CN110537410B

CN110537410B - Two-section fritillary bulb harvester

Info

Publication number: CN110537410B
Application number: CN201910947477.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋江; 衣淑娟; 刘丽华
Original assignee: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Current assignee: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-10-08
Filing date: 2019-10-08
Publication date: 2023-05-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-08
Also published as: CN110537410A

Abstract

A two-section fritillary bulb harvester relates to the technical field of underground small tuber mechanized harvesting, and comprises a front section and a rear section, wherein the front section comprises a first suspension mechanism, a screw mechanism, a soil scraping plate, a soil loosening hook, a soil dividing plate, a transmission system and a first frame; the rear section comprises a lifting device, a rotary screen, a secondary separation conveying screen, a collecting device, a transmission system II and a rack II. The two-section fritillary bulb harvester solves the problems that the fritillary bulb has high soil content and is blocked and sieved when being harvested, and mechanical harvesting can not be carried out on sunny days in harvesting seasons, weeding and loose surface layer hard soil covering can be carried out, and the effect of one machine with multiple functions is achieved.

Description

Two-section fritillary bulb harvester

Technical field:

the invention relates to the technical field of underground small tuber mechanized harvesting, in particular to a two-section fritillary bulb harvester.

The background technology is as follows:

fritillary bulb is also called fritillary bulb, which is one of the fritillary medicinal materials, and is bulb of fritillary bulb which is a two-year-old herb of the family liliaceae. The fritillary bulb is divided into two parts, namely an underground bulb and an overground bulb, and has the medical value mainly of the underground bulb, is in a flat disc shape, has the average size of 3-30 mm, is formed by cohesion of 2-3 semilunar flat phosphorus petals, is shaped like a poly-shell and is flat, so the fritillary bulb is named. Fritillary bulb is a relatively rare traditional bulk medicinal material in China, is an important commodity for foreign exchange in China, and is favored in the markets of Chinese medicinal materials at home and abroad. The fritillary bulb artificial planting is mainly distributed in the great and small Xinghangan mountains of the Heilongjiang and the northeast Changbai mountain areas, wherein the cultivation areas of Jilin Tongzhi, sea forest and iron force are the largest and form the scale, and the fritillary bulb artificial planting is a main means for local enrichment. Statistics show that in 2006, the planting area of fritillary bulb in three northeast provinces reaches 24 ten thousand mu, the yield is 17000 tons, and according to the price of 60 yuan/kg of fritillary bulb at the time, the economic benefit of billions yuan is created for pharmaceutical farmers each year. The government of the Heilongjiang province in 2016 issued the development planning of forestry industry in Heilongjiang province (2016-2020) to propose to build the north drug industry with emphasis, and by 2020, the planting area of the Chinese medicinal materials in the whole province is enlarged from 150 mu to 300 mu, and the artificial planting scale of fritillary bulb is also continuously enlarged. The fritillary bulb harvesting is a time-consuming and labor-consuming work, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the harvesting timeliness is extremely strong, the production area is almost completely concentrated in 6-7 months, and the fritillary bulb is in a rainy season and can not rot in the ground, so that a great deal of labor is employed by a pharmaceutical farmer when the fritillary bulb is harvested. The tool is provided with a pick, a spade, a dustpan, a sieve, a rake and the like. During operation, the uppermost soil of the fritillary bulb ridge is firstly scooped to one side by a spade, then the fritillary bulb soil is scooped to a simple screening device by a rake and a pick, a plurality of fritillary bulb rigidified root hairs block a screening net in the screening process, the screening efficiency is low, and one person is required to brush the screening net for screening fritillary bulb soil each time. The fritillary bulb can meet the requirements according to the size of the fritillary bulb and the need of sieving the fritillary bulb by sieves with different sizes of sieve holes for several times. It is counted that fritillary bulb is charged for about 1/4 of total fritillary bulb cost. In recent years, with the increase of labor cost and the difficult employment of workers, fritillaria cirrhosa harvesting has become a bottleneck problem of fritillaria cirrhosa artificial planting and enlarging planting area. Therefore, mechanized harvesting of fritillary bulb has become urgent need for fritillary bulb production, and the pharmaceutical farmers hope to replace heavy manual labor by a mechanized technology, so that the labor intensity of the pharmaceutical farmers is reduced, the production efficiency of fritillary bulb harvesting is improved, and the income of the pharmaceutical farmers is increased and the local economic development is promoted.

In order to realize mechanized harvesting of fritillary bulb, a pesticide farmer starts single-procedure mechanical harvesting operation, the labor intensity is high, the production efficiency is low, and the harvesting cannot be finished in the most acquired period of fritillary bulb, so that the economic benefit of fritillary bulb planting is reduced; in recent years, a backpack type and self-propelled general type granule medicinal material combine harvester is developed by representing the New rural area Dilong pharmaceutical industry mechanical limited company, which is suitable for granule medicinal materials such as fritillary bulb, fritillaria cirrhosa, fritillaria thunbergii, rhizoma corydalis, pinellia ternate and the like, but the general type backpack type granule medicinal material combine harvester has the defects of overweight harvesting equipment and overlarge matched power (a tractor with more than 100 horsepower), and meanwhile, the soil in a fritillary planting area is sticky, so that the impurity content is high, and the popularization and the application cannot be realized at a later time; the self-propelled general type granule medicinal material combine harvester has high cost, is not suitable for harvesting fritillary bulbs, and is not reported in popularization and application in fritillary bulb producing areas; the harvesting Ji Duo of the fritillary bulb producing area is often overlapped with the rainy season in 6-7 months each year, the sunny day number is 3-5 days, the field harvesting can be carried out by the granule type medicinal material combine harvester only in 2-3 days, the soil humidity is about 60% during the harvesting, the phenomenon of raining always occurs, part of fritillary bulbs are not harvested until the fritillary bulbs are harvested, and the problems of high impurity content and blocking of the screen can be brought even if the fritillary bulbs are harvested.

