CN110478393A - 一种具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊及制备方法,所述复方蟾蜍皮胶囊的原料包括:中华蟾蜍皮,藏雪莲,金荞麦,茵陈,七叶一枝花,灵芝,人参,蜈蚣和蝎子。其制备方法是将中华蟾蜍皮干粉、藏雪莲干浸粉、金荞麦干浸粉、茵陈干浸粉、七叶一枝花干浸粉、灵芝干浸粉、人参干浸粉、蜈蚣干粉、蝎子干粉直接混匀,过筛,充填胶囊,制成胶囊剂,即得。本发明通过中医理论的指导,与现代中药先进制剂技术相结合,合理配制得到具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊,该胶囊具有清热解毒、散瘀止痛,抗多种恶性肿瘤,缩小肿块,减轻症状之功能,治疗效果好,恢复快,无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊及制备方法。
背景技术
近年来随着国家工业化进展的加速,各种污染就随之来,各种癌症的发生率也逐年上升。 在长江和黄海的交界的启海农村,肝癌、肺癌已成为最常见的恶性肿瘤。目前治疗癌症的方 法很多,临床上常见主要是手术和化疗,化疗的副作用巨大,很多人生理和经济上无法承受。 为此,开发传统中药,预防和抗击肿瘤,价廉物美,副作用轻,是未来发展趋势。其中广泛 生长在长三角的中华大蟾蜍的蟾酥、蟾皮,主要药理作用有强心、解毒、止痛、增强免疫, 抗肿瘤等,小剂量食用就有一定毒性,食用过量会致死。所以,古代中医就有“以毒攻毒”的 说法,用它来治疗慢性疾痼。
目前启东肝癌研究所生产的复方蟾龙片,海门蟾衣研究所生产的蟾衣制品,均为开发的 蟾蜍产品,在临床抗肝癌治疗中,都取得了一定的效果。因此,可以利用中华大蟾蜍开发设 计新的抗肿瘤用药。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊及制备 方法。通过中医理论的指导,与现代中药先进制剂技术相结合,合理配制得到具有抗肿瘤作 用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊,该胶囊具有清热解毒、散瘀止痛,抗多种恶性肿瘤,缩小肿块,减轻 症状之功能,治疗效果好,恢复快,无毒副作用。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊,原料包括:中华蟾蜍皮,藏雪莲,金荞麦,茵 陈,七叶一枝花,灵芝,人参,蜈蚣和蝎子。
上述复方蟾蜍皮胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,取新鲜中华大蟾蜍用通针脊髓处死,立即剥皮,用清水洗净,过滤水分,用60℃ 烘干打粉,过80目筛,得中华蟾蜍皮干粉;
步骤2,分别制备藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈和七叶一枝花的干浸粉,具体制备方法为:取 藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈或七叶一枝花加水浸泡3小时,煎煮2次、每次1小时,合并煎液, 滤过,滤液用冷冻真空干燥机抽干浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.35的稠膏后,再置60℃烘干打粉,得到干浸粉;
步骤3,分别制备灵芝和人参的干浸粉,将灵芝或人参加水浸泡3小时,大火煎煮沸15 分钟,文火15分钟,煎煮2次,合并煎液,滤过,滤液用冷冻真空干燥机浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.35的稠膏后,再置60℃烘干打粉,得到干浸粉;
步骤4,将蜈蚣和蝎子的原药分别用60℃烘干,打粉,过60目筛,得到蜈蚣和蝎子的干 粉;
步骤5,以重量百分比计,取中华蟾蜍皮干粉15-30%、藏雪莲干浸粉5-15%、金荞麦干 浸粉5-15%、茵陈干浸粉5-15%、七叶一枝花干浸粉5-15%、灵芝干浸粉5-10%、人参干浸 粉5-10%、蜈蚣干粉2-5%、蝎子干粉2-5%直接混匀,过筛,充填胶囊,制成胶囊剂,即得。
进一步地,步骤2中所述煎煮2次、每次1小时,煎煮具体为先大火半小时后文火半小 时。
