-range adjustment), and meanwhile, the power consumption of the system is reduced.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A hydrogen energy management system for a hydrogen plant, comprising:
The power supply control device is configured to be connected with any one of renewable energy sources, energy storage electricity, natural gas electricity and coal electricity, and is used for combining any power source according to different working time periods to output stable power to the hydrogen production equipment;
The hydrogen supply control device is configured to be connected into any one of the electrolytic tanks AEL, PEM, SPE, combines any electrolytic tank according to the requirements of hydrogen production equipment on hydrogen yield and hydrogen production efficiency, controls the operation of a target electrolytic tank, and realizes full-range adjustment of hydrogen output.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the power supply control device includes a first power supply module, a second power supply module, and a third power supply module;
The first power supply module is mainly used for storing energy and is used for supplying power to hydrogen production equipment in weak illumination period;
the second power supply module is mainly renewable energy and is used for supplying power to hydrogen production equipment in a sufficient illumination period;
the third power supply module is mainly powered by natural gas or coal and is used for supplying power to the hydrogen production equipment in the interruption period of the first power supply module and the second power supply module.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen supply control device comprises an AEL electrolysis module, a PEM electrolysis module, an SPE electrolysis module and a control module;
the control module is used for responding to the requirement of hydrogen yield, and selecting an optimal electrolysis module or a combination of electrolysis modules meeting the requirement of hydrogen yield according to the adjustment range of the hydrogen yield of the AEL electrolysis module, the PEM electrolysis module and the SPE electrolysis module to produce hydrogen.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art:
according to the hydrogen energy management system in the embodiment of the invention, aiming at the problems of single power supply and small hydrogen supply adjustment range of the existing hydrogen production system, the power supply control device is used for taking renewable energy sources as main power sources, stored energy power and conventional power (natural gas power and coal power) as power sources, the power supply mode can be flexibly adjusted, then the requirements on the hydrogen amount are combined, the advantages and disadvantages of three main flow electrolytic tanks are considered, the three tanks of AEL, PEM and SPE are flexibly combined through the hydrogen supply control device, the PEM is used at the initial stage of starting and at the small flow, the instantaneous hydrogen supply capacity is realized, the hydrogen demand is increased, the AEL and PEM simultaneously operate at the switching of the electrolytic tanks, the SPE is started when external waste heat exists, the power consumption is reduced and other modes can be realized, the follow-up supply of hydrogen can be large and small (full-range adjustment) and the power consumption of the hydrogen production system can be simultaneously realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a hydrogen energy management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a hydrogen energy management system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change of the photovoltaic power generation power with time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of AEL, PEM combined hydrogen supply conditioning in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1: storing energy; 2: photovoltaic electricity; 3: wind power; 4: natural gas electricity; 5: coal electricity; 100: a power supply control device; 101: a first power supply module; 102: a second power supply module; 103: a third power supply module; 200: a hydrogen supply control device; 201: a control module; 202: an AEL electrolysis module; 203: a PEM electrolysis module; 204: SPE electrolysis module.
Detailed Description
A hydrogen energy management system according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and from the claims.
Aiming at the problems of single power supply and small hydrogen supply adjusting range of the existing hydrogen production system, the embodiment provides a hydrogen energy management system which is used for hydrogen production equipment, realizes access to any electric power and heating power (photovoltaic power, wind power, energy storage power, natural gas power, coal power and waste heat), and can supply hydrogen at random, wherein the hydrogen quantity can be large or small (full-range adjustment), and meanwhile, the power consumption of the system is reduced.
Current power, including unstable power: photovoltaic electricity, wind electricity, biomass power generation and the like, and relatively stable power comprises coal electricity, natural gas power generation, nuclear power and the like. In the past, the application of the electric power is independent, along with the development of technology, particularly the development of renewable energy sources, the scene of combining stable power grid electric power and unstable new energy electric power is more and more, the current conventional electric equipment can only adapt to the scene of power supply stability, and the unstable new energy electric power can only be used by combining energy storage, but the renewable energy electric power is wasted in a large amount due to the limited capacity of the energy storage.
In addition, the output end of the energy source, such as the use of green hydrogen, faces the fluctuation of the consumption, and the hydrogen supply system is required to have a certain regulating function; the current system for converting hydrogen by electricity is mainly completed by an electrolytic tank, and a technical means is needed to realize the adjustability of the electrolytic tank.