The invention comprises the following steps:

the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a two-section fritillary bulb harvester, which solves the problems that the fritillary bulb harvester has high soil content and is blocked and sieved when harvesting, and can not fully utilize sunny days in harvesting seasons to carry out mechanical harvesting, and can carry out weeding and loose surface hard cover soil, thereby achieving the effect of one machine with multiple purposes.

In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the front section comprises a first suspension mechanism, a first screw mechanism, a soil scraping plate, a soil loosening hook, a soil dividing plate, a transmission system and a first frame, wherein the first frame is connected to a tractor through the first suspension mechanism; the rear section include elevating gear, drum screen, secondary separation conveying screen, collection device, transmission system two and frame two, frame two is connected on the tractor through hanging mechanism two, and frame two both sides are equipped with the frame longeron respectively, are equipped with elevating gear between two frame longerons, and elevating gear is located frame longeron front portion, is equipped with the drum screen in the middle of two frame longerons, and frame longeron tail end is equipped with collection device, transmission system two connect the power take off of elevating gear and tractor.

The screw mechanism comprises a straight-tooth speed reducer and a screw, the straight-tooth speed reducer is connected with a frame beam I through threads, the straight-tooth speed reducer is provided with two output shafts, one ends of the two output shafts are respectively connected with one end of the screw in a key manner, the two screws are opposite in rotation direction, the other ends of the screw are respectively in interference fit with a corresponding bearing and a bearing seat I, and the bearing seat I are arranged on corresponding frame side plates.

The first transmission system comprises a first bevel gear reducer, a chain wheel and a second chain wheel, the first bevel gear reducer is arranged on a second frame cross beam, the second frame cross beam is transversely arranged at the rear end between two frame side plates, the output end of the first bevel gear reducer is connected with the first chain wheel through a chain, the first chain wheel is connected with the second chain wheel through a chain, the second chain wheel is connected with the second straight bevel gear reducer through a key, and the first bevel gear reducer is connected with a power output shaft of the tractor through a transmission shaft.

The front end of the frame side plate is connected with a depth-limiting wheel connecting rod through a screw rod respectively, the top end of the depth-limiting wheel connecting rod is connected with a handle I, and the bottom end of the depth-limiting wheel connecting rod is connected with a depth-limiting wheel through threads.

The lifting device comprises lifting side plates, reinforcing steel bars II and U-shaped supporting plates, wherein the number of the lifting side plates is two, the lifting side plates are respectively connected with corresponding frame longitudinal beams through U-shaped clamping threads, a plurality of groups of reinforcing steel bars II are penetrated between the two lifting side plates, the U-shaped supporting plates are welded on the reinforcing steel bars II, the tail ends of the U-shaped supporting plates are welded with conical discharging grooves, and the conical discharging grooves are aligned with a feeding hole of the rotary screen.

The drum screen comprises a drum frame, a drum screen, a drum rotating shaft and a hydraulic motor, wherein the drum frame is connected with the drum screen through threads or rivets, the drum frame penetrates through the drum rotating shaft and is welded with the drum rotating shaft into a whole, the drum rotating shaft is connected with the hydraulic motor through a coupler, a first lifting plate, a second lifting plate and a third lifting plate are arranged in the drum frame, the first lifting plate, the second lifting plate and the third lifting plate are distributed on the circumference of the drum screen uniformly, the discharge end of the drum frame is welded with a lifting plate, and the number of the lifting plate is a plurality of the lifting plate and is distributed on the circumference of the drum screen uniformly.

The utility model provides a drum sieve discharge end be equipped with secondary separation conveying sieve, secondary separation conveying sieve discharge end is located the collection device top, secondary separation conveying sieve includes secondary separation sieve curb plate, the motor, sprocket three, sprocket four and screen cloth, secondary separation sieve curb plate number is two threaded connection and frame two, be connected with the motor through the motor backup pad on the secondary separation sieve curb plate, the motor is connected with sprocket three key, sprocket three both sides are connected with sprocket five and sprocket four through the chain, sprocket five and sprocket four are connected and are located driven shaft one and the one end of driving shaft one respectively, driven shaft one and driving shaft one other end are equipped with sprocket five and sprocket six, sprocket five and sprocket six are connected through the chain, be equipped with the screen cloth between two chains.

The transmission system II comprises a bevel gear reducer and a plurality of chain wheels, the bevel gear reducer is in threaded connection with the frame II, the bevel gear reducer is in seven-key connection with the chain wheels, the chain wheels seven are connected with the middle transmission shaft chain wheels through chains, the middle transmission shaft chain wheels are arranged at one ends of the middle transmission shafts, the other ends of the middle transmission shafts are in eight-key connection with the chain wheels, the chain wheels eight are connected with the chain wheels nine through chains, the chain wheels nine are connected with the driving shaft II through keys, a plurality of chain wheels twelve are arranged on the driving shaft II, the chain wheels twelve are connected with the chain wheels eleven and the chain wheels twelve through special-shaped chains, the number of the chain wheels eleven and the number of the chain wheels are equal to the number of the chain wheels twelve, the chain wheels eleven and the chain wheels eleven are respectively connected with the supporting shaft and the driven shaft II through chains, and the special-shaped chains are provided with a plurality of L-shaped angle irons in a staggered mode.

