CN110565108A - A wind and water combined hydrogen production system and hydrogen production method - Google Patents
A wind and water combined hydrogen production system and hydrogen production method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种风光水联合制氢系统及制氢方法，该系统包括风力发电系统、光伏发电系统、水力发电系统、与水力发电系统通过供水系统连接的制氢系统，与风力发电系统、光伏发电系统、水力发电系统和制氢系统连接的控制系统，还包括通过变压器与控制系统连接的电网；风力发电系统通过风能发电，光伏发电系统通过太阳能发电，水力发电系统通过水位落差发电，三个发电系统产生的电能通过控制系统协调配置，电能充足时，通过变压器输送至电网，电能不足时，通过制氢系统制备并储存氢气；保证系统能够稳定、连续的运行。
A combined wind and water hydrogen production system and hydrogen production method, the system includes a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, a hydropower generation system, a hydrogen production system connected to the hydropower generation system through a water supply system, and a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, The control system connected to the hydroelectric power generation system and the hydrogen production system also includes the power grid connected to the control system through a transformer; the wind power generation system generates power through wind energy, the photovoltaic power generation system generates power through solar energy, and the hydropower generation system generates power through water level drop. The three power generation systems generate The electric energy is coordinated and configured through the control system. When the electric energy is sufficient, it is transmitted to the power grid through the transformer. When the electric energy is insufficient, the hydrogen is prepared and stored by the hydrogen production system to ensure the stable and continuous operation of the system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于制氢技术领域，具体涉及到一种风光水联合制氢系统及制氢方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production, and in particular relates to a combined wind and water hydrogen production system and a hydrogen production method.
背景技术Background technique
随着一次性能源的消耗殆尽和环保压力的逐渐增大，人们逐渐将目光转向风电、光伏等可再生能源，但是风光发电系统波动性大、不能够产生稳定的电能，一般在风光互补系统中加入储能或者水电来进行系统的调频或调峰。With the exhaustion of primary energy and the increasing pressure on environmental protection, people gradually turn their attention to wind power, photovoltaic and other renewable energy sources. Add energy storage or hydropower to the system for frequency regulation or peak regulation.
除了可再生电力能源，氢能跟电力一样是将来支撑能源清洁化结构的重要能源之一，它具有清洁和低碳的作用，在使用过程中零排放，只生成水，污染物排放为零，目前主流的制氢方式有天然气制氢、煤炭制氢和工业副产氢，这些方式制氢追溯到上游一次能源仍然是煤和天然气。国内外像电解水这种制氢方式，占比非常有限的，使用可再生能源电解水制氢，既解决了能源的可再生问题，又可将多余的能源转变成氢能循环再利用。In addition to renewable electric energy, hydrogen energy, like electricity, is one of the important energy sources to support the clean energy structure in the future. It has clean and low-carbon effects, zero emissions during use, only water is generated, and zero pollutant emissions. At present, the mainstream hydrogen production methods include natural gas hydrogen production, coal hydrogen production and industrial by-product hydrogen. These methods of hydrogen production can be traced back to the upstream primary energy source is still coal and natural gas. Hydrogen production methods such as electrolysis of water at home and abroad have a very limited proportion. Using renewable energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen not only solves the problem of renewable energy, but also converts excess energy into hydrogen energy for recycling.
目前在一些偏远地区，存在风电、光伏等可再生能源过剩的情况，或者是限电无法送出的情况，可以按照本发明建设一部分风光水联合制氢系统，制备的氢气再利用，避免能源的浪费。At present, in some remote areas, there is a surplus of renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaics, or the situation where electricity is limited and cannot be sent out. A part of the wind and water combined hydrogen production system can be built according to the present invention, and the hydrogen produced can be reused to avoid energy waste. .