进一步地,步骤5中所述胶囊为1号肠溶胶囊。
本发明以中华大蟾蜍的新鲜蟾蜍皮主药,配以其他几味珍贵中药精制而成的复方中药制 剂,配比简单,使用方便,样品已试生产。用于部分病人的试用和动物实验表明,能减轻症 状,缩小肿块,抗肿瘤效果较好。除本发明外尚未见有藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈、七叶一枝, 灵芝,人参,蜈蚣,蝎子组合物的报道。
蟾蜍又叫癞蛤蟆、大疥毒,是一种药用价值很高的经济动物。其全身是宝,蟾酥、干蟾 皮、蟾衣等均为名贵药材。干蟾皮,性寒、味苦,近年来科研人员发现蟾皮具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒等多种神奇功能,可用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤、肝炎、带状疱疹、肝腹水、肾病、乳腺增生、子宫肌瘤等疑难杂症;或配合化疗、放疗治癌,不仅能提高疗效,还能减轻副作用,改 善血象。现代研究认为:蟾皮中主含蟾蜍二烯醇化合物,包括蟾毒配质及蟾蜍毒素,具有抗 肿瘤、抗病毒作用,蟾毒配质还有较强的麻醉作用。通过对蟾皮有效成分的提取及深加工, 可研制出一批新型成药及注射剂,其临床应用前景十分广阔。
藏雪莲又名大苞雪莲,是菊科凤毛菊属雪莲亚属的草本植物。它生长在海拔4800-5800 米的雪山雪线附近的碎石间,天然而稀有,耐低温抗风寒。它独特的药理作用和神奇的药用 价值,人们奉雪莲为"百草之王"、"药中极品",清热解毒、祛风湿、消肿、止痛、补血养颜之 功能。用于头部创伤、妇科病、类风湿关节炎、外敷消肿等症。
茵陈又称白蒿,为双子叶植物药幼嫩茎叶,属菊科类植物,主要分布在陕西、山西、安徽 等地,多为野生,现在也有人工栽培,为常用中药。主要功效:清热利湿,解毒疗疮,主治: 治湿热黄疸,小便不利,风痒疮疥。
金荞麦[Fagopyrum cymosum(Trey.)Meisn],亦称野荞麦,天荞麦,红三七,系要科(Poygonum)荞麦属中的一个种,金荞麦具有清热解毒,清肺排痰,排脓消肿,祛风化湿。用于肺痈,肺脓疡,肺热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛。单味可用鲜品捣烂以醋磨汁,涂敷患处;外用于痈 肿疮毒,瘰疬,毒蛇咬伤、无名肿毒、风湿关节痛。
七叶一枝花为百合科多年生草本植物;一茎直立,七叶轮生,一花独放,故名。根部药 用,味苦性扁凉,有小毒。药用历史悠久,向来被誉为蛇伤痈疽药。此药具有清热解毒、消肿止痛的功效。民间常用于治疗流行性腮腺炎、扁桃体炎、咽喉肿痛、乳腺炎、跌打损伤、 毒蛇咬伤、疮痈肿毒等。现代研究实验显示对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、痢疾杆菌、 伤寒杆菌、流感病毒等,均有不同程度的抑制作用。
人参为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.的干燥根。主要成份为人参烯;药理作用 有:1.人参对中枢神经系统具有兴奋作用,能加强动物高级神经活动的兴奋过程。并能增强 机体对一切非特异性刺激的适应能力,能减少疲劳感。2.人参对心肌及血管有直接作用,一 般在小剂量时兴奋心肌及血管,改善心肌无力。亦有抗过敏性休克及强心的作用。3.加强机 体对有害因素的抵抗力:能增强人体适应气温变化的能力。4.能抑制冻伤而引起的全身炎症 反应。5.促进某些实验性损伤的愈合。6.能减弱某些毒物(苯、四乙铅、三甲酚磷酸等)对机 体的作用。7.有改善贫血的作用。临床上大补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,生津,安神。
灵芝为多孔菌科真菌灵芝的子实体;主含氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、真菌溶菌酶等有效成 分;主要功效作用有保肝解毒:灵芝对多种理化及生物因素引起的肝损伤有保护作用。灵芝 还能促进肝脏对药物、毒物的代谢,对于中毒性肝炎有确切的疗效。尤其是慢性肝炎,灵芝 可明显消除头晕、乏力、恶心、肝区不适等症状,并可有效地改善肝功能,使各项指标趋于 正常。所以,灵芝可用于治疗慢性中毒、各类慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝功能障碍。