The front end of the frame longitudinal beam is respectively provided with a frame screw rod, the frame screw rod is in threaded connection with a depth limiting plate supporting rod, the top end of the depth limiting plate supporting rod is connected with a handle III, and the bottom end of the depth limiting plate supporting rod is connected with the depth limiting plate.

The working procedure is as follows:

1) The front section is connected to a tractor with power of more than 30 horsepower through a first suspension mechanism, a spiral mechanism is used for cleaning the furrow surface to loosen soil, and a subsequent scraper plate is used for completing the work of cleaning the surface layer of the furrow surface to cover soil;

2) The soil loosening hooks can be arranged in a plurality of rows, and after soil covering on the surface layer of the furrow surface is cleaned, the work of loosening the shellfish soil mixture is carried out;

3) Soil separating plates at two sides in the front section separate the surface layer covered soil at two sides, so that the furrow soil is cleaned to facilitate the rear section operation;

4) After the front section is finished, the shellfish soil is left for half a day to one day, and fully airing is achieved until the shellfish soil is suitable for separation;

5) After the shellfish soil is fully aired, the rear section works, and the rear section is connected to a tractor with power of more than 55 horsepower through a second suspension mechanism;

6) Picking up and lifting the shellfish-soil mixture by a lifting device in the rear section;

7) The lifting device lifts the shellfish-soil mixture into a rotary screen to perform first mixture separation work, and a large amount of soil is separated;

8) After the first separation work is finished, the shellfish-soil mixture is conveyed into a secondary separation conveying sieve to carry out the second mixture separation work, and more soil and fritillary bulb are separated under the rubbing of a brush;

9) After the secondary screening and separating work is completed, fritillary bulb is conveyed into a collecting device by a secondary separating and conveying sieve to be collected uniformly, and the fritillary soil mixture with the falling sieve surface is used as seeds to be planted directly.

The invention has the beneficial effects that on the basis of a combined harvester for collecting fritillary, which is used for excavating fritillary and soil mixtures, lifting fritillary and soil mixtures, separating fritillary and soil mixtures for the first time and the second time, a two-section fritillary harvester is developed, which mainly comprises a front section and a rear end, wherein the front section is used for separating surface soil and loose fritillary and soil mixtures, and the purpose of separating surface soil is to remove dead branches and rotten leaves on surface soil and furrow surfaces, loosen fritillary and soil mixtures, separate root systems of fritillary from soil, fully dry the soil and facilitate separation of the fritillary and the soil; and the later stage is used for completing the task of lifting the fritillary bulb and soil mixture, separating the fritillary bulb and soil mixture once and twice and collecting the fritillary bulb. Compared with the prior united fritillary bulb harvester which claims authorization by the inventor, the combined fritillary bulb harvester has the advantages that the soil loosening mechanism is added, the digging parts are removed, various work technical indexes are obviously improved, and meanwhile, weeding and soil loosening field management work before and after fritillary bulb emergence is completed, so that the effect of different work is achieved.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front section elevational view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the front section of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a rear section elevational view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a rear section top view of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a flowchart of the operation of the present invention.

The specific embodiment is as follows:

