CN110565414A - 一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂及其制备方法，其中，所述锦纶抗热黄变剂由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂20‑70％；去离子水20‑78％；氢氧化钠NaOH 2‑10％。其制备方法为：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，将溶于溶剂中的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂按总质量的20‑70％加入至烧瓶中，加入20‑78％的去离子水调节成5‑40％的有效含量，搅拌20分钟，加入2‑10％的氢氧化钠NaOH调至溶液PH值＝5.0‑7.0，得到澄清液体状产品，即为不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的成品。本发明的锦纶抗热黄变剂不吸附甲醛，抗热黄变效果良好，水溶性优异，且工艺简单、可操作性强、不产生污染物，成本低廉，对人类健康友好，具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种印染助剂，尤其涉及一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
锦纶又叫聚酰胺纤维或尼龙，分子结构中有很多酰胺基团。氨纶又叫聚氨酯纤维，分子结构中有很多氨基甲酸酯基团。由于酰胺基团和氨基基团的存在，锦/氨弹性织物的在光和热的作用下，具有容易泛黄、变脆等缺点。特别是在高温加工过程中，如热定型，尤其是高温前定型和内衣面料压模时，容易泛黄和发生色变，甚至导致纤维脆损、强力下降而发生老化现象，影响产品的外观质量，同时也会对锦纶和氨纶的物理机械性能产生严重的影响，使其服用性能大大降低，因此抗热黄变整理是其染整加工过程中一个非常重要的环节。锦纶及其混纺织物，尤其锦/氨弹性织物在染整加工加工过程中，加入抗热黄变剂能防止其高温下的氧化与脆损，改善由于热和光、水分、氮氧化物的作用引起的泛黄和色泽、性能改变。
目前市场上有不少用于锦/氨弹性织物整理的抗热黄变剂产品，但这些产品基本上为含有ADH的产品。ADH为己二酸二酰肼的英文简称，其结构式为：结构式：H2NHNCO(CH2)4CONHNH2，CAS为：1071-93-8。ADH是一种具有对称结构的双官能团化合物，主要用于涂料助剂、金属减活剂、水处理剂、油墨、胶黏剂等行业，以己二酸、甲醇、水合肼为原料反应，并经过多步结晶、干燥、提纯制得[6-7]。但ADH具有较活泼的化学性能，可与醛发生酰化反应，也用作甲醛捕捉剂，反应机理如下：
在以上反应中，ADH的末端胺基与甲醛生成了C＝N结构的腙链接。因为此为可逆反应，在一定条件下又会释放出甲醛。当锦/氨弹性织物使用了含有ADH的抗热黄变剂产品之后，织物中的ADH会对储存环境中的甲醛产生吸附作用，尤其是成品衣物与含有游离甲醛的免烫树脂整理过的衣服混放或者陈列在新装修店铺时，尤其容易在衣物的后期检测中发生甲醛含量超标的情况。甲醛对生物细胞的原生质有强烈的刺激，会引起呼吸道炎症和皮肤炎，因此已被世界卫生组织确定为致癌和致畸形物质，各国的法规或标准均对纺织产品的游离甲醛含量作了严格控制。
专利公开号CN103012216A的发明专利“HN-130防黄剂合成工艺”提出的合成1,6-六亚甲基-双(N,N-二甲基氨基脲)作为锦纶、氨纶纤维防黄剂，存在成本昂贵及水溶性差的问题；专利公开号：CN105133313B的发明专利“一种用于尼龙的抗黄变剂”提出的使用碳酰肼作为锦纶、氨纶纤维防黄剂，同样存在类似ADH吸附甲醛的问题。
因此，研发一种不吸附甲醛，抗热黄变效果良好，水溶性优异，且工艺简单、可操作性强、成本低廉的锦纶抗热黄变剂及其合成方法和应用工艺，成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术的上述不足，提供了一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂及其制备方法。
本发明的上述目的通过以下的技术方案来实现：一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)20-70％；去离子水20-78％；氢氧化钠NaOH 2-10％。
优选地，所述不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)30-60％；去离子水30-68％；氢氧化钠NaOH 3-9％。
优选地，所述不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)50％；去离子水47％；氢氧化钠NaOH 3％。
一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂的合成：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，先按质量比加入9-69.9％的溶剂加入至烧瓶中，开启搅拌，然后以2滴/秒的速度将10-30％的联氨加入，滴加完后升温至80℃，然后分5次加入20-60％中短链脂肪二酸，加完后，加入0.1-1.0％的催化剂，控制物料温度在90℃至130℃保温并搅拌2至5小时，然后冷却至室温，得到溶于溶剂的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂；
(2)复配：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，将以上合成得到的溶于溶剂中的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂按总质量的20-70％加入至烧瓶中，加入20-78％的去离子水调节成5-40％的有效含量，搅拌20分钟，加入2-10％的氢氧化钠NaOH调至溶液PH值＝5.0-7.0，得到澄清液体状产品，即为不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的成品。
进一步地，步骤(1)中：所述溶剂为有机酸、有机醇醚，如甲酸、甲醇、乙酸、乙醇、乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸中的一种。
进一步地，步骤(1)中：所述联氨为水合肼或者偏二甲肼中的一种。
进一步地，步骤(1)中：所述短链脂肪二酸为乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸中的一种。
进一步地，步骤(1)中：所述催化剂为硫酸、硫酸氢钾、硫酸氢钠中的一种。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点是：本发明的锦纶抗热黄变剂不吸附甲醛，抗热黄变效果良好，水溶性优异，且工艺简单、可操作性强、不产生污染物，成本低廉，对人类健康友好，具有广阔的市场前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步详述。
实施例1：一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)50％；去离子水47％；氢氧化钠NaOH 3％。
所述不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂的合成：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，先按质量比加入40％的溶剂乙醇加入至烧瓶中，开启搅拌，然后以2滴/秒的速度将23.5％的水合肼加入，滴加完后升温至80℃，然后分5次加入36.0％的戊二酸，加完后，加入0.5％的硫酸氢钾，控制物料温度在90℃带压保温并搅拌3小时，然后冷却至室温，得到溶于乙醇的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂。