蝎子味甘、辛。性平,有毒。有良好的去风、解毒、止痛、通络的功效蝎毒以治痛症而著称,对于消化道癌、食道癌、结肠癌、肝癌均有疗效。国外一些医药机构已将其药效列入攻克癌症的课题研究。
蜈蚣性味归经辛,温,有毒。主治肝风惊搐,息风止痉,解毒散结,外敷治疗疮痈,瘰疬。它的毒是神经毒素,构成成分是蛋白质,用酒泡很容易让它失去活性的,宜用沸水将其烫死后,晒干或风干再研末吞服。孕妇忌用。
经过利用液相和气相色谱仪器测定:本发明所采用的蟾皮干粉中每克含如下主要有效成 分:
①吲哚类总生物碱含量0.1316mg;
②脂配基含量0.0117mg;
③蛋白质0.04g;
④氨基酸成分和含量2.5mg;
⑤脂肪0.075g;
⑥半乳糖0.014g;
⑦碳水化合物0.02g;
⑧亚细酸0.031g。
蟾蜍皮复方胶囊抗肿瘤作用的作用机制可能是以毒攻毒,消肿化瘀;互相协同,共同增 效作用;因而该复方胶囊利用组合配伍提高了产品的抗肿瘤效果。其特征为配比简单,使用 方便,样品已试生产;实验药理学与临床治疗学研究表明,用于动物和部分病人的试用,能 减轻症状,缩小肿块,抗肿瘤效果较好,毒副作用小。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述,但不限制本发明的保护范围和应用范围。
本发明提供了一种具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊,原料包括:中华蟾蜍皮,藏雪莲, 金荞麦,茵陈,七叶一枝花,灵芝,人参,蜈蚣和蝎子。
上述复方蟾蜍皮胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,取新鲜中华大蟾蜍用通针脊髓处死,立即剥皮,用清水洗净,过滤水分,用60℃ 烘干打粉,过80目筛,得中华蟾蜍皮干粉;
步骤2,分别制备藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈和七叶一枝花的干浸粉,具体制备方法为:取 藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈或七叶一枝花加水浸泡3小时,煎煮2次、每次1小时,合并煎液, 滤过,滤液用冷冻真空干燥机抽干浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.35的稠膏后,再置60℃烘干打粉,得到干浸粉;
步骤3,分别制备灵芝和人参的干浸粉,将灵芝或人参加水浸泡3小时,大火煎煮沸15 分钟,文火15分钟,煎煮2次,合并煎液,滤过,滤液用冷冻真空干燥机浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.35的稠膏后,再置60℃烘干打粉,得到干浸粉;
步骤4,将蜈蚣和蝎子的原药分别用60℃烘干,打粉,过60目筛,得到蜈蚣和蝎子的干 粉;
步骤5,以重量百分比计,取中华蟾蜍皮干粉15-30%、藏雪莲干浸粉5-15%、金荞麦干 浸粉5-15%、茵陈干浸粉5-15%、七叶一枝花干浸粉5-15%、灵芝干浸粉5-10%、人参干浸 粉5-10%、蜈蚣干粉2-5%、蝎子干粉2-5%直接混匀,过筛,充填胶囊,制成胶囊剂,即得。
以上所述具有抗肿瘤作用的蟾蜍皮复方胶囊,是在中医药传统理论的基础上,结合民间 用药经验,运用现代科学理论配制而成。方中:①干蟾皮,性寒、味苦,具有抗肿瘤、抗病 毒等多种神奇功能,为方中君药;②藏雪莲,清热解毒、祛风湿、消肿、止痛、补血养颜功 能。能治愈类风湿关节炎、外敷消肿等症,为臣药;③茵陈主要功效:清热利湿,解毒疗疮, 主治:去湿热治黄疸,小便不利,风痒疮疥,同为臣药;④金荞麦具有清热解毒,清肺排痰, 排脓消肿,祛风化湿。用于肺痈,肺脓疡,肺热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,为佐药;⑤七叶一枝花为具有清热解毒、消肿止痛的功效,同为佐药;⑥灵芝对肝损伤有保护作用,还能促进肝脏对药物、毒物的代谢,有效地改善肝功能,同为佐药;⑦人参具有兴奋心肌及血管,改善心肌无力作用,能加强机体的抵抗力、抑制炎症反应,促进损伤的愈合,同为佐药;⑧蝎子具有解毒、止痛、通络的功效,同为佐药;⑨蜈蚣主治肝风惊搐,息风止痉,解毒散结,同为佐 药。
