CN110563592B - 一种由二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺的方法 - Google Patents
一种由二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910016287 MxOy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 31
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- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种由二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺的方法,其特征在于:方法步骤如下:以二氧化碳、氢气和氨气为反应原料一步制备二甲胺:2CO2+6H2+NH3→(CH3)2NH+4H2O,其中原料摩尔比为H2/CO2/NH3=1~3:1:1~3,反应温度为200~400℃,反应压力为0.1~5MPa,反应原料通过固定床反应器内的核/壳催化剂床层进行接触反应,一步制得二甲胺,反应催化剂为二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂与甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂组成。该技术在固定床反应器中实现,CO2、H2、NH3选择性合成二甲胺,反应原料通过固定床反应器内的核/壳催化剂床层进行接触反应,一步制得二甲胺,反应催化剂为二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂与甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂组成,工艺流程简洁,节能降耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成领域,涉及多功能核/壳催化剂制备方法,尤其是一种由二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺的方法。
背景技术
甲胺包括一甲胺(MMA)、二甲胺(DMA)与三甲胺(TMA),是一类重要的精细有机化工原料,在农药、医药、国防化工、染料、表面活性剂的合成等方面用途广泛。其中二甲胺能合成二甲基甲酰胺,市场需求最大,供不应求。工业上采用甲醇胺化法,以甲醇和氨为原料,在高温、高压、硅铝酸盐催化剂存在下合成一甲胺、二甲胺和三甲胺粗产物,然后经加压精馏进行分离,得到二甲胺。该过程的精馏分离系统物耗、能耗较大。
目前大气中二氧化碳(CO2)浓度急剧升高,引发了一系列环境问题,因此CO2减排已成全球关注的课题。以CO2为碳源,通过催化技术,将其转化为高附加值化学品,实现资源化利用,对降低碳排放、发展新型绿色低碳化工循环经济意义重大。目前工业上CO2催化加氢制甲醇和甲醇胺化制甲胺两类反应较为成熟,尚无CO2催化加氢一步合成甲胺的成熟路线。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种由CO2、H2、NH3一步制备二甲胺的方法(2CO2+6H2+NH3→(CH3)2NH+4H2O),该技术在固定床反应器中实现,CO2、H2、NH3选择性合成二甲胺,反应原料通过固定床反应器内的核/壳催化剂床层进行接触反应,一步制得二甲胺,反应催化剂为二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂与甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂组成,工艺流程简洁,节能降耗。
本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的:
一种由二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺的方法,方法步骤如下:以二氧化碳、氢气和氨气为反应原料一步制备二甲胺:2CO2+6H2+NH3→(CH3)2NH+4H2O,其中原料摩尔比为H2/CO2/NH3=1~3:1:1~3,反应温度为200~400℃,反应压力为0.1~5MPa,反应原料通过固定床反应器内的核/壳催化剂床层进行接触反应,一步制得二甲胺,反应催化剂为二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂与甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂组成。
而且,所述的反应催化剂中二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂为Cu基催化剂,甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂为分子筛催化剂,以Cu基催化剂为核,以分子筛催化剂为壳组成的具有核/壳结构的催化剂,其中Cu基催化剂与壳层分子筛催化剂的质量比为0.25-4:1。
而且,催化剂中Cu基催化剂表示为Cu/MxOy,M为ZnO、Al2O3、Cr2O3、ZrO2、SiO2、TiO2中的一种或二种以上,优选ZnO、Al2O3、Cr2O3、ZrO2,该催化剂采用共沉淀法制备,制备方法步骤如下:
