CN115084580A - Renewable energy in-situ energy storage system and method based on reversible solid oxide battery - Google Patents
Renewable energy in-situ energy storage system and method based on reversible solid oxide battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
Abstract
The system comprises a renewable energy power generation system, a lithium battery module, a reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (RSOC) and a gas storage tank; when the renewable energy is excessive, the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem operates in an electrolysis (SOEC) mode, and high-temperature steam is converted into hydrogen and oxygen in the solid oxide battery and is respectively stored in a gas storage tank; when the renewable energy is in shortage, the electric energy is supplemented by two modes, the first mode is that the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem operates in a fuel cell mode to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into the electric energy, and the second mode is that the lithium battery module discharges. The method and the device can reduce the deviation between the actual output and the planned output of the renewable energy power generation system caused by the fluctuation, the intermittence and the uncertainty of the renewable energy, and can reduce the peak shaving cost paid by the renewable energy power generation system for other peak shaving power sources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of renewable energy in-situ energy storage, and particularly relates to a renewable energy in-situ energy storage system based on a reversible solid oxide battery; specifically, when the power generation amount of renewable energy is excessive, the electric energy is converted into hydrogen for storage by using a fuel cell mode (SOFC) of a reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (RSOC); the stored hydrogen is converted to electric energy to be on-line by utilizing an electrolysis mode (SOEC) of a reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (RSOC) when the power generation of the renewable energy is insufficient.
Background
To cope with the fossil energy crisis and climate warming, the world's national power grids seek a higher proportion of renewable energy access. The european union published a low-carbon economic route map in 2011, and plans to gradually increase the consumption proportion of renewable energy. The UK national grid also proposed a "UK Gone Green" development plan, determining the position of renewable energy in the UK energy structure in 2050. In recent years, the energy structure of China is greatly adjusted, and the proportion of renewable energy in the energy structure is increasing, so that the renewable energy is the biggest renewable energy producing country and the consuming country in the world. Meanwhile, as renewable energy power generation is influenced by natural conditions, output has fluctuation and uncertainty, and a power grid needs to frequently schedule a traditional unit to keep power supply and demand balance when large-scale renewable energy power generation is connected to a grid, the renewable energy waste is serious, and energy storage is considered as the most effective mode for consuming renewable energy to achieve supply and demand balance. The energy storage modes commonly used in the current power grid are as follows: pumped storage, compressed air storage, flywheel storage, storage battery storage and superconducting storageAnd power to gas (P2G) technologies, among others. The P2G technology has high energy conversion efficiency, unlimited geographical position and nearly zero pollution, and can continuously convert new energy into H as long as the electrolysis operation is maintained 2 The storage and utilization are the emerging technologies most hopeful for realizing large-scale renewable energy consumption.
Among the various electrolytic devices, a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (RSOC) has been spotlighted because it has both extremely high electrolysis and power generation performances. The Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (RSOC) can operate in both directions, and can convert chemical energy of fuel into electric energy when operating in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) mode; electrical energy is converted to fuel chemical energy storage while operating in Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell (SOEC) mode. The RSOC has an all-solid-state structure, is used as a cogeneration power station, an emergency standby power supply, a distributed power supply and the like in a low-carbon energy system, and has good application prospects. Due to the high temperature operating environment, RSOC can consume electrolysis H when operating in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) mode 2 Natural gas and even various hydrocarbon fuels, and has wide adaptability. When the cell is operated in a Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell (SOEC) mode, CO can be further combined 2 Capture device (CO2 capture)&storage, CCS), by "co-electrolysis" to synthesize artificial natural gas (SNG), achieve efficient conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy.
Besides, the application of RSOC in energy systems has the following advantages:
1) has the functions of electrolysis and power generation, and reduces the equipment investment cost and the system complexity.
2) The RSOC power station is formed by assembling a plurality of sub-electric piles, has strong system expansibility, has rated power of several kilowatts to dozens of megawatts, and can be applied to energy systems with different scales.
3) The working temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the exhaust temperature is usually over 600 ℃. The high-grade waste heat can be utilized for cogeneration, so that the energy gradient utilization is realized, and the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved.