referring to the drawings, the present invention specifically adopts the following embodiments: the front section comprises a first suspension mechanism, a first spiral mechanism, a soil scraping plate 7, a soil loosening hook 9, a soil separating plate 8, a transmission system and a first frame, wherein the first frame is connected to a tractor through the first suspension mechanism, two sides of the first frame are respectively provided with a first frame side plate 25, a first frame cross beam 24 is transversely arranged between the front parts of the two frame side plates 25, the first frame cross beam 24 is provided with the spiral mechanism, the middle of the first frame side plate 25 is connected with the soil scraping plate 7 through a lead screw, the rear part of the first frame side plate 25 is connected with the two soil separating plates 8 through a lead screw, a first reinforcing steel bar 20 is transversely arranged between the two soil separating plates 8, the soil loosening hook 9 is welded or clamped on the first reinforcing steel bar 20, and the transmission system is connected with a power output shaft of the spiral mechanism and the tractor; the rear section include elevating gear, drum screen, secondary separation conveying screen, collection device, transmission system two and frame two, frame two is connected on the tractor through hanging mechanism two, and frame two both sides are equipped with frame longeron 36 respectively, are equipped with elevating gear between two frame longerons 36, and elevating gear is located frame longeron 36 front portion, is equipped with the drum screen in the middle of two frame longerons 36, secondary separation conveying screen pass through threaded and frame two's tail end connection, frame longeron 36 tail end is equipped with collection device, transmission system two connect elevating gear and the power take off shaft of tractor. The screw mechanism comprises a straight-tooth speed reducer 6 and a screw 15, the straight-tooth speed reducer 6 is connected with a first frame beam 24 through threads, the straight-tooth speed reducer 6 is provided with two output shafts, one ends of the two output shafts are respectively connected with one end of the screw 15 in a key manner, the directions of the two screws 15 are opposite, the other ends of the screws 15 are respectively in interference fit with a corresponding bearing and a first bearing seat 4, and the bearing and the first bearing seat 4 are arranged on a corresponding side plate 25 of the frame. The first transmission system comprises a first bevel gear reducer 17, a first chain wheel 16 and a second chain wheel 5, the first bevel gear reducer 17 is arranged on a second frame cross beam 26, the second frame cross beam 26 is transversely arranged at the rear end between two frame side plates 25, the output end of the first bevel gear reducer 17 is connected with the first chain wheel 16 in a key way, the first chain wheel 16 is connected with the second chain wheel 5 through a chain, the second chain wheel 5 is connected with the second straight bevel gear reducer 6 in a key way, and the first bevel gear reducer 17 is connected with a power output shaft of the tractor through a transmission shaft. The front end of the frame side plate 25 is connected with the depth-limiting wheel connecting rod 2 through a screw rod respectively, the top end of the depth-limiting wheel connecting rod 2 is connected with the first handle 3, and the bottom end of the depth-limiting wheel connecting rod 2 is in threaded connection with the depth-limiting wheel 1. The lifting device comprises lifting side plates 35, two reinforcing steel bars 37 and U-shaped supporting plates 38, wherein the number of the lifting side plates 35 is two, the lifting side plates are respectively connected with corresponding frame longitudinal beams 36 through U-shaped clamping threads, a plurality of groups of reinforcing steel bars 37 are penetrated between the two lifting side plates 35, the U-shaped supporting plates 38 are welded on the reinforcing steel bars 37, the tail ends of the U-shaped supporting plates 38 are welded with conical discharging grooves 39, and the conical discharging grooves 39 are aligned with a feeding hole of the rotary screen. The roller screen comprises a roller frame 41, a roller screen 42, a roller rotating shaft 48 and a hydraulic motor 52, wherein the roller frame 41 is in threaded or rivet connection with the roller screen 42, the roller frame 41 passes through the roller rotating shaft 48 and is welded with the roller rotating shaft 48 into a whole, the roller rotating shaft 48 is connected with the hydraulic motor 52 through a coupler 51, a first lifting plate 43, a second lifting plate 44 and a third lifting plate 46 are arranged in the roller frame 41, the first lifting plate 43, the second lifting plate 44 and the third lifting plate 46 are several and evenly distributed on the circumference of the roller screen, the discharge end of the roller frame 41 is welded with a lifting plate 47, and the number of the lifting plates 47 is several and evenly distributed on the circumference of the roller screen. The rotary screen discharging end be equipped with secondary separation conveying screen, secondary separation conveying screen discharging end is located the collection device top, secondary separation conveying screen includes secondary separation screen curb plate 56, motor 89, sprocket three 90, sprocket four 88 and screen cloth 84, secondary separation screen curb plate 56 number is two threaded connection and frame two, be connected with motor 89 through motor backup pad 58 on the secondary separation screen curb plate 56, motor 89 is connected with sprocket three 90 key, sprocket three 90 both sides are connected with sprocket five 82 and sprocket four 88 through chain 85, sprocket five 82 and sprocket four 88 are connected and are located the one end of driven shaft one 81 and driving shaft one 86 respectively, driven shaft one 81 and driving shaft one 86 other end are equipped with sprocket five 82 and sprocket six 87, sprocket five 82 and sprocket six 87 are connected through chain 85, be equipped with screen cloth 84 between two chains 85. The transmission system II comprises a bevel gear reducer 64 and a plurality of chain wheels, the bevel gear reducer 64 is in threaded connection with a rack II, the bevel gear reducer 64 is in key connection with a chain wheel seven 65, the chain wheel seven 65 is connected with a middle transmission shaft chain wheel 66 through a chain, the middle transmission shaft chain wheel 66 is arranged at one end of a middle transmission shaft 68, the other end of the middle transmission shaft 68 is in key connection with a chain wheel eight 60, the chain wheel eight 60 is connected with a chain wheel nine 59 through a chain, the chain wheel nine 59 is in key connection with a driving shaft II 78, a plurality of chain wheels twelve 77 are arranged on the driving shaft II 78, the chain wheel twelve 77 is connected with a chain wheel eleven 75 and a chain wheel eleven 70 through special-shaped chains 71, the number of the chain wheels eleven 75 and the number of the chain wheels eleven 70 are equal to the number of the chain wheels twelve 77, the chain wheel eleven 75 and the chain wheel eleven 70 are respectively connected with a support shaft 74 and a driven shaft II 69 through a chain, and a plurality of L-shaped angle irons 76 are installed on the special-shaped chain 71 in a staggered manner. The front ends of the frame longitudinal beams 36 are respectively provided with a frame screw rod 32, the frame screw rods 32 are in threaded connection with the depth limiting plate supporting rods 33, the top ends of the depth limiting plate supporting rods 33 are connected with the handles III 63, and the bottom ends of the depth limiting plate supporting rods 33 are connected with the depth limiting plates 34.

The first suspension mechanism comprises a first lower suspension seat, a front spandrel girder, a first upper suspension frame 12 and a second suspension frame 22, wherein the front spandrel girder 21 and the second suspension frame 22 are transversely arranged at the front end and the rear end of a frame side plate 25 and are positioned at the two sides of the first frame cross beam 24, the number of the first lower suspension seats 13 is two and are all in threaded connection with the front spandrel girder 21 through U-shaped clamps, the first upper suspension frame 12 is of a welded structure and is in threaded connection with the second suspension frame 22 through U-shaped clamps, and the first two lower suspension seats 13 and the first upper suspension frame 12 are suspended at three points of a tractor and are connected with each other through pin shafts; the second suspension mechanism comprises a second upper suspension bracket 27, an upper bearing beam 29, an upper supporting seat 28, a second lower suspension bracket 30 and a lower bearing beam 31, wherein the upper bearing beam 29 and the lower bearing beam 31 are respectively positioned at the front end of the second frame, the second upper suspension bracket 27 is of a welded structure, the second upper suspension bracket 28 is in threaded connection with the upper bearing beam 29 through a U-shaped clamp, the second lower suspension bracket 30 is two in number and is in threaded connection with the lower bearing beam 31 through a U-shaped clamp, and the second lower suspension bracket 30 and the second upper suspension bracket 27 are suspended at three points of the tractor and are connected through pin shafts.

