CN110483962A - 一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Abstract
本发明涉及发泡塑料技术领域，具体为一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚乳酸38‑46％、扩链剂1.2‑3％、增塑剂6‑8％、偶氮二甲酰胺2‑3％、碳酸氢钠1.6‑2.2％、氧化锌0.1‑3.2％、滑石粉6‑8％、纳米二氧化铝8‑12％、无规聚丙烯9‑14％、余量为去离子水，本发明还公开了一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料的制备方法，包括以下制作步骤：S1：称量配比；S2：聚乳酸脱水；S3：改性混炼；S4：挤出造粒；S5：冷却定型；本发明的有益效果是：本发明的配方更加科学合理，通过纳米二氧化铝填充聚乳酸，利用其之间的化学键作用，使得塑料具有良好的机械性能，并且可以完全生物降解，无环境污染，功能性更强，利于推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡塑料技术领域，具体为一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚乳酸（PLA）是一种新型的、对环境友好且性能优良的高分子材料。它所用的原料是天然产物乳酸，可以由玉米或薯类经加工成淀粉并经发酵大批量廉价制得。聚乳酸是由乳酸单体聚合而成的高分子聚酯，是一种可完全生物降解的高分子材料，它的最终降解产物是二氧化碳和水，对环境无毒无害，在生物体内亦可降解。聚乳酸的降解中间产物乳酸和最终降解产物均是人体正常的代谢产物，不会对机体产生任何毒副作用，对人体非常安全。另外，由于其性能可在大范围内通过与其他单体共聚得到调节，当前已成为生物可降解材料领域中最受重视的材料之一。由于具有良好的生物相容性，聚乳酸发泡材料能广泛用做医学材料，如人造皮肤、人造骨骼、药物缓释剂，纯的聚乳酸发泡材料能用作支架材料；同时，聚乳酸发泡材料具有取代石油基发泡塑料用作包装和生活消费品的巨大潜力。
聚乳酸具有较高的拉伸强度、压缩模量，但质硬而韧性差，缺乏柔性和弹性，极易弯曲变形，极大的限制了聚乳酸的应用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚乳酸38-46％、扩链剂1.2-3％、增塑剂6-8％、偶氮二甲酰胺2-3％、碳酸氢钠1.6-2.2％、氧化锌0.1-3.2％、滑石粉6-8％、纳米二氧化铝8-12％、无规聚丙烯9-14％、余量为去离子水。
优选的，所述聚乳酸为混合型聚乳酸，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚左旋乳酸83.4％、聚右旋乳酸16.5％和抗氧剂0.1％。
优选的，所述扩链剂为聚合物分子扩链剂ADR-4370S，其平均粒径为0.5-1.5mm。
优选的，所述增塑剂包括（按照质量百分比计）：乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯84％和甘油16％。
优选的，所述纳米二氧化铝的平均粒径为50-60nm。
一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料的制备方法，包括以下制作步骤：
S1：称量配比，按上述组分组成准备材料；
S2：聚乳酸脱水，将聚乳酸放置在填装有分子筛的真空干燥箱中，真空干燥箱的温度控制在48-60℃，干燥2.5-4.0h后冷却到室温，得到干燥的聚乳酸；
S3：改性混炼，将干燥后的聚乳酸放置在高速混炼机中，并依次加入扩链剂、增塑剂和氧化锌，控制高速混炼机的转速在60-100r/min，搅拌20min以上后得到混合溶液；
S4：挤出造粒，将步骤三中的混合溶液放置在单螺杆挤出机的模具室中，并依次加入偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠、滑石粉和纳米二氧化铝，控制单螺杆转速为55-70r/min，单螺杆挤出温度为170～200℃，得到初制品；
S5：冷却定型，卸去单螺杆挤出机压力的同时，通入冷却水对模具内的制品进行冷却，直到初制品冷却到室温；
S6：干燥成品，用人工或机械的方法脱模，取出制品，并干燥，得到成品的聚乳酸发泡塑料。
其中，所述单螺杆挤出机中螺杆的长径比为1：25。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明的配方更加科学合理，通过纳米二氧化铝填充聚乳酸，利用其之间的化学键作用，使得塑料具有良好的机械性能，并且可以完全生物降解，无环境污染，功能性更强，利于推广；
2.本发明通过偶氮二甲酰胺和碳酸氢钠作为发泡剂，采用单螺杆挤出的方式，使得塑料中孔泡分布更加均匀，孔泡形态良好，发泡过程易于控制，操作简单；
3.本发明通过真空干燥脱水预处理聚乳酸，防止聚乳酸在后续加工环节出现降解，提高塑料的韧性，工艺简单，易于实现。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚乳酸38％、扩链剂1.2％、增塑剂6％、偶氮二甲酰胺2％、碳酸氢钠1.6％、氧化锌0.1％、滑石粉6％、纳米二氧化铝8％、无规聚丙烯9％、余量为去离子水。
一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料的制备方法，包括以下制作步骤：
S1：称量配比，按上述组分组成准备材料；
S2：聚乳酸脱水，将聚乳酸放置在填装有分子筛的真空干燥箱中，真空干燥箱的温度控制在48℃，干燥2.5h后冷却到室温，得到干燥的聚乳酸；