(2)复配：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，将以上合成得到的含溶剂—乙醇的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂按总质量的50％加入至烧瓶中，加入47％的去离子水，搅拌20分钟，加入3％的氢氧化钠NaOH调至溶液PH值＝6.0，得到澄清液体状产品，即为不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的成品。
实施例2：一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)60％；去离子水37％；氢氧化钠NaOH 3％。
所述不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂的合成：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，先按质量比加入30％的溶剂乙醇加入至烧瓶中，开启搅拌，然后以2滴/秒的速度将25.2％的水合肼加入，滴加完后升温至80℃，然后分5次加入44.2％的丁二酸，加完后，加入0.6％的硫酸氢钾，控制物料温度在90℃带压保温并搅拌2.5小时，然后冷却至室温，得到溶于乙醇的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂。
(2)复配：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，将以上合成得到的含溶剂—乙醇的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂按总质量的60％加入至烧瓶中，加入37％的去离子水，搅拌20分钟，加入3％的氢氧化钠NaOH调至溶液PH值＝6.0，得到澄清液体状产品，即为不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的成品。
实施例3：一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)25％；去离子水70％；氢氧化钠NaOH 5％。
所述不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂的合成：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，先按质量比加入50％的溶剂—乙醇加入至烧瓶中，开启搅拌，然后以2滴/秒的速度将15.2％的偏二甲肼加入，滴加完后升温至80℃，然后分5次加入33.6％的己二酸，加完后，加入1.2％的硫酸氢钾，控制物料温度在100℃带压保温并搅拌4小时，然后冷却至室温，得到溶于乙醇的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂。
(2)复配：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，将以上合成得到的含溶剂—乙醇的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂按总质量的25％加入至烧瓶中，加入70％的去离子水，搅拌20分钟，加入5％的氢氧化钠NaOH调至溶液PH值＝6.0，得到澄清液体状产品，即为不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的成品。
本发明各实施例中含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂的合成反应式如下：
其中：
(C—C)x为脂环烃结构，x＝0至8。
N为仲氨基或者叔胺基结构。
Y1、Y2为氢，或者氢被取代为羟基，羰基或者羧基、烃基。
Z1、Z2为氢，或者氢被取代为羟基，羰基或者羧基，或者被双键取代。
上述的具体实施方式只是示例性的，是为了更好的使本领域技术人员能够理解本专利，不能理解为是对本专利包括范围的限制；只要是根据本专利所揭示精神的所作的任何等同变更或修饰，均落入本专利包括的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，其特征在于：按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)20-70％；去离子水20-78％；氢氧化钠NaOH 2-10％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，其特征在于：所述不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)30-60％；去离子水30-68％；氢氧化钠NaOH 3-9％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，其特征在于：所述不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂，按质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂(含溶剂)50％；去离子水47％；氢氧化钠NaOH 3％。
4.一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂的合成：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，先按质量比加入9-69.9％的溶剂加入至烧瓶中，开启搅拌，然后以2滴/秒的速度将10-30％的联氨加入，滴加完后升温至80℃，然后分5次加入20-60％中短链脂肪二酸，加完后，加入0.1-1.0％的催化剂，控制物料温度在90℃至130℃保温并搅拌2至5小时，然后冷却至室温，得到溶于溶剂的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂；
(2)复配：使用500ml的四口烧瓶，将以上合成得到的溶于溶剂中的含氮杂环结构的抗氧化剂按总质量的20-70％加入至烧瓶中，加入20-78％的去离子水调节成5-40％的有效含量，搅拌20分钟，加入2-10％的氢氧化钠NaOH调至溶液PH值＝5.0-7.0，得到澄清液体状产品，即为不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中：所述溶剂为有机酸、有机醇醚，如甲酸、甲醇、乙酸、乙醇、乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸中的一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，步骤(1)中：所述联氨为水合肼或者偏二甲肼中的一种。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，步骤(1)中：所述短链脂肪二酸为乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸中的一种。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种不吸附甲醛的锦纶抗热黄变剂的制备方法，步骤(1)中：所述催化剂为硫酸、硫酸氢钾、硫酸氢钠中的一种。
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Application publication date: 20191213 |