⑴按元素摩尔比Cu:M=1:1-10配制含有Cu、M元素的盐溶液A,M硝酸盐溶液,优选含ZnO、Al2O3、Cr2O3、ZrO2元素的盐溶液;
⑵混合后,搅拌10-60min;
⑶配制选自NaOH、Na2CO3化合物的水溶液或氨水溶液B,于100-500r/min转速,水浴温度为50-90℃条件下将A与0.5-5mol/LB均匀混合,控制pH=8-14,保持搅拌至沉淀完全,沉淀经陈化2-48h,去离子水洗涤;
⑷60-120℃干燥5-24h,在350-500℃焙烧2-24h,制得Cu/MxOy催化剂,研磨,造粒20-40目,备用,制得Cu基催化剂,记为Q。
而且,所述的催化剂中分子筛催化剂为ZSM-5、SAPO-34、β、MOR和Y沸石中的一种或几种。
而且,所述核/壳催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
⑴以硅源、铝源、磷源、模板剂为反应起始原料,搅拌均匀成胶,且将搅拌后的凝胶定义为HZSM-5、SAPO-34、β沸石、MOR、Y,记为W;
⑵将20-40目颗粒Q加入母液W中,按质量Q:W=0.25-4:1比例混合;
⑶室温下搅拌2-24h,再转入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,于160~250℃下,转速1-5rpm/min,晶化24-72h,离心洗涤,干燥,500~600℃焙烧4-6h,获得核/壳催化剂。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明设计了一种同时具有CO2加氢制甲醇和甲醇胺化制甲胺两种功能的核/壳催化剂,通过反应工艺条件的配比,实现CO2、H2、NH3一步制备二甲胺。
2、本发明采用Cu基催化剂为核,分子筛为壳材料,通过调节分子筛表面酸性与孔道结构,实现甲醇胺化高选择性制备二甲胺。
3、本发明通过耦合CO2加氢制甲醇催化剂和甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂,实现CO2、H2、NH3一步制备二甲胺。通过设计Cu基催化剂和分子筛组成的催化剂,实现明显提高二甲胺选择性。
附图说明
图1为本发明二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述,以下实施例只是描述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种由二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺的方法,方法步骤如下:以二氧化碳、氢气和氨气为反应原料一步制备二甲胺:2CO2+6H2+NH3→(CH3)2NH+4H2O,其中原料摩尔比为H2/CO2/NH3=1~3:1:1~3,反应温度为200~400℃,反应压力为0.1~5MPa,反应原料通过固定床反应器内的核/壳催化剂床层进行接触反应,一步制得二甲胺,反应催化剂为二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂与甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂组成。
而且,所述的反应催化剂中二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂为Cu基催化剂,甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂为分子筛催化剂,以Cu基催化剂为核,以分子筛催化剂为壳组成的具有核/壳结构的催化剂,其中Cu基催化剂与壳层分子筛催化剂的质量比为0.25-4:1。
而且,催化剂中Cu基催化剂表示为Cu/MxOy,M为ZnO、Al2O3、Cr2O3、ZrO2、SiO2、TiO2中的一种或二种以上,优选ZnO、Al2O3、Cr2O3、ZrO2,该催化剂采用共沉淀法制备,制备方法步骤如下:
⑴按元素摩尔比Cu:M=1:1-10配制含有Cu、M元素的盐溶液A,M硝酸盐溶液,优选含ZnO、Al2O3、Cr2O3、ZrO2元素的盐溶液;
⑵混合后,搅拌10-60min;
⑶配制选自NaOH、Na2CO3化合物的水溶液或氨水溶液B,于100-500r/min转速,水浴温度为50-90℃条件下将A与0.5-5mol/LB均匀混合,控制pH=8-14,保持搅拌至沉淀完全,沉淀经陈化2-48h,去离子水洗涤;
⑷60-120℃干燥5-24h,在350-500℃焙烧2-24h,制得Cu/MxOy催化剂,研磨,造粒20-40目,备用,制得Cu基催化剂,记为Q。
而且,所述的催化剂中分子筛催化剂为ZSM-5、SAPO-34、β、MOR和Y沸石中的一种或几种。
而且,所述核/壳催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
⑴以硅源、铝源、磷源、模板剂为反应起始原料,搅拌均匀成胶,且将搅拌后的凝胶定义为HZSM-5、SAPO-34、β沸石、MOR、Y,记为W;
⑵将20-40目颗粒Q加入母液W中,按质量Q:W=0.25-4:1比例混合;
⑶室温下搅拌2-24h,再转入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,于160~250℃下,转速1-5rpm/min,晶化24-72h,离心洗涤,干燥,500~600℃焙烧4-6h,获得核/壳催化剂。