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种风光水联合制氢系统及制氢方法，本发明通过风光水系统联合提供持续的、稳定的、清洁的能源，产生的电能用来制备氢气，多余的电量可以送入电网。In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a combined wind and water hydrogen production system and hydrogen production method. The invention provides continuous, stable and clean energy through the combination of wind and water systems, and the generated electric Used to produce hydrogen, excess electricity can be fed into the grid.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种风光水联合制氢系统，包括由风力发电机组、变流器和风力发电控制器依次连接组成的风力发电系统1，由光伏发电单元、逆变器和光伏发电控制器依次连接组成的光伏发电系统2，由水利发电单元和水利发电控制器连接组成的水力发电系统3，与水力发电系统3通过供水系统6连接的制氢系统5，与风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2、水力发电系统3和制氢系统5连接的控制系统4，还包括通过变压器与控制系统4连接的电网8；风力发电系统1通过风能发电，光伏发电系统2通过太阳能发电，水力发电系统3通过水位落差发电，三个发电系统产生的电能通过控制系统4协调配置，电能充足时，通过变压器7输送至电网8，电能不足时，通过制氢系统5制备并储存氢气。A combined wind and water hydrogen production system, including a wind power generation system 1 composed of wind power generators, converters, and wind power generation controllers connected in sequence, and a photovoltaic power generation system 1 composed of photovoltaic power generation units, inverters, and photovoltaic power generation controllers connected in sequence. Power generation system 2, hydroelectric power generation system 3 composed of hydropower generation unit and hydropower generation controller, hydrogen production system 5 connected with hydropower generation system 3 through water supply system 6, wind power generation system 1, photovoltaic power generation system 2, hydropower generation system The control system 4 connected between the system 3 and the hydrogen production system 5 also includes a power grid 8 connected to the control system 4 through a transformer; the wind power generation system 1 generates power through wind energy, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 generates power through solar energy, and the hydropower generation system 3 generates power through water level drop The electric energy generated by the three power generation systems is coordinated and configured through the control system 4. When the electric energy is sufficient, it is transmitted to the grid 8 through the transformer 7. When the electric energy is insufficient, hydrogen is prepared and stored through the hydrogen production system 5.
所述制氢系统5包括电解槽54，设置在电解槽54内的电解棒52，电解槽54顶部的气体出口连通气体净化器55入口，气体净化器55出口连通气体分离器56入口，通气体分离56的氢气出口通过导管57连通储氢罐58，通气体分离56的氧气出口通过导管57连通储氧罐59；电解槽54通过进水管53与供水系统6连接以实现供水；电解棒52通过电解槽54外部的电极51连接控制系统4供电以实现电解水。The hydrogen production system 5 includes an electrolytic cell 54, an electrolytic rod 52 arranged in the electrolytic cell 54, the gas outlet at the top of the electrolytic cell 54 is connected to the inlet of the gas purifier 55, the outlet of the gas purifier 55 is connected to the inlet of the gas separator 56, and the gas outlet is connected to the gas separator 56. The hydrogen outlet of separation 56 communicates with hydrogen storage tank 58 through conduit 57, and the oxygen outlet of ventilation gas separation 56 communicates with oxygen storage tank 59 through conduit 57; Electrolyzer 54 is connected with water supply system 6 by water inlet pipe 53 to realize water supply; The electrodes 51 outside the electrolytic cell 54 are connected to the control system 4 for power supply to realize electrolysis of water.
所述风力发电机系统1的装机容量在10KW及以上，风力发电机组包括水平轴风力发电机与垂直风力发电机，风力发电控制器通过变流器控制风力发电机组的启停。The wind power generator system 1 has an installed capacity of 10KW and above. The wind power generator includes a horizontal axis wind power generator and a vertical wind power generator. The wind power generation controller controls the start and stop of the wind power generator through a converter.
所述光伏发电系统2的装机容量在10KW及以上，逆变器具备MPPT功能，光伏发电控制器通过逆变器光伏发电单元的启停。The photovoltaic power generation system 2 has an installed capacity of 10KW or more, the inverter has the MPPT function, and the photovoltaic power generation controller starts and stops the photovoltaic power generation unit of the inverter.
所述水力发电系统3的装机容量在10KW及以上，水力发电控制器控制水利发电单元的启停。The installed capacity of the hydropower generation system 3 is 10KW or above, and the hydropower generation controller controls the start and stop of the hydropower generation unit.
