CN110547229A - Breeding method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok - Google Patents
Breeding method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok Download PDFInfo
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- CN110547229A CN110547229A CN201910896930.2A CN201910896930A CN110547229A CN 110547229 A CN110547229 A CN 110547229A CN 201910896930 A CN201910896930 A CN 201910896930A CN 110547229 A CN110547229 A CN 110547229A
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- brachymystax lenok
- fries
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
the invention relates to a fry raising method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok, which comprises the following steps: firstly, in-vitro fertilization is carried out on eggs and sperms of parent fishes of brachymystax lenok; then, the fertilized eggs are treated by a heat shock method; then, carrying out temperature change treatment on the fertilized eggs; and finally hatching the fertilized eggs in culture water, and culturing to obtain the tetraploid fingerlings of the brachymystax lenok. The invention adopts the in-vitro fertilization technology of the female brachymystax lenok and the male fish and the heat shock method to realize the preparation of tetraploid fries of the brachymystax lenok, effectively improves the eyeing rate, the fry hatchability and the tetraploid rate of fertilized eggs, can obtain stable triploid brachymystax lenok populations by hybridizing with normal diploid brachymystax lenok, thereby solving the problems of sexual precocity, individual miniaturization and the like of cultured individuals caused by long-term close breeding and lack of systematic breeding in the culture process of the brachymystax lenok, improving the specifications and the growth speed of commercial fishes produced by the culture of the brachymystax lenok, and having better economic benefit and market value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok, in particular to a fry breeding method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok.
Background
the salmon is named because the scales are fine. Belongs to the order Salmoniformes, Salmonidae, Lepidium. Commonly known as: brachymystax lenok, brachymystax lenok (northeast), the dromous fish, the goldfish, the flower fish (shanxi), the spotted grouper (Gansu), the small red fish (Xinjiang). Is an important economic fish in the Heilongjiang river basin. Meat is fat and beautiful, has high fat content (3.8-7.7%), is large in body, generally weighs 1 kg, and can reach 8 kg in maximum. In addition, eggs are also quite expensive.
Researches show that the triploid of the salmon and the trout can completely use energy for somatic cell growth, so that the bait conversion rate is improved, the triploid grows faster than a diploid in a juvenile stage and a mature stage, the fish quality reduction and the apparent characteristic change caused by energy transfer and marital color in a gonad development stage and a spawning season are avoided, the disease resistance (saprolegniasis, IHN virus and the like) is stronger than that of the diploid, the triploid and trout triploid fish triploid has become a research hotspot of workers in foreign and domestic aquatic sciences, and the artificial induction work of the triploid fish has been greatly progressed since the last 80 th.
The domestic research on the preparation of triploid offspring seeds mainly focuses on the preparation of triploid, and a heat shock method or a hydrostatic pressure method is generally adopted. The reason why the conventional technique for preparing the triploid brachymystax lenok can obtain a very high triploid rate is that the eyeing rate is usually not more than 10 percent, the abnormal rate of the fries is high, and the large-scale production cannot be formed all the time because the fertilized eggs are treated by a physical or chemical method in the prior art, and the triploid fries prepared by the second polar body discharge cannot reach the triploid rate required by the production or cannot reach the survival rate of the fries which can be used for the production. Therefore, a technology for preparing tetraploid brachymystax lenok seedlings with mature technology is urgently needed, and then tetraploid brachymystax lenok growing to a breeding period is hybridized with normal diploid brachymystax lenok to obtain a stable triploid brachymystax lenok population, so that the large-scale production of hybrid triploid fries of the brachymystax lenok is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a seedling raising method for tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fry raising method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok comprises the following steps:
(1) In-vitro fertilization is carried out on eggs and sperms of the brachymystax lenok parent fish;
(2) Treating the fertilized eggs by a heat shock method;
(3) Carrying out temperature change treatment on the fertilized eggs;
(4) Hatching the fertilized eggs in culture water, and culturing to obtain the tetraploid fries of the brachymystax lenok.
Specifically, the parent brachymystax lenok is cultured to be mature before fertilization in the step (1), and the culture water temperature of the parent brachymystax lenok is 6-10 ℃.
in particular, the fish eggs are taken out by adopting an extrusion method in the step (1) and then are washed by hatching water.
in particular, the volume ratio of semen to hatching water during semen washing is 1: (2500-3000).
in particular, semen is washed by stirring semen and hatching water for 1-1.5min, pouring off water, and repeatedly washing for 3-5 times.
Particularly, the temperature-changing treatment in the step (3) is to place fertilized eggs after fertilization for 2 hours and 30 minutes into water at the temperature of 18-20 ℃ for transition for 1 minute, then place the fertilized eggs into water at the temperature of 26-28 ℃ for treatment for 10-20 minutes, and finally place the fertilized eggs into a container with incubation water temperature of 8-10 ℃ for culture.
