CN115637455A - Proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation and energy supply - Google Patents
Proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation and energy supply Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on a solar power generation function, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the system comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production module, a fuel cell stack module and an NFB management control module; the energy is supplied to a PEM hydrogen production system by solar power generation, and the hydrogen production system supplies hydrogen raw materials which are finally supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell stack for reaction, so that the conversion from solar energy to hydrogen energy and the conversion from the hydrogen energy to electric energy are realized. The device can realize a full-automatic process, has the characteristics of cleanness, no pollution, high efficiency, storage, transportation and the like, can solve the problems of the defects of other energy sources such as intermittence, regionality and the like, and provides certain technical support and development space guidance for the conversion of solar energy and hydrogen energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of industrial hydrogen production, and particularly relates to a proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation and energy supply.
Background
The hydrogen energy is used as a feasible technical route for promoting the transformation of global energy, gradually becomes a hot topic in the world energy field, as early as 1966, the U.S. general company tests a hydrogen fuel cell automobile which is planned and developed for the United states lunar climbing for 10 months, and with the development of technology in the nineties of 20 th century, the research of the hydrogen fuel automobile is transformed into the civil field in a large scale;
most hydrogen elements on the earth exist in a compound form, so that hydrogen in an elemental form needs to be obtained through a chemical or physical process, and the mature hydrogen production means at present mainly comprise fossil energy reforming hydrogen production, industrial byproduct hydrogen production and water electrolysis hydrogen production; wherein the hydrogen production by fossil energy is to obtain hydrogen by cracking coal or natural gas, commonly called 'blue hydrogen'; the industrial byproduct hydrogen production is to purify byproducts in industries such as coke, soda ash and the like to obtain hydrogen, which is commonly called as ash hydrogen; in essence, the raw materials of the two are still derived from the traditional fossil fuel, although the carbon emission generated in the hydrogen production process of the fossil energy can be effectively reduced through the carbon capture and sequestration technology, the real zero carbon emission can be realized only by 'green hydrogen' prepared by electrolyzing water by using renewable energy in the long term;
however, the development of the water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is not mature and has some problems, such as: the power supply for hydrogen production by water electrolysis has high current density, high energy consumption and high overall cost; the electric energy source of the electrolytic hydrogen is still provided by commercial power, the generation of the commercial power still depends on fuel resources such as coal and the like mostly at present, and a small part of the electric energy source is wind energy and water energy; therefore, the method is not completely pure low-carbon green hydrogen in indirect relation, and the hydrogen is produced by using the commercial power to provide electrolytic energy, so that the method is limited by regions and electric energy stability, can be realized only in regions with sufficient and stable power supply, and cannot be realized in remote regions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention designs a proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation energy supply, which obtains current density with smaller fluctuation by coupling solar power generation parameters with a PEM electrolytic tank, and solves the problems of energy consumption, cost and the like. An NFB (negative feedback) control management system is designed to achieve the aim of automatic adjustment of stable operation of the system and implement stronger operation management capability;
in order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation function is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production module, a fuel cell stack module and an NFB management control module; after a solar photovoltaic power generation panel in the solar photovoltaic power generation module absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into electric energy, a part of current is supplied to a load in a direct current mode through an MPPT controller in the module, and the other part of current is stored in a storage battery; the power supply in the storage battery is converted into an electrolysis power supply through a power supply controller and an inverter in the hydrogen production module, under the supply of the electrolysis power supply, distilled water in the water tank is electrolyzed into hydrogen gas in an electrolytic cell and then enters a hydrogen water separator, and the hydrogen gas obtained by electrolysis is pressed into a gas storage tank through a dryer; the redundant hydrogen enters the proton dehydrogenation fuel cell of the fuel cell stack module through a pressure reducing valve in the module to be converted into electric energy, the electric energy is supplied to a load through DC-DC conversion, and meanwhile, water generated in the proton dehydrogenation fuel cell is discharged in the form of water vapor;
preferably, the main structure of the hydrogen production module is composed of an inverter and a PEM electrolytic tank, and is simultaneously provided with a hydrogen water separator, a dryer and a gas storage tank, direct current from the storage battery is converted into alternating current through the inverter and is supplied to the electrolytic tank to electrolyze distilled water into hydrogen, oxygen and residual water, wherein the residual water and the oxygen are directly discharged, and the hydrogen is pressed into the gas storage pipe for storage after passing through the dryer;