所述风光水联合制氢系统的制氢方法，风力发电系统1通过风能发电，光伏发电系统2通过太阳能发电，水力发电系统3通过水位落差发电，三个发电系统产生的电能通过控制系统4协调控制，电能充足时，通过变压器7输送至电网8，电能不足时，通过制氢系统5制备并储存氢气；In the hydrogen production method of the combined wind and water hydrogen production system, the wind power generation system 1 generates power through wind energy, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 generates power through solar energy, and the hydropower generation system 3 generates power through water level drop, and the electric energy generated by the three power generation systems is coordinated through the control system 4 Control, when the electric energy is sufficient, it is transmitted to the grid 8 through the transformer 7, and when the electric energy is insufficient, the hydrogen is prepared and stored through the hydrogen production system 5;
制氢系统5的工作过程如下：制氢系统5由控制系统4提供电能通过电极51及电解棒52实现电解水，其中电解槽54内的水源由供水系统6通过进水管53进入电解槽54，电解产生的气体经过气体净化器55实现除湿及净化，随后进入气体分离器56进行分离，分离后的氢气通过导管57储存到储氢罐58中，产生的副产品氧气通过导管57储存到储氧罐59中。The working process of the hydrogen production system 5 is as follows: the hydrogen production system 5 is provided with electric energy by the control system 4 to realize electrolysis of water through the electrode 51 and the electrolysis rod 52, wherein the water source in the electrolysis tank 54 enters the electrolysis tank 54 from the water supply system 6 through the water inlet pipe 53, The gas produced by electrolysis passes through the gas purifier 55 to achieve dehumidification and purification, and then enters the gas separator 56 for separation. The separated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 58 through the conduit 57, and the generated by-product oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank through the conduit 57 59 in.
控制系统4协调控制风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3的发电过程如下：The control system 4 coordinates and controls the power generation process of the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 and the hydropower generation system 3 as follows:
风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3产生的总功率为ΔP，公式如下：The total power generated by wind power generation system 1, photovoltaic power generation system 2 and hydropower generation system 3 is ΔP, and the formula is as follows:
ΔP＝ΔPwind+ΔPsoler+ΔPwater (1)ΔP＝ΔP wind +ΔP soler +ΔP water (1)
其中，ΔPwind为风力发电系统产生的功率，ΔPsoler为光伏发电系统产生的功率，ΔPwater为水力发电系统产生的功率；Among them, ΔP wind is the power generated by the wind power generation system, ΔP soler is the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system, and ΔP water is the power generated by the hydroelectric power generation system;
整个风光水联合制氢系统消耗的总功率为ΔPw，公式如下：The total power consumed by the entire wind-solar-water combined hydrogen production system is ΔP w , the formula is as follows:
ΔPw＝ΔPin+ΔPH (2)ΔP w = ΔP in + ΔP H (2)
其中ΔPin为系统运行、供水系统消耗的功率，ΔPH为制氢过程消耗的功率；Among them, ΔP in is the power consumed by the system operation and water supply system, and ΔP H is the power consumed by the hydrogen production process;
控制过程如下：The control process is as follows:
当时，即风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3的产生的功率大于制氢系统运行功率时，制氢系统额定功率运行，多余的功率通过变压器7送入电网8发电；when , that is, when the power generated by the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 and the hydropower generation system 3 is greater than the operating power of the hydrogen production system, the hydrogen production system operates at a rated power, and the excess power is sent to the power grid 8 for power generation through the transformer 7;
当时，即风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3的产生的功率小于等于制氢系统运行功率时，整个风光水联合制氢系统不并入电网8，风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3产生的功率全部用来制氢。when , that is, when the power generated by wind power generation system 1, photovoltaic power generation system 2, and hydropower generation system 3 is less than or equal to the operating power of the hydrogen production system, the entire combined wind and water combined hydrogen production system is not integrated into the grid 8, and the wind power generation system 1, photovoltaic power generation system The power generated by system 2 and hydropower system 3 is all used for hydrogen production.
和现有技术相比较，本发明具备如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明风力发电、光伏发电、水力发电均为可再生清洁能源，对环境无污染。1. The wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and hydropower generation of the present invention are all renewable and clean energy sources and have no pollution to the environment.
2、光伏发电系统只有白天日照充足才能工作，风力发电达到一定风速才能工作，风光系统联合发电具有一定的互补性，当风能和光伏发电能力不足时，使用水力发电给系统功能，保证系统能够稳定、连续的运行。2. The photovoltaic power generation system can only work when there is sufficient sunlight during the day, and wind power generation can only work when it reaches a certain wind speed. The combined power generation of the wind and solar system has certain complementarity. When the wind power and photovoltaic power generation capacity is insufficient, use hydropower to power the system to ensure the stability of the system , Continuous operation.