Particularly, the temperature of the hatching water of the fertilized eggs in the step (4) is 5-13 ℃, and the hatching time is 30-40 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the in-vitro fertilization technology of the female brachymystax lenok and the male fish and the heat shock method to realize the preparation of tetraploid fries of the brachymystax lenok, effectively improves the eyeing rate, the fry hatchability and the tetraploid rate of fertilized eggs, can obtain stable triploid brachymystax lenok populations by hybridizing with normal diploid brachymystax lenok, thereby solving the problems of sexual precocity, individual miniaturization and the like of cultured individuals caused by long-term close breeding and lack of systematic breeding in the culture process of the brachymystax lenok, improving the specifications and the growth speed of commercial fishes produced by the culture of the brachymystax lenok, and having better economic benefit and market value.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
A fry raising method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok comprises the following steps:
(1) In-vitro fertilization is carried out on eggs and sperms of the brachymystax lenok parent fish;
(2) Treating the fertilized eggs by a heat shock method;
(3) carrying out temperature change treatment on the fertilized eggs;
(4) hatching the fertilized eggs in culture water, and culturing to obtain the tetraploid fries of the brachymystax lenok.
specifically, the parent brachymystax lenok is cultured to be mature before fertilization in the step (1), and the culture water temperature of the parent brachymystax lenok is 6-10 ℃.
In particular, the fish eggs are taken out by adopting an extrusion method in the step (1) and then are washed by hatching water.
In particular, the volume ratio of semen to hatching water during semen washing is 1: (2500-3000).
In particular, semen is washed by stirring semen and hatching water for 1-1.5min, pouring off water, and repeatedly washing for 3-5 times.
Particularly, the temperature-changing treatment in the step (3) is to place fertilized eggs after fertilization for 2 hours and 30 minutes into water at the temperature of 18-20 ℃ for transition for 1 minute, then place the fertilized eggs into water at the temperature of 26-28 ℃ for treatment for 10-20 minutes, and finally place the fertilized eggs into a container with incubation water temperature of 8-10 ℃ for culture.
Particularly, the temperature of the hatching water of the fertilized eggs in the step (4) is 5-13 ℃, and the hatching time is 30-40 days.
Example one
a fry raising method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok comprises the following steps:
(1) In-vitro fertilization is carried out on eggs and sperms of the brachymystax lenok parent fish;
(2) Treating the fertilized eggs by a heat shock method;
(3) carrying out temperature change treatment on the fertilized eggs;
(4) Hatching the fertilized eggs in culture water, and culturing to obtain the tetraploid fries of the brachymystax lenok.
Specifically, the brachymystax lenok parent fish is cultured until the brachymystax lenok parent fish is mature before fertilization in the step (1), and the temperature of the culture water of the brachymystax lenok parent fish is 6 ℃.
In particular, the fish eggs are taken out by adopting an extrusion method in the step (1) and then are washed by hatching water.
In particular, the volume ratio of semen to hatching water during semen washing is 1: 2500.
in particular, semen is washed by stirring semen and hatching water for 1min, pouring off water, and repeatedly washing for 3 times by the same method.
Particularly, the temperature-changing treatment in the step (3) is to place fertilized eggs after fertilization for 2 hours and 30 minutes into water at 18 ℃ for transition for 1 minute, then place the fertilized eggs into water at 26 ℃ for treatment for 10 minutes, and finally place the fertilized eggs into a container with incubation water temperature of 8 ℃ for culture.
Particularly, the incubation water temperature of the fertilized eggs in the step (4) is 5 ℃, and the incubation time is 30 days.
Example two
A fry raising method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok comprises the following steps:
(1) In-vitro fertilization is carried out on eggs and sperms of the brachymystax lenok parent fish;
(2) treating the fertilized eggs by a heat shock method;
(3) carrying out temperature change treatment on the fertilized eggs;
(4) Hatching the fertilized eggs in culture water, and culturing to obtain the tetraploid fries of the brachymystax lenok.
Specifically, the brachymystax lenok parent fish is cultured until the brachymystax lenok parent fish is mature before fertilization in the step (1), and the temperature of the culture water of the brachymystax lenok parent fish is 10 ℃.
In particular, the fish eggs are taken out by adopting an extrusion method in the step (1) and then are washed by hatching water.
in particular, the volume ratio of semen to hatching water during semen washing is 1: 3000.
In particular, semen is washed by stirring semen and hatching water for 1.5min, pouring off water, and repeatedly washing for 5 times.