The working procedure is as follows:

1) The front section is connected to a tractor with power of more than 30 horsepower through a first suspension mechanism, a spiral mechanism is used for cleaning the furrow surface to loosen soil, and a subsequent scraper 7 is used for completing the work of cleaning the surface layer of the furrow surface to cover soil;

2) The soil loosening hooks 9 can be arranged in a plurality of rows, and the work of loosening the shellfish soil mixture is carried out after the surface layer of the furrow surface is cleaned to cover soil;

3) Soil separating plates 8 on two sides in the front section separate the surface layer covered soil on two sides, so that the furrow soil is cleaned to facilitate the later-stage operation;

In the step 8), the brushes 57 are added in the secondary separation and conveying sieve, and the secondary separation also has the brush rubbing function, and referring to fig. 3, the fourth arc on the secondary separation and conveying sieve is the brush 57.

The fritillary bulb harvester works in two sections, the front section works first to clean the surface layer covering soil of the furrow surface, loosen the fritillary soil mixture, clean the surface layer covering soil piled up in the furrow, reserve a working channel, then stand for half a day to 1 day until the soil is dry, and the rear section starts to work to finish the operations of lifting, primary and secondary separation and collection of the fritillary soil mixture, and the working flow of the fritillary soil harvester is shown in fig. 5.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the front section of the fritillary bulb harvester mainly comprises a screw mechanism, a soil scraping plate, a soil loosening hook, a soil dividing plate, a transmission system and a frame I, and is used for cleaning surface layer covering soil of a furrow surface, loosening a shellfish soil mixture, cleaning surface layer covering soil piled in the furrow, reserving a working channel and facilitating the operation of a rear section machine tool. Meanwhile, the front section also has the functions of weeding before and after emergence of fritillary bulb and loosening surface hard soil. The matched power of the tractor is more than 30 horsepower.

The two depth limiting wheels 1 adopted by the fritillary bulb harvester are respectively in threaded connection with the two depth limiting wheel connecting rods 2, the depth limiting wheel connecting rods 2 are respectively connected with two side plates 25 of the frame through two side lead screws, the two side handles 3 are rotated, and meanwhile the positions of the two depth limiting wheels 1 and the frame are adjusted to realize depth limiting of the whole fritillary bulb harvester. The straight-tooth speed reducer 6 is in threaded connection with the first frame beam 24, two output shafts of the straight-tooth speed reducer 6 are respectively in key connection with screws 15 with different rotation directions on two sides, the other ends of the screws 15 are respectively in interference fit with two bearings and the first bearing seat 4, and the bearings and the first bearing seat 4 are respectively in threaded connection with two frame side plates 25. The scraper 7 is connected with two frame side plates 25 by screw rods, the position of the scraper 7 relative to the frame is adjusted, and the relative position of the scraper 7 and the screw 15 is changed. The soil dividing plate 8 is provided with two, one side is in screw connection with two side plates 25 of the frame, the other side is welded with a first steel bar 20, the first steel bar 20 is welded with a middle plate 19, the middle plate 19 is in pin connection with an externally threaded rod 11, the externally threaded rod 11 is provided with two, the externally threaded rod 11 is in threaded connection with an internally threaded pipe 10, the other end of the externally threaded rod 11 is in pin connection with a connecting seat 18, and the connecting seat 18 is in threaded connection with a rear bearing beam 22 of the frame. The scarification hook 9 has front and rear rows which are welded or connected to the first steel bar 20, and the rows are equidistantly distributed and staggered front and rear. Simultaneously, the relative positions of the external threaded rod 11 and the internal threaded pipe 10 and the two handles II 23 are adjusted, the positions of the soil dividing plate 8 and the soil loosening hooks 9 relative to the frame are changed, and the soil loosening and the depth of a working channel are adjusted. The first bevel gear reducer 17 is arranged on the second frame beam 26, the output end of the first bevel gear reducer 17 is connected with the first sprocket 16 in a key way, the first sprocket 16 is connected with the second sprocket 5 in a chain way, the second sprocket 5 is connected with the second spur gear reducer 6 in a key way, the spur gear reducer 6 is connected with the screws 15 in different rotation directions on two sides respectively in a key way, the power output shaft of the tractor drives the first bevel gear reducer 17 to rotate through a transmission shaft, the first bevel gear reducer 17 drives the first spur gear reducer 6 to rotate through chain transmission, and the straight gear reducer 6 drives the screws 15 in different rotation directions on two sides to rotate, so that the surface layer covering soil of a furrow surface is cleaned. The first lower suspension seats 13 are connected with the front spandrel girder 21 through U-shaped clamping threads, the first upper suspension frame 12 is of a welded structure and connected with the rear spandrel girder 22 through U-shaped clamping threads, and the first lower suspension seats 13 and the first upper suspension frame 12 are suspended with the tractor at three points and are connected with a pin shaft.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the rear section of the two-section fritillary bulb harvester mainly comprises a lifting device, a roller screen, a secondary separation conveying screen, a collecting device, a transmission system II and a frame II, and is used for completing lifting, primary and secondary separation and collection operations of a fritillary soil mixture, and the matched power is a tractor with power of more than 55 horsepower.