3、制氢系统通过系统本身提供电能，不需要从电网购电，节约了费用。3. The hydrogen production system provides electric energy through the system itself, and does not need to purchase electricity from the grid, which saves costs.
4、制氢系统存储氢能可以销售，产生的副产品氧气也可以销售，增加系统收益。4. The hydrogen energy stored in the hydrogen production system can be sold, and the by-product oxygen produced can also be sold, increasing system revenue.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明风光水联合制氢系统框图。Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the wind-solar-water combined hydrogen production system of the present invention.
图2为制氢系统结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen production system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，一种风光水联合制氢系统，包括由风力发电机组、变流器和风力发电控制器依次连接组成的风力发电系统1，由光伏发电单元、逆变器和光伏发电控制器依次连接组成的光伏发电系统2，由水利发电单元和水利发电控制器连接组成的水力发电系统3，与水力发电系统3通过供水系统6连接的制氢系统5，与风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2、水力发电系统3和制氢系统5连接的控制系统4，还包括通过变压器与控制系统4连接的电网8；风力发电系统1通过风能发电，光伏发电系统2通过太阳能发电，水力发电系统3通过水位落差发电，三个发电系统产生的电能通过控制系统4协调配置，电能充足时，通过变压器7输送至电网8，电能不足时，通过制氢系统5制备并储存氢气。As shown in Figure 1, a combined wind and water hydrogen production system includes a wind power generation system 1 composed of wind power generators, converters and wind power controllers connected in sequence, and is controlled by photovoltaic power generation units, inverters and photovoltaic power generation The photovoltaic power generation system 2 is connected sequentially, the hydropower generation system 3 is composed of the hydropower generation unit and the hydropower generation controller, the hydrogen production system 5 is connected with the hydropower generation system 3 through the water supply system 6, and the wind power generation system 1, photovoltaic The control system 4 connected to the power generation system 2, the hydroelectric power generation system 3 and the hydrogen production system 5 also includes a power grid 8 connected to the control system 4 through a transformer; the wind power generation system 1 generates power through wind energy, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 generates power through solar energy, and hydroelectric power generation System 3 generates power through water level drop. The electric energy generated by the three power generation systems is coordinated and configured through control system 4. When the electric energy is sufficient, it is transmitted to the grid 8 through transformer 7. When the electric energy is insufficient, hydrogen is prepared and stored through hydrogen production system 5.
如图2所示，所述制氢系统5包括电解槽54，设置在电解槽54内的电解棒52，电解槽54顶部的气体出口连通气体净化器55入口，气体净化器55出口连通气体分离器56入口，通气体分离56的氢气出口通过导管57连通储氢罐58，通气体分离56的氧气出口通过导管57连通储氧罐59；电解槽54通过进水管53与供水系统6连接以实现供水；电解棒52通过电解槽54外部的电极51连接控制系统4供电以实现电解水。As shown in Figure 2, the hydrogen production system 5 includes an electrolytic cell 54, an electrolytic rod 52 arranged in the electrolytic cell 54, the gas outlet at the top of the electrolytic cell 54 is connected to the inlet of the gas purifier 55, and the outlet of the gas purifier 55 is connected to the gas separation 56 inlet, the hydrogen outlet of gas separation 56 communicates with hydrogen storage tank 58 through conduit 57, and the oxygen outlet of gas separation 56 communicates with oxygen storage tank 59 through conduit 57; electrolyzer 54 is connected with water supply system 6 by water inlet pipe 53 to realize Water supply; the electrolysis rod 52 is connected to the control system 4 to supply power through the electrode 51 outside the electrolysis cell 54 to realize electrolysis of water.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述风力发电机系统1的装机容量在10KW及以上，风力发电机组包括水平轴风力发电机与垂直风力发电机，风力发电控制器通过变流器控制风力发电机组的启停。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the installed capacity of the wind power generator system 1 is 10KW and above, the wind power generator includes a horizontal axis wind power generator and a vertical wind power generator, and the wind power generation controller controls the wind power generator through a converter start and stop.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述光伏发电系统2的装机容量在10KW及以上，逆变器具备MPPT功能，光伏发电控制器通过逆变器光伏发电单元的启停。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 has an installed capacity of 10KW and above, the inverter has an MPPT function, and the photovoltaic power generation controller starts and stops the photovoltaic power generation unit through the inverter.