4) The power generation and the electrolysis are alternately carried out, and the problem of carbon deposition caused by the hydrocarbon fuel power generation of the fuel cell can be automatically solved from the operation mode.
5) The RSOC can operate in a hot standby mode, consume a small amount of hydrogen or electrical energy to maintain the temperature of the stack, and achieve a fast start.
The prior art currently provides some solutions to the above problems and characteristics. The invention patent CN109004665A published in 2018, 12, month and 14 relates to a wind power and light ionization/grid-connected hydrogen production method and system, on the premise of meeting the power grid requirements, hydrogen is produced by utilizing redundant electric energy of a power grid, and when the power of the redundant electric energy of the power grid is too low, the electric energy of an energy storage unit is released and supplemented for hydrogen production, so that the input power of a hydrogen production device is smooth and stable. Although the invention proposes that the hydrogen plant comprises a solid oxide electrolysis cell, the reversible nature of the solid oxide cell is not exploited and the hydrogen produced by electrolysis cannot be exploited in situ.
The invention patent CN109234753A published in 2019, 1 month and 18 days relates to a solar energy, wind energy and hydrogen energy complementary power generation system, wherein a wind power generation device and a solar power generation device convert light energy and wind energy into electric energy, the electric energy is transmitted to a device needing electricity in the follow-up process, an electrolytic water device electrolyzes water into hydrogen and oxygen, a gas separation device separates the hydrogen from the oxygen, stores the hydrogen in an organic liquid hydrogen storage material, and transmits the hydrogen to a hydrogen energy power generation system to be used as a fuel of a hydrogen internal combustion engine or a fuel cell. The invention does not specify the types of the electrolysis device and the fuel cell, and the water electrolysis device and the power generation device are independent devices, so that the bidirectional conversion of electric energy and fuel chemical energy cannot be realized on one device.
An invention patent CN101841277A published in 9/22/2010 relates to a renewable energy storage and hydrogen storage comprehensive power generation system, wherein power generated by the renewable energy power generation system is made into hydrogen through a medium-high pressure water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the hydrogen is directly stored in a metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen is provided for a fuel cell power generation system to serve as fuel. The hydrogen production and power generation device of the invention is a medium-high pressure water electrolysis device and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, but not a reversible solid oxide cell, and simultaneously the system uses metal hydride as a hydrogen storage device, but at present, the metal hydrogen storage is unstable and has poor controllability, and the commercial stage is not reached yet.
A utility model patent CN2893940Y published in 25.4.2007, which relates to a power generation device coupling renewable energy and a fuel cell, wherein the power generated by the renewable energy power generation system is made into hydrogen by a hydrogen production system by water electrolysis, and the hydrogen is provided to the fuel cell power generation system as fuel. The hydrogen production and power generation device is a medium-high pressure water electrolysis device and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, but not a reversible solid oxide cell, and meanwhile, the hydrogen production and power generation device does not use an electric energy storage device and cannot directly store and release electric energy by a lithium battery.
An invention patent CN105429173A published in 2016 (3, 23) relates to a distributed energy system based on fuel cells and wind energy, when wind resources are sufficient, blades of a wind power generation system rotate at a high speed under the action of wind power, and the wind energy is converted into electric energy through a motor to directly supply power in the peak period of power utilization; the motor is simultaneously connected to a plurality of parallel electrolytic tanks, electric energy is used for electrolyzing water in an electricity utilization valley, and hydrogen and oxygen generated by electrolyzing water are compressed and then respectively stored; when wind power resources are deficient, the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank provide hydrogen and oxygen for the fuel cell to generate electricity; hot water generated by the fuel cell flows back to the electrolytic cell, and hot air generated by heat exchange in the fuel cell can heat the blades by replacing a traditional electric heating device when the fuel cell works, so that the blades are prevented from being frozen. The hydrogen production device and the power generation device are independent devices, so that bidirectional conversion of electric energy and fuel chemical energy cannot be realized on one device, and meanwhile, the system does not use an electric energy storage device and cannot directly store and release electric energy by a lithium battery.