Particularly, the temperature-changing treatment in the step (3) is to place fertilized eggs after fertilization for 2 hours and 30 minutes into water at 20 ℃ for transition for 1 minute, then place the fertilized eggs into water at 28 ℃ for treatment for 20 minutes, and finally place the fertilized eggs into a container with incubation water temperature of 10 ℃ for culture.
Particularly, the incubation water temperature of the fertilized eggs in the step (4) is 13 ℃, and the incubation time is 40 days.
EXAMPLE III
A fry raising method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok comprises the following steps:
(1) in-vitro fertilization is carried out on eggs and sperms of the brachymystax lenok parent fish;
(2) treating the fertilized eggs by a heat shock method;
(3) Carrying out temperature change treatment on the fertilized eggs;
(4) hatching the fertilized eggs in culture water, and culturing to obtain the tetraploid fries of the brachymystax lenok.
specifically, the brachymystax lenok parent fish is cultured until the brachymystax lenok parent fish is mature before fertilization in the step (1), and the temperature of the culture water of the brachymystax lenok parent fish is 8 ℃.
In particular, the fish eggs are taken out by adopting an extrusion method in the step (1) and then are washed by hatching water.
in particular, the volume ratio of semen to hatching water during semen washing is 1: 2800.
in particular, semen is washed by stirring semen and hatching water for 1.5min, pouring off water, and repeatedly washing for 4 times in the same way.
Particularly, the temperature-changing treatment in the step (3) is to place fertilized eggs after fertilization for 2 hours and 30 minutes into water at 19 ℃ for transition for 1 minute, then place the fertilized eggs into water at 27 ℃ for treatment for 15 minutes, and finally place the fertilized eggs into a container with incubation water temperature of 9 ℃ for culture.
Particularly, the temperature of the hatching water of the fertilized eggs in the step (4) is 10 ℃, and the hatching time is 35 days.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but is intended to cover various modifications, which may be made by the methods and technical solutions of the invention, or may be applied to other applications without modification.
Claims (7)
1. a fry raising method of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) In-vitro fertilization is carried out on eggs and sperms of the brachymystax lenok parent fish;
(2) Treating the fertilized eggs by a heat shock method;
(3) carrying out temperature change treatment on the fertilized eggs;
(4) Hatching the fertilized eggs in culture water, and culturing to obtain the tetraploid fries of the brachymystax lenok.
2. a method of raising fries of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok according to claim 1, wherein the parent brachymystax lenok is cultured to maturity before fertilization in step (1), and the temperature of the culture water for the parent brachymystax lenok is 6-10 ℃.
3. a method of raising fries of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok according to claim 1, wherein the eggs are taken out by squeezing in step (1) and washed with hatching water.
4. The method for raising fries of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok according to claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of semen to hatching water in semen washing is 1: (2500-3000).
5. A method of raising fries of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok according to claim 3, wherein the semen is washed by stirring the semen with hatching water for 1-1.5min and then pouring off the water, and the same method is repeated for 3-5 times.
6. The method for raising seedlings of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-changing treatment in the step (3) is to put fertilized eggs after fertilization for 2 hours and 30 minutes into water at 18-20 ℃ for transition for 1 minute, then put the fertilized eggs into water at 26-28 ℃ for treatment for 10-20 minutes, and finally put the fertilized eggs into a container with hatching water at 8-10 ℃ for culture.
7. the method for raising seedlings of tetraploid fries of brachymystax lenok according to claim 1, wherein the hatching water temperature of the fertilized eggs in the step (4) is 5-13 ℃ and the hatching time is 30-40 days.
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Citations (4)
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| CN104322408A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-02-04 | 中山大学 | Siniperca chuatsi polyploid induction method |
| KR101805034B1 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-12-05 | 권오남 | A method for triploid fertilized egg of Onchorhynchus mykiss |
| CN107439424A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-08 | 天津市换新水产良种场 | A kind of production of hybrid seeds of Jin Xinwu crucian carps and cultural method |
| CN107810888A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-20 | 北京市水生野生动植物救护中心 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of fine-scaled graphite triploid seed |
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2019
- 2019-09-23 CN CN201910896930.2A patent/CN110547229A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104322408A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-02-04 | 中山大学 | Siniperca chuatsi polyploid induction method |
| KR101805034B1 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-12-05 | 권오남 | A method for triploid fertilized egg of Onchorhynchus mykiss |
| CN107439424A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-08 | 天津市换新水产良种场 | A kind of production of hybrid seeds of Jin Xinwu crucian carps and cultural method |
| CN107810888A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-20 | 北京市水生野生动植物救护中心 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of fine-scaled graphite triploid seed |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 李湘涛等: "《物种战争之魔高一尺道高一丈》", 31 December 2014, 中国社会出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20191210 |