CN110560137A - 一种合成气制低碳醇催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种合成气制低碳醇催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002512 Co3Mo3N Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt molybdenum Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Mo] WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910018864 CoMoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMWVZPDSWLOFKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]#P AMWVZPDSWLOFKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020637 Co-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]#N GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/153—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
- C07C29/156—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals, platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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Abstract
本发明目的在于提供一种新型高效合成气制低碳醇催化剂[ML]x[Co3Mo3N]y,涉及化工催化剂制造工程技术领域,特别涉及一种合成气制低碳醇催化剂的制备方法、组成、应用领域以及反应条件。制备的纯相Co3Mo3N催化剂通过浸渍法引入一定比例碱金属盐类助剂ML后,制得目标催化剂[ML]x[Co3Mo3N]y。该目标催化剂具有优异的CO/H2合成气制低碳醇活性、选择性和运行稳定性,成本低廉制作方便,具有很好的实际应用价值,易于大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工催化剂制造工程技术领域,特别涉及一种合成气制低碳醇催化剂的组成、制备方法、应用领域以及反应条件。
背景技术
由于20世纪70年代石油危机的爆发,石油替代品的研发逐渐成为人类生产生活的迫切需求。从石化资源的综合开发使用以及生态绿色环保的角度出发,开发环保高效的“绿色燃料”成为日渐紧要的计划,而且具有重要的战略意义。其中一个热点便是催化合成气转化制低碳醇。合成气是指由CO和H2按一定比例混合组成的气体,来源可以从煤、生物质等含炭物质中取得,因此整个循环过程也是一个从低级产品转化升级的过程。由合成气催化制备的低碳醇产品是指碳数为C2—C6醇构成的液态混合物。对比传统化石燃料,利用低碳醇具有众多优势,如低碳醇可以直接代替车用燃油或作为汽油中提高辛烷值的油品添加剂。其作为新型车用燃料时,因其出色的环保性能,汽车排放的尾气中不含氮氧化物、硫氧化物等污染性气体,将大幅遏制目前汽车尾气排放造成的环境污染。当其作为油品添加剂时,低碳醇可代替目前的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),可以极大提高汽油的抗震性以及辛烷值,而且低碳醇中含氧部分可促使汽油更加充分的燃烧,提高汽油的使用效率并降低油耗。同时,将制得的低碳混合醇送入下游工段进行组分分离,可得到单一醇类成分的高附加值精细化学品,其可用作生产高端化学品的原料,如可用于医药合成、聚合材料以及洗护美妆等市场。
目前为止,世界各国在合成气制低碳醇领域内做了大量研究工作,开发出多类催化剂体系,其中具有代表性的合成气制低碳醇催化剂总体上可划分为四大类别,分别为贵金属催化剂、改性甲醇催化剂、改性费-托催化剂与钼基催化剂。(1)贵金属催化剂。在贵金属催化剂中,常以Rh、Ru等贵金属为活性组分,将其分散在如CeO2、SiO2与ZrO2等高比表面载体上作为成品催化剂,典型的专利有(US4014913、US4096164)。贵金属催化剂具有较高的催化活性与总醇选择性,特别是在醇类产物中乙醇的选择性较高。但因其活性相为贵金属致使催化剂造价高昂,阻碍了其在商业领域中的应用,且贵金属催化剂易中毒失活,不利于工业化的进行。(2)改性甲醇催化剂。在合成气制低碳醇领域中,改性甲醇催化剂主要通过对合成气制甲醇催化剂中进一步掺入一定比例的碱金属或碱土金属助剂改性而得,典型的专利有意大利Snam燃气公司专利(US4513100)。这类催化剂的特点是CO转化率较高,但总醇选择性低;从醇类产物分布来看,醇类主产物以甲醇与异丁醇为主,乙醇等作为副产物含量占比较低。(3)改性费-托催化剂。Co-Cu基系列改性费-托催化剂由法国石油研究院提出并进行开发,拥有多项美国专利(US4122110、US4291126)。这类催化剂的特点是产物多以碳数为C1-C6的直链醇类与直链烃类为主,但催化剂稳定性与运行寿命较低。(4)钼基催化剂。钼基催化剂主要是指分别由碳化钼、氧化钼、硫化钼和磷化钼等组分构成催化剂活性相的催化剂。因钼基催化剂在催化反应过程中有优良的抗硫性能,同时具有较好的水煤气变换性能与C2+OH选择性,被认为是很有开发潜力的催化剂。钼基催化剂体系中硫化钼基催化剂研究最为广泛,其次是碳化钼基与氧化钼基。1985年Dow化学公司首次发表硫化钼掺杂碱金属或者过渡金属应用于合成气制备低碳醇专利(US 4752622),这类硫化钼基催化剂的特点是具有较高的催化活性与醇选择性,但醇类产物中超过50%为甲醇。同时硫化钼基催化剂中的催化助剂易与合成气中的CO形成羰基化合物,造成助剂的流失,致使催化剂稳定性与寿命受到限制。磷化钼基催化剂还处于尚未被广泛研究的阶段,而氮化钼基则未见报道,因此在合成气制低碳醇领域,研发高活性、高选择性的钼基催化剂仍是该方向研究的重点之一。
助催化剂的加入可以有效提高催化反应整体催化活性,在合成气制低碳醇反应中,向催化剂中加入少量的碱金属或碱土金属可显著提高其催化活性与醇类选择性。原因是通过添加碱金属与碱土金属助剂可以有效阻碍活性位点上CO的解离吸附,从而抑制烃类物质的生成,进而提高醇类选择性。有报道表明过渡金属助剂加入钼基催化剂形成双活性中心后,可以改变醇的ASF分布,进一步提高醇类的选择性,从而明显提高催化剂性能。