Referring to fig. 1, the hydrogen energy management system in this embodiment relies on the architecture of the source network load storage, and constructs a "source" end using renewable energy as a main source, energy storage power and conventional power (natural gas power and coal power) as emergency power sources, the load of the source end can be flexibly adjusted, then the requirements of the "load" end on the hydrogen amount are combined, and the advantages and disadvantages of three main flow electrolytic tanks are considered, so that three tanks of AEL, PEM and SPE are flexibly combined, and the PEM is used at the initial stage of starting and at the low flow, so that the instantaneous hydrogen supply capability is provided, the hydrogen requirement is increased, the AEL and PEM simultaneously operate when the electrolytic tanks are switched, and the SPE is started when external waste heat exists, so that the electricity consumption is reduced. Through the design, when the hydrogen energy management system is applied to the existing water electrolyzer hydrogen production system, arbitrary electric power and heating power (photovoltaic power, wind power, energy storage power, natural gas power, coal power and waste heat) can be accessed, hydrogen can be supplied at random, the hydrogen amount can be large or small (full-range adjustment), and meanwhile, the lowest power consumption of the system can be achieved.
The above concept is embodied as a hydrogen energy management system, referring to fig. 2, which includes a power supply control device 100 and a hydrogen supply control device 200; the power supply control device 100 is configured to be connected to any one of renewable energy sources, energy storage electricity, natural gas electricity and coal electricity, and combine any power sources according to different working time periods to output stable power to the hydrogen production equipment; the hydrogen supply control device 200 is configured to be connected to any one of the electrolytic tanks AEL, PEM, SPE, and combines any electrolytic tank according to the requirements of hydrogen production equipment on hydrogen yield and hydrogen production efficiency, controls the operation of a target electrolytic tank, and realizes full-range adjustment of hydrogen output.
Specifically, the power supply control device 100 includes a first power supply module 101, a second power supply module 102, and a third power supply module 103, where the first power supply module 101 is mainly energy storage power and is used for supplying power to the hydrogen production equipment in weak illumination period. Referring to fig. 1, the first power supply module may include energy storage power 1, photovoltaic power 2 and wind power 3, and in weak illumination periods, such as early morning and early morning, the power generated by the photovoltaic power 2 is lower, referring to fig. 3. The wind power 3 may also be in a period of low generated power, so the supply of electric energy mainly includes the stored energy 1, and the power supply control device 100 may be switched to the first power supply module 101 to supply power to the hydrogen production device. The stored energy electricity 1 may be a lithium cell, or may be an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell), or other stored energy electricity.
In the weak illumination period, the power generation power of the photovoltaic power 2 is low in the evening period, the energy storage power 1 and the wind power 3 are mainly used for supplying electric energy, and the power supply control device 100 can be switched to the first power supply module 101 to supply power to the hydrogen production equipment.
The second power supply module 102 is mainly renewable energy sources and is used for supplying power to hydrogen production equipment with sufficient illumination time. Referring to fig. 1, the second power supply module 102 may include a photovoltaic power 2 and a wind power 3, and during a sufficient illumination period, such as a period from morning to afternoon, the generated power of the photovoltaic is increased, and as shown in fig. 3, the supply of electric energy is mainly performed by the photovoltaic power 2, and the power supply control device 100 may switch to the second power supply module 102 to supply power to the hydrogen production apparatus. The renewable energy sources here may be bioenergy, hydroenergy, or the like, in addition to photovoltaic electricity and wind electricity.
The third power supply module 103 is mainly natural gas power or coal power and is used for supplying power to the hydrogen production equipment in the interruption period of the first power supply module and the second power supply module. The third power supply module 103 may contain natural gas electricity 4 and coal electricity 5 for electrical emergency in extreme situations. The extreme case here refers to the case where neither the first power supply module nor the second power supply module is operational (i.e. is interrupted). In this case, the power supply control device 100 switches to the third power supply module 103 to supply power to the hydrogen production plant, and maintains the normal operation of the hydrogen production plant.
From the above description, it can be understood that the power supply control device 100 has a function of switching the corresponding power supply module according to the operation period. In practical application, the power supply control device can be realized by adopting a PLC (programmable logic controller) or an FPGA. The related module switching can be realized by adopting a relay or a multiplexer.
The hydrogen supply control device 200 in this embodiment includes a control module 201, an AEL electrolysis module 202, a PEM electrolysis module 203, and an SPE electrolysis module 204, where the control module 201 is configured to respond to the requirement of hydrogen yield, and select an optimal electrolysis module or a combination of electrolysis modules that meets the requirement of hydrogen yield according to the adjustment range of the hydrogen output of the AEL electrolysis module 202, the PEM electrolysis module 203, and the SPE electrolysis module 204, so as to produce hydrogen.
Alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production (AEL) is one of the most widely used in the prior art. Direct current is introduced into the high-concentration potassium hydroxide solution, and water molecules undergo electrochemical reaction on the electrodes. At the cathode, the water molecules are decomposed at the cathode into hydrogen ions (h+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), which combine with electrons from the cathode to form hydrogen gas, which then reaches the anode, generating oxygen and water. In order to ensure separation of the reaction products and to avoid explosion caused by recombination thereof, a membrane is provided between the anode and the cathode of the cell. To let the gas pass, AEL employs a porous membrane, thus limiting the operation of the device under pressure.
The PEM proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production is different from alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, and the perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane with good chemical stability, proton conductivity and gas separation is used as a solid electrolyte to replace an asbestos membrane, so that electron transfer can be effectively prevented, and the safety of an electrolytic cell is improved. The main components of the PEM water electrolyzer are a proton exchange membrane, a cathode-anode catalytic layer, a cathode-anode gas diffusion layer, a cathode-anode end plate and the like from inside to outside. The diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and the proton exchange membrane form a membrane electrode, which is a main place for material transmission and electrochemical reaction of the whole water electrolysis cell, and the characteristics and the structure of the membrane electrode directly influence the performance and the service life of the PEM water electrolysis cell.
Compared with AEL hydrogen production, PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production has higher working current density (more than 1A/cm < 2 >), higher overall efficiency (74% -87%), higher hydrogen volume fraction (more than 99.99%), higher gas production pressure (3-4 MPa), higher dynamic response speed and adaptability to the fluctuation of renewable energy power generation.
The core of the Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic tank, which consists of a membrane electrode assembly, a current collector, a frame, a sealing gasket and the like. Wherein the membrane electrode assembly and the current collector are core components of the electrolytic cell, and determine the service performance of the electrolytic cell. When SPE electrolyzes water, deionized water is supplied to the membrane electrode assembly, and oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons are separated out by reaction at the anode side. Electrons are transferred to the cathode by an external circuit and hydrogen ions pass through the membrane to the cathode in hydrated form (H+. XH 20). At the cathode, the hydrogen ions and electrons recombine to form hydrogen gas, and at the same time, some of the water is carried to the cathode.
Compared with the traditional hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis, the SPE hydrogen production by water electrolysis has the main advantages that: the efficiency is high (up to 90%) under the given current density, so that the energy consumption is low and the cost is low; the current density can reach 3A/cm < 2 > at the highest, and the cell voltage is 2.0V, so that the volume is small and the weight is light under the same gas yield; the electrolyte is a chain polymer, has stable performance and no corrosive liquid, so the electrolyte is safe and reliable, has small maintenance amount and long service life; the electrolyte is a non-breathable diaphragm and can bear larger pressure difference, so that pressure difference control is simplified, and the starting and stopping are rapid; deionized water is not only a reactant but also a coolant, so that a cooling system is omitted, and the volume and the weight of the device are reduced; because no free alkali liquid exists, the corrosion to equipment is reduced, the gas production purity is high, the gas does not contain alkali mist, and the gas can be directly applied after simple separation.
The hydrogen supply control apparatus 200 in this embodiment selects the optimal electrolysis module or the combination of electrolysis modules that meet the hydrogen yield requirement according to the characteristics of the above-described various electrolysis tanks, and performs hydrogen production.
Specifically, assuming a hydrogen production requirement of 1000Nm 3/h, the AEL electrolysis module 202 is adjusted to 50-100% and the PEM electrolysis module 203 is adjusted to 5-100%. The control module calculates according to the conditions:
the AEL electrolysis module 202 may be adjusted between 500 and 1000Nm 3/h and the PEM electrolysis module 203 may be adjusted between 5 and 1000Nm 3/h.
Thus, a 500Nm 3/h PEM electrolysis module 203 is provided to achieve full scale regulation. Considering the energy consumption and price factors, a 500Nm3/h AEL electrolysis module 202 can be selectively configured, and the adjustment of 250-1000 Nm3/h can be realized according to the adjustment range of 50-100%; full scale adjustment can be achieved by configuring a 250Nm 3/h PEM electrolysis module 203. The AEL electrolysis module 202 combines the full range hydrogen output with the PEM electrolysis module 203, see FIG. 4.