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述水力发电系统3的装机容量在10KW及以上，水力发电控制器控制水利发电单元的启停。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the installed capacity of the hydropower generation system 3 is 10KW or above, and the hydropower generation controller controls the start and stop of the hydropower generation units.
如图1所示，本发明风光水联合制氢系统的制氢方法，风力发电系统1通过风能发电，光伏发电系统2通过太阳能发电，水力发电系统3通过水位落差发电，三个发电系统产生的电能通过控制系统4协调控制，电能充足时，通过变压器7输送至电网8，电能不足时，通过制氢系统5制备并储存氢气。As shown in Figure 1, the hydrogen production method of the wind-solar-water combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the wind power generation system 1 generates power through wind energy, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 generates power through solar energy, and the hydropower generation system 3 generates power through water level drop, the three power generation systems generate The electric energy is coordinated and controlled by the control system 4. When the electric energy is sufficient, it is transmitted to the grid 8 through the transformer 7. When the electric energy is insufficient, hydrogen is prepared and stored through the hydrogen production system 5.
如图2所示，制氢系统5的工作过程如下：制氢系统5由控制系统4提供电能通过电极51及电解棒52实现电解水，其中电解槽54内的水源由供水系统6通过进水管53进入电解槽54，电解产生的气体经过气体净化器55实现除湿及净化，随后进入气体分离器56进行分离，分离后的氢气通过导管57储存到储氢罐58中，产生的副产品氧气通过导管57储存到储氧罐59中。As shown in Figure 2, the working process of the hydrogen production system 5 is as follows: the hydrogen production system 5 is supplied with electric energy by the control system 4 and realizes the electrolysis of water through the electrode 51 and the electrolysis rod 52, wherein the water source in the electrolysis tank 54 is supplied by the water supply system 6 through the water inlet pipe 53 enters the electrolytic cell 54, the gas produced by electrolysis passes through the gas purifier 55 to achieve dehumidification and purification, and then enters the gas separator 56 for separation. The separated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 58 through the conduit 57, and the produced by-product oxygen passes through the conduit 57 is stored in the oxygen storage tank 59.
本发明控制系统4协调控制风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3的发电过程如下：The control system 4 of the present invention coordinates and controls the power generation process of the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 and the hydropower generation system 3 as follows:
风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3产生的总功率为ΔP，公式如下：The total power generated by wind power generation system 1, photovoltaic power generation system 2 and hydropower generation system 3 is ΔP, and the formula is as follows:
ΔP＝ΔPwind+ΔPsoler+ΔPwater (1)ΔP＝ΔP wind +ΔP soler +ΔP water (1)
其中，ΔPwind为风力发电系统产生的功率，ΔPsoler为光伏发电系统产生的功率，ΔPwater为水力发电系统产生的功率；Among them, ΔP wind is the power generated by the wind power generation system, ΔP soler is the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system, and ΔP water is the power generated by the hydroelectric power generation system;
整个风光水联合制氢系统消耗的总功率为ΔPw，公式如下：The total power consumed by the entire wind-solar-water combined hydrogen production system is ΔP w , the formula is as follows:
ΔPw＝ΔPin+ΔPH (2)ΔP w = ΔP in + ΔP H (2)
其中ΔPin为系统运行、供水系统消耗的功率，ΔPH为制氢过程消耗的功率；Among them, ΔP in is the power consumed by the system operation and water supply system, and ΔP H is the power consumed by the hydrogen production process;
控制过程如下：The control process is as follows:
当时，即风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3的产生的功率大于制氢系统运行功率时，制氢系统额定功率运行，多余的功率通过变压器7送入电网8发电；when , that is, when the power generated by the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 and the hydropower generation system 3 is greater than the operating power of the hydrogen production system, the hydrogen production system operates at a rated power, and the excess power is sent to the power grid 8 for power generation through the transformer 7;
当时，即风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3的产生的功率小于等于制氢系统运行功率时，整个风光水联合制氢系统不并入电网8，风力发电系统1、光伏发电系统2和水力发电系统3产生的功率全部用来制氢。when , that is, when the power generated by wind power generation system 1, photovoltaic power generation system 2, and hydropower generation system 3 is less than or equal to the operating power of the hydrogen production system, the entire combined wind and water combined hydrogen production system is not integrated into the grid 8, and the wind power generation system 1, photovoltaic power generation system The power generated by system 2 and hydropower system 3 is all used for hydrogen production.
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