实施例1
(1)按元素摩尔比Cu:Zn:ZrO2=10:5:1称量硝酸铜、硝酸锌、硝酸锆,以固液比为1:5配制溶液,溶解搅拌60min;于200r/min转速,水浴温度为70℃条件下逐滴加入1mol/L的NaOH溶液,控制pH=10;滴加完成后继续搅拌2h,过夜老化;100℃干燥15h,于350℃下焙烧,研磨,造粒20-40目,备用,记为Q;
(2)分子筛H-ZSM-5原料摩尔比TEOS:TPAOH:H2O:EtOH:Al2O3=2:0.68:120:8:0.24。待混合溶液形成凝胶后,记为W;将20-40目Cu基催化剂Q加入上述母液中,按质量Q:W=3:1比例混合;室温下搅拌2h,再转入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,于160℃下,转速2rpm/min,晶化24h,滤去母液,离心,洗涤,干燥,550℃焙烧5h,获得产品催化剂CuZnZr@HZSM-5(3:1);催化反应结果见表1,实施例1。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。
实施例2
Cu基催化剂制备步骤同实施例1(1),分子筛SAPO-34原料摩尔比为Al2O3:P2O5:SiO2:TEAOH:H2O=1:1:0.6:2:110。待混合溶液形成凝胶后,核壳结构催化剂的制备过程如实施例1(2)中的制备过程,按质量Q:W=3:1比例混合。晶化条件为200℃,转速2rpm/min,晶化时间24h,550℃焙烧5h,获得产品催化剂CuZnZr@SAPO-34(3:1);催化反应结果见表1,实施例2。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。
实施例3
Cu基催化剂制备步骤同实施例1(1),β沸石摩尔比为SiO2:TEAOH:Al2O3:H2O:KNO3=96.53:34.55:1.0:1130:0.00148。待混合溶液形成凝胶后,核/壳结构催化剂的制备过程如实施例1(2)中的制备过程,按质量Q:W=3:1比例混合。工艺参数为晶化155℃,转速2rpm/min,晶化时间72h,550℃焙烧5h,获得产品催化剂CuZnZr@β(3:1);催化反应结果见表1,实施例3。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。
实施例4
Cu基催化剂制备步骤同实施例1(1),Y沸石摩尔比为Na2O:Al2O3:SiO2:H2O=4:1:6:100。待混合溶液形成凝胶后,核/壳结构催化剂的制备过程如实施例1(2)中的制备过程,按质量Q:W=3:1比例混合。工艺参数为晶化100℃,转速2rpm/min,晶化时间48h,550℃焙烧5h,将得到的样品通过离子交换法在1MNH4NO3溶液中交换3次,550℃焙烧4h,获得产品催化剂CuZnZr@Y(3:1);催化反应结果见表1,实施例3。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。
实施例5
Cu基催化剂制备步骤同实施例1(1),MOR沸石摩尔比为SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TEAOH:CTAB:CA:H2O=1.0:0.05:0.58:0.20:0.2:0.04:110。待混合溶液形成凝胶后,核/壳结构催化剂的制备过程如实施例1(2)中的制备过程,按质量Q:W=3:1比例混合。工艺参数为晶化170℃,转速2rpm/min,晶化时间96h,550℃焙烧8h,将得到的样品通过离子交换法在1MNH4NO3溶液交换3次,550℃焙烧4h,获得产品催化剂CuZnZr@MOR(3:1);催化反应结果见表1,实施例3。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。
实施例6
Cu基催化剂制备步骤同实施例1(1),将其中硝酸锆换为硝酸铝,原料为Cu-Zn-Al2O3(10:5:1),分子筛选用HZSM-5。核/壳结构催化剂的制备过程如实施例1(2)中的制备过程,所得催化剂记为CuZnAl@HZSM-5(3:1)。催化反应结果见表1,实施例4。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。
实施例7
Cu基催化剂制备步骤同实施例1(1),原料为Cu-Zn-ZrO2(10:5:1),分子筛选用HZSM-5。核/壳结构催化剂的制备过程如实施例1(2)中的制备过程,按质量Q:W=1:1比例混合,所得催化剂记为CuZnZr@HZSM-5(1:1)。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。
实施例8
催化剂制备步骤同实施例1。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为3MPa。
实施例9
催化剂制备步骤同实施例6。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为300℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。催化反应结果见表1,实施例9。
实施例10