An invention patent CN108511776A published in 2018, 9, 7 and relates to a power generation and hydrogen production integrated power system based on proton exchange membrane application, which can combine hydrogen and oxygen in the air to generate power to drive a motor, and can electrolyze water to produce hydrogen under the assistance of an external power supply, so that the problem of serious construction lag of the existing hydrogen station is solved, the integration level is high, only water and oxygen are generated during operation, and water can be recycled to realize zero emission and zero pollution. The hydrogen production device and the power generation device used in the invention are a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis device and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, but not a reversible solid oxide cell, and can not realize bidirectional conversion of electric energy and fuel chemical energy on one device.
The Zhang Yu lemon adopts an optimization method based on system decomposition in a Reversible solid oxide cell stack based power-to-x-to-power system, and under various conditions that the wind power permeability is 150%/200%/250% and the strong/weak interaction with the chemical market is carried out, the Economic feasibility of a Reversible solid oxide cell-based bidirectional power plant for assisting a wind power plant to provide reliable power supply is evaluated. The results show that hydrogen is the most economically potential route in situations where interaction with the chemical market is frequent, especially at high permeability (200,250%) of wind power generation. When the chemicals produced are not sold to the market, both routes are more economically viable due to the low cost of storing the syngas and methane on site and the high cycle efficiency.
Due to the characteristics of volatility, intermittence and the like of renewable energy sources, the prior art cannot break through the technical bottleneck that a renewable energy source power generation system continuously and reliably provides electric energy for a power grid, and the power grid needs to be continuously scheduled to achieve supply and demand balance. Most of the prior art schemes do not adopt reversible solid oxide batteries, and can not realize bidirectional conversion of electric energy and chemical energy on the same equipment. And the prior art scheme does not propose a hot standby mode of the reversible solid oxide cell so that quick start cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a renewable energy in-situ energy storage system based on a reversible solid oxide battery, which comprises but is not limited to a renewable energy power generation system, a lithium battery module, a Reversible Solid Oxide (RSOC) system, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, and the technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a renewable energy is energy storage system on spot based on reversible solid oxide battery, includes renewable energy power generation system, lithium cell, reversible solid oxide battery subsystem that are connected with the electric wire netting input, its characterized in that: the renewable energy power generation system, the lithium battery module and the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem are sequentially connected, and meanwhile, the output end of the renewable energy power generation system is connected with the input end of the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem; and the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem is connected with the oxygen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank through a gas transmission pipeline.
Preferably: renewable energy sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal and biological energy.
Preferably: the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) has three operation modes, namely an SOFC mode, an SOEC mode and a thermal standby mode; in the SOFC mode, oxygen is introduced into a cathode to serve as an oxidant, hydrogen is introduced into an anode to be oxidized, and electrochemical potential is generated between battery electrodes so as to output electric energy; in the SOEC mode, the cell electrolyzes high temperature water vapor driven by an external potential to generate oxygen and hydrogen at the anode and cathode, respectively; the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem consumes a small amount of hydrogen or electric energy to maintain the temperature of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem in the hot standby mode.
Preferably: the thermal standby mode of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) comprises three modes of operation: the first mode is as follows: a small amount of electric energy is consumed, a small amount of hydrogen is generated, and enough heat is generated to make up for the heat loss of the cell stack, so that the cell stack is maintained at the temperature of over 600 ℃; the second mode is as follows: a small amount of hydrogen needs to be consumed while keeping the blower running and generating heat to maintain the temperature of the cell stack above 600 ℃; the third mode is as follows: a small amount of both hydrogen and electrical energy is required to produce the required heat to maintain the stack above 600 c.
Preferably: the operation strategy when the renewable energy on-site energy storage system is in renewable energy shortage is as follows: the electric energy is supplemented by two modes: the first is a fuel cell mode of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) to convert fuel chemical energy into electrical energy; the other is the discharge of the lithium battery module; wherein the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) operating in a fuel cell mode (SOFC) converts oxygen and hydrogen introduced into the oxygen tank (5) and the hydrogen tank (6) into water vapor and outputs electric energy.
Preferably: when the renewable energy local energy storage system generates excessive electricity, the operation strategy is as follows: surplus electric energy generated by the renewable energy power generation system (2) is converted into fuel chemical energy by the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4) to be stored, or is stored in the form of chemical energy by the lithium battery module (3). The reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) is operated in an electrolysis mode (SOEC) and the high temperature steam is converted into oxygen and hydrogen in the reversible solid oxide cell, which are stored in an oxygen tank (5) and a hydrogen tank (6), respectively.