S3：改性混炼，将干燥后的聚乳酸放置在高速混炼机中，并依次加入扩链剂、增塑剂和氧化锌，控制高速混炼机的转速在60r/min，搅拌20min后得到混合溶液；
S4：挤出造粒，将步骤三中的混合溶液放置在单螺杆挤出机的模具室中，并依次加入偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠、滑石粉和纳米二氧化铝，控制单螺杆转速为55r/min，单螺杆挤出温度为170℃，得到初制品；
S5：冷却定型，卸去单螺杆挤出机压力的同时，通入冷却水对模具内的制品进行冷却，直到初制品冷却到室温；
S6：干燥成品，用人工或机械的方法脱模，取出制品，并干燥，得到成品的聚乳酸发泡塑料。
其中，聚乳酸为混合型聚乳酸，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚左旋乳酸83.4％、聚右旋乳酸16.5％和抗氧剂0.1％；扩链剂为聚合物分子扩链剂ADR-4370S，其平均粒径为0.5-1.5mm；增塑剂包括（按照质量百分比计）：乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯84％和甘油16％；纳米二氧化铝的平均粒径为50-60nm；单螺杆挤出机中螺杆的长径比为1：25。
实施例二
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚乳酸40％、扩链剂3％、增塑剂7％、偶氮二甲酰胺2.5％、碳酸氢钠1.6％、氧化锌2％、滑石粉7％、纳米二氧化铝10％、无规聚丙烯10％、余量为去离子水。
一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料的制备方法，包括以下制作步骤：
S1：称量配比，按上述组分组成准备材料；
S2：聚乳酸脱水，将聚乳酸放置在填装有分子筛的真空干燥箱中，真空干燥箱的温度控制在50℃，干燥3h后冷却到室温，得到干燥的聚乳酸；
S3：改性混炼，将干燥后的聚乳酸放置在高速混炼机中，并依次加入扩链剂、增塑剂和氧化锌，控制高速混炼机的转速在80r/min，搅拌30min后得到混合溶液；
S4：挤出造粒，将步骤三中的混合溶液放置在单螺杆挤出机的模具室中，并依次加入偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠、滑石粉和纳米二氧化铝，控制单螺杆转速为60r/min，单螺杆挤出温度为200℃，得到初制品；
S5：冷却定型，卸去单螺杆挤出机压力的同时，通入冷却水对模具内的制品进行冷却，直到初制品冷却到室温；
S6：干燥成品，用人工或机械的方法脱模，取出制品，并干燥，得到成品的聚乳酸发泡塑料。
其中，聚乳酸为混合型聚乳酸，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚左旋乳酸83.4％、聚右旋乳酸16.5％和抗氧剂0.1％；扩链剂为聚合物分子扩链剂ADR-4370S，其平均粒径为0.5-1.5mm；增塑剂包括（按照质量百分比计）：乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯84％和甘油16％；纳米二氧化铝的平均粒径为50-60nm；单螺杆挤出机中螺杆的长径比为12：5。
实施例三
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚乳酸42％、扩链剂2％、增塑剂7％、偶氮二甲酰胺2.5％、碳酸氢钠2％、氧化锌2％、滑石粉7％、纳米二氧化铝10％、无规聚丙烯12％、余量为去离子水。
一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料的制备方法，包括以下制作步骤：
S1：称量配比，按上述组分组成准备材料；
S2：聚乳酸脱水，将聚乳酸放置在填装有分子筛的真空干燥箱中，真空干燥箱的温度控制在60℃，干燥4.0h后冷却到室温，得到干燥的聚乳酸；
S3：改性混炼，将干燥后的聚乳酸放置在高速混炼机中，并依次加入扩链剂、增塑剂和氧化锌，控制高速混炼机的转速在100r/min，搅拌40min后得到混合溶液；
S4：挤出造粒，将步骤三中的混合溶液放置在单螺杆挤出机的模具室中，并依次加入偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠、滑石粉和纳米二氧化铝，控制单螺杆转速为70r/min，单螺杆挤出温度为200℃，得到初制品；
S5：冷却定型，卸去单螺杆挤出机压力的同时，通入冷却水对模具内的制品进行冷却，直到初制品冷却到室温；
S6：干燥成品，用人工或机械的方法脱模，取出制品，并干燥，得到成品的聚乳酸发泡塑料。
其中，聚乳酸为混合型聚乳酸，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚左旋乳酸83.4％、聚右旋乳酸16.5％和抗氧剂0.1％；扩链剂为聚合物分子扩链剂ADR-4370S，其平均粒径为0.5-1.5mm；增塑剂包括（按照质量百分比计）：乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯84％和甘油16％；纳米二氧化铝的平均粒径为50-60nm；单螺杆挤出机中螺杆的长径比为1：25。
实施例四
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚乳酸38％、扩链剂3％、增塑剂8％、偶氮二甲酰胺2％、碳酸氢钠1.6％、氧化锌0.1％、滑石粉6％、纳米二氧化铝8％、无规聚丙烯9％、余量为去离子水。
一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料的制备方法，包括以下制作步骤：