催化剂制备步骤同实施例6。反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=2:1:2,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。催化反应结果见表1,实施例10。
对比例1
催化剂CuO-ZnO-ZrO2(10:5:1)在350℃焙烧,造粒20-40目。所述催化剂用于CO2、H2、NH3一步制备二甲胺,H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。催化反应结果见表1,对比例1。
对比例2
Cu基催化剂(CuO-ZnO-ZrO2)与HZSM-5分子筛以机械混合的耦合方式复合在一起,造粒20-40目,按质量Q:W=3:1比例混合,记为CuZnZr+HZSM-5(3:1);所述催化剂用于CO2、H2、NH3一步制备二甲胺,反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。催化反应结果见表1,对比例2。
对比例3
将Cu基催化剂(CuO-ZnO-ZrO2),造粒20-40目;HZSM-5分子筛,造粒20-40目;在反应器中用石英棉将两类催化剂隔开,上层填装Cu基催化剂,下层填装HZSM-5分子筛,按质量Q:W=3:1比例混合,记为CuZnZr/HZSM-5(3:1)。所述催化剂用于CO2、H2、NH3一步制备二甲胺,反应条件为H2/CO2/NH3=1:1:3,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为1.5MPa。催化反应结果见表1,对比例3。
表1各催化反应活性和产物选择性
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例和附图,但是本领域的技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内,各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的,因此,本发明的范围不局限于实施例和附图所公开的内容。
Claims (2)
1.一种由二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺的方法,其特征在于:方法步骤如下:以二氧化碳、氢气和氨气为反应原料一步制备二甲胺:2CO2+6H2+NH3→(CH3)2NH+4H2O,其中原料摩尔比为H2/CO2/NH3=1~3:1:1~3,反应温度为200~400℃,反应压力为0.1~5MPa,反应原料通过固定床反应器内的核/壳催化剂床层进行接触反应,一步制得二甲胺,反应催化剂为二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂与甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂组成,所述的反应催化剂中二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂为Cu基催化剂,甲醇胺化制甲胺催化剂为分子筛催化剂,以Cu基催化剂为核,以分子筛催化剂为壳组成的具有核/壳结构的催化剂,其中Cu基催化剂与壳层分子筛催化剂的质量比为0.25-4:1,催化剂中Cu基催化剂表示为Cu/MxOy,M为ZnO、ZrO2,该催化剂采用共沉淀法制备,制备方法步骤如下:
⑴按元素摩尔比Cu:M=1:1-10配制含有Cu、M元素的盐溶液A,M硝酸盐溶液为ZnO、ZrO2元素的盐溶液;
⑵混合后,搅拌10-60min;
⑶配制选自NaOH、Na2CO3化合物的水溶液或氨水溶液B,于100-500r/min转速,水浴温度为50-90℃条件下将A与0.5-5mol/L B均匀混合,控制pH=8-14,保持搅拌至沉淀完全,沉淀经陈化2-48h,去离子水洗涤;
⑷60-120℃干燥5-24h,在350-500℃焙烧2-24h,制得Cu/MxOy催化剂,研磨,造粒20-40目,备用,制得Cu基催化剂,记为Q;
所述催化剂中分子筛催化剂为β沸石或MOR沸石,β沸石摩尔比为SiO2:TEAOH:Al2O3:H2O:KNO3=96.53:34.55:1.0:1130:0.00148,MOR沸石摩尔比为SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TEAOH:CTAB:CA:H2O=1.0:0.05:0.58:0.20:0.2:0.04:110。
2.根据权利要求1一项所述的一种由二氧化碳、氢气和氨气一步制备二甲胺的方法,其特征在于:所述核/壳催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
⑴以硅源、铝源、磷源、模板剂为反应起始原料,搅拌均匀成胶,且将搅拌后的凝胶定义为β沸石或MOR沸石,记为W;
⑵将20-40目颗粒Q加入母液W中,按质量Q:W=0.25-4:1比例混合;
⑶室温下搅拌2-24h,再转入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,于160~250℃下,转速1-5rpm/min,晶化24-72h,离心洗涤,干燥,500~600℃焙烧4-6h,获得核/壳催化剂。
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