实施例1
一种具有抗肿瘤作用的蟾蜍皮复方胶囊,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
⑴新鲜中华大蟾蜍用通针脊髓处死,立即剥皮,用清水洗净,过滤水分,用60℃烘干打 粉,过80目筛,粉末置于干燥玻璃瓶中备用。
⑵将等量藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈、七叶一枝花四味药加水浸泡3小时,煎煮2次,每次1小时,合并煎液,滤过;滤液用冷冻真空干燥机抽干浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.35的稠膏后,再置60℃烘干打粉,得干浸粉备用;
⑶将等量灵芝、人参加水浸泡3小时,大火煎煮沸30分钟,文火30分钟,煎煮2次,合并煎液,滤过;滤液用冷冻真空干燥机浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.35的稠膏后,再置60℃烘干打粉,得干浸粉备用;
⑷将蜈蚣,蝎子原药分别用60℃烘干,打粉,过60目筛,粉末置于干燥玻璃瓶中备用。
⑸将步骤⑴⑵⑶⑷得到的干浸粉以下配比直接混匀,过筛,充填胶囊,制成胶囊剂,即 得产品。
本实施例作为胶囊其中主药中华蟾蜍皮含量使用小剂量,采用如下配比,以各药的干粉 重量%计算称重后混匀,过筛,充填胶囊,制成胶囊剂。
具体配比为:
①新鲜中华蟾蜍皮干粉20%;
②藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈、七叶一枝花的干浸粉均为15%;
③灵芝、人参的干浸粉均为5%;
④蜈蚣、蝎子的干粉均为5%。
实施例2
制备方法同实施例1。
作为胶囊其中主药中华蟾蜍皮含量使用高剂量,采用如下配比,以各药的干粉重量%计 算称重后混匀,过筛,充填胶囊,制成胶囊剂。
具体配比为:
①新鲜中华蟾蜍皮干粉30%;
②藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈、七叶一枝花的干浸粉均为12.5%;
③灵芝、人参的干浸粉均为5%;
④蜈蚣、蝎子的干粉均为5%。
实施例3
制备方法同实施例1。
作为胶囊其中主药中华蟾蜍皮含量使用中剂量,采用如下配比,以各药的干粉重量%计 算称重后混匀,过筛,充填胶囊,制成胶囊剂。
具体配比为:
①新鲜中华蟾蜍皮干粉25%;
②藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈、七叶一枝花的干浸粉均为13.75%;
③灵芝、人参的干浸粉均为5%;
④蜈蚣、蝎子的干粉均为5%。
试验例
蟾蜍皮复方胶囊实验结果表明,模型组与对照组比较,复方蟾皮胶囊各组小鼠平均肿瘤 组织的重量均有明显降低,其中大剂量组与其他两组比较.对HepA肝癌腹水瘤有更显著的 抑制作用(P<0.01),胸腺指数也显著增高(P<0.01),并随着剂量的递增,抑瘤作用逐渐增强, 显示有较好的量一效关系。见表1。
表1各组小鼠肿瘤平均重量及抑瘤率和胸腺重量及胸腺指数比较,
组别 | 肿瘤重量(g) | 抑瘤率 | 胸腺重量(mg) | 胸腺指数 |
模型组 | 3.03±0.21 | -- | 51±6 | 19±7 |
对照组 | 1.73±0.15 | 43.2 | 25±10 | 9±4 |
小剂量组 | 1.71±0.14<sup>Δ</sup> | 41.2 | 63±11<sup>Δ</sup> | 21±9<sup>Δ</sup> |
中剂量组 | 1.54±0.11<sup>Δ</sup> | 49.3 | 74±12<sup>Δ</sup> | 27±11<sup>Δ</sup> |
大剂量组 | 1.34±0.09<sup>Δ</sup> | 55.7 | 83±14<sup>Δ</sup> | 36±15<sup>Δ</sup> |
注:Δ与模型组比较,P<0.01。
蟾蜍皮复方胶囊与模型对照组之间比较,3个药物治疗组的血清TNF-α浓度均明显降低 (P<0.05);详见表2。
表2各组小鼠血清TNF-α浓度比较n=10.