preferably, an SPWM processor is arranged in the inverter and used for converting direct current into alternating current, and a filtering device is also arranged and used for boosting the alternating current to obtain sinusoidal alternating current matched with load frequency and rated voltage and used by a system terminal;
preferably, the PEM electrolyser is optimised for proton membranes;
preferably, the fuel cell stack module is provided with a polling device, and the polling device is used for collecting the voltage of the fuel cell and diagnosing and alarming faults;
preferably, a scavenging motor is arranged at an exhaust port of the proton fuel dehydrogenation battery, and can exhaust water vapor generated in the fuel cell stack module;
preferably, the NFB management control module body is composed of a pressure switch and a pressure reducing valve;
preferably, the pressure switch comprises a parameter pressure gauge and intelligent electric driving equipment, the parameter pressure gauge monitors pressure parameters in real time, and alarm is given when the monitored parameters exceed the range; the intelligent electric driving device maintains pressure fluctuation in the hydrogen production and storage processes and feeds pressure data back to the pressure switch;
preferably, the pressure reducing valve is provided with a pressure relief device and a pressure regulating system, and the pressure regulating system comprises a pressure switch and a pressure reducing valve, so that the dynamic balance of the system is ensured, and the system has the automatic regulation capability. The pressure switch device comprises a parameter pressure gauge and intelligent electric driving equipment, and the pressure gauge can provide parameter consideration when in work; the intelligent electric driving device can maintain pressure fluctuation in the hydrogen production and storage processes and feed back data to the pressure switch for protection; the pressure relief equipment can automatically discharge excessive pressure in the hydrogen storage tank to achieve pressure balance; the working pressure is manually adjusted and set through the pressure adjusting system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The equipment of the solar photovoltaic power generation direct coupling PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system is designed, a zero-carbon hydrogen production route of renewable energy power generation hydrogen production is realized, the hydrogen production cost is reduced, and the problem that hydropower, wind power and photoelectricity cannot generate electricity continuously for a long time due to the inherent intermittency and fluctuation of renewable energy (water, wind, light and the like) can be solved;
2) The hydrogen production system adapts to the fluctuation and periodicity of solar photovoltaic power generation through the characteristics of the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system, so that the operating parameters of the two subsystems are matched, and the photovoltaic power generation and the PEM water electrolysis system are coupled by using the inverter to obtain the product hydrogen, thereby simplifying the system;
3) Photovoltaic off-grid power generation system can be automatically regulated under different illumination intensity, and output stable voltage is stored in energy storage system, realizes all can energy supply PEM electrolysis trough (solar energy power generation direct energy supply daytime, power supply by energy storage system evening), reaches 24 hours uninterrupted high efficiency hydrogen production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the solar photovoltaic power generation module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the hydrogen production module configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation of a PEM electrolyzer of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a fuel cell stack module configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the NFB management control module of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a pictorial view of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on a solar power generation function is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production module, a fuel cell stack module and an NFB management control module; after the solar photovoltaic power generation board in the solar photovoltaic power generation module absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into electric energy, a part of current is supplied to a load in a direct current mode through the MPPT controller in the module, and the other part of current is stored in a storage battery; the power supply in the storage battery is converted into an electrolysis power supply through a power supply controller and an inverter in the hydrogen production module, under the supply of the electrolysis power supply, distilled water in the water tank is electrolyzed into hydrogen gas in an electrolytic cell and then enters a hydrogen water separator, and the hydrogen gas obtained by electrolysis is pressed into a gas storage tank through a dryer; the redundant hydrogen enters the proton dehydrogenation fuel cell of the fuel cell stack module through a pressure reducing valve in the module to be converted into electric energy, the electric energy is supplied to a load through DC-DC conversion, and meanwhile, water generated in the proton dehydrogenation fuel cell is discharged in the form of water vapor;
preferably, the main structure of the hydrogen production module is composed of an inverter and a PEM electrolytic tank, and is simultaneously provided with a hydrogen water separator, a dryer and a gas storage tank, direct current from the storage battery is converted into alternating current through the inverter and is supplied to the electrolytic tank to electrolyze distilled water into hydrogen, oxygen and residual water, wherein the residual water and the oxygen are directly discharged, and the hydrogen is pressed into the gas storage pipe for storage after passing through the dryer;