S1：称量配比，按上述组分组成准备材料；
S2：聚乳酸脱水，将聚乳酸放置在填装有分子筛的真空干燥箱中，真空干燥箱的温度控制在48℃，干燥2.5h后冷却到室温，得到干燥的聚乳酸；
S3：改性混炼，将干燥后的聚乳酸放置在高速混炼机中，并依次加入扩链剂、增塑剂和氧化锌，控制高速混炼机的转速在60r/min，搅拌20min后得到混合溶液；
S4：挤出造粒，将步骤三中的混合溶液放置在单螺杆挤出机的模具室中，并依次加入偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠、滑石粉和纳米二氧化铝，控制单螺杆转速为55/min，单螺杆挤出温度为170℃，得到初制品；
S5：冷却定型，卸去单螺杆挤出机压力的同时，通入冷却水对模具内的制品进行冷却，直到初制品冷却到室温；
S6：干燥成品，用人工或机械的方法脱模，取出制品，并干燥，得到成品的聚乳酸发泡塑料。
其中，聚乳酸为混合型聚乳酸，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚左旋乳酸83.4％、聚右旋乳酸16.5％和抗氧剂0.1％；扩链剂为聚合物分子扩链剂ADR-4370S，其平均粒径为0.5-1.5mm；增塑剂包括（按照质量百分比计）：乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯84％和甘油16％；纳米二氧化铝的平均粒径为50-60nm；单螺杆挤出机中螺杆的长径比为1：25。
通过上述的四组实施例均可以得到本发明的聚乳酸发泡塑料，其中实施例三得到的强度性能更好，柔性和弹性大，不容易弯曲变形，利于推广使用。
本发明具有以下优点：本发明的配方更加科学合理，通过纳米二氧化铝填充聚乳酸，利用其之间的化学键作用，使得塑料具有良好的机械性能，并且可以完全生物降解，无环境污染，功能性更强，利于推广；通过偶氮二甲酰胺和碳酸氢钠作为发泡剂，采用单螺杆挤出的方式，使得塑料中孔泡分布更加均匀，孔泡形态良好，发泡过程易于控制，操作简单；通过真空干燥脱水预处理聚乳酸，防止聚乳酸在后续加工环节出现降解，提高塑料的韧性，工艺简单，易于实现。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，其特征在于包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚乳酸38-46％、扩链剂1.2-3％、增塑剂6-8％、偶氮二甲酰胺2-3％、碳酸氢钠1.6-2.2％、氧化锌0.1-3.2％、滑石粉6-8％、纳米二氧化铝8-12％、无规聚丙烯9-14％、余量为去离子水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，其特征在于：所述聚乳酸为混合型聚乳酸，包括（按照质量百分比计）：聚左旋乳酸83.4％、聚右旋乳酸16.5％和抗氧剂0.1％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，其特征在于：所述扩链剂为聚合物分子扩链剂ADR-4370S，其平均粒径为0.5-1.5mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，其特征在于：所述增塑剂包括（按照质量百分比计）：乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯84％和甘油16％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料，其特征在于：所述纳米二氧化铝的平均粒径为50-60nm。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任意一项所述的高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下制作步骤：
S1：称量配比，按上述组分组成准备材料；
S2：聚乳酸脱水，将聚乳酸放置在填装有分子筛的真空干燥箱中，真空干燥箱的温度控制在48-60℃，干燥2.5-4.0h后冷却到室温，得到干燥的聚乳酸；
S3：改性混炼，将干燥后的聚乳酸放置在高速混炼机中，并依次加入扩链剂、增塑剂和氧化锌，控制高速混炼机的转速在60-100r/min，搅拌20min以上后得到混合溶液；
S4：挤出造粒，将步骤三中的混合溶液放置在单螺杆挤出机的模具室中，并依次加入偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠、滑石粉和纳米二氧化铝，控制单螺杆转速为55-70r/min，单螺杆挤出温度为170～200℃，得到初制品；
S5：冷却定型，卸去单螺杆挤出机压力的同时，通入冷却水对模具内的制品进行冷却，直到初制品冷却到室温；
S6：干燥成品，用人工或机械的方法脱模，取出制品，并干燥，得到成品的聚乳酸发泡塑料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高强度的聚乳酸发泡塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述单螺杆挤出机中螺杆的长径比为12：5。
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| CN102863654A (zh) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-01-09 | 武汉华丽环保科技有限公司 | 一种淀粉和聚乳酸的复合材料及其制备方法 |
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