The upper hanging frame II 27 adopted by the fritillary bulb harvester is of a welded structure and is connected with the upper bearing beam 29 of the frame through the upper supporting seat 28 by U-shaped clamping threads. The two lower suspension seats 30 are respectively connected with the lower bearing beam 31 of the frame through U-shaped clamping threads. The depth limiting plate 34 is in threaded connection with the depth limiting plate supporting rod 33 and is connected with the frame screw rod 32, the handle III 63 is adjusted, the relative position of the frame and the depth limiting plate 34 is changed, and the soil penetration depth of the whole machine is adjustable. The two lifting side plates 35 are respectively in threaded connection with the frame longitudinal beam 36, three to four groups of reinforcing steel bars II 37 are penetrated between the two side plates, U-shaped supporting plates 38 are welded on the reinforcing steel bars II 37, conical discharging grooves 39 are welded at the tail ends of the U-shaped supporting plates 38, a roller frame 41 is in threaded or rivet connection with a roller screen 42 for a welding mechanism, and the size of the screen is 3 multiplied by 3mm. The roller frame 41 and the roller rotating shaft 48 are welded into a whole, two ends of the roller rotating shaft 48 are respectively in interference fit with a second bearing and bearing seat 40 and a third bearing seat 49, and the second bearing and bearing seat 40 and the third bearing seat 49 are respectively in threaded connection with a fourth frame beam 79 and a fifth frame beam 83. The first, second and third lifting blades 43, 44 and 46 are welded in the roller frame 41, 3-4 lifting blades are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the roller in each group, and the angles of the first, second and third lifting blades 43, 44 and 46 and the roller rotating shaft 48 are 30-40 degrees, 20-30 degrees and 30-40 degrees respectively. The discharge end of the roller frame 41 is welded with lifting plates 47, and the lifting plates 47 are uniformly distributed with 9-12 sheets on the circumference of the roller. The roller shaft 48 is connected with a hydraulic motor 52 by a coupling 51, and the hydraulic motor 52 drives the roller to rotate. The secondary separation sieve side plates 56 are respectively connected to the frame in a threaded mode, the motor support plate 58 is welded to the side plates 56, the motor support plate 58 is connected to the motor 89 in a threaded mode, the motor 89 is connected to the sprocket III 90 in a key mode, the sprocket III 90 is connected to the sprocket IV 88 in a chain mode, the sprocket IV 88 is connected to the driving shaft I86 in a key mode, the driving shaft I86 is in interference fit with the bearing and the FL bearing seat I55 in two sections, and the bearing and the FL bearing seat I55 are connected to the secondary separation sieve side plates 56 in a threaded mode. The driven shaft I81 is in interference fit with the chain wheel V82, and is connected to the secondary separation screen side plate 56 through bearings at two ends and the FL bearing seat II 91 in a threaded manner. Two chain wheels five 82 and six 87 are respectively meshed with two side chains 85, the two side chains 85 are provided with a screen 84, the mesh size is 8 x 8mm, two rubber brushes 57 are arranged on the screen to play a role of dispersing the mixture of fritillary and soil, fritillary bulbs larger than 8mm and 3-8mm are respectively filled into bags through the material receiving openings 54, and the bags filled with fritillary bulbs are arranged on the bags 53. The land wheel 45 is bearing-connected with the rotating shaft 80. The second bevel gear reducer 64 is in threaded connection with the frame and is in key connection with the chain wheel seven 65, the chain wheel seven 65 is in chain connection with the intermediate transmission shaft chain wheel 66, the bearings and the bearing seat four 67 and the bearing seat five 73 are arranged at two ends of the intermediate transmission shaft 68, and the bearings and the bearing seat four 67 and the bearing seat five 73 are in threaded connection with the frame. The chain wheel eight 60 is connected with the other end of the middle transmission shaft 68 in a key way, the chain wheel eight 60 is connected with a chain wheel nine 59 in a chain way, the chain wheel nine 59 is connected with a driving shaft two 78 in a key way, 3-4 chain wheels twelve 77 are arranged on the chain wheel eight 60, and the driving shaft two 78 is connected to the lifting side plate 35 through bearings at two ends and a FL bearing seat three 92 in a threaded way. The sprocket wheel II 70 is connected with the driven shaft II 69 through a key, 3-4 sprocket wheels II 70 are arranged on the sprocket wheel II, and the driven shaft II 69 is connected to the lifting side plate 35 through four 94 threads of bearings at two ends and a FL bearing seat. The sprocket eleven 75 is keyed to the support shaft 74, on which 3-4 sprockets eleven 75 are disposed, and the support shaft 74 is threaded to the lifting side plate 35 by bearings at both ends and five 93 of the FL bearing blocks. The opposite chains 71 are arranged on each group of the chain wheels nine 59, twelve 77 and eleven 75, L-shaped angle irons 76 are arranged on the opposite chains 71 in a staggered manner, the number of the L-shaped angle irons is 20-30, rubber is added to the L-shaped angle irons, when the equipment advances, the L-shaped angle irons with the rubber are added to rotate, and the fritillary mixture after the front section of the two-section fritillary bulb harvester is loosened is scraped, so that the lifting operation of the fritillary mixture is completed.