Preferably: the operation strategy of the renewable energy on-site energy storage system when the generated energy of the renewable energy just meets the power grid requirement or the reversible solid oxide fuel cell is uneconomical to operate is as follows: selecting an operation mode of the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4) according to the prediction of the renewable energy, and if the renewable energy is predicted to just meet the power grid requirement in a long time, turning off the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4); if the renewable energy source is predicted to be in shortage or surplus in a short time, the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4) can be operated in a hot standby mode, and one operation with the best economical efficiency can be selected from three operation modes.
The invention discloses a method for operating a renewable energy in-situ energy storage system based on a reversible solid oxide battery, which comprises the following steps: the method includes (1) the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem has three modes, namely, SOFC mode, SOEC mode, and hot standby mode; (2) three modes of operation of the thermal standby mode of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem; (3) operating strategies in the event of renewable energy shortages; (4) an operation strategy when the generated energy of the renewable energy is excessive; (5) the renewable energy power generation amount just meets the power grid requirement or the operation strategy when the reversible solid oxide fuel cell is not economical to operate.
The invention also discloses a method for operating the renewable energy on-site energy storage system based on the reversible solid oxide battery, which is applied to a renewable energy power generation system.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the renewable energy power generation system, the lithium battery energy storage and the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem hydrogen storage technology are coupled and integrated to realize the in-situ energy storage of the reversible solid oxide battery in the renewable energy power generation system, and the reversible solid oxide battery energy storage system has the following characteristics:
(1) the lithium battery is arranged, can store a large amount of electric energy, and releases the electric energy to equipment such as a solid oxide electrolytic cell, an electric steam generator, an electric heater and the like when renewable energy sources are in shortage, so that the requirement of hydrogen production through electrolysis is met.
(2) Compared with the scheme of a fuel cell and an electrolytic cell which are separated, the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem can realize bidirectional conversion of chemical energy and electric energy on one device, and can realize quick start when the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem operates in the hot standby mode.
(3) Compared with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell/electrolytic cell, the reversible solid oxide cell has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, no use of expensive platinum catalyst and the like, and has wide fuel adaptability in the SOFC mode, and can realize co-electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water in the SOEC mode.
(4) Compared with the scheme of a separated fuel cell and an electrolytic cell, the reversible solid oxide cell has longer running time, has great advantages in the aspects of equipment investment cost and system operation complexity, and contributes to cost recovery and profit of enterprises.
(5) The invention adopts various operation strategies, can meet various conditions of shortage, surplus and the like of the generated energy of the renewable energy source, reduces the phenomenon that the actual output is inconsistent with the planned output due to the volatility, the intermittence and the uncertainty of the renewable energy source, simultaneously reduces the peak shaving cost paid by the renewable energy source power generation system for other peak shaving power sources, realizes the low-cost energy storage of the renewable energy source power generation system, has strong system expansibility, and is suitable for the renewable energy source energy storage systems with different capacities.
(6) The reversible solid oxide battery subsystem in the hot standby mode can consume a small amount of electric energy or hydrogen to generate heat to make up for the heat loss of the battery, maintain the temperature of the electric pile above 600 ℃, and can realize quick start in a short time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the application of a reversible solid oxide cell as a renewable energy source for on-site energy storage.
In the figure: the system comprises a power grid 1, a renewable energy power generation system 2, a lithium battery 3, a reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4, an oxygen storage tank 5 and a hydrogen storage tank 6.
Detailed Description
The invention provides application of a reversible solid oxide battery as renewable energy source for on-site energy storage, which is described below by combining with a drawing.
The renewable energy in-situ energy storage system based on the reversible solid oxide battery shown in fig. 1 comprises a renewable energy power generation system 2 connected with an input end of a power grid 1, a lithium battery 3 and a reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4, and is characterized in that: the renewable energy power generation system 2, the lithium battery 3 and the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 are sequentially connected, and meanwhile, the output end of the renewable energy power generation system 2 is connected with the input ends of the lithium battery 3 and the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4; the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 is connected with an oxygen storage tank 5 and a hydrogen storage tank 6 through gas transmission pipelines.