因此,本发明使用过渡金属Co与氮化钼紧密互联的纯相Co3Mo3N作为新型催化剂活性组分,添加一定比例碱金属助剂制得催化剂,该类催化剂在合成气催化转化制备低碳醇反应中展现出优异的催化活性与醇类选择性。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种新型高效合成气制低碳醇催化剂。该催化剂具有优异的合成气制低碳醇活性、选择性和运行稳定性,成本低廉制作方便,具有很好的实际应用价值。
本发明主要包括催化剂的组成、制备工艺、反应评价等步骤。以下为本发明的操作步骤及原理性说明:
(1)催化剂的制备:
将钼酸盐与硝酸钴分别溶于去离子水,两者充分混合搅拌,在80-150℃范围内反应6-24小时,生成紫色沉淀。将生成的紫色沉淀过滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到紫色的CoMoO4前驱体。将该物质在400-600℃范围内焙烧,得到紫色的CoMoO4。将得到的该紫色物质在NH3气氛下高温氮化,氮化温度为700-800℃,NH3气流速为50-150ml/min。升温速率先快后慢再快,降到室温后以1%O2/N2 或1%O2/Ar混合气钝化1h,得到Co3Mo3N黑色粉末。
将碱金属盐类物质通过机械混合的方法掺杂到Co3Mo3N中,得到非负载型催化剂。
(2)催化合成气制低碳醇工艺条件:
催化剂活性评价采用不锈钢固定床催化剂评价装置,反应器内部恒温段用石英砂混合催化剂填装。本发明的合成气催化合成低碳醇反应条件为温度200-400℃,压力1-20MPa,原料气为H2/CO为0.5/1-3/1,空速500-10000h-1。催化剂在上述条件下反应,采用在线气相色谱仪进行产物分析。
本发明提供的催化剂有如下特点:
(1)在合成气制低碳醇领域Co3Mo3N是一种新型催化剂活性组分。
(2)本发明的催化剂具有活性高、总醇和C2+醇选择性高、抗积碳抗团聚等特点。
具体实施的方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,本发明包括但不限于下面的实施例。
实施例1:
将8g钼酸铵与11.18g硝酸钴分别溶于100ml去离子水(Co/Mo=1),两者充分混合搅拌,在80℃混合搅拌10h,生成紫色沉淀过滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到紫色的CoMoO4前驱体。将该物质在500℃下焙烧5h,升温速率为5℃/min,得到紫色的CoMoO4。将得到的该紫色物质在NH3气氛下高温氮化,以5℃/min升温至350℃后,再以0.5℃/min升温到450℃,最后以2℃/min升温速率升温至785℃并保持5h。降到室温后以1%O2/N2混合气钝化1h,得到Co3Mo3N黑色粉末。将碱金属盐类物质通过机械混合的方法掺杂到Co3Mo3N中,得到非负载型催化剂。催化剂进行压片过筛,收集40-60目催化剂。
将上述方法制备的K-Co3Mo3N催化剂用于合成气制低碳醇反应,催化剂装填量0.4g。反应条件:温度300℃,压力8MPa,空速3000h-1,合成气H2/CO=1。反应产生的产物与尾气均使用气相色谱检测。
对上述催化剂进行性能评价后结果显示,此反应条件下,CO转化率为45.2%,总醇选择性为56.8%,C2+醇选择性为84.6%,时空产率为104.2mg/g/h。同时,对比反应后催化剂,其没有发生明显的团聚,也没积炭生成,展现出优良的催化稳定性。以上数据综合体现Co3Mo3N催化剂在合成气制低碳醇领域展现出较为出色的催化性能。
实施例2:
将催化反应温度调整为330℃,其他条件同实施例1。催化活性评价结果为:CO转化率为65.9%,总醇选择性为42.2%,C2+醇选择性为87.4%,时空产率为215.7mg/g/h。
实施例3:
将催化反应温度调整为350℃,其他条件同实施例1。催化活性评价结果为:CO转化率为76.3%,总醇选择性为37.8%,C2+醇选择性为87.7%,时空产率为249.2mg/g/h。
附图说明
图1为实施例中Co3Mo3N催化剂的x-射线衍射图谱。
图2为实施例中K-Co3Mo3N催化剂反应前透射电镜照片。
图3为实施例中K-Co3Mo3N催化剂反应后透射电镜照片。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于合成气制备低碳醇反应的催化剂,其特征在于催化剂的组成、制备方法、应用领域和反应条件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂组成为[ML]x[Co3Mo3N]y,其中ML为碱金属盐类碳酸钾或碳酸钠或醋酸钾或醋酸钠或其混合物,Co3Mo3N为纯相钴钼复合氮化物,X和Y是整数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂的制备方法为:将纯相Co3Mo3N与一定比例的碱金属盐类助剂机械研磨混合,得到非负载型合成气制备低碳醇催化剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用领域,其特征在于催化剂的使用体系为合成气制备低碳醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂反应条件为:反应温度200-400℃,压力1-20MPa,原料合成气H2/CO为0.5/1-3/1,空速为500-100000h-1。
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CN113522339A (zh) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-22 | 厦门大学 | 一种加氢m@c-n催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
CN113522339B (zh) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-08-30 | 厦门大学 | 一种加氢m@c-n催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
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