preferably, an SPWM processor is arranged in the inverter and used for converting direct current into alternating current, and a filtering device is also arranged and used for boosting the alternating current to obtain sinusoidal alternating current matched with load frequency and rated voltage and used by a system terminal; the effect can achieve the effects that on one hand, the water can be supplied to the PEM electrolytic tank for electrolyzing water, and on the other hand, the water can be directly supplied to other alternating current loads;
preferably, the PEM electrolyser is optimised for proton membranes; the problem of mass transfer hysteresis of an alkaline electrolytic cell can be solved, the hydrogen production speed is increased, the problem of cross diffusion of gas is obviously improved, hydrogen with higher purity can be obtained, the electrolysis efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, an overpressure protector is designed to ensure that the device can safely work under higher pressure (cathode and anode equal pressure or even differential pressure); due to the wide operating power range and the high electric load response speed of the PEM water electrolysis technology, compared with an alkaline electrolytic cell, the PEM water electrolysis technology is more favorable for matching the intermittent dynamic load of the renewable energy source;
preferably, the fuel cell stack module is provided with an inspection device, and the inspection device is used for collecting the voltage of the fuel cell and diagnosing and alarming faults;
preferably, a scavenging motor is arranged at an exhaust port of the proton fuel dehydrogenation battery, and can exhaust water vapor generated in the fuel cell stack module; the reaction pressure of the battery pile is reduced, and the efficient and safe operation of the pile is guaranteed; the hydrogen fuel galvanic pile directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into the electric energy without burning, the energy conversion rate is as high as 60 percent, the pollution is less, the noise is low, the device can be large or small, the operation is very flexible, and the whole cycle is a process without generating harmful substance emission;
preferably, the NFB management control module body is composed of a pressure switch and a pressure reducing valve;
preferably, the pressure switch comprises a parameter pressure gauge and intelligent electric driving equipment, the parameter pressure gauge monitors pressure parameters in real time, and alarm is given when the monitored parameters exceed the range; the intelligent electric driving device maintains pressure fluctuation in the hydrogen production and storage processes and feeds pressure data back to the pressure switch;
preferably, the pressure reducing valve is provided with a pressure relief device and a pressure regulating system, and the pressure regulating system comprises a pressure switch and a pressure reducing valve, so that the dynamic balance of the system is ensured, and the system has the automatic regulation capability. The pressure switch device comprises a parameter pressure gauge and intelligent electric driving equipment, and the pressure gauge can provide parameter consideration when in work; the intelligent electric driving device can maintain pressure fluctuation in the hydrogen production and storage processes and feed back data to the pressure switch for protection; the pressure relief equipment can automatically discharge excessive pressure in the hydrogen storage tank to achieve pressure balance; the working pressure is manually adjusted and set through the pressure adjusting system.
Example 2
Based on the in-system device assembly and the system building frame of embodiment 1, the invention is composed of four systems: a PEM hydrogen production system, a solar power generation system, a hydrogen fuel cell power supply system and an energy storage system; the PEM water electrolyzer in the PEM hydrogen production system is used for electrolyzing pure water into hydrogen and filtering the hydrogen by the drying tube, the system selects an air-cooled self-humidifying Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and a control system thereof, and comprises a hydrogen storage device, an outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, an energy storage battery, an auxiliary battery, a power module, a heat dissipation device and other components, the energy required by the PEM hydrogen production system is provided by a solar cell and a photovoltaic off-grid power generation device, and the PEM water electrolyzer is provided with a solar charge and discharge controller; the solar power generation system directly supplies energy to the PEM hydrogen production system and a load for use, the generated redundant energy can be stored in a lead-acid storage battery for subsequent load use, and a power supply generated by the system is converted into alternating current through an off-grid inverter and can be directly supplied to the PEM hydrogen production system and the load for use; hydrogen generated by water electrolysis of a PEM electrolytic tank is dried by a drying pipe and then collected by a hydrogen storage tank, an overpressure protector is arranged in the process, the hydrogen enters a hydrogen fuel cell stack through a pipeline, when the stack works, the hydrogen and the oxygen are respectively introduced from inlets, distributed to bipolar plates of single cells through a stack gas main channel, uniformly distributed to electrodes through the diversion of the bipolar plates, and contacted with a catalyst through an electrode support body to perform electrochemical reaction; the chemical energy of the fuel is directly converted into electric energy, and the energy conversion rate can reach 60%; the equipment can be directly put on the market, can produce hydrogen energy automobiles by taking the hydrogen fuel cell as an energy source, can be put into high-end scientific research fields such as aerospace, aviation and the like, and can be widely used in regions with sufficient illumination; the device model is shown in fig. 7.