The reversible solid oxide cell consists of a porous anode, a porous cathode, a dense electrolyte layer and a support. The reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 can operate bi-directionally, converting fuel chemical energy to electrical energy in a fuel cell (SOFC) mode, and storing electrical energy as fuel chemical energy in an electrolysis mode (SOEC). In a fuel cell (SOFC) mode, air or oxygen is introduced into a cathode to serve as an oxidant, fuel gas or hydrogen is introduced into an anode to be oxidized, free electrons pass through an external circuit under the action of electrochemical potential to drive a load to do work to the outside and are conducted to an air electrode to participate in reduction reaction of the oxygen. The reaction equation is as follows: cathode: 0.5O 2 +2e - →O 2- Anode: o is 2- +H 2 →H 2 O+2e - And the reverse is true in the electrolysis mode.
The lithium battery 3 is made of LiCoO 2 The lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a graphite negative electrode, a diaphragm and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be used for lithium ion insertion and extraction. When the lithium battery 3 discharges, lithium ions are extracted from the negative electrode material under the action of an electric field, pass through the diaphragm, move to the positive electrode and are converged with electrons to form LiCoO 2 The reaction equation of the compound and the discharge process is as follows: and (3) positive electrode: li 1-x CoO 2 +xLi + +xe - →LiCoO 2 And, negative electrode: li x C→xLi + +C+xe - And the charging process is vice versa.
The reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 has three modes, namely SOFC mode, SOEC mode and hot standby mode. The reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 can convert hydrogen and oxygen into water vapor and output electric energy in the SOFC mode; the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 in SOEC mode consumes electrical energy and converts high temperature water vapor to hydrogen and oxygen for storage. The reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 consumes a small amount of hydrogen or electrical energy to generate heat to maintain its temperature in the hot standby mode.
There are three modes of operation of the thermal standby mode of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4: the first method requires consuming a small amount of electrical energy while generating a small amount of hydrogen and generating enough heat to make up for the stack heat loss to maintain the stack above 600 c. The second method requires the consumption of a small amount of hydrogen while keeping the blower running and generating heat to maintain the stack temperature above 600 c. The third method requires the simultaneous consumption of small amounts of hydrogen and electrical energy to produce the required heat to maintain the stack above 600 c.
The operation strategy of the system in the case of renewable energy shortage is as follows: the electrical energy is supplemented by two means, the first is the fuel cell mode (SOFC) of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 that converts the fuel chemical energy into electrical energy, and the other is the lithium battery 3 that discharges, or by both. At the moment, the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 operates in a fuel cell (SOFC) mode, and oxygen and hydrogen in the oxygen storage tank 5 and the hydrogen storage tank 6 are respectively introduced into the cathode and the anode of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 and finally converted into water vapor.
The operation strategy of the system when the power generation amount of the renewable energy source is excessive is as follows: converting the surplus electric energy generated by the renewable energy power generation system 2 into fuel chemical energy by the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 for storage in an economically optimal manner, or storing the surplus electric energy in the form of chemical energy by the lithium battery 3; at this time, the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 operates in an electrolysis mode (SOEC), and the high-temperature steam is converted into oxygen and hydrogen in the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4, and the oxygen and the hydrogen are stored in the gas storage tank and stored in the oxygen storage tank 5 and the hydrogen storage tank 6 respectively.
The operation strategy of the system when the power generation amount of renewable energy sources just meets the requirement of the power grid 1 or the reversible solid oxide fuel cell subsystem 4 is uneconomical to operate is as follows: selecting an operation mode of the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 according to the prediction of the renewable energy, and if the renewable energy is predicted to just meet the power grid requirement in a long time, turning off the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4; if it is predicted that renewable energy will be in short supply or surplus in a short time, the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 can be operated in a hot standby mode and the most economical one of the three methods can be selected to maintain the stack temperature with a small amount of electric energy supplied by the renewable energy power generation system 2 and the lithium battery 3 or with a small amount of oxygen and hydrogen supplied by the oxygen tank 5 and the hydrogen tank 6.