The two-section fritillary bulb harvester adopts two sections of separate operations to solve the problems of short harvesting period and incapability of effective harvesting; the purpose of producing one machine for multiple purposes is achieved, and the device can be used for harvesting fritillary bulbs and other crops or medicinal materials; the problems of soil congestion and insufficient loosening during excavation are solved, the separation of soil and fritillary bulb water is effectively controlled, and the screening efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the added secondary separation conveying screen improves screening efficiency.

In summary, the two-section fritillary harvester is developed on the basis of a combined harvester for collecting fritillary bulb by digging the mixture of fritillary bulb and soil, lifting the mixture of fritillary bulb and soil and separating the mixture of fritillary bulb and soil for the first time and the second time, and mainly comprises a front section and a rear end, wherein the front section is used for separating surface soil and loose fritillary bulb and soil mixture, the purpose of separating the surface soil is to remove dead branches and rotten leaves on surface soil and furrow surfaces, loose fritillary bulb and soil mixture, so that the root system of fritillary bulb is separated from the soil, the soil is fully aired, and the separation of the fritillary bulb and the soil is facilitated; and the later stage is used for completing the task of lifting the fritillary bulb and soil mixture, separating the fritillary bulb and soil mixture once and twice and collecting the fritillary bulb. Compared with the prior united fritillary bulb harvester which claims authorization by the inventor, the combined fritillary bulb harvester has the advantages that the soil loosening mechanism is added, the digging parts are removed, various work technical indexes are obviously improved, and meanwhile, weeding and soil loosening field management work before and after fritillary bulb emergence is completed, so that the effect of different work is achieved.

Claims

1. A two-section fritillary bulb harvester which is characterized in that: comprises a front section and a rear section,

the front section comprises a first suspension mechanism, a first spiral mechanism, a soil scraping plate (7), soil loosening hooks (9), soil separating plates (8), a transmission system and a first frame, wherein the first frame is connected to a tractor through the first suspension mechanism, two sides of the first frame are respectively provided with a first frame side plate (25), a first frame cross beam (24) is arranged between the front parts of the two frame side plates (25), the first frame cross beam (24) is provided with the spiral mechanism, the middle of the first frame side plate (25) is connected with the soil scraping plate (7) through a lead screw, the rear part of the first frame side plate (25) is connected with the two soil separating plates (8) through a lead screw, a first reinforcing steel bar (20) is transversely arranged between the two soil separating plates (8), the soil loosening hooks (9) are arranged on the first reinforcing steel bar (20), and the transmission system is connected with the spiral mechanism and a power output shaft of the tractor;

the rear section comprises a lifting device, a roller screen, a collecting device, a transmission system II and a frame II, wherein the frame II is connected to a tractor through a suspension mechanism II, frame longitudinal beams (36) are respectively arranged on two sides of the frame II, the lifting device is arranged between the two frame longitudinal beams (36), the lifting device is positioned at the front part of the frame longitudinal beams (36), the roller screen is arranged between the two frame longitudinal beams (36), the collecting device is arranged at the tail end of the frame longitudinal beam (36), and the transmission system II is connected with the lifting device and a power output shaft of the tractor;

the two-section fritillary bulb harvester works in two sections, wherein the front section works first to clean the surface layer covering soil of the furrow surface, loosen the fritillary soil mixture, clean the surface layer covering soil piled in the furrow, reserve a working channel, then stand for half a day to 1 day until the soil is dry, and the rear section starts to work to finish the operations of lifting, primary and secondary separation and collection of the fritillary soil mixture;

the lifting device comprises lifting side plates (35), two reinforcing steel bars (37) and U-shaped supporting plates (38), wherein the number of the lifting side plates (35) is two, the lifting side plates are respectively connected with corresponding frame longitudinal beams (36) through U-shaped clamping threads, a plurality of groups of reinforcing steel bars (37) penetrate between the two lifting side plates (35), the U-shaped supporting plates (38) are welded on the reinforcing steel bars (37), the tail ends of the U-shaped supporting plates (38) are welded with conical discharging grooves (39), and the conical discharging grooves (39) are aligned with a feeding hole of the rotary screen;

the rotary screen comprises a rotary screen frame (41), a rotary screen (42), a rotary screen rotating shaft (48) and a hydraulic motor (52), wherein the rotary screen frame (41) is in threaded or rivet connection with the rotary screen (42), the rotary screen frame (41) penetrates through the rotary screen rotating shaft (48) and is welded with the rotary screen rotating shaft (48) into a whole, the rotary screen rotating shaft (48) is connected with the hydraulic motor (52) through a coupler (51), a first lifting plate (43), a second lifting plate (44) and a third lifting plate (46) are arranged in the rotary screen frame (41), the number of the first lifting plate (43), the second lifting plate (44) and the third lifting plate (46) is a plurality of and is uniformly distributed on the circumference of the rotary screen, the discharge end of the rotary screen frame (41) is welded with a lifting plate (47), and the number of the lifting plate (47) is a plurality of lifting plates and is uniformly distributed on the circumference of the rotary screen;

the utility model provides a drum sieve discharge end be equipped with secondary separation and carry the sieve, secondary separation and carry the sieve discharge end and be located the collection device top, secondary separation and carry the sieve and include secondary separation sieve curb plate (56), motor (89), sprocket three (90), sprocket four (88) and screen cloth (84), secondary separation sieve curb plate (56) number are two threaded connection and frame two, be connected with motor (89) through motor backup pad (58) on one secondary separation sieve curb plate (56), motor (89) are connected with sprocket three (90) key-type connection, sprocket three (90) both sides are connected with sprocket five (82) and sprocket four (88) through chain (85), sprocket five (82) are connected with sprocket four (88) and are located the one end of driven shaft one (81) and driving shaft one (86) respectively, driven shaft one (81) and driving shaft one (86) other end are equipped with sprocket five (82) and sprocket six (87), sprocket five (82) and six (87) are connected through chain (85), be equipped with screen cloth (84) between two chains (85).