Example 3
The parameters in the specific implementation were calculated as follows, combining example 1 and example 2:
1) Calculating the solar power generation capacity: the design is provided with a mainstream solar panel of 1.2 square meters, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the adopted crystalline silicon solar cell is 14 percent, namely the maximum electric quantity capable of being generated per square meter is 140W, the average illumination radiation quantity of each square meter is about 1200wh, and the electric energy capable of being generated per hour is 1200 × 1.2 × 14% =201wh;
2) Calculating the energy consumption of the electrolyzed water: the density of hydrogen at 0 ℃ under standard atmospheric pressure was 0.0899g/L according to the chemical equation:
2H2+O2＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝2H2O；ΔH＝-285.8KJ/mol
1mol of hydrogen is completely combusted to generate 1mol (18 g) of liquid water, 285.8KJ energy is released, and the energy required for electrolyzing water to generate hydrogen is equal to the energy released by combusting hydrogen according to the law of energy conservation, so that the energy required for electrolyzing 1kg of water is at least 1000 times (285.8/18) =15878KJ without other energy loss;
3) Calculating the hydrogen amount of the electrolyzed water: according to Faraday's law, the 26.8 A.h charge can generate 0.5mol of hydrogen under the standard state; when the volume of 0.5mol of hydrogen is 11.2L, the hydrogen production V =11.2/26.8= 0.418L/A.h =0.000418m3 with the charge amount of 1 A.h in one electrolysis chamber; the actual hydrogen production per hour per cell, if current efficiency is considered, is:
V＝0.418×10-3mitη(m3)
wherein m is the number of electrolysis cells of the electrolysis bath; i-current, A; t is the power-on time, h; eta-current efficiency,%;
4) Consumption of electric energy: the electric energy consumption W is in direct proportion to the voltage U and the charge quantity, namely W = QU, and the theoretical decomposition voltage of water is 1.23v; according to faraday's law, the theoretical amount of charge per 1m3 of hydrogen produced is Q = (2.68 × 1000)/11.2 =2393a · h under standard conditions, and therefore the theoretical electrical energy consumption is W = QU =2393 × 1.23=2943w · h;
5) Consumption of water for electrolysis: under the standard state, the molar volume of 1mol of hydrogen is 22.4L/mol, and the theoretical dosage of the water for electrolysis can be calculated by an electrochemical equation of the water; under the standard condition, the water theoretically needed for generating 1m < 3 > of hydrogen is xg;
2H2O＝＝＝＝＝＝＝2H2↑+O2↑
2×18g 2×22.4L/mol
x 1000
x =804g was obtained from 44.8x = 36000.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand the invention for and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation function is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production module, a fuel cell stack module and an NFB management control module; after the solar photovoltaic power generation board in the solar photovoltaic power generation module absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into electric energy, a part of current is supplied to a load in a direct current mode through the MPPT controller in the module, and the other part of current is stored in a storage battery; the power supply in the storage battery is converted into an electrolysis power supply through a power supply controller and an inverter in the hydrogen production module, under the supply of the electrolysis power supply, distilled water in the water tank is electrolyzed into hydrogen gas in an electrolytic cell and then enters a hydrogen water separator, and the hydrogen gas obtained by electrolysis is pressed into a gas storage tank through a dryer; the surplus hydrogen enters the proton dehydrogenation fuel cell of the fuel cell stack module through a pressure reducing valve in the module to be converted into electric energy, the electric energy is supplied to a load through DC-DC conversion, and meanwhile, water generated in the proton dehydrogenation fuel cell is discharged in the form of water vapor.
2. The proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on the solar power generation function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main structure of the hydrogen production module is composed of an inverter and a PEM electrolyzer, and is also provided with a hydrogen water separator, a dryer and a gas storage tank, direct current from the storage battery is converted into alternating current through the inverter and is supplied to the electrolyzer to electrolyze distilled water into hydrogen, oxygen and residual water, wherein the residual water and the oxygen are directly discharged, and the hydrogen is pressed into the gas storage pipe for storage after passing through the dryer.
3. The proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on the solar power generation function as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein an SPWM processor is arranged in the inverter to convert direct current into alternating current, and a filtering device is further arranged to boost the alternating current to obtain sinusoidal alternating current matched with load frequency and rated voltage for a system terminal to use.
4. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water through a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) based on a solar power generation function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PEM electrolyzer is optimized for the proton membrane.
5. The proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on the solar power generation function according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell stack module is provided with an inspection device, and the voltage of the fuel cell is collected through the inspection device to diagnose and alarm faults.
6. The proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on the solar power generation function as claimed in claim 1, wherein a scavenging motor is arranged at an exhaust port of the proton fuel dehydrogenation cell, and water vapor generated in the fuel cell stack module can be exhausted.
7. The proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation function according to claim 1, wherein the NFB management control module body is composed of a pressure switch and a pressure reducing valve.
8. The proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on the solar power generation function as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pressure switch comprises a parameter pressure gauge and an intelligent electric driving device, the parameter pressure gauge monitors the pressure parameter in real time, and the monitoring parameter exceeds the range to give an alarm; the intelligent electric driving device maintains pressure fluctuation in the hydrogen production and storage processes and feeds pressure data back to the pressure switch.
9. The proton exchange membrane PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on the solar power generation function as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pressure reducing valve is designed with a pressure relief device and a pressure regulating system, and the pressure regulating system comprises a pressure switch and a pressure reducing valve, so that the system is ensured to be dynamically balanced and has the capability of automatic regulation. The pressure switch device comprises a parameter pressure gauge and intelligent electric driving equipment, and the pressure gauge can provide parameter consideration when in work; the intelligent electric driving device can maintain pressure fluctuation in the hydrogen production and storage processes and feed back data to the pressure switch for protection; the pressure relief equipment can automatically discharge excessive pressure in the hydrogen storage tank to achieve pressure balance; the working pressure is manually adjusted and set through the pressure adjusting system.
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