The invention is provided with the lithium battery 3, the lithium battery 3 can store a large amount of electric energy and release the electric energy to the devices such as the electric steam generator, the electric heater and the like in the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 when the renewable energy is in shortage, the requirement of hydrogen production by electrolysis is met, and meanwhile, compared with the energy storage of a pure lithium battery, the cost of the reversible solid oxide battery is lower; compared with the scheme of a separated fuel cell and an electrolytic cell, the reversible solid oxide cell can realize the bidirectional conversion of chemical energy and electric energy on one device, and can realize quick start when running in a hot standby mode; compared with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell/an electrolytic cell, the reversible solid oxide cell has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, no use of expensive platinum catalyst and the like, has wide fuel adaptability in an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) mode, and can realize co-electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water in an SOEC (electrolytic solution electrode) mode; compared with the scheme of a separated fuel cell and an electrolytic cell, the reversible solid oxide battery has longer running time, has great advantages in the aspects of equipment investment cost and system running complexity, and is beneficial to cost recovery and profit of enterprises; in conclusion, the method can reduce the phenomenon that the actual output is inconsistent with the planned output due to the fluctuation, intermittence and uncertainty of the renewable energy, and can also reduce the peak shaving cost paid by the renewable energy power generation system for other peak shaving power sources.
Examples
Taking a 150MW installed wind power plant as an example, the annual maximum power shortage is 114MW and the maximum power surplus is 127 MW. The reversible solid oxide cell subsystem had an energy conversion efficiency of 47.8% when operated in the fuel cell mode and 73.8% when operated in the electrolysis mode. The total oxygen storage amount of the oxygen storage tank is 53648kg, and the pressure is 80 bar. The total hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank was 6760kg, and the pressure was 200 bar.
In the case of renewable energy shortage, that is, when the actual power generation amount is smaller than the planned power generation amount, the electric energy is cooperatively supplemented by the lithium battery 3 and the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4, and at this time, the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 operates in a fuel cell mode: the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas stored in the hydrogen tank 6 and the oxygen tank 5 are introduced into the anode and the cathode of the battery, respectively. The free electrons pass through an external circuit under the action of electrochemical potential, so that the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into electric energy to be output. The energy storage capacity of the lithium battery 3 is 153MWh, the maximum output power of the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 is 15.3MW, and the system can supplement 17% of electric energy shortage all the year round.
When the renewable energy power generation amount is excessive, namely the actual power generation amount is larger than the planned power generation amount, the excessive electric energy is converted into fuel chemical energy by the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 to be stored, or is stored by the lithium battery 3, at the moment, the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 operates in an electrolysis mode, and high-temperature water vapor enters the reversible solid oxide battery to be converted into oxygen and hydrogen and is stored in the oxygen storage tank 5 and the hydrogen storage tank 6. The reversible solid oxide battery subsystem 4 has a maximum input power of 15.3MW, and the system can store 57% of electric energy surplus all the year round.
When the power generation amount of the renewable energy source just meets the power grid requirement or the operation of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell is not economical, the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 operates in a hot standby mode to maintain the temperature of the electric pile above 600 ℃. In the first mode of operation, the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 consumes 20kW of electrical energy and 7kg/h of water vapor to maintain stack temperature, while producing hydrogen in an amount of 0.3 kg/h. In the second mode of operation, the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 consumes 0.2kg/h hydrogen and 5kg/h steam to maintain stack temperature. In the third mode of operation, the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem 4 consumes 0.06kg/h of hydrogen, 2.5kW of electrical energy, and 7kg/h of water vapor to maintain stack temperature.
The invention provides three operation modes of a reversible solid oxide battery subsystem and three operation strategies corresponding to the system to relieve the phenomenon that the actual generated energy and the planned generated energy of a renewable energy power generation system are inconsistent due to volatility, intermittence and uncertainty. Compared with other energy storage systems, the invention can realize bidirectional conversion of chemical energy and electric energy on one device, has longer operation time and higher utilization rate, has great advantages in the aspects of equipment investment cost and system operation complexity, and shows and describes the basic principle and the main characteristics of the invention and the advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a renewable energy is energy storage system on spot based on reversible solid oxide battery, includes renewable energy power generation system (2) be connected with electric wire netting (1) input, lithium cell module (3), reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4), its characterized in that: the renewable energy power generation system (2), the lithium battery module (3) and the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4) are sequentially connected; meanwhile, the output end of the renewable energy power generation system (2) is connected with the input end of the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4); and the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4) is connected with the oxygen storage tank (5) and the hydrogen storage tank (6) through gas transmission pipelines.