According to the hydrogen production rate requirement, the PEM electrolysis module 203 can be adopted to produce hydrogen at the initial stage of starting the hydrogen production equipment and at a small flow rate, so that the instantaneous hydrogen supply capability is realized; when the hydrogen demand increases, the control module can switch the electrolyzer, and the AEL electrolysis module 202 and the PEM electrolysis module 203 operate simultaneously; when external waste heat is generated, the control module can be switched to the SPE electrolysis module 204 to produce hydrogen, so that the power consumption is reduced.
From the above description, it can be understood that the hydrogen supply control apparatus 200 has the function of calculating and optimizing the energy consumption according to the hydrogen production demand and the characteristics of each electrolysis module, and switching the corresponding electrolysis modules. In practical applications, the hydrogen supply control device 200 may be implemented by a PLC or an FPGA. The related module switching can be realized by adopting a relay or a multiplexer.
To sum up, the hydrogen energy management system in this embodiment aims at the problems of single power supply and small hydrogen supply adjustment range of the existing hydrogen production system, the power supply control device is used for mainly using renewable energy sources, stored energy power and conventional power (natural gas power and coal power) are used as power sources, the power supply mode can be flexibly adjusted, then requirements on the hydrogen amount are combined, the advantages and disadvantages of three main flow electrolytic tanks are considered, three tanks of AEL, PEM and SPE are flexibly combined through the hydrogen supply control device, the PEM is used at the initial stage of starting and at the small flow, the instantaneous hydrogen supply capability is provided, the hydrogen demand is increased, the AEL and PEM simultaneously operate when the electrolytic tanks are switched, the SPE is started when external waste heat exists, multiple modes such as electricity consumption reduction are realized, random power and heat (photovoltaic power, wind power, stored energy power, natural gas power, coal power and waste heat) can be realized, the hydrogen amount can be large and small (full-range adjustment) and meanwhile the electricity consumption of the hydrogen production system can be lowest.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, it is within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A hydrogen energy management system for a hydrogen plant, comprising:
The power supply control device is configured to be connected with any one of renewable energy sources, energy storage electricity, natural gas electricity and coal electricity, and is used for combining any power source according to different working time periods to output stable power to the hydrogen production equipment; the renewable energy sources comprise photovoltaic electricity and wind electricity, and the stored energy electricity is a battery;
The hydrogen supply control device is configured to be connected to any one of the electrolytic tanks AEL, PEM, SPE, and is used for combining any electrolytic tank according to the requirements of hydrogen production equipment on hydrogen yield and hydrogen production efficiency, controlling the operation of a target electrolytic tank and realizing full-range adjustment of hydrogen output;
In the weak illumination period, the power supply control device adopts energy storage electricity to supply power to the hydrogen production equipment;
in the period of sufficient illumination, the power supply control device adopts renewable energy sources to supply power to the hydrogen production equipment;
When the power supply of the stored energy and the renewable energy source is interrupted, the power supply control device adopts natural gas power or coal power to supply power to the hydrogen production equipment;
in the initial stage of hydrogen supply, the hydrogen supply control device adopts a PEM electrolytic tank to produce hydrogen and instantaneously supply hydrogen;
In the hydrogen demand increasing stage, the hydrogen supply control device adopts a PEM electrolytic tank and an AEL electrolytic tank to produce hydrogen simultaneously;
After the waste heat is generated by the hydrogen production equipment, the hydrogen supply control device utilizes the waste heat, and the SPE electrolytic tank is used for producing hydrogen, so that the power consumption is reduced.
2. The hydrogen energy management system of claim 1 wherein the power supply control means comprises a first power supply module, a second power supply module, and a third power supply module;
The first power supply module is mainly used for storing energy and is used for supplying power to hydrogen production equipment in weak illumination period;
the second power supply module is mainly renewable energy and is used for supplying power to hydrogen production equipment in a sufficient illumination period;
the third power supply module is mainly powered by natural gas or coal and is used for supplying power to the hydrogen production equipment in the interruption period of the first power supply module and the second power supply module.
3. The hydrogen energy management system of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen supply control means comprises an AEL electrolysis module, a PEM electrolysis module, an SPE electrolysis module, and a control module;
the control module is used for responding to the requirement of hydrogen yield, and selecting an optimal electrolysis module or a combination of electrolysis modules meeting the requirement of hydrogen yield according to the adjustment range of the hydrogen yield of the AEL electrolysis module, the PEM electrolysis module and the SPE electrolysis module to produce hydrogen.
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