注:与模型对照组比较ΔP<0.05,与治疗组比较,*P>0.05。
蟾蜍皮复方胶囊各剂量组均能提高HepA肝癌腹水瘤细胞G0~G1期比例,减小S期比 例,进而促进瘤细胞凋亡,其作用强度的变化呈剂量依赖性。结果见表3。
表3复方胶囊对HepA肝癌腹水瘤细胞周期分布的影响
组别 | n | 凋亡细胞 | G0-Gl期(%) | S期(%) | G2-M期(%) |
模型组 | 10 | 2.25±0.28 | 24.18±4.17 | 63.14±6.39 | 13.61±2.38 |
对照组 | 10 | 1.98±0.44 | 32.98±5.24 | 52.39±5.18 | 12.28±1.71 |
小剂量组 | 10 | 3.72±0.98<sup>Δ</sup> | 32.29±3.33<sup>Δ</sup> | 52.84±5.03<sup>Δ</sup> | 13.69±1.31 |
中剂量组 | 10 | 5.50±1.29<sup>Δ</sup> | 36.47±5.18<sup>Δ</sup> | 48.1±4.39<sup>Δ</sup> | 13.73±2.01<sup>Δ</sup> |
大剂量组 | 10 | 6.38±1.71<sup>Δ</sup> | 41.23±4.83<sup>△</sup> | 42.28±5.26<sup>△</sup> | 12.12±1.66<sup>△</sup> |
注:与模型对照组比较,△P<0.01
以上实验结果,蟾蜍皮复方胶囊显示对HepA肝癌腹水瘤生长具有显著的抑制作用,并 成剂量依赖性,其可能是在诱导细胞分化、促进细胞凋亡、抑制血管生成、改变肿瘤细胞相 关基因的表达等方面发挥抗肿瘤的作用。
蟾蜍皮复方胶囊能显著降低HepA肝癌腹水瘤小鼠TNF-α浓度.增加小鼠胸腺重量及胸 腺指数,对于TNF-d水平异常升高的HepA肝癌腹水瘤小鼠起到明显的抑制作用。
蟾蜍皮复方胶囊能明显阻滞肝癌H22细胞由G1期进入S期,使其停滞于Gl/G0期,从而减少细胞在该期DNA的复制和合成,进而达到抑制肿瘤细胞生长的目的。
抗肿瘤作用的蟾蜍皮复方胶囊的剂量不同服用,早期使用小剂量,病人的有个适应性过 程,如果没什么不良反应,将逐步再增加到正常的大剂量服用;等症状改善,病情恢复至正 常的巩固期改服用小剂量的胶囊。
临床应用
患者一:女,现年76岁,卵巢癌,本市南郊村人。于2007年5月发现右卵巢上有一肿块6×4.5cm,不痛,周围不规则,在附属医院妇产科诊断为卵巢腺癌,有淋巴结转移,由于患者有高血压和冠心病,不能手术治疗,服胶囊一个月后,瘤体明显开始缩小,坚持服用15个月,肿块完全消失,至今仍在小剂量服用,生活质量良好,生活自理,没有复发。
患者二:女,现年58岁,原发性肝癌,城南新村人,于2011年2月病人感觉肝区疼痛、腹胀,在市人民医院B超及化验检查,以诊断为腹水型原发性肝癌,服用胶囊20天后,病 情得到控制,食欲增强,症状减轻;坚持服用3个月,疼痛和腹胀症状消失,经CT检查, 瘤体明显缩小,病人信心增强,继续服用6个月后,再次CT体检复查,瘤体消失,继续小 剂量服用,现体力恢复,生活质量良好。未见复发。
Claims (4)
1.一种具有抗肿瘤作用的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊,其特征在于:原料包括:中华蟾蜍皮,藏雪莲,金荞麦,茵陈,七叶一枝花,灵芝,人参,蜈蚣和蝎子。
2.权利要求1所述的复方蟾蜍皮胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1,取新鲜中华大蟾蜍用通针脊髓处死,立即剥皮,用清水洗净,过滤水分,用60℃烘干打粉,过80目筛,得中华蟾蜍皮干粉;
步骤2,分别制备藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈和七叶一枝花的干浸粉,具体制备方法为:取藏雪莲、金荞麦、茵陈或七叶一枝花加水浸泡3小时,煎煮2次、每次1小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液用冷冻真空干燥机抽干浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.35的稠膏后,再置60℃烘干打粉,得到干浸粉;
步骤3,分别制备灵芝和人参的干浸粉,将灵芝或人参加水浸泡3小时,大火煎煮沸15分钟,文火15分钟,煎煮2次,合并煎液,滤过,滤液用冷冻真空干燥机浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.35的稠膏后,再置60℃烘干打粉,得到干浸粉;
步骤4,将蜈蚣和蝎子的原药分别用60℃烘干,打粉,过60目筛,得到蜈蚣和蝎子的干粉;
步骤5,以重量百分比计,取中华蟾蜍皮干粉15-30%、藏雪莲干浸粉5-15%、金荞麦干浸粉5-15%、茵陈干浸粉5-15%、七叶一枝花干浸粉5-15%、灵芝干浸粉5-10%、人参干浸粉5-10%、蜈蚣干粉2-5%、蝎子干粉2-5%直接混匀,过筛,充填胶囊,制成胶囊剂,即得;
步骤5中所用原料的重量百分比之和为100%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中所述煎煮2次、每次1小时,煎煮具体为先大火半小时后文火半小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5中所述胶囊为1号肠溶胶囊。
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