2. The reversible solid oxide cell-based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: renewable energy sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal and biological energy.
3. The reversible solid oxide cell-based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) has three operation modes, namely an SOFC mode, an SOEC mode and a thermal standby mode; in the SOFC mode, oxygen is introduced into a cathode to serve as an oxidant, hydrogen is introduced into an anode to be oxidized, and electrochemical potential is generated between battery electrodes so as to output electric energy; in the SOEC mode, the cell electrolyzes high temperature water vapor driven by an external potential to generate oxygen and hydrogen at the anode and cathode, respectively; the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem consumes a small amount of hydrogen or electric energy to maintain the temperature of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem in the hot standby mode.
4. The reversible solid oxide cell-based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system according to claim 3, wherein: the thermal standby mode of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) comprises three modes of operation: the first mode is as follows: a small amount of electric energy is consumed, a small amount of hydrogen is generated, and enough heat is generated to make up for the heat loss of the cell stack, so that the cell stack is maintained at the temperature of over 600 ℃; the second mode is as follows: a small amount of hydrogen needs to be consumed while keeping the blower running and generating heat to maintain the temperature of the cell stack above 600 ℃; the third mode is as follows: a small amount of both hydrogen and electrical energy is required to produce the required heat to maintain the stack above 600 c.
5. The reversible solid oxide cell-based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the operation strategy when the renewable energy on-site energy storage system is in renewable energy shortage is as follows: the electric energy is supplemented by two modes: the first is a fuel cell mode of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) to convert fuel chemical energy into electrical energy; the other is the discharge of the lithium battery module; wherein the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) operating in a fuel cell mode (SOFC) converts oxygen and hydrogen introduced into the oxygen tank (5) and the hydrogen tank (6) into water vapor and outputs electric energy.
6. The reversible solid oxide cell-based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the operating strategy when the renewable energy in-situ energy storage system generates excessive renewable energy is: surplus electric energy generated by the renewable energy power generation system (2) is converted into fuel chemical energy by the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4) to be stored, or is stored in the form of chemical energy by the lithium battery module (3). The reversible solid oxide cell subsystem (4) is operated in an electrolysis mode (SOEC) and the high temperature steam is converted into oxygen and hydrogen in the reversible solid oxide cell, which are stored in an oxygen tank (5) and a hydrogen tank (6), respectively.
7. The reversible solid oxide cell-based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system according to claim 4, wherein the operation strategy of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell in the case that the renewable energy power generation just meets the grid requirement or the reversible solid oxide fuel cell is uneconomical is as follows: selecting an operation mode of the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4) according to the prediction of the renewable energy, and if the renewable energy is predicted to just meet the power grid requirement in a long time, turning off the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4); if the renewable energy source is predicted to be in shortage or surplus in a short time, the reversible solid oxide battery subsystem (4) can be operated in a hot standby mode, and one operation with the best economical efficiency can be selected from three operation modes.
8. A method for operating a reversible solid oxide cell based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system, comprising the reversible solid oxide cell based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system of any of claim 1, characterized in that: the method includes (1) the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem has three modes, namely, SOFC mode, SOEC mode, and hot standby mode; (2) three modes of operation of the thermal standby mode of the reversible solid oxide cell subsystem; (3) operating strategies in the event of renewable energy shortages; (4) the operation strategy when the renewable energy power generation is excessive; (5) the renewable energy power generation amount just meets the power grid requirement or the operation strategy when the reversible solid oxide fuel cell is not economical to operate.
9. The reversible solid oxide cell-based renewable energy in-situ energy storage system operation method of claim 8 is applied to a renewable energy power generation system.
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| CN116505042A (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2023-07-28 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | Hydrogen production device and fuel cell coupled hydrogen production power generation system |
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| CN116505042A (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2023-07-28 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | Hydrogen production device and fuel cell coupled hydrogen production power generation system |
| CN116505042B (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2024-01-26 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | Hydrogen production device and fuel cell coupled hydrogen production power generation system |
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