2. The two-stage fritillary bulb harvester of claim 1, wherein: the screw mechanism comprises a straight-tooth speed reducer (6) and a screw (15), the straight-tooth speed reducer (6) is connected with a first frame cross beam (24) through threads, the straight-tooth speed reducer (6) is provided with two output shafts, one ends of the two output shafts are respectively connected with one end of the screw (15) in a key manner, the two screws (15) are opposite in rotation direction, the other ends of the screws (15) are respectively in interference fit with a corresponding bearing and a first bearing seat (4), and the bearing and the first bearing seat (4) are arranged on a corresponding side plate (25) of the frame.

3. The two-stage fritillary bulb harvester of claim 1, wherein: the first transmission system comprises a first bevel gear reducer (17), a first chain wheel (16) and a second chain wheel (5), the first bevel gear reducer (17) is arranged on a second frame beam (26), the second frame beam (26) is transversely arranged at the rear end between two frame side plates (25), the output end of the first bevel gear reducer (17) is in key connection with the first chain wheel (16), the first chain wheel (16) is connected with the second chain wheel (5) through a chain, the second chain wheel (5) is in key connection with the straight bevel gear reducer (6), and the first bevel gear reducer (17) is connected with a power output shaft of a tractor through a transmission shaft.

4. The two-stage fritillary bulb harvester of claim 1, wherein: the front end of the frame side plate (25) is connected with the depth-limiting wheel connecting rod (2) through a screw rod respectively, the top end of the depth-limiting wheel connecting rod (2) is connected with the first handle (3), and the bottom end of the depth-limiting wheel connecting rod (2) is in threaded connection with the depth-limiting wheel (1).

5. The two-stage fritillary bulb harvester of claim 1, wherein: the transmission system II comprises a bevel gear reducer (64) and a plurality of chain wheels, the bevel gear reducer (64) is connected with a rack II in a threaded manner, the bevel gear reducer (64) is connected with a chain wheel seven (65) in a key manner, the chain wheel seven (65) is connected with a middle transmission shaft chain wheel (66) through a chain, the middle transmission shaft chain wheel (66) is arranged at one end of the middle transmission shaft (68), the other end of the middle transmission shaft (68) is connected with a chain wheel eight (60) in a key manner, the chain wheel eight (60) is connected with a chain wheel nine (59) through a chain manner, the chain wheel nine (59) is connected with a driving shaft II (78) in a key manner, a plurality of chain wheels twelve (77) are arranged on the driving shaft II (78), the chain wheels twelve (77) are connected with a chain wheel eleven (75) and a chain wheel twelve (70) through special-shaped chains, the number of the chain wheels eleven (75) and the chain wheels twelve (70) are equal to the number of the chain wheels twelve (77), the chain wheel eleven (75) and the chain wheel ten (70) are respectively connected with a supporting shaft (74) and a driven shaft II (69) in a key manner, and a plurality of L-shaped iron (76) is installed on the special-shaped chain (71) in a staggered manner.

6. The two-stage fritillary bulb harvester of claim 1, wherein: the front end of the frame longitudinal beam (36) is respectively provided with a frame screw (32), the frame screw (32) is in threaded connection with a depth limiting plate supporting rod (33), the top end of the depth limiting plate supporting rod (33) is connected with a handle III (63), and the bottom end of the depth limiting plate supporting rod (33) is connected with a depth limiting plate (34).

7. A method of using the two-stage fritillary bulb harvester of claim 1, wherein: the working procedure is as follows:

the front section is connected to a tractor with power of more than 30 horsepower through a first suspension mechanism, a spiral mechanism is used for cleaning the furrow surface to loosen soil, and a subsequent scraper (7) is used for completing the work of cleaning the surface layer of the furrow surface to cover soil;

the soil loosening hooks (9) can be arranged in a plurality of rows, and the work of loosening the shellfish soil mixture is carried out after the surface layer of the furrow surface is cleaned to cover soil;

soil separating plates (8) at two sides in the front section separate the surface layer covered soil at two sides, so that the furrow soil is cleaned to facilitate the later-stage operation;

after the front section is finished, the shellfish soil is left for half a day to one day, and fully airing is achieved until the shellfish soil is suitable for separation;

after the shellfish soil is fully aired, the rear section works, and the rear section is connected to a tractor with power of more than 55 horsepower through a second suspension mechanism;

picking up and lifting the shellfish-soil mixture by a lifting device in the rear section;

the lifting device lifts the shellfish-soil mixture into a rotary screen to perform first mixture separation work, and a large amount of soil is separated;

after the first separation work is finished, the shellfish-soil mixture is conveyed into a secondary separation conveying sieve to carry out the second mixture separation work, and more soil and fritillary bulb are separated under the rubbing of a brush;

after the secondary screening and separating work is completed, fritillary bulb is conveyed into a collecting device by a secondary separating and conveying sieve to be collected uniformly, and the fritillary soil mixture with the falling sieve surface is used as seeds to be planted directly.